WO2022016374A1 - 复合材料及其制备方法和负极 - Google Patents
复合材料及其制备方法和负极 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022016374A1 WO2022016374A1 PCT/CN2020/103283 CN2020103283W WO2022016374A1 WO 2022016374 A1 WO2022016374 A1 WO 2022016374A1 CN 2020103283 W CN2020103283 W CN 2020103283W WO 2022016374 A1 WO2022016374 A1 WO 2022016374A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- active material
- aluminum
- layer
- composite material
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 149
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002200 LIPON - lithium phosphorus oxynitride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002391 graphite-based active material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 lithium aluminum germanium phosphorus Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KVCNTPMIAMJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co][Ni][Sn] Chemical compound [Co][Ni][Sn] KVCNTPMIAMJSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tin Chemical compound [Ni].[Sn] CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UVJGFBPGFWEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N P12(=S)SP3(=S)SP(=S)(S1)SP(=S)(S2)S3.[S-2].[Li+].[Li+] Chemical compound P12(=S)SP3(=S)SP(=S)(S1)SP(=S)(S2)S3.[S-2].[Li+].[Li+] UVJGFBPGFWEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XRNHBMJMFUBOID-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Zr].[La].[Li] Chemical compound [O].[Zr].[La].[Li] XRNHBMJMFUBOID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RJEIKIOYHOOKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[La] Chemical compound [Li].[La] RJEIKIOYHOOKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAHNBNDPQWLRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O].[P].[Li] Chemical compound [N].[O].[P].[Li] PAHNBNDPQWLRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910009297 Li2S-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910009228 Li2S—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910012789 Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of battery materials, in particular to a composite material, a preparation method thereof, and a negative electrode.
- lithium-ion batteries Due to its good electrochemical performance, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various consumer electronic devices, power tools, electric vehicles, energy storage and other fields.
- most of the current commercial lithium-ion batteries use graphite as the negative electrode material, and the theoretical capacity of graphite is limited (372 mAh g -1 ), which makes it difficult to meet the performance requirements of high energy density and long battery life. Therefore, the development of new anode materials with high capacity has become an important research direction for lithium-ion batteries. Alloyed anode materials, such as silicon, germanium, aluminum, tin, antimony, zinc, etc., have high theoretical capacity and have good application prospects as high-capacity flexible anode materials.
- the composite anode material is prepared by adding an appropriate amount of alloyed anode material to the graphite anode material.
- the capacity of the graphite anode can be increased, and the volume expansion of the alloyed anode can be reduced to a certain extent, which has a good development prospect.
- the alloyed anode material particles with micron and nanometer scales are prone to agglomeration during the mixing process with carbon particles such as graphite, and it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion, so that the alloyed anode material particles have local accumulation, while in the alloying During the reaction process, the area where the alloyed particles are locally accumulated has serious volume expansion, resulting in stress concentration, which causes the active material to peel off, and even causes the current collector to crack, which seriously affects the battery cycle performance.
- One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a composite material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problem of poor mixing and dispersibility of the existing carbon-based active materials and alloyed active materials.
- Another object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a negative electrode, which aims to solve the technical problem that the carbon-based active material and the alloyed active material in the existing negative electrode have poor mixing and dispersibility, thereby affecting the cycle performance.
- a composite material comprising a carbon-based active material core, an alloyed-based active material layer and an outer shell layer coated on the surface of the carbon-based active material core, and the alloyed-based active material layer is located in the between the carbon-based active material core and the outer shell layer.
- a method for preparing a composite material comprising the following steps:
- a shell layer is prepared on the surface of the alloyed active material layer.
- a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a negative electrode active layer covering the current collector, the negative electrode active layer comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder, and the negative electrode active material is the present application.
- the beneficial effect of the composite material provided by the embodiments of the present application is that the composite material includes three layers of materials, namely, a carbon-based active material core located at the core, an alloyed active material layer located in the middle, and an outer shell layer located on the outer surface.
- the composite material can be used for the negative electrode active material; the materials of the carbon-based active material core and the alloyed active material layer belong to active materials, and the alloyed active material layer is coated on the surface of the carbon-based active material core, not only can use
- the active properties of the two can also achieve a highly uniform dispersion of different active material phases, thereby effectively alleviating stress concentration, and the outer shell layer not only acts as a mechanical protection for the alloyed active material layer and the carbon-based active material core, but also It can isolate the electrolyte and reduce side reactions. Therefore, the composite material with such a unique structure can be used as the negative electrode active material of the lithium ion battery to significantly improve its cycle stability performance.
- the beneficial effect of the negative electrode provided by the embodiments of the present application is that the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is the unique composite material of the present application or the unique composite material obtained by the preparation method of the composite material of the present application, and the composite material can realize the height of different active material phases. Uniform dispersion can effectively relieve stress concentration, and can isolate electrolyte and reduce side reactions. Therefore, the preparation of such a composite material with a unique structure into an electrode can significantly improve the cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries.
- Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a SEM comparison diagram of the negative electrode made of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application and the negative electrode prepared by mixing natural graphite and aluminum powder particles in a traditional mechanical mixing process;
- FIG 3 is a comparison diagram of the cycle performance of the negative electrode made of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application and the negative electrode prepared by mixing natural graphite and aluminum powder particles in a traditional mechanical mixing process.
- the composite material includes a carbon-based active material core 1 and an alloyed-based active material layer 2 coated on the surface of the carbon-based active material core 1 and The outer shell layer 3 , the alloyed active material layer 2 is located between the carbon-based active material core 1 and the outer shell layer 3 .
- the composite material provided in the embodiment of the present application includes three layers of materials, namely a carbon-based active material core located in the core, an alloyed active material layer located in the middle, and an outer shell layer located on the outer surface, so that the composite material with a unique structure can be used for negative electrodes Active materials; the materials of the carbon-based active material core and the alloyed active material layer belong to active materials, and the alloyed active material layer is coated on the surface of the carbon-based active material core, which can not only utilize the active properties of the two, but also It can also achieve highly uniform dispersion of different active material phases, thereby effectively alleviating stress concentration, and the outer shell layer not only acts as a mechanical protection for the alloyed active material layer and the carbon-based active material core, but also can isolate the electrolyte. , reducing side reactions, so the composite material with such a unique structure can be used as the negative electrode active material of lithium ion battery to significantly improve its cycle stability performance.
- the carbon-based active material of the carbon-based active material core includes at least one of a graphite-based active material and a non-graphite-based active material.
- Graphite active materials include but are not limited to one or more combinations of natural graphite and artificial graphite
- non-graphite active materials include but are not limited to soft carbon, hard carbon, coke, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), One or more combinations of carbon nanotubes, graphene and activated carbon, etc.
- the particle size of the carbon-based active material core composed of the above-mentioned carbon-based active material material is micro-scale or nano-scale, such as 10-100 nm, or 0.1-100 ⁇ m.
- the alloying-type active material material of the alloying-type active material layer includes aluminum, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, aluminum-copper alloy, copper-tin alloy, aluminum-tin alloy, At least one of aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, tin-nickel alloy and tin-cobalt-nickel alloy.
- the thickness of the alloyed active material layer composed of the above alloyed active material material is 50 nm-10 ⁇ m.
- the composite materials described in the embodiments of the present application include two active materials, a carbon-based active material material and an alloyed-type active material material, wherein the core is a carbon-based active material material, and the intermediate layer of an alloyed-type active material layer is an alloyed-type active material layer.
- Material, the above alloyed active material is coated on the surface of the carbon active material, on the one hand, the capacity of the composite material can be improved when used as a negative electrode, and at the same time, the volume expansion of the alloyed negative electrode can be reduced, and more importantly,
- the alloyed active material and the carbon active material can be highly uniformly distributed, thereby avoiding stress concentration defects caused by uneven dispersion, which can effectively improve the cycle stability of the composite material used as a negative electrode material.
- the shell material of the shell layer includes carbon, zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), tantalum doped At least one of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxygen (LLZTO), lithium aluminum germanium phosphorus (LAGP), lithium phosphate-phosphorus pentasulfide (Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 ) and lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide (Li 2 SP 2 S 5 );
- the outer shell layer is at least one of a carbon-based material coating layer, an oxide coating layer, a nitride coating layer and a solid electrolyte coating layer.
- the material of the oxide cladding layer can be zirconium dioxide
- the material of the nitride cladding layer can be titanium nitride or titanium aluminum nitride
- the material of the solid electrolyte cladding layer can be lithium phosphorus oxynitride, tantalum doped lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Oxygen, Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphorus, Lithium Phosphate-Phosphorus Pentasulfide and Lithium Sulfide-Phosphorus Pentasulfide.
- the outer shell layer can mechanically protect the active substances inside the composite material on the one hand, and can isolate the electrolyte and reduce side reactions on the other hand.
- the thickness of the outer shell layer is 10 nm-200 nm.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a composite material, comprising the following steps:
- the preparation method of the composite material provided in the embodiment of the present application is to prepare a composite material composed of three layers of materials, that is, a carbon-based active material core located in the core, an alloyed active material layer located in the middle, and an outer shell layer located on the outer surface, so that The composite material with the unique structure can be used for the negative electrode active material; the composite material obtained by the preparation method can not only achieve a highly uniform dispersion of different active material phases, thereby effectively alleviating stress concentration, and the outer shell layer can play a role in the alloying active material layer.
- the mechanical protection of carbon-based active material cores can isolate the electrolyte and reduce side reactions. Therefore, the composite material with such a unique structure can be used as the negative electrode active material of lithium-ion batteries to significantly improve its cycle stability.
- the carbon-based active material core may be a granular carbon-based active material material, which may be nano-scale or micro-scale.
- the carbon-based active material core may be a granular carbon-based active material material, which may be nano-scale or micro-scale.
- the step of preparing the alloyed active material layer on the surface of the carbon-based active material core includes: adopting methods including but not limited to vapor deposition, electroplating, chemical plating, hydrothermal synthesis, and microwave synthesis. , any one of the electrophoretic deposition method and the ball milling method, the alloyed active material is coated on the surface of the carbon-based active material core to obtain the alloyed active material layer.
- the vapor deposition method may be physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and the like.
- types of alloyed active material materials please refer to the above description.
- step S03 the step of preparing the outer shell layer on the surface of the alloyed active material layer includes: forming the outer shell layer on the surface of the alloyed active material layer by a method including but not limited to vapor deposition or sintering.
- the shell material of the shell layer is described above.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a negative electrode, comprising a current collector and a negative electrode active layer covering the current collector, the negative electrode active layer comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder, and the negative electrode active material
- a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a negative electrode active layer covering the current collector
- the negative electrode active layer comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder
- the negative electrode active material comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder, and the negative electrode active material
- the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode provided by the embodiment of the present application is the unique composite material of the embodiment of the present application or the unique composite material obtained by the preparation method of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application, and the composite material can realize highly uniform dispersion of different active material phases. , thereby effectively alleviating stress concentration, and isolating the electrolyte, reducing side reactions, so the preparation of such a composite material with a unique structure into an electrode can significantly improve the cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries.
- the negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active layer disposed on the surface of the current collector, and the current collector can be copper foil, aluminum foil, alloy foil, or the like.
- the negative electrode active layer includes a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder.
- the negative electrode active slurry containing the above-mentioned negative electrode active material, conductive agent and binder can be prepared, and then uniformly coated on the above-mentioned current collector, and uniform on the surface of the current collector through processes such as mixing, beating, coating, and rolling. coating, and drying to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
- the binder can be carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex (SBR), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and the conductive agent can be carbon black, carbon nanotubes, SP, the solvent of the negative electrode active slurry can be deionized water or N-methylpyrrolidone.
- SBR carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex
- CMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- the conductive agent can be carbon black, carbon nanotubes, SP
- the solvent of the negative electrode active slurry can be deionized water or N-methylpyrrolidone.
- This embodiment provides a composite material: natural graphite is used as a carbon-based active material core, aluminum is used as an alloyed active material layer, and a carbon material is used as an outer shell layer, wherein the D50 of natural graphite is 12 ⁇ m, and the alloyed active material is Layer thickness is 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the shell layer is 100 nm, and the mass percentage of aluminum is 40%; the composite material is used as the negative electrode active material to prepare a negative electrode, and the specific preparation process is as follows:
- sucrose solution as the precursor, using high temperature carbonization technology to coat the carbon layer on the surface of the graphite particles deposited with the aluminum active material alloyed active material layer prepared above is the outer shell layer.
- concentration of the precursor solution and The carbonization treatment time was controlled, and the thickness of the outer shell layer was controlled to be 100 nm, and the natural graphite/silicon/carbon composite material was obtained as the negative electrode active material.
- the binder is PVDF.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the composite electrode is prepared by mixing natural graphite and aluminum powder particles by a traditional mechanical mixing process, wherein the mass percentage of the aluminum active material is consistent with the three-layer structure design of the above-mentioned Example 1, and is controlled to 40%.
- the mixing uniformity and electrochemical performance of the traditional composite negative electrode and the negative electrode with a three-layer structure design in this example are compared: the scanning electron micrographs of the two negative electrodes are shown in Figure 2, in which the traditional composite negative electrode is dispersed Inhomogeneity, agglomeration of aluminum powder particles occurs (as shown in Figure 2a), while this example has a negative electrode with a three-layer structure design, and the two phases of natural graphite and aluminum show highly uniform dispersion characteristics (as shown in Figure 2b). ).
- the lithium metal sheet is used as the counter electrode, and EC: DEC (volume ratio 1:1) is used as the electrolyte to assemble the half-cell, and the electrochemical performance test is carried out.
- the test results are shown in Figure 3.
- This embodiment has a three-layer structure designed The negative electrode made of the negative electrode active material was cycled for 2000 cycles at a rate of 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate reached 97%, while the negative electrode using the traditional process was cycled for 500 cycles at the same rate, and the capacity retention rate was lower than 80%.
- Example 2-7 The difference between Examples 2-7 and Example 1 is that different carbon-based active materials are used, and others are the same.
- the carbon-based active materials used are respectively: artificial graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, MCMB, coke, and graphene.
- the half-cell electrochemical performance test was carried out on the negative electrode of Example 2-7 under the condition of 0.2 C rate, and compared with Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example carbon active material Cycle performance Capacity retention rate (%) 1 natural graphite 2000 97 2 artificial graphite 2000 96 3 soft carbon 2000 92 4 hard carbon 2000 98 5 MCMB 2000 99 6 coke 2000 90 7 Graphene 2000 98
- Example 8-16 The difference between Examples 8-16 and Example 1 is that the thickness of the aluminum active material as the alloying active material layer is different, and the others are the same.
- the thicknesses of the aluminum active material as the alloying active material layer are: 50 nm, 200 nm, 500 nm, 700 nm, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, half-cell electrochemical performance test was carried out on the negative electrode of Example 8-16, the rate condition was 0.2 C, and compared with Example 1 , the test results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example Alloyed active material layer thickness Cycle performance Capacity retention rate (%) 1 1 ⁇ m 2000 97 8 50nm 2500 98 9 200nm 2500 96 10 500 nm 2500 93 11 700nm 2000 95 12 2 ⁇ m 2000 93 13 3 ⁇ m 1500 98 14 4 ⁇ m 1500 97 15 5 ⁇ m 1000 98 16 6 ⁇ m 1000 91
- the alloyed active material layer is 50 nm-2 ⁇ m, and the cycle stability is better.
- Example 17-30 The difference between Examples 17-30 and Example 1 is that the alloyed active material is different, and the others are the same. Alloying active materials are silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, zinc, aluminum-copper alloy, copper-tin alloy, aluminum-tin alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, tin - Nickel alloy, tin-cobalt-nickel alloy, tin-nickel-carbon alloy, half-cell electrochemical performance test was carried out on the negative electrode of Example 17-30, and the test rate condition was 0.2 C, and compared with Example 1, the test results are shown in Table 3 below.
- Example Alloyed active material Cycle performance Capacity retention rate (%) 1 aluminum 2000 97 17 silicon 2000 95 18 germanium 2000 89 19 tin 2000 87 20 lead 1500 95 twenty one antimony 1500 90 twenty two bismuth 2000 96 twenty three Zinc 2000 98 twenty four Aluminum-copper alloy 2000 93 25 Copper-tin alloy 2000 95 26 Aluminum-tin alloy 2000 95 27 Aluminum-Silicon Alloy 2000 98 28 Aluminum-magnesium alloy 1500 95 29 Tin-nickel alloy 1500 90 30 Tin-Cobalt-Nickel Alloy 1500 94
- Example 31-36 The difference between Examples 31-36 and Example 1 is that different shell layers are used, and others are the same.
- the shell layer materials used are: ZrO 2 , TiN, TiAlN, LiPON, LLZTO, LAGP, Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , the preparation technology of the outer shell layer is prepared by the vapor deposition technology, and the half-cell electrochemical performance test is carried out on the negative electrodes of Examples 31-36 under the condition of 0.2 C rate, and the same as that of Example 1. For comparison, the test results are shown in Table 4 below.
- Positive electrode preparation The positive electrode active material, conductive carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are mixed uniformly according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, and then N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent is added for thorough stirring to obtain Then, the slurry was uniformly coated on the surface of the carbon-coated aluminum foil, and then put into a vacuum oven for drying treatment, the baking temperature was 80 °C, and the baking time was 48 h.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- Example Anode active material Positive active material Cycling performance (laps) Capacity retention rate (%) 39 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Lithium Iron Phosphate 2000 99.9 40 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Lithium cobaltate 2000 98.2 41 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (111) 2000 97.5 42 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (532) 2000 96.2 43 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (622) 2000 92.7 44 natural graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (811) 2000 91.9 45 Artificial graphite/aluminum/carbon Lithium Iron Phosphate 2000 99.8 46 Artificial graphite/aluminum/carbon Lithium cobaltate 2000 99.1 47 Artificial graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (111) 2000 98.8 48 Artificial graphite/aluminum/carbon Ternary positive electrode (532)
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Abstract
Description
实施例 | 碳活性物质 | 循环性能 | 容量保持率(%) |
1 | 天然石墨 | 2000 | 97 |
2 | 人造石墨 | 2000 | 96 |
3 | 软碳 | 2000 | 92 |
4 | 硬碳 | 2000 | 98 |
5 | MCMB | 2000 | 99 |
6 | 焦炭 | 2000 | 90 |
7 | 石墨烯 | 2000 | 98 |
实施例 | 合金化类活性物质层厚度 | 循环性能 | 容量保持率(%) |
1 | 1 μm | 2000 | 97 |
8 | 50 nm | 2500 | 98 |
9 | 200 nm | 2500 | 96 |
10 | 500 nm | 2500 | 93 |
11 | 700 nm | 2000 | 95 |
12 | 2 μm | 2000 | 93 |
13 | 3 μm | 1500 | 98 |
14 | 4 μm | 1500 | 97 |
15 | 5 μm | 1000 | 98 |
16 | 6 μm | 1000 | 91 |
实施例 | 合金化类活性物质材料 | 循环性能 | 容量保持率(%) |
1 | 铝 | 2000 | 97 |
17 | 硅 | 2000 | 95 |
18 | 锗 | 2000 | 89 |
19 | 锡 | 2000 | 87 |
20 | 铅 | 1500 | 95 |
21 | 锑 | 1500 | 90 |
22 | 铋 | 2000 | 96 |
23 | 锌 | 2000 | 98 |
24 | 铝-铜合金 | 2000 | 93 |
25 | 铜-锡合金 | 2000 | 95 |
26 | 铝-锡合金 | 2000 | 95 |
27 | 铝-硅合金 | 2000 | 98 |
28 | 铝-镁合金 | 1500 | 95 |
29 | 锡-镍合金 | 1500 | 90 |
30 | 锡-钴-镍合金 | 1500 | 94 |
实施例 | 不同的外壳层 | 外壳层厚度(nm) | 循环性能 | 容量保持率(%) |
1 | 碳 | 100 | 2000 | 97 |
31 | ZrO2 | 15 | 2000 | 95 |
32 | TiN | 10 | 2000 | 93 |
33 | TiAlN | 10 | 2000 | 95 |
34 | LiPON | 50 | 2000 | 99 |
35 | LLZTO | 50 | 2000 | 98 |
36 | LAGP | 60 | 2000 | 98 |
37 | Li3PO4-P2S5 | 30 | 2000 | 99 |
38 | Li2S-P2S5 | 45 | 2000 | 96 |
实施例 | 负极活性材料 | 正极活性材料 | 循环性能(圈) | 容量保持率(%) |
39 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.9 |
40 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.2 |
41 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 97.5 |
42 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 96.2 |
43 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 92.7 |
44 | 天然石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.9 |
45 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.8 |
46 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 99.1 |
47 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 98.8 |
48 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 97.9 |
49 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 97.3 |
50 | 人造石墨/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.1 |
51 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.4 |
52 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.9 |
53 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 96.7 |
54 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 95.2 |
55 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.7 |
56 | 软碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 93.3 |
57 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.6 |
58 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.5 |
59 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.4 |
60 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.7 |
61 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.3 |
62 | 硬碳/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.7 |
63 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.8 |
64 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 96.6 |
65 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.6 |
66 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 92.5 |
67 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 92.2 |
68 | MCMB/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.4 |
69 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 95.4 |
70 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.1 |
71 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.9 |
72 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.4 |
73 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 94.2 |
74 | 焦炭/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.6 |
75 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.8 |
76 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 94.7 |
77 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 93.4 |
78 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.0 |
79 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 91.8 |
80 | 石墨烯/铝/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.8 |
81 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.2 |
82 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 99.0 |
83 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 98.7 |
84 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.3 |
85 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 92.5 |
86 | 天然石墨/硅/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.8 |
87 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.1 |
88 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.6 |
89 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 96.3 |
90 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 95.9 |
91 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 95.1 |
92 | 天然石墨/锗/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 94.0 |
93 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.6 |
94 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.0 |
95 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 92.7 |
96 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 92.3 |
97 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 91.0 |
98 | 天然石墨/锡/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.2 |
99 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 96.7 |
100 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.4 |
101 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.3 |
102 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.4 |
103 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 92.1 |
104 | 天然石墨/铅/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.5 |
105 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 96.5 |
106 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 96.4 |
107 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.6 |
108 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 91.3 |
109 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 90.3 |
110 | 天然石墨/锑/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.2 |
111 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 97.1 |
112 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.9 |
113 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.2 |
114 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.5 |
115 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 90.6 |
116 | 天然石墨/铋/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.2 |
117 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.2 |
118 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.0 |
119 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 97.9 |
120 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 96.7 |
121 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 94.8 |
122 | 天然石墨/锌/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.7 |
123 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.2 |
124 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 94.3 |
125 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 93.9 |
126 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.5 |
127 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.1 |
128 | 天然石墨/铝-铜/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.2 |
129 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.4 |
130 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.2 |
131 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.6 |
132 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.7 |
133 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.6 |
134 | 天然石墨/铜-锡/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.2 |
135 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.7 |
136 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 94.6 |
137 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 92.3 |
138 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 92.1 |
139 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 91.5 |
140 | 天然石墨/铝-锡/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.1 |
141 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 96.6 |
142 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.6 |
143 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 93.7 |
144 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.0 |
145 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 91.7 |
146 | 天然石墨/铝-硅/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.1 |
147 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.7 |
148 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.3 |
149 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.9 |
150 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 95.4 |
151 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 94.5 |
152 | 天然石墨/铝-镁/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 92.5 |
153 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.1 |
154 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 96.0 |
155 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.8 |
156 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.3 |
157 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.7 |
158 | 天然石墨/锡-镍/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 93.1 |
159 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.4 |
160 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.4 |
161 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 96.6 |
162 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.1 |
163 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.8 |
164 | 天然石墨/锡-钴-镍/碳 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.0 |
165 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.3 |
166 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.0 |
167 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 97.5 |
168 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 97.1 |
169 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 94.7 |
170 | 天然石墨/铝/ ZrO2 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.7 |
171 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.5 |
172 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 98.9 |
173 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 98.1 |
174 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 97.7 |
175 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.6 |
176 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiN | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 92.9 |
177 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.4 |
178 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 94.3 |
179 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 93.6 |
180 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.5 |
181 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.3 |
182 | 天然石墨/铝/ TiAlN | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.4 |
183 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 97.4 |
184 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 96.5 |
185 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 94.4 |
186 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 93.8 |
187 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.0 |
188 | 天然石墨/铝/ LiPON | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 92.1 |
189 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 99.9 |
190 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 99.7 |
191 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 99.3 |
192 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.1 |
193 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.7 |
194 | 天然石墨/铝/ LLZTO | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.6 |
195 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.0 |
196 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.6 |
197 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 96.0 |
198 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.4 |
199 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.3 |
200 | 天然石墨/铝/ LAGP | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 90.2 |
201 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.1 |
202 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 95.9 |
203 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.0 |
204 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 94.0 |
205 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.6 |
206 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li3PO4-P2S5 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 91.5 |
207 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 磷酸铁锂 | 2000 | 98.0 |
208 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 钴酸锂 | 2000 | 97.5 |
209 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 三元正极(111) | 2000 | 95.9 |
210 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 三元正极(532) | 2000 | 95.1 |
211 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 三元正极(622) | 2000 | 93.7 |
212 | 天然石墨/铝/ Li2S-P2S5 | 三元正极(811) | 2000 | 93.0 |
Claims (20)
- 一种复合材料,其特征在于,包括碳类活性物质核和包覆在所述碳类活性物质核表面的合金化类活性物质层和外壳层,所述合金化类活性物质层位于所述碳类活性物质核和所述外壳层之间。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳类活性物质核的碳类活性物质材料包括石墨类活性物质和非石墨类活性物质中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述石墨类活性物质包括天然石墨和人造石墨中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求2所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述非石墨类活性物质包括软碳、硬碳、焦炭、中间相炭微珠、碳纳米管、石墨烯和活性碳中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述合金化类活性物质层的合金化类活性物质材料包括铝、硅、锗、锡、铅、锑、铋、锌、铝铜合金、铜锡合金、铝锡合金、铝硅合金、铝镁合金、锡镍合金和锡钴镍合金中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述外壳层的外壳材料包括碳、二氧化锆、氮化钛、氮化铝钛、锂磷氧氮、钽掺杂锂镧锆氧、锂铝锗磷、磷酸锂-五硫化二磷和硫化锂-五硫化二磷中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述外壳层为碳类材料包覆层、氧化物包覆层、氮化物包覆层和固态电解质包覆层中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳类活性物质核的粒径为微米级或纳米级。
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述合金化类活性物质层的厚度为50nm-10μm;和/或,
- 如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述外壳层的厚度为10 nm-200nm。
- 一种复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:提供碳类活性物质核;在所述碳类活性物质核表面制备合金化类活性物质层;在所述合金化类活性物质层表面制备外壳层。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述碳类活性物质核表面制备合金化类活性物质层的步骤包括:采用气相沉积法、电镀法、化学镀法、水热合成法、微波合成法、电泳沉积法和球磨法中的任意一种,将合金化类活性物质材料包覆在所述碳类活性物质核表面得到所述合金化类活性物质层。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述合金化类活性物质层表面制备外壳层的步骤包括:采用气相沉积法或烧结法在所述合金化类活性物质层表面形成所述外壳层。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳类活性物质核的碳类活性物质材料包括石墨类活性物质和非石墨类活性物质中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求14所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨类活性物质包括天然石墨和人造石墨中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求14所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非石墨类活性物质包括软碳、硬碳、焦炭、中间相炭微珠、碳纳米管、石墨烯和活性碳中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述合金化类活性物质层的合金化类活性物质材料包括铝、硅、锗、锡、铅、锑、铋、锌、铝铜合金、铜锡合金、铝锡合金、铝硅合金、铝镁合金、锡镍合金和锡钴镍合金中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述外壳层的外壳材料包括碳、二氧化锆、氮化钛、氮化铝钛、锂磷氧氮、钽掺杂锂镧锆氧、锂铝锗磷、磷酸锂-五硫化二磷和硫化锂-五硫化二磷中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求11所述的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述外壳层为碳类材料包覆层、氧化物包覆层、氮化物包覆层和固态电解质包覆层中的至少一种。
- 一种负极,包括集流体及覆于所述集流体上的负极活性层,所述负极活性层包括负极活性材料、导电剂和粘结剂,其特征在于,所述负极活性材料为权利要求1-10任一项所述的复合材料或权利要求11-19任一项所述的复合材料的制备方法得到的复合材料。
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