WO2022016720A1 - 基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法 - Google Patents
基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022016720A1 WO2022016720A1 PCT/CN2020/123774 CN2020123774W WO2022016720A1 WO 2022016720 A1 WO2022016720 A1 WO 2022016720A1 CN 2020123774 W CN2020123774 W CN 2020123774W WO 2022016720 A1 WO2022016720 A1 WO 2022016720A1
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- Prior art keywords
- support
- foundation pit
- temporary
- layer
- ramp
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G27/00—Temporary arrangements for giving access from one level to another for men or vehicles, e.g. steps, ramps
Definitions
- the patent of the present invention relates to the technical field of building foundation pit support and earthwork excavation, in particular, to a temporary channel construction method based on a support structure in a deep foundation pit.
- the inner support beam is mainly made of reinforced concrete material, the section size is generally 800mm ⁇ 800mm to 1000mm ⁇ 1000mm, the horizontal spacing is generally 8-16m, and the vertical spacing is generally 4-6m.
- a temporary ramp is usually set to pass the dump truck.
- internal support is used for foundation pit support
- the criss-crossing internal support beams of the multi-channel support system divide the internal space of the foundation pit into small pieces.
- the temporary soil ramp needs to cross the support beam or cross the upper support. Beams are often affected by the location and size distribution of supporting beams and columns. It is difficult to set temporary excavated ramps. Over-excavation and insufficient support are often encountered, which poses a greater safety hazard.
- the slope needs to be adjusted repeatedly, and the position of the temporary ramp needs to be changed according to different excavation areas; during the excavation of the foundation pit in the rainy season, the ramp needs to be repeatedly paved with bricks, slag and stones. , to ensure normal passage, and increase the cost of procurement and transportation.
- the support in the slope closing stage of the ramp, it is necessary to use grading and sub-platform relay excavation at the entrance of the ramp, which requires multiple transfers, or long-arm excavators are used to transfer to the top of the foundation pit, or grab buckets are used for hoisting. It often leads to low efficiency of the entire foundation pit support and earthwork excavation, long construction period and high comprehensive cost.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a temporary earthwork passage system based on the support structure in the foundation pit, which aims to solve the problems of low foundation pit support and earthwork excavation efficiency, long construction period and high comprehensive cost in the prior art.
- the present invention is achieved in this way, a temporary channel construction method based on a support structure in a deep foundation pit, comprising the following steps:
- a supporting plate is cast between the supporting beams supported in the first layer to form the inner support in the first layer.
- the support plate includes a transverse support plate, a longitudinal support plate and a surrounding support plate, the surrounding support plate is arranged around the inner side wall of the foundation pit, the transverse support plate and the longitudinal support plate are arranged in a staggered manner, and Both ends of the lateral support plate or the longitudinal support plate are connected to the surrounding support plate.
- a sinking ramp is constructed, the sinking ramp is connected with the entrance and exit of the sinking ramp and the entrance and exit of the top of the foundation pit, and the sinking ramp is used to communicate with the first-level temporary ramp.
- a first-level temporary ramp is constructed on the column pile, and the first-level temporary ramp is a reinforced concrete structure obtained by pouring;
- the first layer of earthwork is excavated to the bottom of the inner support of the second layer, and the excavated earthwork is loaded and transported out through the first-level temporary ramp.
- step S13
- a first-grade slope-changing platform is poured between the support beams supported in the second layer, the first-grade slope-changing platform is a reinforced concrete structure, and the first-grade slope-changing platform is connected to the support plate supported in the second layer. , and the first-grade slope-changing platform is connected to the first-grade temporary ramp.
- the first-level temporary ramp is located above the support beam supported in the second layer.
- the ramp connected to the bottom of the foundation pit is a temporary ramp at the bottom of the foundation pit
- the temporary ramp at the bottom of the foundation pit is a soil slope
- the slope surface of the soil slope is sprayed with concrete protective surface.
- the slope ratio of the first-level temporary ramp and the second-level temporary ramp is not greater than 1:6.
- the width of the first-level temporary ramp, the first-level slope-changing platform, the second-level temporary ramp, and the second-level slope-changing platform is not less than 6m.
- the temporary channel construction method based on the support structure in the deep foundation pit enables large-scale machinery such as muck trucks and dump trucks to be safely Exercise freely in the foundation pit, excavate the foundation pit in sequence, and transport the earth out through the temporary ramp and the variable slope platform, which speeds up the construction progress, and the muck truck can drive through the variable slope platform and the temporary slope.
- the earthwork at the bottom of the foundation pit is directly and quickly transferred to the designated muck storage point, without the need for multiple transfers, saving a lot of time, manpower and financial resources. It solves the problems of low efficiency of foundation pit support and earthwork excavation, long construction period and high comprehensive cost in the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a temporary channel construction method based on a support structure in a deep foundation pit provided by the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a temporary channel construction method based on a support structure in a deep foundation pit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a temporary channel construction method based on a support structure in a deep foundation pit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner support of the first layer of the temporary channel construction method based on the inner support structure of the deep foundation pit provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 it is a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention.
- a temporary channel construction method based on a support 31 structure in a deep foundation pit comprising the following steps:
- the temporary ramp 11 of each level adopts a reinforced concrete structure to ensure its stable bearing; the slope ratio of the temporary ramp 11 of each level is not greater than 1:6 to ensure the smooth running of the dump truck; and , the width of the temporary ramp 11 and the slope-changing platform 21 of each level is not less than 6m.
- the width of the temporary ramp 11 of each level is 7m ⁇ 8m, so as to ensure that two vehicles can pass in one direction or partially in two directions;
- the surface of the temporary ramp 11 is provided with anti-skid measures, such as grooves arranged at intervals on the upper surface of each level of the temporary ramp 11 .
- the temporary ramp 11 and the variable slope platform 21 of each level are made of reinforced concrete structure to ensure their stable bearing. .
- the reinforcement satisfies the structural calculation to ensure that two dump trucks can pass safely when they are fully loaded, and a certain safety reserve is reserved.
- the roads are all cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures. The road conditions are good, the traffic is smooth, and it is not affected by the weather. It is to speed up the unearthed speed of the dump truck.
- the corresponding numerical ordering given in the present invention is only for the convenience of description and to make the structure clear.
- the ordering and the corresponding ordering may be different.
- a transfer platform is provided between the inner support 31 of the second layer and the inner support 31 of the third layer, which will lead to the change of the numerical order, but does not affect the overall structural change of the present invention.
- the temporary ramp 11 and the slope-changing platform 21 are arranged in sequence, so that large-scale machinery such as muck trucks and dump trucks can safely run freely in the foundation pit, and excavate the foundation pit in sequence.
- the earthwork is transported out through the temporary ramp 11 and the slope-changing platform 21, which speeds up the construction progress, and the muck truck can travel to the foundation pit bottom 24 through the slope-changing platform 21 and the temporary ramp 11, and then the foundation pit bottom 24 can be transported.
- the earthwork is directly and quickly transferred to the designated muck storage point, without the need for multiple transfers, saving a lot of time, manpower and financial resources.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in combination, in an embodiment of the present invention, before S11:
- a support plate is cast between the support beams of the inner support 31 of the first layer to form the inner support 31 of the first layer.
- the column piles are used to support the inner support 31 of the first layer and the subsequent inner support 31 of the second layer, etc., to ensure the stable support of the inner support 31 of the first layer and the inner support 31 of the second layer to the side wall of the foundation pit, and to support the support
- the beam was replaced with a support plate, and the original small-section support beam was converted into a large-area bearing plate, which was used as the inner support 31 structure of the foundation pit support, which played a role in strengthening the inner support 31 and improved the foundation pit support. security.
- the support plate includes a lateral support plate 312, a longitudinal support plate 313 and a surrounding support plate 311.
- the surrounding support plate 311 is arranged around the inner side wall of the foundation pit. 312 or both ends of the longitudinal support plate 313 are connected to the surrounding support plate 311 .
- the inner support 31 of the first layer is located at the top of the foundation pit.
- the support plate of the inner support 31 of the first layer can be used as a material storage yard, a processing yard, a finished product storage yard, etc. during the construction of the underground structure, and is used for the site without temporary facilities around the project.
- the project provides a lot of space.
- the surrounding support plate 311 is connected to the top of the foundation pit. Converting the support beam into the inner support 31 plate greatly increases the rigidity of the inner support 31 structure, makes the deformation of the foundation pit within a controllable range, and improves the safety of the foundation pit support project.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 in combination, in an embodiment of the present invention, before S12:
- the sinking ramp is connected to the entrance and exit of the sinking ramp and the entrance and exit of the top of the foundation pit, and the sinking ramp is used to connect the first-level temporary ramp 11.
- the first-level temporary ramp 11 In order to meet the slope rate requirements, there are cases where the first-level temporary ramp 11 needs to be extended. However, due to the limited width of the foundation pit, in this case, the entrance of the sinking ramp needs to be opened, and the sinking ramp is used as the first-level temporary ramp. 1111 extension so that its slope meets the requirements. Of course, if the width of the foundation pit is sufficient, there is no need to set the above-mentioned subsidence ramp.
- a first-level temporary ramp 11 is constructed on the column pile, and the first-level temporary ramp 11 is a reinforced concrete structure obtained by pouring;
- the first layer of earthwork is excavated to the bottom of the inner support 31 of the second layer, and the excavated earthwork is loaded and transported out through the first-level temporary ramp 11 .
- the column piles are set under the first-level temporary ramp 11 to ensure stable support for the first-level temporary ramp 11 .
- the first-level temporary ramp 11 is a reinforced concrete structure to ensure safe passage of vehicles.
- reference may be made to the first-level temporary ramp 11 which will not be repeated here.
- step S13
- a first-grade slope-changing platform 21 is poured between the support beams of the inner support 31 in the second layer, the first-grade slope-changing platform 21 is a reinforced concrete structure, and the first-grade slope-changing platform 21 is connected to the support plate of the second layer inner support 31, and, The first-level slope changing platform 21 is connected to the first-level temporary ramp 11 .
- the inner support 31 of the second layer is also provided with a support plate at the corresponding position of the support plate of the inner support 31 of the first layer, so as to support the foundation pit stably.
- the plate 313 is convenient for construction personnel to walk.
- the first-level temporary ramp 11 is located above the support beams of the inner support 31 on the second floor.
- the above-mentioned column piles below the first-level temporary ramp 11 are worn through the support beams of the inner support 31 in the second layer, and the stability of the first-level temporary ramp 11 can be achieved through the support beams of the inner support 31 in the second layer and combined with the column piles. support.
- the structure and construction method of the inner support 31 of the second layer and the inner support 31 of each subsequent layer can be referred to the inner support 31 of the second layer, and will not be repeated here.
- the ramp connected to the foundation pit bottom 24 is the temporary ramp 11 at the foundation pit bottom 24, the temporary ramp 11 at the foundation pit bottom 24 is an earth slope, and the slope surface of the earth slope is sprayed with concrete.
- the stability of its structure can be ensured by directly adopting the form of soil slope, and the surface of the temporary ramp 11 at the bottom of the foundation pit 24 can be sprayed with concrete protective surface , which not only maintains the normal traffic of vehicles, but also saves costs.
- a foundation pit is constructed in a rectangular shape with a perimeter of about 452 m, an excavation area of 11400 m 2 , and an excavation depth of 27 m.
- the lithology of the stratum is mainly filled soil layer, silty soil and sandy cohesive soil layer, and a maximum of four temporary channels are used.
- the construction steps are as follows:
- the third-level slope-changing platform 21 is set on the inner support 31 on the third layer; the second-level slope-changing platform 21 is set between the second-layer inner support 31 and the third-layer inner support 31, 21 is set on the side wall of the foundation pit.
- the secondary slope changing platform 21 needs to be used as a transfer platform, so that the vehicle can run smoothly.
- the second-grade slope changing platform 21, the second-grade temporary ramp 11 and the third-grade temporary ramp 11 described here can be regarded as the second-grade temporary ramp 11 described above, and the third-grade slope changing platform 21 can be regarded as the second-grade temporary ramp 11 described above. Step-by-step ramps.
- a three-level temporary ramp 11 is provided on the side wall of the foundation pit. That is, the third-level temporary ramp 11 is inclined and extended against the side wall of the foundation pit. Combined with the above-mentioned use of the second-level slope changing platform 21 as a transfer platform, the slope rate of the temporary ramp 11 is reduced, and the temporary ramp 11 is increased. length.
- three-level temporary ramps 11 extend on both sides of the second-level slope-changing platform 21 against the side walls of the foundation pit respectively, and the three-level temporary ramps 11 on both sides extend to two third-level temporary ramps 11 on the inner support 31 of the third layer.
- the slope-changing platform 21 is connected to the foundation pit bottom 24 through two four-stage slope-changing platforms 21. In this way, by setting two roads, both sides can be driven as vehicles at the same time, or both sides can be driven as one-way roads respectively, which is convenient for transfer. .
- a transfer platform is not used, and a slope-changing platform 21 is provided for the inner support 31 of each layer.
- the ramp 11 extends in a straight line, which is convenient for the rapid transportation of vehicles.
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑基坑支护与土方开挖的技术领域，公开了一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，包括以下步骤：S11，施工第一层内支撑；S12，施工一级临时坡道，开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑底部；S13，施工第二层内支撑，并在第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台，一级变坡平台连通一级临时坡道；S14，施工二级临时坡道，开挖第二层土方至第三层内支撑底部；S15，施工第三层内支撑，并在第三层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑二级变坡平台，二级变坡平台连通二级临时坡道；S16，依照S12至S15类推，在基坑内朝下施工，直至开挖至基坑底部。本发明技术方案给出的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，节省了大量的时间、人力及财力。
Description
本发明专利涉及建筑基坑支护与土方开挖的技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法。
基坑采用内支撑支护时，通常是在基坑内部设置纵横交错的内支撑梁，支撑基坑侧壁的土压力，防止基坑垮塌而引发安全事故。内支撑梁以钢筋混凝土材料为主，截面尺寸一般是800mm×800mm至1000mm×1000mm，水平间距一般为8～16m，竖向间距一般为4～6m。
基坑开挖时，通常设置临时坡道通行泥头车。采用内支撑进行基坑支护时，多道支撑系统的纵横交错的内支撑梁将基坑内部空间分成了零星小块，基坑开挖时临时土质坡道需跨压支撑梁或穿越上层支撑梁，往往受支撑梁、立柱的位置和尺寸分布的影响，临时出土坡道设置较困难，经常出现超挖、支撑不到位的情况，存在较大的安全隐患。同时，随着基坑向下层开挖，坡道需要反复调整坡率，并根据不同开挖区域转换临时坡道的位置；在雨季开挖基坑时，坡道需要反复铺垫砖渣、石块，以确保正常通行，增加了采购和运输费用。另外，受支撑的影响，坡道收坡阶段需要在坡道口采用分级分平台接力开挖，需要通进行多次转运，或采用长臂挖机转运至基坑顶，或采用抓斗吊运，往往导致整个基坑支撑和土方开挖效率低、工期长、综合费用高。
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于基坑内支撑结构的土方临时通道系统，旨在解决现有技术中，基坑支撑和土方开挖效率低、工期长、综合费用高的问题。
本发明是这样实现的，一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，包括以下步骤：
S11，施工第一层内支撑；
S12，施工一级临时坡道，同时开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑底部；
S13，施工第二层内支撑，并在第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台，所述一级变坡平台连通所述一级临时坡道；
S14，施工二级临时坡道，同时开挖第二层土方至第三层内支撑底部；
S15，施工第三层内支撑，并在第三层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑二级变坡平台，所述二级变坡平台连通所述二级临时坡道；
S16，依照S12至S15类推，在基坑内朝下施工，直至开挖至基坑底部。
可选的，在S11中：
在基坑内施工立柱桩；
施工第一层内支撑的支撑梁；
在所述第一层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板，构成所述第一层内支撑。
可选的，所述支撑板包括横向支撑板、纵向支撑板以及环绕支撑板，所述环绕支撑板环设于基坑的内侧壁，所述横向支撑板与所述纵向支撑板交错布置，且所述横向支撑板或所述纵向支撑板的两端连接于所述环绕支撑板。
可选的，在S12之前：
在基坑的侧壁设置下沉通道出入口；
施工下沉坡道，所述下沉坡道连通所述下沉坡道出入口和基坑顶出入口，所述下沉坡道用于连通所述一级临时坡道。
可选的，在S12中：
在基坑内施工立柱桩；
在所述立柱桩上施工一级临时坡道，所述一级临时坡道为通过浇筑得到的钢筋混凝土结构；
开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑底部，通过一级临时坡道将开挖的土方装车外运。
可选的，S13步骤中：
施工第二层内内支撑的支撑梁；
在所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板；
在所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台，所述一级变坡平台为钢筋混凝土结构，所述一级变坡平台连通所述第二层内支撑的支撑板，并且，所述一级变坡平台连通所述一级临时坡道。
可选的，所述一级临时坡道位于所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁上方。
可选的，连接至基坑底的坡道为基坑底临时坡道，所述基坑底临时坡道为土坡，土坡的坡面喷射混凝土护面。
可选的，所述一级临时坡道和所述二级临时坡道的坡率不大于1:6。
可选的，所述一级临时坡道、所述一级变坡平台、所述二级临时坡道以及所述二级变坡平台的宽度不小于6m。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，通过依序设置的临时坡道和变坡平台，使渣土车、泥头车等大型机械可以安全的在基坑内自由行使，依序对基坑进行土方开挖，并将土方通过临时坡道和变坡平台外运，加快了施工进度，并且，渣土车通过变坡平台和临时坡道可行驶至基坑底，再将基坑底的土方直接快速转运至指定渣土收纳点，无需多次转运，节省了大量的时间、人力及财力。解决了现有技术中，基坑支撑和土方开挖效率低、工期长、综合费用高的问题。
图1是本发明提供的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法的流程示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1提供的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法的俯向示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1提供的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法的侧向示意图；
图4是本发明提供的基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法的第一层内支撑的结构示意图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
本实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
参照图1至图4所示，为本发明提供的较佳实施例。
一种基于深基坑内支撑31结构的临时通道施工方法，包括以下步骤：
S11，施工第一层内支撑31；
S12，施工一级临时坡道11，同时开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑31底部；
S13，施工第二层内支撑31，并在第二层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台21，一级变坡平台21连通一级临时坡道11；
S14，施工二级临时坡道11，同时开挖第二层土方至第三层内支撑31底部；
S15，施工第三层内支撑31，并在第三层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑二级变坡平台21，二级变坡平台21连通二级临时坡道11；
S16，依照S12至S15类推，在基坑内朝下施工，直至开挖至基坑底24部。
本实施例中，每级的临时坡道11均采用钢筋混凝土结构，以保证其稳固的承载；每级的临时坡道11的坡率不大于1:6，以保证泥头车平稳行驶；并且，每级的临时坡道11、变坡平台21的宽度不小于6m，具体的，每级的临时坡道11的宽度为7m~8m，以保证能够供两辆车辆单向或局部双向通行；另外，临时坡道11的表面设有防滑措施，如在每级临时坡道11的上表面设间隔布置的凹槽。
并且，每级的临时坡道11、变坡平台21均采用钢筋混凝土结构，以保证其稳固的承载，临时坡道11内的钢筋混凝土结构或变坡平台21的钢筋混凝土结构的承压板厚度、配筋满足结构计算，确保有两辆泥头车满载时安全通过，并留有一定安全储备，道路均为现浇钢筋混凝土结构，路况好，通行顺畅，且不受天气影响，双向通行更是加快了泥头车出土的速度。
本发明中给出的相应的数字排序，如第一层、一级、第二层、二级等，仅为方便描述，使结构清楚，在具体的实施例中，其排序和对应排序可能会根据情况改变，如在第二层内支撑31和第三层内支撑31之间设中转平台，其会导致数字排序的改变，但并不影响本发明整体的结构改变。
本实施例中，通过依序设置的临时坡道11和变坡平台21，使渣土车、泥头车等大型机械可以安全的在基坑内自由行使，依序对基坑进行土方开挖，并将土方通过临时坡道11和变坡平台21外运，加快了施工进度，并且，渣土车通过变坡平台21和临时坡道11可行驶至基坑底24，再将基坑底24的土方直接快速转运至指定渣土收纳点，无需多次转运，节省了大量的时间、人力及财力。
请结合参阅图2和图3，本发明一实施例中，在S11之前：
在基坑的外周施工支护桩和地下连续墙。
以保证对基坑侧壁的初步支撑，并防止水渗漏到基坑内部。
在S11中：
在基坑内施工立柱桩；
施工第一层内支撑31的支撑梁；
在第一层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板，构成第一层内支撑31。
立柱桩用作对第一层内支撑31以及后续的第二层内支撑31等进行支撑，保证第一层内支撑31、第二层内支撑31等对基坑侧壁稳定的支撑，并且将支撑梁换成了支撑板，由原来的小断面支撑梁转换成大面积的承压板，作为基坑支护的内支撑31结构，对内支撑31起到了加固的作用，提高了基坑支护的安全性。
具体的，支撑板包括横向支撑板312、纵向支撑板313以及环绕支撑板311，环绕支撑板311环设于基坑的内侧壁，横向支撑板312与纵向支撑板313交错布置，且横向支撑板312或纵向支撑板313的两端连接于环绕支撑板311。
第一层内支撑31位于基坑的顶部位置，第一层内支撑31的支撑板的可作为地下结构施工时的材料堆场、加工场、成品堆场等，为项目周边无临时设施场地使用的工程提供了大量的空间，具体的，为便于运输，环绕支撑板311连通于基坑的顶部。将支撑梁转换为内支撑31板，大大增加了内支撑31结构的刚度，使得基坑变形处于可控范围内，提高基坑支护工程的安全性。
请结合参阅图1至图4，本发明一实施例中，在S12之前：
在基坑的侧壁设置下沉通道出入口；
施工下沉坡道，下沉坡道连通下沉坡道出入口和基坑顶出入口，下沉坡道用于连通一级临时坡道11。
为了满足坡率要求，存在需要将一级临时坡道11延长的情况，但由于基坑的宽度有限，这时，则需要开设下沉坡道入口，将下沉坡道作为一级临时坡道1111的延伸段，从而使其坡率满足要求。当然，如果基坑宽度足够的情况下，则无需设置上述下沉坡道。
请结合参阅图2和图3，本发明一实施例中，在S12中：
在基坑内施工立柱桩；
在立柱桩上施工一级临时坡道11，一级临时坡道11为通过浇筑得到的钢筋混凝土结构；
开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑31底部，通过一级临时坡道11将开挖的土方装车外运。
通过在一级临时坡道11的下方设立柱桩，以保证对一级临时坡道11的稳定支撑，同时，一级临时坡道11为钢筋混凝土结构，保证了车辆安全通过。同理，二级临时坡道11以及后续的每一级临时坡道11的结构及施工方法，均可以参照一级临时坡道11，此处不再赘述。
另外，S13步骤中：
施工第二层内内支撑31的支撑梁；
在第二层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板；
在第二层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台21，一级变坡平台21为钢筋混凝土结构，一级变坡平台21连通第二层内支撑31的支撑板，并且，一级变坡平台21连通一级临时坡道11。
第二层内支撑31在第一层内支撑31的支撑板对应位置，也设有支撑板，以便于稳定支撑基坑，上述一级变坡平台21连通于第二层内支撑31的纵向支撑板313，以便于施工人员行走。
并且，一级临时坡道11位于第二层内支撑31的支撑梁上方。
上述一级临时坡道11下方的立柱桩穿设于第二层内支撑31的支撑梁，通过第二层内支撑31的支撑梁，并结合立柱桩可以实现对一级临时坡道11的稳定支撑。同理，第二层内支撑31以及后续的每一层内支撑31的结构及施工方法，均可以参照第二层内支撑31，此处不再赘述。
另外，连接至基坑底24的坡道为基坑底24临时坡道11，基坑底24临时坡道11为土坡，土坡的坡面喷射混凝土护面。
由于基坑底24临时坡道11接近与基坑底24，因此，直接采用土坡的形式，即可保证其结构的稳定，并且，在基坑底24临时坡道11的表面喷射混凝土护面，既保持车辆正常通行，同时可节省费用。
请结合参阅图1至图3，本发明的实施例1中，在施工一种基坑为长方形，周长约452m，开挖面积11400m
2，开挖深度27m。地层岩性以填土层、淤泥质土、砂质粘性土层为主，采用最多为四级临时通道，其施工步骤如下：
1）在基坑长边一侧设置临时坡道11出入口，并施工下沉坡道，以减小坡率。
2）浇筑第一层内支撑31；
3）开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑31处，同时修建一级临时坡道11；
4）浇筑第二层内支撑31，并在第二层内支撑31的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台21；
5）开挖第二层土方至第三层内支撑31处，同时修建二级临时坡道11，并在第三层内支撑31的上方浇筑二级变坡平台21，二级变坡平台21位于基坑的侧壁；
6）在基坑的侧壁两侧分别修建两条三级临时坡道11，浇筑第三层内支撑31，在第三层内支撑31的主梁连接处支模浇筑两个三级变坡平台21；
7）开挖第三层土方至基坑底24，同时修建四级临时坡道11。
该实施例中，三级变坡平台21设于第三层内支撑31上；二级变坡平台21设于第二层内支撑31和第三层内支撑31之间，二级变坡平台21设于基坑的侧壁。限于该实施例所给出的基坑的宽度，为了使临时坡道11的坡率满足要求，需要将二级变坡平台21作为中转平台，以便车能够平稳行驶。此处描述的二级变坡平台21、二级临时坡道11和三级临时坡道11可视为上述描述的二级临时坡道11，三级变坡平台21可视为上述描述的二级变坡坡道。
并且，三级临时坡道11设于基坑的侧壁。即，三级临时坡道11靠着基坑的侧壁倾斜延伸布置，结合上述通过二级变坡平台21作为中转平台，减小了临时坡道11的坡率，且增加了临时坡道11的长度。
另外，二级变坡平台21的两侧分别靠着基坑侧壁延伸有三级临时坡道11，两侧的三级临时坡道11延伸至第三层内支撑31上的两个三级变坡平台21，并通过两个四级变坡平台21连接至基坑底24，这样，通过设置两条道路，使两侧可同时作为车辆行驶，或两侧分别作为单行道行驶，便于转运。
本发明的实施例2中，在不限基坑的宽度的情况下，不作中转平台，每一层内支撑31设一变坡平台21，这样，在满足坡率要求的情况下，该整个临时坡道11的呈直线延伸状，方便车辆快速运输。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S11，施工第一层内支撑；S12，施工一级临时坡道，同时开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑底部；S13，施工第二层内支撑，并在第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台，所述一级变坡平台连通所述一级临时坡道；S14，施工二级临时坡道，同时开挖第二层土方至第三层内支撑底部；S15，施工第三层内支撑，并在第三层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑二级变坡平台，所述二级变坡平台连通所述二级临时坡道；S16，依照S12至S15类推，在基坑内朝下施工，直至开挖至基坑底部。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，在S11中：在基坑内施工立柱桩；施工第一层内支撑的支撑梁；在所述第一层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板，构成所述第一层内支撑。
- 如权利要求2所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，所述支撑板包括横向支撑板、纵向支撑板以及环绕支撑板，所述环绕支撑板环设于基坑的内侧壁，所述横向支撑板与所述纵向支撑板交错布置，且所述横向支撑板或所述纵向支撑板的两端连接于所述环绕支撑板。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，在S12之前：在基坑的侧壁设置下沉通道出入口；施工下沉坡道，所述下沉坡道连通所述下沉坡道出入口和基坑顶出入口，所述下沉坡道用于连通所述一级临时坡道。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，在S12中：在基坑内施工立柱桩；在所述立柱桩上施工一级临时坡道，所述一级临时坡道为通过浇筑得到的钢筋混凝土结构；开挖第一层土方至第二层内支撑底部，通过一级临时坡道将开挖的土方装车外运。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，S13步骤中：施工第二层内内支撑的支撑梁；在所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑支撑板；在所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁之间浇筑一级变坡平台，所述一级变坡平台为钢筋混凝土结构，所述一级变坡平台连通所述第二层内支撑的支撑板，并且，所述一级变坡平台连通所述一级临时坡道。
- 如权利要求6所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，所述一级临时坡道位于所述第二层内支撑的支撑梁上方。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，连接至基坑底的坡道为基坑底临时坡道，所述基坑底临时坡道为土坡，土坡的坡面喷射混凝土护面。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，所述一级临时坡道和所述二级临时坡道的坡率不大于1:6。
- 如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的一种基于深基坑内支撑结构的临时通道施工方法，其特征在于，所述一级临时坡道、所述一级变坡平台、所述二级临时坡道以及所述二级变坡平台的宽度不小于6m。
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| CN116717112A (zh) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-09-08 | 华侨大学 | 一种基于基坑冠梁的施工坡道支撑辅助结构 |
| CN116717112B (zh) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-12-01 | 华侨大学 | 一种基于基坑冠梁的施工坡道支撑辅助结构 |
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