WO2022012566A1 - 拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法 - Google Patents

拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012566A1
WO2022012566A1 PCT/CN2021/106175 CN2021106175W WO2022012566A1 WO 2022012566 A1 WO2022012566 A1 WO 2022012566A1 CN 2021106175 W CN2021106175 W CN 2021106175W WO 2022012566 A1 WO2022012566 A1 WO 2022012566A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zipper
installation
fixing
type wall
board
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PCT/CN2021/106175
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚井祥
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姚井祥
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Publication of WO2022012566A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012566A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F19/00—Other details of constructional parts for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F19/02—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation method for a zipper type wall part, belonging to a construction method for a building wall, in particular to a method for installing a zipper type wall part building material with a zipper groove at a connecting end.
  • connection cracking between parts since any material has the physical properties of thermal expansion and contraction or wet expansion and dry shrinkage, the connection between the stronger part and the part connection gap varies with the weather environment. Small cracks will also appear in the change of the wall, which is especially prominent after the wall is painted.
  • the present invention provides a new installation method for zipper-type wall parts.
  • the invention realizes the effective clamping connection and adhesive connection between the wall parts and other building structures. Combined, improve the connection stability and shock resistance, by setting the process of inserting the decorative strips, the installation of the decorative strips and the process of injecting the adhesive between the wall parts are effectively combined to avoid small cracks and enhance the decorative function.
  • the present invention has been completed.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall part of the present invention includes the preceding preparation step, the first board installation step, the rear N board installation step, and the wall leveling step, and further includes:
  • the locking clip installation process which is preferably set in the first board installation step and the last N board installation steps;
  • the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strip is preferably set in the first board installation step and the next N board installation steps, and/or in the wall flattening step.
  • the installation process of locking clips is innovatively set.
  • the zipper-type wall parts can be combined with the locking clips through their unique zipper grooves to realize the wall parts and building structural columns/walls
  • the body, building beam/roof, and building ground are effectively combined with the adhesive connection, which is more stable and shock resistant than the single adhesive connection.
  • the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strips is innovatively set, and the installation of the decorative strips and the process of injecting the adhesive between the wall parts are effectively combined.
  • the process of inserting and fixing decorative strips can effectively avoid small cracks between parts and parts and between parts and building components with changes in climate and environment. Its decorative function is also incomparable to the process of adding anti-cracking tape.
  • fastening wedge of the same material as the zipper type wall parts, which can effectively prevent the wooden wedges from rotting in a humid environment, and there will be more separation between the wall parts and the building structure.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall installation flow chart of the zipper type wall parts installation method of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the plate matching process in the previous preparation steps of the zipper type wall part installation method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positioning process, the calibration process I, the board top grouting process I, the wedge fixing process I, and the seam grouting process I in the first board installation step of the zipper type wall parts installation method of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 shows the positioning process of the Nth board, the calibration process II, the plate top grout process II, the wedge fixing process II, the leveling process, and the zipper key in the N board installation steps after the installation method of the zipper type wall parts of the present invention Schematic diagram of grouting process and seam grouting process II;
  • Figure 5a) is a schematic diagram of the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strip in the installation method of the zipper type wall parts of the present invention
  • Figure 5b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the single tension structure of the decorative strip in the installation method of the zipper type wall parts of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the process of adding a crack-proof tape to the installation method of the zipper type wall body part of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the process of installing a prefabricated hanging piece in the method for installing a zipper type wall body part of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the locking clip of the zipper type wall component installation method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the locking clip of the zipper type wall component installation method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the locking clip of the zipper type wall component installation method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a zipper block in the prior art.
  • an installation method of a zipper type wall part is provided.
  • a locking clip connection process a special decorative strip covering seam process, a special wedge fastening process and a special mold casting construction column process are used.
  • zipper-type wall components include but are not limited to zipper-type (construction) wall panels, zipper-type (construction) beams/columns, zipper-type (construction) blocks (such as zipper-type hollow blocks, zipper-type solid blocks, etc.) Blocks and zipper-type composite blocks, as shown in Figure 11), zipper-type (construction) floor slabs or zipper-type (construction) shed slabs, zipper-type disposable casting molds, and other zipper-type wall parts, components, etc.
  • the lock slot which is arranged on the side of the wall panel and perpendicular to the board surface, is small in the mouth and large in the inner side (viewed from the vertical side), and the slot with the outer width and the inner narrowness (viewed from the vertical side of the board) is called the lock slot.
  • the hollow cavity has several through holes along the length of the zipper wall parts.
  • the zipper key is used to prepare the zipper wall parts.
  • the special-shaped column set along the large frame of the mold and the inner corner or edge of the baffle is the zipper key.
  • the zipper key can be divided into one-body zipper key (a whole cylinder, which does not need to be connected during use), multi-body zipper key (multiple cylinders, which need to be connected during use), and living zipper key (using the attractive force of a magnet or a screw handle)
  • the zipper key is connected to the large frame or the baffle, and the zipper key can easily separate the large frame and the baffle when the mold is removed) and the non-living zipper key (the large frame and the baffle are disconnected in the middle part or the non-middle part along the length direction of the large frame and the baffle.
  • Frame and baffle, the zipper key is fixed on the separated large frame and baffle with corresponding materials, and the zipper key cannot be separated from the large frame and baffle when removing the mold).
  • the zipper groove in the process of preparing the zipper type wall parts, after removing the mold and removing the zipper key, a groove body of the copy body of the zipper key is left on the tenon of the wall panel, and this groove body is named as the zipper groove.
  • Zipper type wall panels also known as zipper type wall parts
  • the side of the panel ie the bonding surface
  • the side of the panel are provided with two zipper grooves at the corners (one can also be set up according to the performance, quality, standards and other requirements of the wall panel) to form a wide outside and narrow inside, and a small outside and inside.
  • the tenon shall be opposite to each other during construction and installation (if the plate is connected to the pile, column, beam or other wall, the tenon shall be inserted into the tenon groove set in the pile, column, beam and other wall) closely and tightly squeezed.
  • the zipper type building wall panels include: solid panels, hollow panels, lightweight panels, composite panels and multi-layer panels, edge-covered panels, special-shaped panels, wall panels, etc.
  • the living body zipper key wall panel mould is mainly composed of a large frame, a baffle and a living body zipper key.
  • Several small magnets of equal distance are embedded on the side determined by the living body zipper key, and the magnetic force is required to be suitable; if the large frame and baffle are not When using materials that attract magnets, the materials that attract magnets must be pre-embedded at the corresponding points.
  • Another method is to fix several equidistant screws on the side determined by the zipper key. When in use, penetrate the screws through the large frame and the prefabricated connection holes on the baffle, tighten and fix them with nuts, and unscrew the nuts when demoulding. The large bezel and bezel can be easily removed.
  • the non-living zipper key wall panel mold is mainly composed of a large frame, a baffle and a zipper key, in which the zipper key is fixed to the large frame and baffle that have been separated (in the middle part or non-middle part along the length direction) with corresponding materials.
  • the zipper key is fixed to the large frame and baffle that have been separated (in the middle part or non-middle part along the length direction) with corresponding materials.
  • At the inner corners or edges of the broken frame and the baffle there are several fixed connectors on the outside of the broken frame and the baffle to ensure that the broken frame and baffle can be assembled and disconnected at any time. .
  • the living zipper key mold When using the living zipper key mold, according to the appearance, specifications, performance and quality requirements of the building wall panel, select the appropriate specification mold, assemble, correct and fix the defect-free mold on a suitable workbench, and then install the living body zipper key. , if the wall panel is provided with a lock slot, install the lock button, and then fill in the slurry according to the prescribed procedures; (if necessary) or put in thermal insulation materials or other fillers or install hollow pipes or hollow pallets, etc., and then press Prescribed procedures for filling and paving the slurry, the slurry can be made of magnesium cement slurry, sulfur-aluminum cement slurry, ordinary cement slurry or other building materials. After solidification, remove the large frame, baffle or hollow pipe in time , hollow pallets, lock buttons, etc., and finally remove the lock buttons, and carry out maintenance after trimming.
  • the tenons are relatively close, and the relative zipper grooves on the two opposite tenons are smoothed to the bottom of the anti-cracking groove with special slurry.
  • unscrew the nut pull out the correction screw, remove the leveling bar, and then fill the special slurry into the opposite locking groove in batches until it is filled and leveled.
  • the anti-cracking strip is pasted in the opposite anti-cracking strip groove to ensure no cracks.
  • a tenon and groove (external replica of the tenon) is made at the connection of the pile, column, beam or other wall, and the tenon is inserted into the tenon and groove, and the tenon is not tightened.
  • the joint is filled tightly with special slurry, and it is very firm after the slurry is solidified and dried.
  • a tenon groove with the outer opening of the tenon groove slightly larger than the width of the tenon can be made. After inserting the tenon into the tenon groove, use special mortar The material fills the remaining space in the tongue and groove, and it is very strong after the slurry is solidified and dried.
  • a zipper type wall part at least one corner of the part is provided with a wedge-shaped groove, optionally, a gap is also provided at the edge of the wedge-shaped groove, and at least one side of the wedge-shaped groove is provided with one or more , preferably two or more grooves or protrusions.
  • the wedge-shaped grooves are the outer wedge-shaped grooves provided on the edge of the wall parts and the inner wedge-shaped grooves formed by the recesses between the outer wedge-shaped grooves and the side surfaces.
  • a zipper key used in the production of zipper-type wall parts which is a wedge-shaped cylinder, in which two surfaces are perpendicular to each other, called vertical surfaces, and the other surface is called a notch surface, and its zipper key has at least one slot.
  • the mouth surface is provided with one or more, preferably two or more grooves or protrusions.
  • the preparation method of the zipper-type wall parts mainly includes a die method, an extrusion method and a dicing method.
  • the three methods are briefly described below. It can be said that the description of the following three methods should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also prepare zipper-type wall parts according to other existing methods.
  • the mold for assembling the zipper wall parts is mainly composed of a frame, a baffle plate and the zipper key of the present invention, that is, the zipper key is a wedge-shaped cylinder, two surfaces of which are perpendicular to each other, and the other two notch surfaces are in the form of a wedge-shaped cylinder. At least one, preferably two or more grooves or protrusions are provided on the two notch surfaces;
  • the zipper key is fixed on the inner side of the mold.
  • the vertical side of the zipper key is set on the frame.
  • the fixing method can choose fixed connection or movable connection.
  • the movable connection can choose magnet or inner wedge groove.
  • the fixed connection zipper is a non-living zipper key, and the active zipper key is a living zipper key;
  • the slurry is preferably magnesium cement slurry, sulfur-aluminum cement slurry, Slurry made from ordinary cement slurry or other building materials;
  • auxiliary parts including the frame, baffle or hollow tube, hollow support plate, lock button, etc., and finally remove the lock button.
  • the zipper-type wall part of the present invention is produced by the above method, and at least one side of the inner wedge-shaped groove formed between the side surface and the outer wedge-shaped groove, preferably two or more lateral recesses are formed on both sides of the inner wedge-shaped groove. grooves or protrusions.
  • the dicing method mainly includes the following steps:
  • the cutting sub-process of stripping trough which cuts the base material of the zipper-type wall parts out of the stripping trough first, and the strip-shaped residual material falls off naturally from the stripping trough during the cutting process of the stripping trough;
  • the zipper slot shaping sub-process further cuts the zipper slot on the basis of the zipper wall parts base material stripping slot, and the strip-shaped residual material naturally flows outward from the zipper slot during the zipper slot cutting process. fall off.
  • the zipper groove contour scribing sub-process is arranged between the stripping trough scribing sub-process and the zipper groove sizing sub-process, and the contour groove edges and corners used for scribing are arc-shaped; or
  • the rough profile sub-process of the zipper groove is arranged between the cutting sub-process of the stripping tank and the sub-process of forming the zipper groove, and the cross-sectional shape of the rough profile groove for scribing is smaller than that of the zipper groove forming sub-process.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the zipper slot is arranged between the cutting sub-process of the stripping tank and the sub-process of forming the zipper groove, and the cross-sectional shape of the rough profile groove for scribing is smaller than that of the zipper groove forming sub-process.
  • the dicing method mainly includes the following steps:
  • the sub-process of scribing and cutting on the zipper groove which cuts out the upper groove body of the zipper groove of the base material of the zipper wall part first, and the strip-shaped residual material is removed from the upper groove body of the zipper groove during the cutting process of the upper groove body of the zipper groove. fall off;
  • the zipper groove forming sub-process which further cuts the zipper groove on the basis of the upper groove body of the zipper groove of the base material of the zipper wall part, and the strip-shaped residual material falls out from the zipper groove during the cutting of the zipper groove.
  • the above-mentioned zipper-type wall parts are produced by an extrusion method, wherein the extrusion methods mainly include floor-climbing extrusion (moving of the extruder), Akto-type extrusion (extrusion-type fixing) and vacuum extrusion out.
  • the extrusion methods mainly include floor-climbing extrusion (moving of the extruder), Akto-type extrusion (extrusion-type fixing) and vacuum extrusion out.
  • the ground-climbing extrusion generally means that the extruder walks on a fixed pedestal with a length of 60-100m, extrudes and assists the vibration forming of concrete hollow wall parts while moving. It is maintained on the pedestal for a certain period of time, and after being cut at any length by the mobile cutting machine, it is then hoisted, packed and stacked for maintenance.
  • the Aketai extrusion is generally fixed and unsupported by the extruder, and the plate moves with the process line on the forming pallet to complete the maintenance, cutting and hoisting processes.
  • vacuum extrusion generally relies on a large-diameter screw to push the concrete mixture, making it subject to extrusion and shearing, and forming pressure through vacuum suction and die shrinkage, so that the mixture can achieve the purpose of compactness and accurate size.
  • Serialized plates with various cross-sectional shapes can be produced.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall parts of the present invention includes the preceding preparation steps, the first plate installation step, the rear N plate installation steps, and the wall leveling step, and it also includes:
  • the locking clip installation process is preferably set in the first board installation step and the last N board installation steps.
  • the introduction of the locking clip installation process can well solve the technical problem that the materials of the wall parts and the building structure are inconsistent, and cracks often occur in the connection between the two.
  • the previous preparation steps include a construction site cleaning process A1 , a base layer cleaning process A2 , a laying-out process A3 and a plate matching process A4 .
  • the process A1 of cleaning up the construction site that is, before the construction operation, the construction site should be cleaned up, the site should be level, and the construction operation conditions for installing wall parts should be available.
  • the lay-out process A3 is to mark the installation position of each zipper-type wall part 10 and the position of the door and window openings according to the square line of the installation layout diagram. The lay-out should be clear and the position should be accurate, and the next process should be carried out after inspection construction.
  • process A1 for cleaning the construction site the process A2 for cleaning the base layer, and the process A3 for laying out are general processes for building installation, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the plate matching process A4 is the sub-process of making the zipper groove of the zipper-type wall part 10 or the sub-process of filling the top of the hollow zipper-type wall part 10 and making the flat part.
  • the sub-process of making the zipper groove is used for the on-site production of the zipper groove 101 on the connecting surface of the wall part 10 without the zipper groove.
  • zipper grooves 101 are formed on the two connecting sides of the zipper type wall part 10.
  • the panel arrangement process A4 since the width of the building wall is not necessarily a multiple of the width of the zipper type wall part 10, the final A zipper wall part 10 is cut longitudinally at the tail plate, and the zipper groove 101 on one side will be cut off. In order to ensure the connection stability of the zipper wall part 10, the side without the zipper groove 101 needs to be fabricated on site. zipper slot 101.
  • the top-filling and flattening sub-process of the hollow zipper type wall part board is to directly insert the top of the hollow cavity 102 of the hollow zipper type wall part 10 into the construction slurry 103 or functional belt in the plate matching process A4 After smoothing.
  • the first board installation step includes the first board positioning process B1, the calibration process IB2, the board top grouting process IB3, the wedge fixing process IB4 and the slot grouting process IB5.
  • the first board positioning process B1 is to place the zipper-type wall part 10 on one side of the building construction column/building wall 11 and perform preliminary positioning.
  • the calibration process IB2 is to fine-tune the position and angle of the zipper type wall part 10 relative to the building structural column/building wall 11 to accurately position the zipper type wall part 10 .
  • the step IB3 of grouting the top of the board is to inject an appropriate amount of adhesive slurry into the top 104 of the flat and solid zipper-type wall part 10 .
  • the wedge fixing process IB4 is to drive the fastening wedge 12 at the bottom end of the zipper type wall part 10 so that the top 104 of the zipper type wall part 10 is in close contact with the building beam or roof 13, and the excess adhesive paste is removed. extrude.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the structure of the fastening wedge, and those skilled in the art can select according to the actual situation of the zipper type wall parts.
  • the structure of the tightening wedge can be integrally cast with building cementitious materials; the tightening wedge can be made into a short tail wedge consisting of a wedge tip and a wedge tail, or a wedge tip, a wedge body and a wedge tail. Long-tailed wedge; the tip of the wedge is formed by the acute angle formed by the base of the wedge and the slope of the wedge, and the tail of the wedge includes the striking surface.
  • the slot grouting step IB5 is to inject adhesive slurry into the connection gap between the zipper type wall part 10 and the building structural column/building wall 11 and the gap between the zipper type wall part 10 and the ground 14, wherein , the board top grouting process IB3 and/or the slot grouting process IB5 can be replaced with the installation of functional belts.
  • the installation steps of the last N boards include the positioning process C1 of the Nth board, the calibration process IIC2, the plate top slurry injection process IIC3, the wedging and fixing process IIC4, the leveling process C5, and the zipper groove. Grouting process C6 and slot grouting process IIC7.
  • the Nth board positioning process C1 places the zipper-type wall part 10 on one side of the first zipper-type wall part 10 and performs preliminary positioning.
  • the seam grouting process IB5 is the same.
  • the plate top grouting process IIC3 and/or the slot grouting process IIC7 can be replaced by the installation of functional belts.
  • the leveling bar 15 is preferably added to level the flatness of the adjacent zipper-type wall parts 10 .
  • the leveling bar 15 is composed of two strip-shaped bodies 151 arranged symmetrically and a fastening bolt 152 passing through the middle of the strip-shaped body 151 .
  • the leveling process C5 may be performed after at least one zipper type wall component 10 is installed, or the leveling process C5 may be performed after all the zipper type wall components 10 are installed.
  • the wedging and fixing process IIC4 may be performed after the leveling process C5.
  • the zipper groove slurry pouring step C6 is to pour adhesive slurry into the zipper grooves 101 of the connected zipper-type wall parts 10 .
  • the zipper groove grouting process C6 can be replaced with the installation of functional belts.
  • inter-wedge gap grouting can also be performed.
  • the cementing slurry between the wedges can be replaced with the installation of functional belts.
  • the installation method of the present invention further includes that the leveling bar 15 needs to be removed after the installation step of the rear N boards is completed.
  • the wall leveling step includes the optional installation of anti-crack tape process D1, optional door and window opening enhancement process D2, seam and wall surface treatment process D3 and acceptance process D4.
  • the wall leveling step includes a seam and wall surface treatment process D3 and an acceptance process D4.
  • the process D1 of adding the anti-crack tape is to paste the anti-crack tape 16 or inject the anti-crack tape slurry at the joint of the zipper grooves 101 of the two adjacent zipper-type wall parts 10 .
  • the door and window opening reinforcement process D2 is to further reinforce the door and window openings spliced by the zipper-type wall parts 10 .
  • the seam and wall treatment process D3 and the acceptance process D4 are general procedures for building decoration, which will not be repeated.
  • the locking clip installation process includes:
  • the column clamp installation process E1 which is arranged at the front end of the first board positioning process B1; and/or
  • the anti-vibration clip installation process E4 is provided after the Nth board positioning process C1.
  • the locking clip for the zipper type wall component includes at least one of a column clip E11, an anti-vibration clip E41, a beam clip E21 and a floor clip E31.
  • the beam clips E21 and the floor clips E31 have the same structure, and are collectively referred to as beam-to-ground clips.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the structures of the column clamps E11, the anti-seismic clamps E41, the beam clamps E21 and the floor clamps E31, which can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual structure of the zipper-type wall parts.
  • the column clamp is used for the connection, locking and fastening between the zipper-type wall parts and the building column/wall.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder clamp.
  • the column clamp E11 mainly includes the fixed connecting plate assembly E11-1, the inner connecting plate assembly E11-2 and the top fixing screw E11-3;
  • the fixed connecting plate assembly E11-1 is composed of a straight plate E11-1a and a side clip plate IE11-1b and an edge clip plate IIE11-1c fixedly arranged at the left and right ends of the straight plate;
  • the inner connecting plate assembly E11-2 is composed of a fixing plate E11-2a, a locking plate IE11-2b and a locking plate IIE11-2c connected to the left and right ends of the fixing plate, and the inner connecting plate assembly E11-2 is fixedly arranged on the straight line of the fixed connecting plate assembly.
  • plate E11-1a On the inner side of plate E11-1a;
  • the top fixing screws E11-3 are rotatably connected in the threaded holes provided on the side clamp plate IE11-1b and the side clamp plate IIE11-1c to fix the outer side of the straight plate E11-1a on the connecting plate assembly E11-1 and the building column.
  • Body/wall fixed connection, locking plate IE11-2b and locking plate IIE11-2c are fixed by top fixing screws E11-3 and locked on the trapezoidal edge of the zipper groove of the zipper wall parts.
  • the cylinder clamp E11 further includes a rotation shaft.
  • the locking plate I and the locking plate II of the inner connecting plate assembly are hinged to the left and right ends of the fixed plate through the rotating shaft.
  • the column body clip E11 also includes a connecting block.
  • the locking plate I and the locking plate II are hinged through a rotating shaft and a connecting block, and the connecting blocks are fixedly arranged on both ends of the inner side surface of the straight strip.
  • the column clamp E11 mainly includes a fixed connecting plate assembly, a top fixing screw and two inner connecting plate assemblies symmetrically arranged at both ends of the fixed connecting plate assembly;
  • the fixed connecting plate assembly is composed of a straight plate, two connecting plates, a card plate I, a card plate II, and the card plate I and the card plate II are fixedly connected to the two ends of the straight plate through the connecting plate;
  • the inner connecting plate assembly is composed of a locking plate and a plywood fixedly connected to one end of the locking plate.
  • the two inner connecting plate assemblies are clamped on the fixed connecting plate assembly card board I and card plate II through their plywood to realize the connection between the three. Lock the connection.
  • the fastening bolts pass through the through holes set on the lock plate of the inner connecting plate assembly to realize that the locking plate is locked on the trapezoidal edge of the zipper groove of the zipper wall parts, and the straight holes on the connecting plate assembly are fixed.
  • the outer side of the slats is fixedly connected to the building column/wall.
  • the anti-vibration clip E41 is used for connection, locking and fastening between two zipper-type wall parts.
  • the enlarged view of FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the anti-vibration clamp.
  • the anti-vibration clamp E41 mainly includes the splint assembly IE41-1, the splint assembly IIE41-2 and the bolt assembly E41-3, and the splint assembly IE41-1 and the splint assembly IIE41-2 are connected by the bolt assembly E41-3;
  • the splint assembly IE41-1 and the splint assembly IIE41-2 both include a left wing plate E41-1a ⁇ E41-2a and a right wing plate E41-1b ⁇ E41-2b that are fixedly connected together;
  • the shape of the left wing panel E41-1a ⁇ E41-2a and the right wing panel E41-1b ⁇ E41-2b matches the shape of the trapezoidal side of the zipper groove of the zipper wall parts;
  • the left wing plate E41-1a ⁇ E41-2a and the right wing plate E41-1b ⁇ E41-2b are connected in a V shape with an angle of less than 180 degrees and greater than 90 degrees;
  • the plywood assembly IE41-1 and the plywood assembly IIE41-2 are clipped on the trapezoidal edge of the zipper groove of the zipper-type wall parts through its left wing plate E41-1a ⁇ E41-2a and right wing plate E41-1b ⁇ E41-2b to complete the two. Connections between block zip wall components.
  • the anti-vibration clamp E41 for zipper-type wall parts mainly includes a plywood assembly I, a plywood assembly II and a bolt assembly, and the plywood assembly I and the plywood assembly II are connected by a bolt assembly;
  • Both the splint assembly I and the splint assembly II include a left wing plate and a right wing plate that are fixedly connected together;
  • the left wing plate and the right wing plate are in a straight shape with an angle of 180 degrees after being connected;
  • the lateral ends of the left wing plate and the right wing plate are provided with convex tenon strips;
  • the anti-vibration clamp E41 mainly includes a top fixing screw, an I-shaped plate assembly and two inner connecting plate assemblies symmetrically fixed on the left and right ends of the I-shaped plate assembly;
  • the I-shaped plate assembly is composed of a direct connection plate and side plates I and II fixed on the left and right ends of the direct connection plate;
  • the two inner connecting plate assemblies are both composed of a fixing plate and a locking plate I and a locking plate II connected to the left and right ends of the fixing plate, and the inner connecting plate assembly is fixedly arranged on both sides of the direct connecting plate of the I-shaped plate assembly;
  • top fixing screws are rotatably connected to the threaded holes provided at the lateral ends of side plate I and side plate II, and the locking plate I and locking plate II are fixed by the top fixing screws and locked in the trapezoidal shape of the zipper grooves of the two zipper-type wall parts. on the side.
  • the anti-vibration clip E41 further includes a rotating shaft.
  • the locking plate I and the locking plate II are hinged on the left and right ends of the fixed plate through a rotating shaft.
  • the anti-vibration clip E41 also includes a connecting block.
  • the locking plate I and the locking plate II are hinged with the connecting block through the rotating shaft, and the connecting block is fixedly arranged on both ends of the two sides of the direct connecting plate of the I-shaped plate assembly.
  • the enlarged view of FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the beam clip E21.
  • the beam clip E21 is composed of a fixed plate IIE21-1, a lower splint IIE21-2 and a double-ended screw E21-3 fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the lower splint IIE21-2, and the lower splint IIE21-2 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate IIE21-1. middle of lower surface.
  • the fixing plate IIE21-1 is provided with a through hole E21-1a, the lower splint IIE21-2 is clamped between the splint assembly IIE41-1 and the splint assembly IIE41-2 of the anti-vibration clamp E41, and the beam clamp E21 passes through its double plate.
  • the two ends of the head screw E21-3 are respectively inserted into the bolt holes E41-3 made on the clamp plate assembly IE41-1 and the clamp plate assembly IIE41-2 of the anti-vibration clamp E41 to realize the fast connection of the three.
  • the fixed plate IIE21-1 is fixed on the bottom surface of the building beam or roof through its through hole E21-1a by expansion screws.
  • the beam clip E21 is composed of a fixed plate I and a lower splint I whose one end is fixedly connected to each other vertically. Part E41 between the splint assembly IE41-1 and the splint assembly IIE41-2.
  • the fixing plate I is fixed to the bottom surface of the building beam or roof through its through holes by expansion screws. When the wall parts are fastened, the lower splint I of the beam clip E21 is clamped in the connection gap of the wall parts to realize the locking function.
  • the specific process of the column clamp installation process E1 is to install the column clamp E11 between the zipper type wall part 10 and the building structural column or wall 11 , and the column clamp E11 is used for the installation of the column clamp E11.
  • the connection and fixation between the zipper-type wall parts 10 and the building structural columns or the walls 11 are fixed.
  • the beam clamp installation process E2 has a specific process of installing the beam clamp E21 on the building structural beam or the roof 13, and the beam clamp E21 is used for the zipper type wall part 10 and the building beam or The connection between the two canopies 13 is fixed.
  • the specific process of the floor clamp installation process E3 is to install the floor clamp E31 on the building floor 14 , and the floor clamp E31 is used between the zipper type wall part 10 and the building floor 14 . connection is fixed.
  • the specific process of the anti-seismic clip installation process E4 is to install the anti-vibration clip E41 between the two zipper-type wall parts 10 , and the anti-vibration clip E41 is used for two adjacent zipper-type walls.
  • the connection between the body parts 10 is fixed.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall part of the present invention also includes the process of installing a prefabricated hanging piece on the outer surface of the zipper type wall part, which can be set in the previous preparation step. , in or after any process of the first board installation step, the last N board installation steps, and the wall leveling step.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the structure of the hanging piece, and those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual situation.
  • the hanging piece is generally a columnar body made of building cement material, and its cross-sectional shape is a circle or a polygon; the hanging piece is arranged through or not through one side of the zipper-type wall part.
  • the process of installing the prefabricated hanging piece is specifically shown in FIG. 7 , opening a through hole 105 on the zipper type wall part 10 that matches the shape and size of the hanging piece 17 , and then burying the prefabricated hanging piece 17 into the zipper type wall part 10 in the through hole 105.
  • the density of the prefabricated hanging parts 17 is greater than that of the zipper type wall parts 10, and is used for hanging various heavy objects after installing the workpiece.
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall part of the present invention further includes a structural column manufacturing process G1.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 is provided before the first board mounting step.
  • the upper end of the structural column is fixedly connected with the building beam or the roof, and the lower end thereof is connected with the building ground.
  • the structural column can divide the building wall into several adjacent independent areas, and complete the installation and construction of the zipper type wall parts in these independent areas, thereby reducing the width of the building wall and further improving its safety.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 can ensure the stability of the building wall during the installation process or the use process after acceptance. Improve the impact resistance and shock resistance of the wall.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 can adopt a traditional construction method, which includes a sub-process G11 of installing the cast-in-place formwork of the structural column, a sub-process G12 of planting reinforcement and binding, and a sub-process G13 of concrete pouring.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 uses a special dismantling-free mold for casting, and the special mold and the zipper type wall parts are made of the same material. After the wall installation is completed, the zipper type wall parts and the structural column are integrated.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 includes a sub-process G14 of installing a special mold for the structural column, a sub-process G12 of planting reinforcement and binding, and a sub-process G13 of concrete pouring.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall parts of the present invention further includes a pipeline synchronous installation process H1 and/or a pipeline perfecting process H2.
  • the pipeline synchronous installation process H1 is set in the first board installation step B and/or the next N boards installation step C, and the pipeline improvement process H2 is set before the seam and wall surface treatment process D3.
  • the pipeline synchronous installation process H1 is to set up various strong and weak electric pipelines through the hollow cavity in the installation process of the zipper type wall parts.
  • the pipeline improvement process H2 is to lead out various pipelines and install junction boxes on the outer surface of the zipper type wall parts before the wall decoration construction.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall part of the present invention also includes a functional band insertion process I, and the functional band insertion process I is arranged at the front end of the installation step of the rear N boards.
  • the step I of inserting the functional band is to set a functional band at the connection of the two zipper-type wall parts, which is used for the zipper-type wall body to be heat-insulated or sound-insulated or fire-retardant.
  • the process I of inserting the functional tape can enhance the functions of heat insulation, sound insulation or fire and flame retardant between the connection gaps of the zipper-type wall parts.
  • the material of the fixing wedges used in the wedge fixing process IB4 and the wedge fixing process IIC4 of the installation method of the zipper type wall part of the present invention is the same as that of the zipper type wall part. Since the wooden wedge will rot and rot in the wet environment, there will be more separation between the wall parts and the building structure, thereby affecting the connection and fastening strength of the two. Material zipper wall parts.
  • the installation process of the locking clips is innovatively set.
  • the beam/roof and building ground are effectively combined with the adhesive connection, which is more stable and shock resistant than the single adhesive connection.
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall parts of the present invention includes the preceding preparation steps, the first plate installation step, the rear N plate installation steps, and the wall leveling step, and further includes:
  • the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strip is preferably set in the step of installing the first board, the step of installing the next N boards and/or the step of flattening the wall.
  • the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strip is introduced, which can better solve the technical problem that small cracks will appear between the parts and the connection gaps of the parts with the change of the climate environment.
  • the previous preparation steps include a construction site cleaning process A1 , a base layer cleaning process A2 , a wire laying process A3 , and a plate matching process A4 .
  • the first board installation step includes the first board positioning process B1, the calibration process IB2, the board top grouting process IB3, the wedge tightening and fixing process IB4, and the seam grouting process IB5.
  • the installation steps of the last N boards include the positioning process C1 of the Nth board, the calibration process IIC2, the board top grouting process IIC3, the wedge fixing process IIC4, the leveling process C5, the zipper groove grouting process C6, the slot grouting process Material procedure IIC7.
  • the wall leveling step includes optionally a door and window opening enhancement process D2, a seam and wall surface treatment process D3, and an acceptance process D4.
  • the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strip includes a vertical side strip inserting and fixing process F1 , an upper and lower side strip inserting and fixing process F2 , and a middle side strip inserting and fixing process F3 .
  • the vertical side strip insertion and fixing process F1, the upper and lower side strips insertion and fixing process F2, and the middle side strip insertion and fixing process F3 are divided into two installation sequences:
  • Installation sequence 1 the vertical edge strip insertion process F1, the upper and lower edge strip insertion process F2, and the middle edge strip insertion process F3 of the process F of inserting and fixing the decorative strips are arranged at the front end of the acceptance process D4 of the wall leveling step D.
  • Installation sequence 2 the vertical edge inserting and fixing process F1 of the process F of inserting and fixing the decorative strip and the slot grouting process IB5 are carried out at the same time, and/or the upper and lower edge strips are inserted and fixed.
  • the process F2 and the slot grouting process IIC7 are carried out simultaneously.
  • FIG. 5 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the single tensioning structure of the decorative strip, and the decorative strip mainly includes a cover plate F-a and a tenon strip F-b.
  • the tenon strip F-b is fixedly arranged on the cover plate F-a, and the tenon strip F-b is provided with a tension structure.
  • the tensioning structure is a single tensioning structure or a composite tensioning structure.
  • the decorative strip further includes a corner joint, a tenon strip is fixed on the corner joint, and a tension structure is arranged on the tenon strip.
  • the combination of the decorative strip of the present invention with the wall is separated from the traditional mode of chemical adhesive bonding used by the original decorative strip, and the decorative strip adopts a more friendly and environmentally friendly bonding paste with the building wall material. Or the bonding method of the physical tension of the jointing slurry.
  • the tenon strips provided on the decorative strips are inserted into the joints between the wall panels or between the wall panels and beams, columns, and the ground when the wall panel bonding slurry is not cured.
  • the tenon strip and the tension structure made on the decorative strip are fixed and bonded between the wall board or between the wall board and the beam column ground through the jointing slurry.
  • the seam to realize the function of the decorative strip covering and beautifying the connecting seam of the building wall.
  • the tenon strip is provided with a tension structure, which can be set as a single tension structure.
  • the single tension structure includes barbs at the lower end of the tenon strip, several barbs on the tenon strip, the tenon strip is arranged in a trapezoidal shape with an outer width and an inner narrowness, the tenon strip is arranged in an S shape, and the tenon strip is arranged in an S shape.
  • the tenon strip is provided with a tension structure, which can be set to a composite tension structure.
  • the composite tensioning structure is that the barbs at one end of the tenon and the through holes on the tenon are arranged at the same time, a number of barbs and the through holes on the tenon are arranged at the same time, and the trapezoidal-shaped tenon with an outer width and an inner narrow is arranged at the same time. A number of through holes are arranged on the S-shaped tenon strip.
  • the decorative strips mainly include L-shaped internal corner decorative strips I, plane decorative strips, L-shaped internal corner decorative strips II, and L-shaped external corner decorative strips.
  • Its corner joints include L-shaped adapters, T-shaped adapters, T-shaped three-way adapters, four-way adapters, male angle mitered tee adapters, and female angle flat tee adapters. , Internal angle mitered tee adapters, etc.
  • the tenon strip of the L-shaped inner corner decorative strip 1 is arranged in parallel with any side of the cover plate, which is applied to the gap between the wall parts and the beams, columns, and the ground or applied to the wall Covering and beautifying the gap between the flat and inner corners in the 90-degree corner of the part.
  • the tenon strip of the flat decorative strip is arranged along the vertical direction of the cover plate, and it is applied to the horizontal wall between two wall parts or between the wall parts and beams, columns, and the ground. Covering and beautifying gaps.
  • the tenon strip of the L-shaped inner corner decorative strip II is arranged along the direction of the angle bisector of the outer side of the cover plate, which is applied to a 45-degree miter connection in a 90-degree corner of two wall parts Covering and beautifying the corner gap.
  • the tenon strip of the L-shaped external corner decorative strip is arranged along the direction of the angle bisector of the inner side of the cover plate, which is applied to a 45-degree oblique connection in a 90-degree corner of two wall parts. Covering and beautifying corner gaps.
  • connection between the ends of the four kinds of decorative strips adopts a 45-degree angle miter or a 90-degree insert.
  • connection methods connection or 45 degree miter connection on three sides.
  • the decorative strip further includes a decorative panel, and the decorative panel is covered on the outer surface of the cover plate.
  • the decorative panel is clamped on both ends of the cover plate by clips to realize the connection between the decorative panel and the cover plate.
  • the decorative panel is clamped in the slot of the cover plate through the claws, so as to realize the connection between the decorative panel and the cover plate.
  • the L-shaped inner corner decorative strip I, the flat decorative strip, the L-shaped inner corner decorative strip II, and the L-shaped outer corner decorative strip have the same shape of the decorative panel as that of the cover plate.
  • the cover plates of the four decorative strips and the decorative panels are buckled together using the installation methods of single use or integrated installation after buckled or separate installation and then buckled installation.
  • the decorative strip does not include the decorative panel to be used alone, and the cover plate independently completes the covering and beautification of the wall gap.
  • the decorative panel is first buckled on the outer surface of the cover plate, and the decorative panel and the cover plate are integrally cut into various angle structures and installed integrally. Or firstly, cut the cover plate out of each angle structure and install it separately. After the adhesive paste or the pointing paste is cured, the decorative panel is cut out of each angle structure and fastened to the outer surface of the cover plate.
  • the vertical edge strip insertion and fixing process F1 is used for beautifying the gap between the zipper type wall part 10 and the building structural column or wall 11 .
  • the upper and lower side strips inserting and fixing process F2 is used for the beautification of the gap between the zipper type wall part 10 and the building structural beam or roof 13 , and the zipper type wall part 10 and the ground 14 .
  • the middle edge strip insertion and fixing process F3 is used for the beautification of the gap between the two zipper-type wall parts 10 .
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall part of the present invention further includes a process of installing a prefabricated hanging piece, which can be set in any process of the previous preparation step, the first board installation step, the last N board installation step, and the wall leveling step, or Rear.
  • a process of installing a prefabricated hanging piece which can be set in any process of the previous preparation step, the first board installation step, the last N board installation step, and the wall leveling step, or Rear.
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall part of the present invention further includes a structural column manufacturing process G1, the upper end of the structural column is fixedly connected to the building beam or the roof, and the lower end of the structural column is connected to the building ground.
  • the structural column manufacturing process G1 is provided before the first plate mounting step.
  • the above procedure is the same as that of the specific embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall parts also includes a pipeline synchronous installation process H1 and a pipeline improvement process H2, and the pipeline synchronous installation process H1 is set in the first board installation step and the next N boards installation steps.
  • the pipeline improvement process H2 is set before the seam and wall treatment process D3. The above procedure is the same as that of the specific embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the installation method of the zipper type wall part also includes a process I of inserting a functional band, and the process I of inserting the functional band is arranged at the front end of the installation step of the latter N boards.
  • the above procedure is the same as that of the specific embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the material of the fixing wedges used in the wedge fixing process IB4 and the wedge fixing process IIC4 of the installation method of the zipper type wall part of the present invention is the same as that of the zipper type wall part.
  • the above procedure is the same as that of the specific embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the installation method of the zipper-type wall parts innovatively sets the process of inserting and fixing the decorative strips, and further effectively combines the installation of the decorative strips with the process of injecting adhesive between the wall parts.
  • the process of inserting and fixing decorative strips can effectively avoid small cracks and cracks between parts and parts and between parts and building components with the change of climate and environment. Its decorative function It is also incomparable to the process of installing anti-crack belts.

Abstract

一种拉锁式墙体部品(10)的安装方法，包括：前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤(D)，还包括：锁定卡件安装工序，其设置在首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤中；和/或插固装饰条工序(F)，其设置在首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤和/或墙体平整步骤(D)中。通过锁定卡件安装工序，实现墙体部品(10)与其他建筑构造体卡固连接与粘接剂连接有效结合，提高了连接稳固性和抗震性，通过插固装饰条工序(F)，避免出现细小裂纹、裂缝，并增强装饰性功能。

Description

拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，属于一种建筑墙体施工方法，特别涉及一种连接端设置拉锁槽的拉锁式墙体部品建筑材料的安装方法。
背景技术
随着装配式建筑在国内的建筑市场的愈来愈受到青睐，带来了建筑墙体部品材料进一步的技术革新，但上述革新也仅在建筑墙体部品的材料工艺和其外观连接结构这两个方面，拉锁式墙体部品是这个时期的代表作之一。但无论是其他建筑隔墙板或拉锁式墙体部品其在整个安装流程各安装方式上并没有改变，其自连接或与建筑其他结构连接均采用建筑胶凝材料粘接工艺。
原有的建筑墙体材料的建筑胶凝材料粘接工艺在具体装配式建筑的施工中时常出现如下弊端(以拉锁式墙体部品为例)：
(一)虽然拉锁式墙体部品的特殊结构很好的解决了部品与部品之间的连接开裂问题，但墙体部品与建筑结构的材质不一致的属性，在其二者的连接中时常出现开裂的问题，这点在墙体部品与钢结构建筑构件连接柱问题最为突出。
(二)虽然部品与部品之间的连接开裂问题得到解决，但由于任何材料都具有热胀冷缩或湿涨干缩这个物理特性，连接再坚固的部品与部品连接缝隙之间随着气候环境的变化也会出现细小的裂纹，这一点在墙面涂饰后显得尤为突出。
(三)在原有的墙体部品安装施工中，紧固墙体部品与建筑结构之间均采用木质楔子楔紧固定，由于木质楔遇潮湿环境会出现腐烂后在墙体部品与建筑结构之间会出现较多脱离现象，从而影响其二者的连接紧固强度。
(四)由于装配式或混凝土框架结构建筑内部举架高空间大，单一大面积大宽幅墙体部品其整体抗冲击力会大幅下降，影响整个装配式建筑的抗震性能。
因此，亟待研发一种稳固性、抗震性较高，同时能够避免出现裂纹、裂缝和楔子腐烂情况的拉锁式部品的安装方法。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种新的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，本发明通过设置锁定卡件安装工序，实现墙体部品与其他建筑构造体卡固连接与粘接剂连接有效结合，提高连接稳固性和抗震性，通过设置插固装饰条工序，将装饰条的安装与墙体部品之间的注入粘接剂工艺有效结合，避免出现细小裂纹，并增强装饰性功能，从 而完成本发明。
本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法包括前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤，其还包括：
锁定卡件安装工序，其优选设置在首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤中；和/或
插固装饰条工序，其优选设置在首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤、和/或设置在墙体平整步骤中。
本发明提供的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法以及按此方法安装制作的拉锁式墙体部品能够取得的有益效果可汇总如下：
(1)在拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法创新性的设置了锁定卡件安装工序，拉锁式墙体部品通过其特有的拉锁槽结合各锁定卡件可实现墙体部品与建筑构造柱/墙体、建筑梁/棚顶、建筑地面四者卡固连接与粘接剂连接有效结合，比单一粘接剂连接稳固性、抗震性更好。
(2)在拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法创新性的设置了插固装饰条工序，更进一步将装饰条的安装与墙体部品之间的注入粘接剂工艺二者有效结合。插固装饰条工序较原有的加装防裂带工序更能有效避免部品与部品和部品与建筑构件连接缝隙之间随着气候环境的变化也会出现细小的裂纹。其装饰性功能也是加装防裂带工序不能比拟的。
(3)优选使用与拉锁式墙体部品同材质的紧固楔，有效避免木质楔遇潮湿环境会出现腐烂后在墙体部品与建筑结构之间会出现较多脱离现象。
(4)创新性的构造柱制作工序设置，将建筑墙体大宽幅优化分割成若干区域，使得墙体部品的安装不受建筑内部举架高空间大的各种限制，安全性大幅提高。
(5)安装预制吊挂件工序的采用，可有效解决装配式建筑墙体部品大部分为空心化，空心墙体内外的握钉力和吊挂力不明显不能满足要求的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法整体安装流程图；
图2为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法前续准备步骤中配板工序示意图；
图3为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法首块板安装步骤中定位工序、校正工序Ⅰ、板顶端注浆料工序Ⅰ、楔紧固定工序Ⅰ、缝口注浆料工序Ⅰ示意图；
图4为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法后N块板安装步骤中第N块板定位工序、校正工序Ⅱ、板顶端注浆料工序Ⅱ、楔紧固定工序Ⅱ、校平工序、拉锁键注浆料工序、缝口注浆料工序Ⅱ示意图；
[根据细则91更正 06.08.2021]　
图5a）为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法插固装饰条工序示意图；
图5b）为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法装饰条单体拉紧结构剖面示意图；
图6为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法加装防裂带工序示意图；
图7为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法安装预制吊挂件工序示意图；
图8为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法锁定卡件安装工序示意图；
图9为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法锁定卡件安装工序示意图；
图10为本发明拉锁式墙体部品安装方法锁定卡件安装工序示意图；
图11为现有技术中拉锁式砌块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，提供一种拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，在安装和施工过程中采用锁定卡件连接工艺、专用装饰条遮缝工艺、专用楔紧固工艺和专用模具浇筑构造柱工艺。
在本发明中，拉锁式墙体部品包括但不局限于拉锁式(建筑)墙板、拉锁式(建筑)梁/柱、拉锁式(建筑)砌块(例如拉锁式空心砌块、拉锁式实心砌块和拉锁式复合砌块，如图11所示)、拉锁式(建筑)楼板或拉锁式(建筑)棚板、拉锁式一次性浇筑模具、及其它拉锁式墙体部品、构件等。
下述先对本发明中的专业术语和现有技术进行介绍：
锁扣槽，设置于墙板侧面的垂直于板面的口小内大(垂直侧面看)、外宽内窄(垂直一板面看)的插槽，称为锁扣槽。其中包括整锁扣槽(贯穿墙板侧面)和半锁扣槽(未贯穿墙板侧面)。
中空腔，沿拉锁式墙体部品长度方向留有若干个贯通孔洞的部位。
拉锁键，制备拉锁式墙体部品，为做到榫头外大里小、外宽里窄，又便于脱模，沿模具的大边框和挡板的内角或边缘设置的特定形柱体为拉锁键。拉锁键可分为一体拉锁键(一整根柱体，使用时不需要连接)、多体拉锁键(多根柱体，使用时需要连接)、活体拉锁键(利用磁铁的吸引力或螺杆把拉锁键连接在大边框或挡板上，拆模时拉锁键能轻易分离大边框和挡板)和非活体拉锁键(沿大边框和挡板长度方向在其中间部分或非中间部分断开大边框和挡板，将拉锁键用相应材料固定在分断开的大边框和挡板上，拆模时拉锁键不能同大边框和挡板分离)。
拉锁槽，制备拉锁式墙体部品过程中，拆除模具、拿掉拉锁键后就在墙板榫头上留下了拉锁键外复制体的槽体，命此槽体为拉锁槽。
拉锁式墙板(也称为拉锁式墙体部品)，为了有效防止拉锁式墙板粘接处有裂缝产生和有效解决实体连接处产生冷热桥的问题，而在板侧面(即粘接面)的边角处设有两条(根据墙板性能、质量、标准等要求也可设一条)拉锁槽，形成外宽里窄、外大里小的
Figure PCTCN2021106175-appb-000001
形榫头，施工安装时将榫头相对(若板与桩、柱、梁或其它墙体连接 时将榫头穿插进设置在桩、柱、梁及其它墙体的榫槽内)密合并拼挤严实，用专用浆料将相对的榫头的两条拉锁槽抹平至防裂带槽槽底或板面，待浆料凝固干燥后形成
Figure PCTCN2021106175-appb-000002
形的柱体或具有
Figure PCTCN2021106175-appb-000003
形柱体所起到其锁合作用的其它形的柱体象拉锁一样牢固的锁合了连接处，故称此建筑墙板为拉锁式建筑墙板(简称拉锁式板)。拉锁式建筑墙板包括：实心板材类、空心板材类、轻质板材类、复合板材类及多层板材、掩边板材、异形板材、围墙板材等。
(1)拉锁式建筑墙板模具要求
①活体拉锁键墙板模具要求
活体拉锁键墙板模具主要由大边框、挡板和活体拉锁键构成，其中在活体拉锁键确定的侧面上预埋数个等距离的小块磁铁，要求磁力适宜；大边框、挡板如未使用与磁铁相吸的材料时，必须在相应点预埋与磁铁相吸的材料。另种方法是在拉锁键上确定的侧面上固定数个等距离的螺杆，使用时将螺杆穿透大边框、挡板上预制好的连接孔，用螺母加紧固定，脱模时拧下螺母即可轻易拆下大边框和挡板。
②使用非活体拉锁键墙板模具要求
非活体拉锁键墙板模具主要由大边框、挡板和拉锁键构成，其中将拉锁键用相应材料固定在已分断开的大边框和挡板(沿长度方向在其中间部位或非中间部位分断开)的内角或边缘处，分断开的大边框和挡板外侧设有数个固定连接件，用来确保分断开的大边框和挡板能随时组装一体，又能随时分断开。
(2)拉锁式建筑墙板的制作
使用活体拉锁键模具时，根据建筑墙板的外观、规格、性能、质量的要求，选定合适规格的模具，将无缺陷模具组装、校正、固定在适合的工作台上，之后安装活体拉锁键，如墙板设有锁扣槽安装锁扣键，然后按规定程序填铺浆料；(若需要)或投放保温材料或投放其它填充物或安装中空管或安装中空托板等，再按规定程序填铺浆料，浆料可用镁水泥浆料、硫铝水泥浆料、普通水泥浆料或其它建筑材料制成的浆料，凝固定型后，及时拆除大边框、挡板或中空管、中空托板、锁扣键等，最后取下拉锁键，经修整后进行养护。
使用非活体拉锁键模具时，根据建筑墙板的外观、规格、性能、质量的要求，选定合适规格的模具，将无缺陷的分断开的已固定好的拉锁键的大边框及挡板用固定连接件分别组装一体，然后整体组装、校正、固定在适合的工作台上，如墙板设有锁扣槽的安装锁扣键，按规定秩序填铺浆料，(若需要)或投放保温材料或投放其它填充物或安装中空管或安装中空托板等，再按规定程序填铺浆料，凝固定型后随时打开固定连接件，分断开大边框和挡板，拆除分断开后的大边框和挡板及中空管、中空托板、锁扣键等，经修整后进行养护。
(3)拉锁式建筑墙板的使用
墙板与墙板对接时，将榫头相对密合，用专用浆料把两相对榫头上的相对拉锁槽抹平至防裂带槽槽底，若不设防裂带槽时抹平至板面，待初凝后，拧下螺母、抽出校正螺杆、卸下平整杠，再将专用浆料分批次填充入相对的锁扣槽内至充满填平为止。待浆料凝固干燥后形成
Figure PCTCN2021106175-appb-000004
形的柱体或具有
Figure PCTCN2021106175-appb-000005
形柱体所起到其锁合作用的其它形柱体，象拉锁一样锁合了两板并非常牢固，在相对的防裂带槽内粘贴防裂带，更确保无裂缝产生。
墙板与桩、柱、梁或其它墙体连接时将桩、柱、梁或其它墙体连接处制有榫槽(榫头的外复制体)，将榫头穿插进榫槽内，未咬密合处用专用浆料填充严实，待浆料凝固干燥后非常坚固。当板与固定的桩、柱、梁或其它墙体连接又不能从榫槽两头穿插榫头时，可以制成榫槽外口略大于榫头宽处的榫槽，把榫头插入榫槽后用专用浆料充挤满榫槽内剩余的空间，待浆料凝固干燥后非常坚固。
(4)一种拉锁式墙体部品，在部品至少一个边角处设有楔形槽，任选地，在楔形槽的边缘还设有缺口，其楔形槽的至少一个侧面设置有一个或多个，优选两个或两个以上凹槽或凸起。
楔形槽为在墙体部品边缘设置的外楔形槽以及在外楔形槽和侧面之间的凹部形成的内楔形槽。
(5)一种制作拉锁式墙体部品时使用的拉锁键，为一个楔形柱体，其中两个面相互垂直，称为垂直面，另外的面称为槽口面，其拉锁键至少一个槽口面上设有一个或多个，优选两个或两个以上的凹槽或凸起。
(6)拉锁式墙体部品的制备方法主要包括模具方法、挤压方法和划切方法。下面对三种方法进行简单描述，可以说明是下面三种方法的描述不应理解为对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员也可以根据其它现有的方法制备拉锁式墙体部品。
(6-1)利用模具方法制作上述拉锁式墙体部品，主要包括以下步骤：
组装拉锁式墙体部品的制作模具，主要由边框、挡板和本发明上述的拉锁键构成，即该拉锁键为一个楔形柱体，其中两个面相互垂直，另外的两个槽口面中的至少一个，优选两个槽口面上设有两个或两个以上的凹槽或凸起；
模具内侧固定拉锁键，特别地，将拉锁键垂直边设于边框上，固定方式可选择固定连接，也可以选择活动连接，活动连接方式可以选择磁铁或内楔形槽，相应地，固定连接的拉锁键为非活体拉锁键，活动连接的拉锁键为活体拉锁键；
填铺料浆，任选投放保温材料或投放其它填充物，或者安装中空管或安装中空托板等，然后再填铺料浆，料浆优选为镁水泥料浆、硫铝水泥料浆、普通水泥料浆或其它建筑材料原料制成的料浆；
凝固定型后，拆除辅助部件，包括边框、挡板或中空管、中空托板、锁扣键等，最后取下拉锁键。
通过以上方法制作形成本发明的拉锁式墙体部品，在其侧面和外楔形槽之间形成的内楔形槽的至少一侧，优选在内楔形槽的两侧产生两个或两个以上横向凹槽或凸起。
(6-2)利用划切方法制作拉锁式墙体部品，
优选地，该划切方法主要包括以下步骤：
脱料槽划切子工序，其将拉锁式墙体部品基材先行划切出脱料槽，在脱料槽划切过程中条状余料由脱料槽中自然向外脱落；
拉锁槽定型子工序，拉锁槽定型子工序在拉锁式墙体部品基材脱料槽的基础上进一步划切出拉锁槽，在拉锁槽划切过程中条状余料由拉锁槽中向外自然脱落。
其中，还可以包括以下步骤：
任选地拉锁槽轮廓划型子工序，其设置在脱料槽划切子工序与拉锁槽定型子工序之间，用于划出的轮廓槽边角呈圆弧状；或
任选地，拉锁槽轮廓粗型子工序，其设置在脱料槽划切子工序与拉锁槽定型子工序之间，用于划切出的轮廓粗型槽截面形状小于拉锁槽定型子工序划切出的拉锁槽的截面形状。
优选地，该划切方法主要包括以下步骤：
拉锁槽上划切子工序，其将拉锁式墙体部品基材拉锁槽的上槽体先行划切出，在拉锁槽的上槽体划切过程中条状余料由拉锁槽的上槽体中脱落；
拉锁槽定型子工序，其在拉锁式墙体部品基材拉锁槽的上槽体基础上进一步划切出拉锁槽，在拉锁槽划切过程中条状余料由拉锁槽中向外脱落。
(6-3)利用挤压方法制作上述拉锁式墙体部品，其中挤压方法主要包括地爬式挤压(挤压机移动)、阿科太式挤压(挤压式固定)和真空挤出。
其中，地爬式挤压一般是挤压机在长60-100m固定台座上行走，边移动边挤压并辅助震动成型混凝土空心墙体部品。在台座上养护一定时间，经移动切割机在任意长度上切割后，再吊装、打包、堆放养护。
其中，阿科太式挤压一般为挤压机固定不支，板材在成型托板上随工艺流水线移动，完成养护、切割、吊装工序。
其中，真空挤出一般为依靠一根大直径螺杆推动混凝土混合料，使其受到挤压和剪切作用，并经过真空吸和模口收缩形成压力，使混合料达到密实和尺寸准确的目的，可以生产具有多种断面形状的系列化板材。
下面结合附图对本发明的拉锁式墙体部品安装方法的具体实施方式进一步说明，但不做对本发明的限定。
具体实施例一
在图1所示的流程图中，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，包括前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤，其还包括：
锁定卡件安装工序，其优选设置在首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤中。
在该具体实施例一中引入锁定卡件安装工序能够很好的解决墙体部品与建筑结构的材质不一致，在其二者的连接中时常出现开裂的技术问题。
在图1所示的流程图中，前续准备步骤包括清理施工现场工序A1、清理基层工序A2、放线工序A3和配板工序A4。
进一步地，清理施工现场工序A1，即在施工作业前，施工现场应清理干净、场地应平整，并具备安装墙体部品的施工作业条件。
清理基层工序A2，即在施工前，应先清理基层，对需要处理的光滑地面应进行凿毛处理。
放线工序A3，即按安装排板图方线，标出每块拉锁式墙体部品10安装位置、门窗洞口位置，放线应清晰，位置应准确，并应检查无误后在进行下道工序施工。
在此，清理施工现场工序A1、清理基层工序A2、放线工序A3为建筑安装通用工序，这里不具体描述。
配板工序A4为拉锁式墙体部品10的制作拉锁槽子工序或空心拉锁式墙体部品10板顶端填实制平子工序。
进一步地，如图2所示，制作拉锁槽子工序用于无拉锁槽的墙体部品10连接面上的拉锁槽101现场制作。在通常情况下拉锁式墙体部品10的两个连接侧面上制有拉锁槽101，在配板工序A4中由于建筑墙体的宽度不一定是拉锁式墙体部品10宽度的倍数，会对最后一块拉锁式墙体部品10尾板进行纵向切割，其一侧的拉锁槽101会被切除，为了保证拉锁式墙体部品10的连接稳固性，需对其无拉锁槽101的一侧进行现场制作拉锁槽101。
值得注意的是，为了保证拉锁式墙体部品10顶端与建筑梁或棚顶13的连接稳固性。图2所示，空心拉锁式墙体部品板顶端填实制平子工序为在配板工序A4中需直接将空心拉锁式墙体部品10的中空腔102的顶端塞入建筑浆料103或功能带后抹平。
在图1所示的流程图中，首块板安装步骤包括首块板定位工序B1、校正工序ⅠB2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅠB3、楔紧固定工序ⅠB4和缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5。
进一步地，如图3所示，首块板定位工序B1为将拉锁式墙体部品10放置在建筑构 造柱/建筑墙体11的一侧并进行初步定位。
校正工序ⅠB2为微调拉锁式墙体部品10相对于建筑构造柱/建筑墙体11的位置和角度对拉锁式墙体部品10进行准确定位。
板顶端注浆料工序ⅠB3为将制平制实的拉锁式墙体部品10的顶端104注入适量粘接浆料。
楔紧固定工序ⅠB4为在拉锁式墙体部品10的底端打入紧固楔12使拉锁式墙体部品10的顶端104与建筑梁或棚顶13紧密接触后将并多余的粘接浆料挤出。其中，本发明对紧固楔的结构不作具体限制，本领域技术人员根据实际拉链式墙体部品的情况而选择。例如，紧固楔的结构可以为采用建筑用胶凝材料一体浇筑成型；紧固楔可制成由楔尖、楔尾构成的短尾楔，或者制成由楔尖、楔体和楔尾构成长尾楔；楔尖由楔底面和楔上斜面形成的锐角构成，楔尾包括有击打面。
缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5为将拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑构造柱/建筑墙体11之间的连接间隙和拉锁式墙体部品10与地面14之间的间隙注入粘接浆料，其中，板顶端注浆料工序ⅠB3和/或缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5可以替换为安装功能带。
在图1所示的流程图中，后N块板安装步骤包括第N块板定位工序C1、校正工序ⅡC2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅡC3、楔紧固定工序ⅡC4、校平工序C5、拉锁槽注浆料工序C6和缝口注浆料工序ⅡC7。
进一步地，如图4所示，第N块板定位工序C1将拉锁式墙体部品10放置在首块拉锁式墙体部品10的一侧并进行初步定位。校正工序ⅡC2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅡC3、楔紧固定工序ⅡC4、缝口注浆料工序ⅡC7与首块板定位工序B1的校正工序ⅠB2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅠB3、楔紧固定工序ⅠB4、缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5一致。其中板顶端注浆料工序ⅡC3和/或缝口注浆料工序ⅡC7可以替换为安装功能带。
校平工序C5优选采用加装平整杠15对相邻的拉锁式墙体部品10平整度进行校平。平整杠15由对称设置的两块条状体151和贯穿条状体151中部的紧固螺栓152构成。其中可以至少一块拉锁式墙体部品10安装完成后进行校平工序C5，也可以全部拉锁式墙体部品10安装完成后进行校平工序C5。
优选地，为了进一步增强拉锁式部品的牢固性，校平工序C5后还可以进行楔紧固定工序ⅡC4。
拉锁槽注浆料工序C6为在相连接的拉锁式墙体部品10的拉锁槽101中灌注粘接浆料。其中拉锁槽注浆料工序C6可以替换为安装功能带。
优选地，拉锁槽注浆料工序C6之后还可以进行楔间空隙注实浆料。其中楔间空隙注实浆料可以替换为安装功能带。
优选地，当本发明的安装方法还包括在后N块板安装步骤完成之后还需要卸平整 杠15。
在图1所示的流程图中，墙体平整步骤包括任选地加装防裂带工序D1、任选地门窗洞口增强工序D2、缝口及墙面处理工序D3和验收工序D4。
在优选的实施方式中，墙体平整步骤包括缝口及墙面处理工序D3和验收工序D4。
如图6所示，加装防裂带工序D1为在相邻的两块拉锁式墙体部品10板面拉锁槽101的连接处粘贴防裂带16或注入防裂带浆料。
其中，门窗洞口增强工序D2为拉锁式墙体部品10所拼接设置的门窗洞口处进行进一步加固。
缝口及墙面处理工序D3、验收工序D4为建筑装饰通用程序，这一不在赘述。
在图1所示的流程图中，锁定卡件安装工序包括：
柱体卡件安装工序E1，其设置在首块板定位工序B1前端；和/或
梁卡件安装工序E2和/或地卡件安装工序E3，其设置在楔紧固定工序ⅠB4和缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5之间；和/或
抗震卡件安装工序E4，其设置在第N块板定位工序C1之后。
在本发明的另一种优选实施方式中，用于拉锁式墙体部品的锁定卡件包括柱体卡件E11、抗震卡件E41、梁卡件E21和地卡件E31中的至少一者。优选地，梁卡件E21和地卡件E31的结构相同，统称为梁地卡件。本发明对柱体卡件E11、抗震卡件E41、梁卡件E21和地卡件E31的结构不作具体地限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际的拉锁式墙体部品的结构而确定。
其中，柱体卡件用于拉锁式墙体部品与建筑柱体/墙体之间的连接、锁定和紧固。
在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，如图8的放大图为柱体卡件的示意图。柱体卡件E11主要包括固定连板组件E11-1、内连板组件E11-2和顶固螺丝E11-3；
固定连板组件E11-1由直条板E11-1a和固定设置在直条板左右两端的边卡板ⅠE11-1b和边卡板ⅡE11-1c构成；
内连板组件E11-2由固定板E11-2a和连接在固定板左右两端的锁定板ⅠE11-2b和锁定板ⅡE11-2c构成，内连板组件E11-2固定设置在固定连板组件直条板E11-1a的内侧面上；
顶固螺丝E11-3旋转连接在边卡板ⅠE11-1b、边卡板ⅡE11-1c上设置的螺纹孔内，固定连板组件E11-1上的直条板E11-1a的外侧面与建筑柱体/墙体固定连接，锁定板ⅠE11-2b、锁定板ⅡE11-2c由顶固螺丝E11-3顶固并锁定在拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边上。
更优选地，柱体卡件E11还包括旋转轴。其中内连板组件的锁定板I、锁定板II通过该旋转轴铰接在固定板的左右两端。
进一步，柱体卡件E11还包括连接块。其中锁定板I和锁定板II通过旋转轴和连接块铰接，连接块固定设置在直条板内侧面的两端。
在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，柱体卡件E11主要包括固定连板组件、顶固螺丝和对称设置在固定连板组件两端的两个内连板组件；
固定连板组件由直条板、两块连板和卡板Ⅰ、卡板Ⅱ构成，卡板Ⅰ、卡板Ⅱ通过连板固定连接在直条板的两端；
内连板组件由锁板和固定连接在锁板一端的夹板构成，两个内连板组件通过其夹板夹卡在固定连板组件卡板Ⅰ、卡板Ⅱ上以实现其三者之间的锁定连接。
锁板上设置的贯通孔，紧固螺栓穿过内连板组件锁板上设置的贯通孔以实现锁板锁定在拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边上，固定连板组件上的直条板的外侧面与建筑柱体/墙体固定连接。
抗震卡件E41应用于两块拉锁式墙体部品之间的连接、锁定和紧固。
在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，如图10的放大图为抗震卡件的示意图。抗震卡件E41主要包括夹板组件ⅠE41-1、夹板组件ⅡE41-2和螺栓组件E41-3，夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2通过螺栓组件E41-3相连接；
夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2均包括固定连接在一起左翼板E41-1a\E41-2a和右翼板E41-1b\E41-2b；
左翼板E41-1a\E41-2a和右翼板E41-1b\E41-2b的板体形状与拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边的形状相匹配；
左翼板E41-1a\E41-2a和右翼板E41-1b\E41-2b其连接后呈角度为小于180度大于90度的V字形状；
夹板组件ⅠE41-1、夹板组件ⅡE41-2通过其左翼板E41-1a\E41-2a和右翼板E41-1b\E41-2b夹扣在拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边上以完成两块拉锁式墙体部品之间的连接。
在本发明的另一种优选实施方式中，用于拉锁式墙体部品的抗震卡件E41主要包括夹板组件Ⅰ、夹板组件Ⅱ和螺栓组件，夹板组件Ⅰ和夹板组件Ⅱ通过螺栓组件相连接；
夹板组件Ⅰ和夹板组件Ⅱ均包括有固定连接在一起左翼板和右翼板；
左翼板和右翼板其连接后角度为180度设置的平直形状；
左翼板和右翼板的板面横向两端面上制有凸状榫条；
夹板组件Ⅰ、夹板组件Ⅱ通过其左翼板和右翼板两端面上制有凸状榫条夹扣在拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边上以完成两块锁式墙体部品之间的连接。在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，抗震卡件E41主要包括顶固螺丝、工字板组件和对称固定 连接在工字板组件左右两端的两个内连板组件；
工字板组件由直连板和固定设置在直连板左右两端的边板Ⅰ和边板Ⅱ构成；
两个内连板组件均由固定板和连接在固定板左右两端的锁定板Ⅰ和锁定板Ⅱ构成，内连板组件固定设置在工字板组件直连板的两侧面上；
顶固螺丝旋转连接在边板Ⅰ、边板Ⅱ横向两端设置的螺纹孔内，锁定板Ⅰ、锁定板Ⅱ由顶固螺丝顶固并锁定在两块拉锁式墙体部品拉锁凸槽的梯形边上。
更优选地，该抗震卡件E41还包括旋转轴。其中锁定板I、锁定板II通过旋转轴铰接在固定板的左右两端。
进一步，该抗震卡件E41还包括连接块。其中锁定板I、锁定板II通过旋转轴与连接块铰接，连接块固定设置在工字板组件直连板的两侧面的两端。
在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，如图9的放大图为梁卡件E21的示意图。所述梁卡件E21由固定板ⅡE21-1、下夹板ⅡE21-2和固定设置在下夹板ⅡE21-2底端的双头螺杆E21-3构成，下夹板ⅡE21-2固定连接在固定板ⅡE21-1的下表面中部。
所述固定板ⅡE21-1上制有通孔E21-1a，下夹板ⅡE21-2夹卡在抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2之间，梁卡件E21通过其双头螺杆E21-3的两端分别插入抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2上制有的螺栓孔E41-3中以实现其三者的紧固连接。在梁卡件E21的具体应用中固定板ⅡE21-1通过其通孔E21-1a由膨胀螺丝固定在建筑梁或棚顶的底面，抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2在连接、锁定和紧固墙体部品的同时将梁卡件E21的下夹板ⅡE21-2卡固在墙体部品连接缝隙内。所述下夹板ⅡE21-2底端设置的双头螺杆E21-3穿过抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2上的螺栓孔中，以实现锁定功能。
在本发明的一个更优选地实施方式中，所述梁卡件E21由一端相互垂直固定连接的固定板Ⅰ和下夹板Ⅰ构成，固定板Ⅰ上制有通孔，下夹板夹卡在抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2之间。在梁卡件E21具体应用中，固定板Ⅰ通过其通孔由膨胀螺丝固定在建筑梁或棚顶的底面，抗震卡件E41的夹板组件ⅠE41-1和夹板组件ⅡE41-2在连接、锁定和紧固墙体部品的同时将梁卡件E21的下夹板Ⅰ卡固在墙体部品连接缝隙内，以实现锁定功能。
具体地，如图8所示，柱体卡件安装工序E1其具体流程为在拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑构造柱或墙体11之间安装柱体卡件E11，柱体卡件E11用于拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑构造柱或墙体11两者之间的连接固定。
具体地，如图9所示，梁卡件安装工序E2其具体流程为在建筑构造梁或棚顶13上安装梁卡件E21，梁卡件E21用于拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑梁或棚顶13两者之间的连接固定。
具体地，如图9所示，地卡件安装工序E3其具体流程为在建筑地面14上安装地卡件E31，地卡件E31用于拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑地面14两者之间的连接固定。
具体地，如图10所示，抗震卡件安装工序E4其具体流程为在两块拉锁式墙体部品10之间上安装抗震卡件E41，抗震卡件E41用于相邻两块拉锁式墙体部品10之间的连接固定。
由于目前装配式建筑墙体部品大部分为空心化，空心墙体内外的握钉力和吊挂力不明显不能满足要求。为解决上述问题，在图1所示的流程图中，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括有在拉锁式墙体部品外表面安装预制吊挂件工序，其可设置在前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤的任一工序中或后。
其中，本发明对吊挂件的结构不作具体地限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况下进行设置。例如，吊挂件一般为建筑胶凝材料制成的柱状体，其横截面形状为圆形或多边形；所述吊挂件在拉锁式墙体部品上贯穿设置或非贯穿单面设置。
安装预制吊挂件工序具体为图7所示，在拉锁式墙体部品10上开出与制吊挂件17形状大小相匹配的通孔105，后将预制吊挂件17埋设进拉锁式墙体部品10的通孔105中。预制吊挂件17的密度大于拉锁式墙体部品10的密度，用于安装工件后吊挂各种重物。
优选地，在图1所示的流程图中，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括构造柱制作工序G1。
构造柱制作工序G1设置在首块板安装步骤之前。其中构造柱上端与建筑梁或棚顶固定连接，其下端与建筑地面相连接。构造柱可将建筑墙体分成若干相邻独立的区域，在这些独立的区域内分段完成拉锁式墙体部品的安装施工，从而减小建筑墙体的宽幅以进一步提高其安全性。
在具体装配式建筑墙体部品安装过程中，有时建筑室内举架过高或墙面宽幅过大，构造柱制作工序G1能够保证建筑墙体安装过程中或验收后使用过程中的稳固性，提高墙体的抗冲击力和抗震性。
进一步地，构造柱制作工序G1可以采用传统的施工方法，其包括有构造柱现浇模板安装子工序G11、植筋及绑扎子工序G12和混凝土浇筑子工序G13。
或者，构造柱制作工序G1采用专用免拆模具进行浇筑，专用模具与拉锁式墙体部品为同一材质，墙体安装完成后拉锁式墙体部品与构造柱浑然一体。构造柱制作工序G1包括有构造柱专用模具安装子工序G14、植筋及绑扎子工序G12和混凝土浇筑子工序G13。
优选地，在图1所示的流程图中，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括有管 线同步安装工序H1和/或完善管线工序H2。管线同步安装工序H1设置在首块板安装步骤B和/或后N块板安装步骤C之中，完善管线工序H2设置在缝口及墙面处理工序D3之前。
管线同步安装工序H1为在拉锁式墙体部品的安装过程中通过其内中空腔设置各种强弱电管路。
完善管线工序H2为在墙体装饰施工之前在拉锁式墙体部品的外表面将各种管线引出并安装接线盒。
优选地，在图1所示的流程图中，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括有置入功能带工序I，置入功能带工序I设置在后N块板安装步骤的前端。
置入功能带工序I为两块拉锁式墙体部品连接处设置功能带，其用于拉锁式墙体隔热或隔音或防火阻燃。
置入功能带工序I能够起到增强拉锁式墙体部品连接缝隙间的隔热、隔声或防火阻燃功能。
优选地，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法的楔紧固定工序ⅠB4和楔紧固定工序ⅡC4中所使用的固定楔其材质与拉锁式墙体部品材质相同。由于木质楔遇潮湿环境会出现腐烂后在墙体部品与建筑结构之间会出现较多脱离现象，从而影响其二者的连接紧固强度，因此在本发明中优选使用材质相同的固定楔其材质拉锁式墙体部品。
在拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法创新性的设置了锁定卡件安装工序，拉锁式墙体部品通过其特有的拉锁槽结合各锁定卡件可实现墙体部品与建筑构造柱/墙体、建筑梁/棚顶、建筑地面四者卡固连接与粘接剂连接有效结合，比单一粘接剂连接稳固性、抗震性更好。
具体实施例二
本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，包括前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤，还包括：
插固装饰条工序，其优选设置在首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤和/或墙体平整步骤中。
在该具体实施例二中引入插固装饰条工序，能够更好的解决部品与部品连接缝隙之间随着气候环境的变化也会出现细小裂纹的技术问题。
具体地，如图1所示，前续准备步骤包括清理施工现场工序A1、清理基层工序A2、放线工序A3、配板工序A4。
首块板安装步骤包括首块板定位工序B1、校正工序ⅠB2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅠB3、楔紧固定工序ⅠB4、缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5。
后N块板安装步骤包括第N块板定位工序C1、校正工序ⅡC2、板顶端注浆料工序ⅡC3、楔紧固定工序ⅡC4、校平工序C5、拉锁槽注浆料工序C6、缝口注浆料工序ⅡC7。
墙体平整步骤包括任选地门窗洞口增强工序D2、缝口及墙面处理工序D3、验收工序D4。
上述工序与实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
具体地，如图1和图5a)所示，插固装饰条工序其包括有竖边条插固工序F1、上下边条插固工序F2、中边条插固工序F3。竖边条插固工序F1、上下边条插固工序F2、中边条插固工序F3具体分为两种安装顺序：
安装顺序一，插固装饰条工序F的竖边条插固工序F1、上下边条插固工序F2、中边条插固工序F3设置在墙体平整步骤D验收工序D4的前端。
安装顺序二，插固装饰条工序F的竖边条插固工序F1与缝口注浆料工序ⅠB5同时进行，和/或上下边条插固工序F2与缝口注浆料工序ⅡC7同时进行，和/或中边条插固工序F3与拉锁槽注浆料工序C6同时进行。
其中，本发明对装饰条的结构不作具体限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际的拉链式墙体部品的结构而选择。在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，图5b)为装饰条单体拉紧结构剖面示意图，装饰条主要包括遮盖板F-a和榫条F-b。榫条F-b固定设置在遮盖板F-a上，所述榫条F-b上设置有拉紧结构。所述拉紧结构为单体拉紧结构或复合拉紧结构。
优选地，所述装饰条还包括有角接件，所述角接件上固设有榫条，所述榫条上设置有拉紧结构。本发明所述的装饰条其与墙体的结合脱离原有装饰条所采用的化学胶粘剂粘和的传统模式，所述装饰条采用与建筑墙体材料更为亲和与环保的粘接浆料或勾缝浆料物理性拉接的结合方式。
具体地，建筑墙体板砌筑过程中在墙体板粘接浆料未固化时将装饰条上设置的榫条插入墙体板之间或墙体板与梁、柱、地面之间的接缝内，或在墙体板粘接浆料固化后通过勾缝浆料将装饰条上制有的榫条和拉紧结构固定粘接在墙体板之间或墙体板与梁柱地面之间的接缝内，以实现所述装饰条遮盖与美化建筑墙体连接缝的功能。
为增强所述装饰条与墙体板粘接浆料或勾缝浆料的物理拉接强度，榫条上设置有拉紧结构可设置成单体拉紧结构。
具体地，所述单体拉紧结构为榫条下端的倒刺、榫条上的若干倒勾、榫条设置成外宽内窄的梯锥形、榫条设置成S形、榫条上设置有若干通孔、榫条b下端面上设置的若干圆亏小于整圆二分之一的凹齿结构。
进一步为增强所述装饰条与墙体板粘接浆料或勾缝浆料的物理拉接强度，榫条上 设置有拉紧结构可设置成复合拉紧结构。
具体地，所述复合拉紧结构为榫条一端的倒刺与榫条上的通孔同时设置、榫条上的若干倒勾与通孔同时设置、将外宽内窄的梯锥形榫条上设置若干通孔，将S形榫条上设置若干通孔。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中，装饰条主要包括有L形阴角装饰条I、平面装饰条、L形阴角装饰条II、L形阳角装饰条。其角接件包括有L形转接件、T形转接件、T形三通转接件、四通转接件、阳角斜接三通转接件、阴角平接三通转接件、阴角斜接三通转接件等等。
具体地，如图5b)所示，所述L形阴角装饰条I的榫条与遮盖板任一边平行设置，其应用于墙体部品与梁、柱、地面之间缝隙或应用于墙体部品90度转角中平接阴角缝隙的遮盖与美化。
具体地，如图5b)所示，所述平面装饰条的榫条沿遮盖板的垂直方向设置，其应用于两块墙体部品之间或墙体部品与梁、柱、地面之间水平墙面缝隙的遮盖与美化。
具体地，如图5b)所示，所述L形阴角装饰条II的榫条沿遮盖板的外侧面角平分线方向设置，其应用于两块墙体部品90度转角中45度斜接阴角缝隙的遮盖与美化。
具体地，如图5b)所示，所述L形阳角装饰条的榫条沿遮盖板的内侧面角平分线方向设置，其应用于两块墙体部品90度转角中45度斜接阳角缝隙的遮盖与美化。
所述的L形阴角装饰条I，平面装饰条，L形阴角装饰条II和L形阳角装饰条，四种装饰条端头之间的连接采用45度角斜接或90度插接或三边45度斜接三种连接方式。
为增强装饰条的装饰效果，使其与室内外装饰风格保持一致，丰富所述装饰条的表面花纹与图案。所述装饰条还包括有装饰面板，装饰面板覆设在遮盖板的外表面上。
具体地，装饰面板是通过卡头卡箍在遮盖板的两端以实现所述装饰面板与遮盖板的连接。装饰面板是通过卡爪插箍在遮盖板卡槽内，以实现所述装饰面板与遮盖板的连接。
优选地，L形阴角装饰条I、平面装饰条、L形阴角装饰条II，L形阳角装饰条，其装饰面板形状与遮盖板形状相一致。
所述四种装饰条的遮盖板与装饰面板的扣合方式在上述安装方法中采用单独使用或扣合后一体安装或分体安装后扣合的安装方式。
具体地，装饰条不包括装饰面板单独使用，由遮盖板独立完成墙体缝隙的遮盖与美化。装饰条在安装过程中先将装饰面板扣合在遮盖板的外表面上，装饰面板和遮盖板一体裁切各角度结构，一体安装。或先将遮盖板裁切出各角度结构单独安装，待粘接浆料或勾缝浆料固化后，再将装饰面板裁切出各角度结构扣合在遮盖板的外表面上。
进一步的图5所示，竖边条插固工序F1其用于拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑构造柱或墙体11之间缝隙的美化。
上下边条插固工序F2其用于拉锁式墙体部品10与建筑构造梁或棚顶13、拉锁式墙体部品10与地面14之间缝隙的美化。
中边条插固工序F3其用于两块拉锁式墙体部品10之间缝隙的美化。
本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括安装预制吊挂件工序，其可设置在前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤的任一工序中或后。上述工序与实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法在还包括构造柱制作工序G1，构造柱上端与建筑梁或棚顶固定连接，其下端与建筑地面相连接。
具体地图1所示，构造柱制作工序G1设置在首块板安装步骤之前。上述工序与具体实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
具体地图1所示，拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括有管线同步安装工序H1和完善管线工序H2，管线同步安装工序H1设置在首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤之中，完善管线工序H2设置在缝口及墙面处理工序D3之前。上述工序与具体实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
具体地图1所示，拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法还包括有置入功能带工序I，置入功能带工序I设置在后N块板安装步骤的前端。上述工序与具体实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
优选地，本发明拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法的楔紧固定工序ⅠB4和楔紧固定工序ⅡC4中所使用的固定楔其材质与拉锁式墙体部品材质相同。上述工序与具体实施例一的工序相同，这里不在赘述。
在拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法创新性的设置了插固装饰条工序，更进一步将装饰条的安装与墙体部品之间的注入粘接剂工艺二者有效结合。插固装饰条工序较原有的加装防裂带工序更能有效避免部品与部品和部品与建筑构件连接缝隙之间随着气候环境的变化也会出现细小的裂纹、裂缝，其装饰性功能也是加装防裂带工序不能比拟的。
以上是本发明实施例所提供的拉锁式墙体部品安装方法的详细介绍，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制，凡依本发明设计思想所做的任何改变都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，包括前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤，其特征在于，还包括：
    锁定卡件安装工序，该工序优选设置在所述首块板安装步骤和后N块板安装步骤中；和/或
    插固装饰条工序，该工序优选设置在所述首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤和/或墙体平整步骤中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述前续准备步骤包括清理施工现场工序(A1)、清理基层工序(A2)、放线工序(A3)、配板工序(A4)；
    所述首块板安装步骤包括首块板定位工序(B1)、校正工序Ⅰ(B2)、板顶端注浆料工序Ⅰ(B3)、楔紧固定工序Ⅰ(B4)、缝口注浆料工序Ⅰ(B5)；
    所述后N块板安装步骤包括第N块板定位工序(C1)、校正工序Ⅱ(C2)、板顶端注浆料工序Ⅱ(C3)、楔紧固定工序Ⅱ(C4)、校平工序(C5)、拉锁槽注浆料工序(C6)、缝口注浆料工序Ⅱ(C7)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述锁定卡件安装工序包括：
    柱体卡件安装工序(E1)，其设置在首块板安装步骤(B)的首块板定位工序(B1)的前端；和/或
    梁卡件安装工序(E2)和/或地卡件安装工序(E3)，其设置在楔紧固定工序Ⅰ(B4)和缝口注浆料工序Ⅰ(B5)之间；和/或
    抗震卡件安装工序(E4)，其设置在所述第N块板定位工序(C1)之后。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述锁定卡件安装工序对应的所述墙体平整步骤包括任选地加装防裂带工序(D1)、任选地门窗洞口增强工序(D2)、缝口及墙面处理工序(D3)、验收工序(D4)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述插固装饰条工序对应的所述墙体平整步骤包括任选地门窗洞口增强工序(D2)、缝口及墙面处理工序(D3)、验收工序(D4)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述插固装饰条工序包括有竖边条插固工序(F1)、上下边条插固工序(F2)、中边条插固工序(F3)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述竖边条插固工序(F1)、所述上下边条插固工序(F2)、所述中边条插固工序(F3)设置在所述验收工序(D4)的前端；和/或
    所述竖边条插固工序(F1)与所述缝口注浆料工序Ⅰ(B5)同时进行；和/或
    所述上下边条插固工序(F2)与所述缝口注浆料工序Ⅱ(C7)同时进行；和/或
    所述中边条插固工序(F3)与所述拉锁槽注浆料工序(C6)同时进行。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，所述校平工序(C5)，其用于采用加装平整杠(15)对相邻的拉锁式墙体部品(10)平整度进行校平；其中
    所述平整杠(15)由对称设置的两块条状体(151)和贯穿条状体(151)中部的紧固螺栓(152)构成。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    安装预制吊挂件工序，其设置在前续准备步骤、首块板安装步骤、后N块板安装步骤、墙体平整步骤的任一工序中或后。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    构造柱制作工序(G1)，其设置在首块板安装步骤之前。
  11. 根据权利要求4或5所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    管线同步安装工序(H1)，其设置在首块板安装步骤和/或后N块板安装步骤之中；和/或
    完善管线工序(H2)，其设置在缝口及墙面处理工序(D3)之前。
  12. 根据权利要求1至8任一所述的拉锁式墙体部品的安装方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    置入功能带工序(I)，其设置在后N块板安装步骤的前端。
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