WO2022004321A1 - 電波吸収体および電波吸収物品 - Google Patents
電波吸収体および電波吸収物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022004321A1 WO2022004321A1 PCT/JP2021/022033 JP2021022033W WO2022004321A1 WO 2022004321 A1 WO2022004321 A1 WO 2022004321A1 JP 2021022033 W JP2021022033 W JP 2021022033W WO 2022004321 A1 WO2022004321 A1 WO 2022004321A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radio wave
- wave absorber
- magnetic powder
- atom
- powder
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- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical group [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical group [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical group [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPCFMITFBVJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 WUPCFMITFBVJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQGCFBMSYBDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) propane-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 NAQGCFBMSYBDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical group [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUMSTCDLAYQDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC WUMSTCDLAYQDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIRRCMCATRAYJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 1H-triazine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CC1(NC(CC(C1)OC(=O)N1NC(=CC(=N1)C(=O)OC1CC(NC(C1)(C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC1CC(NC(C1)(C)C)(C)C)(C)C)C OIRRCMCATRAYJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBUNLJQRZABWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 HBUNLJQRZABWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAJIOQHUJLPSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)OC2CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C2)=CC(C(=O)OC2CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C2)=C1 HAJIOQHUJLPSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDINTOZPTMFQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C(C)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 FDINTOZPTMFQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/004—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using non-directional dissipative particles, e.g. ferrite powders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0075—Magnetic shielding materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/10—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure
- H01F1/11—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure in the form of particles
- H01F1/113—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure in the form of particles in a bonding agent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
- H01F1/342—Oxides
- H01F1/344—Ferrites, e.g. having a cubic spinel structure (X2+O)(Y23+O3), e.g. magnetite Fe3O4
- H01F1/348—Hexaferrites with decreased hardness or anisotropy, i.e. with increased permeability in the microwave (GHz) range, e.g. having a hexagonal crystallographic structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2265—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/01—Magnetic additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radio wave absorber and a radio wave absorbing article.
- radio wave absorber a material containing magnetic powder is known as a radio wave absorbing material. Further, examples of the radio wave absorber containing the magnetic powder include a radio wave absorber containing the magnetic powder and the binder (see Patent Document 1).
- an in-vehicle radar transmits radio waves, and the transmitted radio waves receive radio waves reflected by an object (pedestrian, vehicle, etc.) to recognize the existence of the object, the distance to the object, and the like. be able to.
- the automatic driving control system of the car automatically brakes and stops the car as needed based on the result of the radar recognizing the object, or with the object. The speed can be controlled automatically to keep the distance.
- the transmission attenuation characteristic can be mentioned. It is desirable to use a radio wave absorber having an absorption peak of transmission attenuation at a frequency to be absorbed from the viewpoint of improving the recognition accuracy of the radar. Also, in various other applications in which a radio wave absorber is used, a radio wave absorber having an absorption peak of transmission attenuation at a frequency to be absorbed is desirable. In this regard, it has been conventionally considered that the transmission attenuation characteristic of a radio wave absorber containing a magnetic powder and a binder can be controlled by the type of the magnetic powder.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-77198 mainly describes fluororesin (see paragraph 0016 of Patent Document 1).
- the present inventor has repeatedly studied the use of aliphatic polyamide, which is said to be a resin having excellent strength and the like.
- the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation may change (that is, the absorption peak position) even if the radio wave absorber contains the same type of magnetic powder.
- a previously unknown phenomenon misalignment can occur
- Such a phenomenon makes it difficult to control the transmission attenuation characteristic of the radio wave absorber.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a radio wave absorber containing magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide, wherein the occurrence of deviation of the absorption peak position of transmission attenuation is suppressed. The purpose.
- One aspect of the present invention is A radio wave absorber containing magnetic powder Further containing aliphatic polyamide, Radio absorption in which the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal of the aliphatic polyamide obtained by measuring the radio wave absorber by the X-ray diffraction method and the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal is 2.60 or less. body, Regarding.
- the magnetic powder can include hexagonal ferrite powder.
- the hexagonal ferrite can have a composition represented by the following formula 1.
- A represents one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca and Pb, and x satisfies 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 8.00.
- the atom represented by A can contain Sr.
- Equation 1 x can satisfy 1.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 8.00.
- Equation 1 x can satisfy 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.50.
- the magnetic powder can contain ⁇ -iron oxide powder.
- the ⁇ -iron oxide can be ⁇ -iron oxide containing one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of aluminum atoms, gallium atoms, indium atoms, titanium atoms and cobalt atoms.
- the strength ratio can be 2.20 or less.
- the aliphatic polyamide may contain one or more aliphatic polyamides selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12 and nylon 66.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a radio wave absorbing article including the above radio wave absorber.
- a radio wave absorber containing magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide and suppressing the occurrence of deviation of the absorption peak position of transmission attenuation. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a radio wave absorbing article containing the above radio wave absorber.
- Radio wave absorber One aspect of the present invention relates to a radio wave absorber containing a magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal of the aliphatic polyamide and the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal obtained by measuring the radio wave absorber by the X-ray diffraction method is 2.60 or less.
- the radio wave absorber has radio wave absorption.
- the "radio wave” means an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 3 terahertz (THz) or less.
- binder means a collection of a plurality of particles.
- the “aggregation” is not limited to the form in which the particles constituting the aggregate are in direct contact with each other, and also includes the form in which a binder or the like is interposed between the particles.
- the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation at a frequency to be absorbed according to the application.
- the radio wave absorber can contribute to improving the recognition control of the radar.
- it is desired that the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation at a frequency to be absorbed in order to improve the recognition accuracy of the radar.
- the present inventor has made the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) between the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal of the aliphatic polyamide and the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal to be 2.60 or less. For example, it has been newly found that by adjusting the manufacturing conditions of the radio wave absorber as described later, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation in the radio wave absorber containing the magnetic powder and the aliphatic polyamide.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal of the aliphatic polyamide and the diffraction intensity ⁇ of the ⁇ crystal is determined by measuring the radio wave absorber by the X-ray diffraction method. It is a value, and more specifically, it is a value obtained by measuring using the following conditions by the X-ray diffraction method.
- Measuring method 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan
- the above conditions are set values in the X-ray diffractometer.
- the X-ray diffractometer a known device can be used.
- a SmartLab manufactured by Rigaku Corporation can be mentioned.
- the sample to be measured is a sample cut out from the radio wave absorber to be measured, and the size and shape thereof are not limited.
- An X-ray diffraction spectrum can be obtained by irradiating an arbitrary surface of a sample with X-rays and performing measurement.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of ⁇ and ⁇ thus obtained is defined as the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- the above radio wave absorber contains an aliphatic polyamide.
- the diffraction intensity ⁇ obtained by the above method is a diffraction intensity derived from an aliphatic polyamide existing as an ⁇ crystal in the radio wave absorber, and the diffraction intensity ⁇ obtained by the above method exists as a ⁇ crystal in the radio wave absorber. Diffraction intensity derived from aliphatic polyamide. Therefore, the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is a value that can be an index of the presence state of the aliphatic polyamide in the radio wave absorber.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is a value that can be an index of the abundance ratio of the aliphatic polyamide existing as an ⁇ crystal and the aliphatic polyamide existing as a ⁇ crystal.
- transmission attenuation is that two kinds of crystals having different hydrogen bond formation states are contained in the radio wave absorber at an abundance ratio in which the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is 2.60 or less. The present inventor thinks that it leads to the suppression of the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is 2.60 or less by controlling the manufacturing conditions of the radio wave absorber so as to reduce the abundance ratio of ⁇ crystals and / or increase the abundance ratio of ⁇ crystals. Can be. This point will be further described later.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is 2.60 or less, and is preferably 2.50 or less from the viewpoint of further suppressing the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation. It is more preferable in the order of 2.20 or less, 1.50 or less, and 0.50 or less. Further, the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) can be, for example, 0.10 or more, 0.20 or more, or 0.30 or more, or can be lower than the value exemplified here.
- the radio wave absorber contains an aliphatic polyamide.
- Polyamide is a resin containing a plurality of amide bonds, and the resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- Aliphatic polyamide is a polyamide having an aliphatic skeleton.
- lactam unit refers to a polymerized or polycondensed lactam
- aminocarboxylic acid unit refers to a polymerized or polycondensed aminocarboxylic acid
- lactam constituting the lactam unit examples include butyloractam, pivalolactam, ⁇ -caprolactam, caprolactam, enantractam, undecanolactam, laurolactam (dodecanolactam) and the like. Among them, as the lactam constituting the lactam unit, ⁇ -caprolactam and laurolactam are preferable, and ⁇ -caprolactam is more preferable.
- aminocarboxylic acid constituting the aminocarboxylic acid unit examples include ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acid and ⁇ , ⁇ -amino acids, which are compounds in which lactam is opened.
- aminocarboxylic acid constituting the aminocarboxylic acid unit a linear saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid having 4 to 14 carbon atoms in which the ⁇ position is substituted with an amino group is preferable.
- aminocarboxylic acids include 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid and the like.
- An aliphatic polyamide containing one or more selected from the group consisting of lactam units and aminocarboxylic acid units includes one or more lactam units and one or more aminocarboxylic acid units, and one or more lactam units. It may be either one containing no aminocarboxylic acid unit or one containing one or more aminocarboxylic acid units and not containing a lactam unit.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit refers to a polymerized or polycondensed aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
- aliphatic diamine unit refers to a polymerized or polycondensed aliphatic diamine
- Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid constituting the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit include linear saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 or more and 20 or less carbon atoms.
- Examples of the linear saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 3 or more and 20 or less carbon atoms include malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and tetradecanedi. Examples thereof include acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, eicosandioic acid and diglycolic acid.
- the linear saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid can have 6 or more carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the linear saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 or more carbon atoms include adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and eicosandioic acid. ..
- Examples of the aliphatic diamine constituting the aliphatic diamine unit include linear saturated aliphatic diamines having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the linear saturated aliphatic diamine having 2 or more and 20 or less carbon atoms include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, and decamethylene. Examples thereof include diamine, undecamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, and tridecamethylenediamine.
- the aliphatic polyamide may further contain a unit derived from a trivalent or higher polyvalent aliphatic amine.
- the trivalent or higher-valent polyphatic amine include bishexamethylenetriamine and the like.
- the aliphatic polyamide containing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit and an aliphatic diamine unit can contain one or more kinds of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units and one or more kinds of aminocarboxylic acid units.
- Aliphatic polyamides can be broadly divided into those containing and not containing skeletons other than aliphatic skeletons (for example, aromatic skeletons).
- the aliphatic polyamide can be a polyamide containing an aliphatic skeleton and containing no skeleton other than the aliphatic skeleton.
- the aliphatic skeleton can be a linear aliphatic skeleton.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the aliphatic polyamide is preferably 1000 or more and 100,000 or less, and more preferably 10,000 or more and 50,000 or less.
- the fact that the weight average molecular weight Mw of the aliphatic polyamide contained in the radio wave absorber is in the above range means that the mechanical properties, particularly the water absorption rigidity, the thermal rigidity, the fluidity, the tensile strength when the molded product is formed, and the water absorption state. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the flexural modulus and long-term heat resistance of the material.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw can be measured by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- aliphatic polyamide examples include nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 8, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66, nylon 69, nylon 610, nylon 611, nylon 612, and the like.
- Nylon is a general term for aliphatic polyamides.
- the radio wave absorber may contain only one type of aliphatic polyamide, or may contain two or more types.
- the volume filling factor of the aliphatic polyamide in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited, and is preferably, for example, 30% by volume or more, more preferably 50% by volume or more and 92% by volume or less, and 65% by volume or more and 85% by volume. It is more preferably less than or equal to the volume.
- the volume filling factor means the total volume filling factor of two or more kinds of aliphatic polyamides. This point is the same for the volume filling rate for other components. The method for measuring the volume filling factor will be described later.
- the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber examples include powders of various magnetic materials such as ferrite, iron oxide, cobalt, and chromium oxide.
- the radio wave absorber may contain only one kind of magnetic powder, or may contain two or more kinds of magnetic powder in an arbitrary ratio.
- the magnetic powder is preferably one or more magnetic powders selected from the group consisting of hexagonal ferrite powders and ⁇ -iron oxide powders.
- the type of magnetic material that constitutes the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber is confirmed by taking out the magnetic powder from the radio wave absorber by a known method and analyzing the taken out magnetic powder by the X-ray diffractometry. can do.
- the radio wave absorber is chopped into small pieces, soaked in a solvent (for example, hexafluoroisopropanol) for 1 to 2 days, and then dried.
- the dried radio wave absorber is further finely ground and analyzed by X-ray diffraction method.
- the "hexagonal ferrite powder” refers to a magnetic powder in which a hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure is detected as the main phase by analysis performed by an X-ray diffraction method. do.
- the main phase refers to a structure to which the highest intensity diffraction peak belongs in the X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the X-ray diffraction method. For example, when the highest intensity diffraction peak is attributed to the hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure in the X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the X-ray diffraction method, it is determined that the hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure is detected as the main phase. It shall be.
- the hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure contains at least iron atoms, divalent metal atoms and oxygen atoms as constituent atoms.
- the divalent metal atom is a metal atom that can be a divalent cation as an ion, and examples thereof include an alkaline earth metal atom such as a strontium atom, a barium atom, and a calcium atom, and a lead atom.
- the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder means that the main divalent metal atom contained in this powder is strontium atom, and the hexagonal barium ferrite powder is this.
- the main divalent metal atom contained in the powder is barium atom.
- the main divalent metal atom is a divalent metal atom that occupies the largest amount on an atomic% basis among the divalent metal atoms contained in this powder.
- rare earth atoms are not included in the above divalent metal atoms.
- the "rare earth atom" in the present invention and the present specification is selected from the group consisting of a scandium atom (Sc), a yttrium atom (Y), and a lanthanoid atom.
- the lanthanoid atoms are lanthanum atom (La), cerium atom (Ce), placeodium atom (Pr), neodymium atom (Nd), promethium atom (Pm), samarium atom (Sm), uropyum atom (Eu), gadrinium atom (Gd). ), Terbium atom (Tb), dysprosium atom (Dy), formium atom (Ho), erbium atom (Er), thulium atom (Tm), ytterbium atom (Yb), and lutethium atom (Lu). ..
- hexagonal ferrite powder as the hexagonal ferrite constituting the powder, one or more selected from the group consisting of hexagonal strontium ferrite, hexagonal barium ferrite, hexagonal calcium ferrite and hexagonal lead ferrite shall be mentioned. Can be done. From the viewpoint of radio wave absorption in the high frequency band, one or more selected from the group consisting of hexagonal strontium ferrite, hexagonal barium ferrite and hexagonal calcium ferrite is preferable, and hexagonal strontium ferrite and / or hexagonal barium ferrite is preferable. Is more preferable, and hexagonal strontium ferrite is further preferable.
- the hexagonal ferrite powder contained in the radio wave absorber can be a magnetoplumbite type (generally referred to as “M type”) hexagonal ferrite powder.
- the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite has a composition represented by the composition formula: AFe 12 O 19 when it does not contain an atom that replaces iron.
- A can represent one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca and Pb, and includes a form in which two or more of these atoms are contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- a substituted magnesiumplumpite-type hexagonal ferrite in which a part of the iron atom of the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite is replaced with an aluminum atom can be mentioned.
- a hexagonal ferrite having a composition represented by the following formula 1 can be mentioned.
- A represents one or more kinds of atoms (hereinafter, also referred to as "A atom") selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca and Pb, and may be only one kind.
- the seeds or more may be contained in an arbitrary ratio, and from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the composition among the particles constituting the powder, only one kind is preferable.
- a in Equation 1 is preferably one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba and Ca, and is selected from the group consisting of Sr and Ba. It is more preferably one or more kinds of atoms, further preferably containing Sr, and even more preferably Sr.
- Equation 1 x satisfies 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 8.00.
- x can satisfy 1.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 8.00.
- x is preferably 1.50 or more, more preferably 1.50 or more, further preferably 2.00 or more, and more than 2.00. Is more preferable.
- x is 8.00 or less, preferably less than 8.00, more preferably 6.00 or less, and even more preferably less than 6.00.
- the method described in Examples described later can be mentioned.
- energy dispersive X-ray analysis is performed on the exposed cross section to confirm the composition of the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber. You can also.
- x can satisfy 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.50.
- x is 0.50 or more from the viewpoint of radio wave absorption performance in a high frequency band in the range of 35.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz, preferably 45.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz, more preferably 55.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz. It can be more than 0.80, preferably more than 0.80.
- x is preferably less than 1.50, more preferably 1.20 or less.
- Specific examples of the magnetoplumbite-type substituted hexagonal ferrite represented by the formula 1 in which x satisfies 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.50 are the compositions shown in Table 1 below. Can be mentioned as a substituted hexagonal strontium ferrite having.
- the substituted hexagonal ferrite powder can have a single phase crystal phase or can include a plurality of crystal phases, preferably the crystal phase is a single phase, and the crystal phase is It is more preferable that the powder is a single-phase magnetoplobite-type substituted hexagonal ferrite powder.
- the crystal phase is a single phase
- the crystal phase means that only one kind of diffraction pattern showing an arbitrary crystal structure is observed in the analysis performed by the X-ray diffraction method.
- the X-ray diffraction method can be analyzed by the method described in Examples described later.
- a database of the International Center for Diffraction Data can be referred to.
- ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
- a magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite containing Sr refers to "00-033-1340" of the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD).
- ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
- Examples of the method for producing hexagonal ferrite powder include a solid phase method and a liquid phase method.
- the solid phase method is a method for producing hexagonal ferrite powder by firing a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of solid raw materials.
- the liquid phase method includes a step of using a solution.
- one form of the method for producing hexagonal ferrite powder by the liquid phase method and one form of the method for producing hexagonal ferrite powder by the solid phase method will be described.
- the manufacturing method thereof is not limited to the following form.
- Liquid phase method One form of the liquid phase method is Precipitate from a solution containing an iron atom, one or more atoms (A atom) selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca and Pb, and one or more substitution atoms that optionally replace the iron atom.
- each step will be described in detail.
- a precursor of hexagonal ferrite can be obtained as a precipitate.
- a hexagonal ferrite powder containing an aluminum atom as a substitution atom that replaces a part of an iron atom, an iron atom, an A atom, and an aluminum atom can be mixed in a solution.
- the precipitate obtained in step 1 is iron hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, a composite hydroxide of an iron atom, an aluminum atom, and an A atom, and the like.
- the solution for obtaining the precipitate in step 1 is preferably a solution containing at least water, and more preferably an aqueous solution.
- a precipitate can be produced by mixing an aqueous solution containing various atoms (hereinafter, also referred to as “raw material aqueous solution”) and an alkaline aqueous solution.
- step 1 can include a step of solid-liquid separation of the precipitate.
- the raw material aqueous solution can be, for example, an aqueous solution containing an Fe salt, an Al salt and a salt of an A atom.
- These salts can be, for example, water-soluble inorganic acid salts such as nitrates, sulfates and chlorides.
- Specific examples of the Fe salts, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate [FeCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O], iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate [Fe (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O ] and the like can be mentioned Be done.
- Al salt aluminum hexahydrate [AlCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O] chloride, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate [Al (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O ] and the like.
- the salt of the A atom can be one or more selected from the group consisting of Sr salt, Ba salt, Ca salt and Pb salt.
- Sr salt strontium chloride hexahydrate [SrCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O], strontium nitrate [Sr (NO 3) 2], strontium acetate hemihydrate [Sr (CH 3 COO) 2 -0.5H 2 O] and the like.
- Ba salt barium chloride dihydrate [BaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O], barium nitrate [Ba (NO 3) 2], barium acetate [(CH 3 COO) 2 Ba] and the like.
- Ca salt is calcium chloride dihydrate [CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O], calcium nitrate tetrahydrate [Ca (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ], calcium acetate monohydrate [( CH 3 COO) 2 Ca ⁇ H 2 O] and the like.
- Pb salt include lead (II) chloride [PbCl 2 ], lead (II) nitrate [Pb (NO 3 ) 2 ] and the like.
- Pb salt include lead (II) chloride [PbCl 2 ], lead (II) nitrate [Pb (NO 3 ) 2 ] and the like.
- Pb salt include lead (II) chloride [PbCl 2 ], lead (II) nitrate [Pb (NO
- the alkaline aqueous solution examples include a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution can be, for example, 0.1 mol / L to 10 mol / L.
- the type and concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution are not limited to the above examples as long as a precipitate can be produced.
- the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution may be simply mixed.
- the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution may be mixed in their entirety at one time, or the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution may be gradually mixed. Further, it may be mixed while gradually adding the other to either the raw material aqueous solution or the alkaline aqueous solution.
- the method of mixing the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of mixing by stirring.
- the stirring means is not particularly limited, and general stirring means can be used.
- the stirring time may be set to a time during which a precipitate can be formed, and can be appropriately set according to the composition of the raw material aqueous solution, the type of stirring means used, and the like.
- the temperature (liquid temperature) when the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution are mixed is preferably 100 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of preventing bumping, and 95 ° C. from the viewpoint of satisfactorily advancing the precipitation reaction. It is more preferably 15 ° C. or higher and 92 ° C. or lower.
- a general heating device, cooling device, or the like can be used as a means for adjusting the temperature.
- the pH of the aqueous solution obtained by mixing the raw material aqueous solution and the alkaline aqueous solution at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is preferably in the range of 5 to 13, preferably in the range of 6 to 12, from the viewpoint of making it easier to obtain a precipitate, for example. Is more preferable.
- the method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include decantation, centrifugation, and filtration (suction filtration, pressure filtration, etc.).
- the conditions for centrifugation are not particularly limited, and for example, centrifugation can be performed for 3 to 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm (revolutions per minute) or higher. Further, the centrifugation may be performed a plurality of times.
- Step 2 is a step of calcining the precipitate obtained in step 1.
- the precursor of hexagonal ferrite can be converted to hexagonal ferrite by calcining the precipitate obtained in step 1.
- Firing can be performed using a heating device.
- the heating device is not particularly limited, and a known heating device such as an electric furnace, a firing device manufactured according to a production line, or the like can be used. Firing can be performed, for example, in an atmospheric atmosphere.
- the firing temperature and firing time may be set within a range in which the precursor of hexagonal ferrite can be converted to hexagonal ferrite.
- the firing temperature is, for example, preferably 900 ° C. or higher, more preferably 900 ° C.
- the firing time is preferably in the range of, for example, 1 hour to 10 hours, and more preferably in the range of 2 hours to 6 hours.
- the precipitate obtained in step 1 can be dried before firing.
- the drying means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dryer such as an oven.
- the drying temperature is preferably in the range of, for example, 50 ° C to 200 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 70 ° C to 150 ° C.
- the drying time is preferably in the range of, for example, 2 hours to 50 hours, and more preferably in the range of 5 hours to 30 hours.
- the above-mentioned firing temperature and drying temperature can be the internal atmospheric temperature of the apparatus for firing or drying.
- the fired body obtained in the above step 2 can be a massive fired body or a powder-shaped fired body in which the precursor of hexagonal ferrite is converted to show the crystal structure of hexagonal ferrite. Further, it is also possible to carry out a step of crushing the fired body.
- the crushing can be performed by a known crushing means such as a mortar and pestle, a crusher (cutter mill, ball mill, bead mill, roller mill, jet mill, hammer mill, attritor, etc.).
- the particle size of the medium is preferably in the range of, for example, 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, and preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm. More preferred.
- Media diameter means, in the case of spherical media, the arithmetic mean of the diameters of a plurality of randomly selected media (eg, beads).
- a plurality of randomly selected images obtained from observation images of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the material of the media include glass, alumina, steel, zirconia, and ceramics.
- the crushing conditions can be determined according to the amount of the calcined body to be crushed, the scale of the cutter mill to be used, and the like. For example, in one form, the rotation speed of the cutter mill can be about 5000 to 25000 rpm.
- Solid-state method examples of the solid raw material used in the solid-state method include a compound of an iron atom and a compound of an A atom. Compounds can be mentioned. These compounds can be oxides, carbonates and the like. The A atom and the substituted atom are as described above.
- the mixing ratio of the plurality of solid raw materials may be determined according to the desired hexagonal ferrite composition.
- a raw material mixture can be obtained by mixing a plurality of solid raw materials at the same time or sequentially mixing them in any order and stirring them. The stirring of the solid raw material can be performed by a commercially available stirring device or a stirring device having a known configuration.
- the rotation speed during stirring can be in the range of 300 to 3000 rpm, and the stirring time can be in the range of 10 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the rotation speed and the stirring time at the time of stirring may be set according to the configuration of the stirring device to be used, and are not limited to the range exemplified above.
- mixing and / or stirring of solid raw materials is not limited to being performed under dry conditions. It is also possible to add a solvent such as water under wet conditions and mix and / or stir in a slurry state.
- the above mixing and stirring can be performed, for example, in an air atmosphere at room temperature.
- room temperature means a temperature in the range of 20 to 27 ° C. unless otherwise specified.
- the obtained raw material mixture can be calcined.
- the crystallization of the raw material mixture can be promoted, whereby the crystal structure of hexagonal ferrite can be formed.
- the firing temperature can be in the range of 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C.
- the firing temperature can be, for example, the atmospheric temperature inside the apparatus in which the firing is performed (for example, the temperature inside the heating furnace).
- the firing time can be in the range of 1 hour to 6 hours.
- firing may be performed under conditions that can form a crystal structure of hexagonal ferrite. Firing can be performed, for example, in an atmospheric atmosphere.
- the flux can be used various fluxes, for example, SrCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, MgCl 2, KCl, NaCl, BaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Na 2 B 4 O 7 And so on.
- the amount added is, for example, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 8.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the powder of the raw material mixture.
- the raw material mixture before firing can be subjected to the crushing step, and / or the fired product after firing can be subjected to the crushing step.
- the crushing can be performed by a known crushing means such as a mortar and pestle, a crusher (cutter mill, ball mill, bead mill, roller mill, jet mill, hammer mill, attritor, etc.).
- hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the solid phase method and the hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the liquid phase method can be easily distinguished.
- hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the liquid phase method is usually a particle constituting the powder by SEM-EDX analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) due to the production method. Precipitates of alkali metal salts can be confirmed on the surface of the.
- FE-SEM Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope
- the hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the solid phase method and the hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the liquid phase method can be easily distinguished.
- the hexagonal ferrite powder is preferably a hexagonal ferrite powder produced by the solid phase method.
- the " ⁇ -iron oxide powder” is a magnetic powder in which an ⁇ -iron oxide type crystal structure is detected as the main phase by analysis performed by an X-ray diffraction method. It shall mean. For example, when the highest intensity diffraction peak is attributed to the ⁇ -iron oxide type crystal structure in the X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the analysis of the X-ray diffraction method, the ⁇ -iron oxide type crystal structure is detected as the main phase. It shall be judged that it was done.
- the powder of ⁇ -iron oxide in the present invention and the present specification includes a so-called unsubstituted type ⁇ -iron oxide powder composed of an iron atom and an oxygen atom, and one or more substitutions that replace the iron atom.
- the so-called substitution type ⁇ -iron oxide powder containing an atom is included.
- ⁇ -Method for producing iron oxide powder As a method for producing ⁇ -iron oxide powder, a method for producing powder from goethite, a reverse micelle method, and the like are known. All of the above manufacturing methods are known. Further, regarding a method for producing a powder of ⁇ -iron oxide in which a part of iron atoms is substituted with a substituted atom, for example, J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metallurgy Vol. 61 Supplement, No. S1, pp. S280-S284, J. Mol. Mater. Chem. C, 2013, 1, pp. 5200-5206 and the like can be referred to.
- ⁇ -iron oxide powder Preparing a precursor of ⁇ -iron oxide (hereinafter, also referred to as “precursor preparation step”), The precursor is subjected to a film forming treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as a “film forming step”). By heat-treating the precursor after the film forming treatment, the precursor is converted to ⁇ -iron oxide (hereinafter, also referred to as “heat treatment step”), and the ⁇ -iron oxide is removed from the film. Being subjected to treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as “coating removal step”), It can be obtained by a production method for obtaining a powder of ⁇ -iron oxide through the above. The manufacturing method will be further described below. However, the production method described below is an example, and when the radio wave absorber contains a powder of ⁇ -iron oxide, the powder is limited to the one produced by the production method exemplified below. is not it.
- the precursor of ⁇ -iron oxide refers to a substance that contains an ⁇ -iron oxide type crystal structure as a main phase when heated.
- the precursor can be, for example, iron and a hydroxide containing an atom capable of substituting a part of iron in the crystal structure, an oxyhydroxide (oxide hydroxide), or the like.
- the precursor preparation step can be performed by using a coprecipitation method, a reverse micelle method, or the like. A method for preparing such a precursor is known, and the precursor preparation step in the above-mentioned production method can be performed by a known method.
- ⁇ -Iron oxide which does not contain a substitution atom that replaces a part of the iron atom, can be represented by the composition formula: Fe 2 O 3.
- ⁇ -iron oxide in which a part of the iron atom is replaced with, for example, 1 to 3 kinds of atoms has a composition formula: A 1 x A 2 y A 3 z Fe (2-x-y-z) O. It can be represented by 3.
- a 1 , A 2 and A 3 each represent a substitution atom that independently replaces an iron atom, and x, y and z are independently 0 or more and less than 2, but at least one is more than 0 and x + y + z is. Less than 2.
- the ⁇ -iron oxide powder may or may not contain a substituent that replaces an iron atom.
- the magnetic properties of the ⁇ -iron oxide powder can be adjusted by the type of substitution atom and the substitution amount.
- the substitution atom is 1 such as an aluminum atom (Al), a gallium atom (Ga), an indium atom (In), a cobalt atom (Co), a titanium atom (Ti), and a rhodium atom (Rh). More than one kind can be mentioned, and one or more kinds of Al, Ga and In are preferable.
- a part of the compound that is a source of Fe in ⁇ -iron oxide may be replaced with a compound of the substitution atom.
- the composition of the obtained ⁇ -iron oxide powder can be controlled by the substitution amount.
- the compound that is a source of the iron atom and various substituted atoms include inorganic salts such as nitrates, sulfates and chlorides (may be hydrates), and organic salts such as pentakis (hydrogen oxalate) salts. Examples thereof include salts (may be hydrates), hydroxides, oxyhydroxides and the like.
- the film-forming treatment is preferably performed in a solution, and more preferably performed by adding a film-forming agent (compound for film formation) to the solution containing the precursor.
- a film-forming agent compound for film formation
- a film-forming agent can be added to the solution after the precursor preparation and stirred to form a film on the precursor.
- a silicon-containing film can be mentioned as a preferable film in that a film can be easily formed on the precursor in the solution.
- the film forming agent for forming a silicon-containing film examples include a silane compound such as alkoxysilane.
- a silicon-containing film can be formed on the precursor, preferably utilizing the sol-gel method.
- Specific examples of the silane compound include tetraethoxysilane (TEOS; Tetraethyl orthosilicate), tetramethoxysilane, and various silane coupling agents.
- TEOS Tetraethoxysilane
- the film forming treatment can be performed by stirring a solution containing a precursor and a film forming agent at a liquid temperature of 50 to 90 ° C. for about 5 to 36 hours.
- the coating may cover the entire surface of the precursor, or a part of the surface of the precursor may not be covered by the coating.
- Heat treatment step By heat-treating the precursor after the film formation treatment, the precursor can be converted to ⁇ -iron oxide.
- the heat treatment can be performed on, for example, the powder (powder of the precursor having a film) collected from the solution subjected to the film forming treatment.
- the heat treatment step can be performed, for example, in a heat treatment furnace having a furnace temperature of 900 to 1200 ° C. for about 3 to 6 hours.
- Film removal step By performing the above heat treatment step, the precursor having a film is converted to ⁇ -iron oxide. Since a film remains on the ⁇ -iron oxide thus obtained, a film removal treatment is preferably performed.
- the film removing treatment can be performed, for example, by stirring ⁇ -iron oxide having a film in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of about 4 mol / L and a liquid temperature of about 60 to 90 ° C. for 5 to 36 hours. ..
- the ⁇ -iron oxide powder may be produced without undergoing a film removing treatment, that is, one having a film. Further, the film may not be completely removed in the film removing process, and a part of the film may remain.
- the shape of the particles constituting the magnetic powder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a rod shape, a needle shape, a plate shape, and an indefinite shape.
- examples of the shape of the particles constituting the magnetoplumbite-type hexagonal ferrite powder include a plate shape and an indefinite shape, and the shape of the particles constituting the ⁇ -iron oxide powder includes a spherical shape and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the size of the particles constituting the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited. Magnetic powder, the particle size distribution of number-based measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, the mode diameter mode value, a cumulative 10% diameter D 10 and a cumulative 90% diameter is taken as D 90, the mode diameter of 5 ⁇ m It is preferably less than 10 ⁇ m or more. Further, it is more preferable that (D 90- D 10 ) / mode diameter ⁇ 3.0, further preferably (D 90- D 10 ) / mode diameter ⁇ 2.5, and (D 90- D 10).
- the particle size of the magnetic powder (i.e., mode diameter, D 10, and D 90) can be controlled by performing sieving, classification by a centrifuge or the like, mortar and pestle, grinding or the like using an ultrasonic dispersing machine.
- the particle size can be adjusted by selecting the pulverizing means, the pulverization time, the material of the media, the diameter of the media, and the like.
- the longer the grinding time the smaller the particle size of the magnetic powder tends to be.
- the smaller the media diameter the smaller the particle size of the magnetic powder tends to be.
- the value of "(D 90- D 10 ) / mode diameter" can be adjusted by sorting the particles by classification using, for example, a sieve, a centrifuge, or the like after pulverization.
- the particle size of the magnetic powder is a value obtained based on the particle size distribution based on the number measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method. Specifically, it can be measured by the following method. After diluting 10 mg of magnetic powder with 500 mL of cyclohexanone, the mixture is stirred for 30 seconds using a shaker, and the obtained liquid is used as a sample for particle size distribution measurement. Next, the particle size distribution is measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method using the sample for measuring the particle size distribution. A laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device is used as the measuring device.
- the particle size of the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber can be confirmed by, for example, the following method. After finely chopping the radio wave absorber, it is ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent (for example, hexafluoroisopropanol). The particle size of the magnetic powder can be confirmed by using the obtained dispersion as a sample and performing a measurement using a laser diffraction / scattering method.
- a solvent for example, hexafluoroisopropanol
- the magnetic field strength H ⁇ which is 90% of the magnetization amount when an external magnetic field of 50 kOe is applied, is 10.0 kOe or more and 40. It is preferably 0.0 kOe or less.
- the magnetic field strength H ⁇ of the magnetic powder can be adjusted by adjusting the composition of the magnetic material constituting the magnetic powder, the manufacturing method, and the like.
- the magnetic field strength H ⁇ is a value obtained by the following method.
- the strength of the magnetization of the magnetic powder with respect to the magnetic powder is measured.
- a magnetic field (H) -magnetization (M) curve of the powder is obtained.
- a magnetic field strength that is 90% of the amount of magnetization at an applied magnetic field of 50 kOe is obtained, and this is referred to as the magnetic field strength H ⁇ .
- 1 kOe (10 6 / 4 ⁇ ) A / m.
- the coercive force (Hc) of the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of radio wave absorption performance, the coercive force (Hc) of the magnetic powder is preferably 1.0 kOe or more, for example.
- the upper limit of the coercive force (Hc) of the magnetic powder is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 18.0 kOe or less.
- the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) per unit mass of the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) of the magnetic powder is, for example, preferably 10.0 emu / g or more, more preferably 20.0 emu / g or more, and 30.0 emu / g. It is more preferably g or more.
- 1 emu / g 1 A ⁇ m 2 / kg.
- the upper limit of the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) per unit mass of the magnetic powder is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 60.0 emu / g or less.
- the coercive force (Hc) and saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) per unit mass of the above magnetic powder are determined by using a vibration sample magnetometer with a maximum applied magnetic field of 50 kOe and a magnetic field sweep rate of 25 Oe / in an environment with an ambient temperature of 23 ° C. It is a value measured under the condition of s.
- the magnetic powder contained in the radio wave absorber can be surface-treated.
- a known surface treatment technique can be applied to the surface treatment.
- the types of surface treatment include oil treatment with hydrocarbon oil, ester oil, lanolin, etc .; silicone treatment with dimethylpolysiloxane, methylhydrogenpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, etc .; perfluoroalkyl group-containing ester, perfluoroalkylsilane.
- Perfluoropolyether and fluorine compound treatment with a polymer having a perfluoroalkyl group 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3- Silane coupling agent treatment with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, etc .; Titanium coupling agent treatment with isopropyltriisostearoyl titanate, isopropyltris (dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate, etc.; Metal soap treatment; Amino acid treatment with acylglutamic acid, etc .; Hydrocarboned egg yolk lecithin Treatment with lecithin such as; polyethylene treatment; treatment with mechanochemicals; treatment with phosphate compounds such as phosphoric acid, hydrocarbons, phosphates and phosphites; and the like.
- phosphoric acid compounds include phosphoric acid, hypophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, linear polyphosphoric acid and cyclic metaphosphoric acid, and salts thereof.
- the phosphoric acid compound is preferably a metal salt.
- the metal salt is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt. Further, the phosphoric acid compound may be an ammonium salt.
- phosphoric acid compound treatment only one type of phosphoric acid compound may be used, or two or more types of phosphoric acid compound may be used.
- the phosphoric acid compound is usually mixed with a chelating agent, a neutralizing agent or the like to obtain a surface treatment agent.
- a commercially available aqueous solution containing a phosphoric acid compound can also be used as the surface treatment agent.
- the phosphoric acid compound treatment of the magnetic powder can be performed, for example, by mixing the magnetic powder and the surface treatment agent containing the phosphoric acid compound. Conditions such as mixing time and temperature may be appropriately set according to the purpose.
- the insoluble phosphoric acid compound can be deposited on the surface of the particles constituting the magnetic powder by utilizing the dissociation (equilibrium) reaction of the phosphoric acid compound.
- the silane coupling agent is preferably a silane coupling agent having a hydrolyzable group.
- the hydrolyzable group in the silane coupling agent is hydrolyzed with water to become a hydroxy group, and this hydroxy group becomes the hydroxy on the surface of the silica particles.
- the surface of the particles is modified by the dehydration condensation reaction with the groups.
- the hydrolyzable group include an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a halogeno group and the like.
- the silane coupling agent may have a hydrophobic group as a functional group.
- examples of the silane coupling agent having a hydrophobic group as a functional group include methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, and n-propyl.
- Ekalkylsilanes such as trimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltriethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane; chlorosilanes such as methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane; hexamethyl Disilazan (HMDS); and the like.
- chlorosilanes such as methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane; hexamethyl Disilazan (HMDS); and the like.
- the silane coupling agent may have a vinyl group as a functional group.
- the silane coupling agent having a vinyl group as a functional group include methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and vinyltri.
- Alkoxysilanes such as methoxysilane and vinylmethyldimethoxysilane; chlorosilanes such as vinyltrichlorosilane and vinylmethyldichlorosilane; divinyltetramethyldisilazane; and the like can be mentioned.
- the silane coupling agent may have an amino group as a functional group.
- the silane coupling agent having an amino group as a functional group include aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and N-2- (aminoethyl). ) -3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -8-aminooctyltrimethoxysilane, double-ended amine type aminoalkoxysilane (for example, FM-3311, FM-3321, FM manufactured by JNC). -3325), polyfunctional amine type aminoalkoxysilane (for example, X-12-972F manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); and the like.
- silane coupling agent treatment only one type of silane coupling agent may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- a known method can be applied.
- a method of mixing a magnetic powder and a surface treatment agent or the like using a mixer such as a Henshell mixer, or a method of spraying a surface treatment agent or the like on the particles constituting the magnetic powder a method of removing the solvent after mixing a liquid containing a surface treatment agent or the like in which a surface treatment agent or the like is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent and a magnetic powder can be mentioned.
- the radio wave absorber contains magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide.
- the filling rate of the magnetic powder is not particularly limited.
- the filling rate of the magnetic powder in the radio wave absorber can be 35% by volume or less as the volume filling rate, and can also be in the range of 15 to 35% by volume.
- the volume filling factor may be 35% by volume or more.
- the volume filling factor can be, for example, in the range of 35 to 60% by volume, and can also be in the range of 35 to 50% by volume.
- the volume filling factor means a volume-based content rate with respect to the total volume (100% by volume) of the radio wave absorber.
- the volume filling rate of the magnetic powder in the radio wave absorber is, for example, "(volume of the collected magnetic powder / total volume of the radio wave absorber) x 100" by collecting the magnetic powder from the radio wave absorber by a known method. Can be obtained as. Here, the total volume of the radio wave absorber and the volume of the magnetic powder can be obtained by a known method. Alternatively, when the composition of the composition for forming a radio wave absorber used for producing the radio wave absorber is known, the volume filling factor of the magnetic powder in the radio wave absorber can be obtained from this known composition. ..
- the volume filling rate of the magnetic powder in the radio wave absorber can also be obtained by the following method using a cross-sectional SEM image acquired by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a measurement sample having a square plane with a side of 5 mm is cut out from a randomly determined position of the radio wave absorber to be measured.
- a sample for cross-section observation is prepared from the cut out sample.
- the cross-section observation sample is prepared by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) processing.
- the prepared cross-sectional observation sample is observed by SEM, and a cross-sectional image (SEM image) is taken.
- SEM a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE (Field Emission) -SEM) is used.
- FE Field Emission
- the obtained cross-sectional SEM image is binarized, and the ratio (area standard) occupied by the magnetic powder is calculated.
- the above operation can be performed on five measurement samples cut out from different positions of the radio wave absorber to be measured, and the volume filling factor of the magnetic powder can be obtained as the arithmetic mean of the obtained five values. If necessary, elemental analysis of the cross-section observation sample can be performed to identify the portion of the magnetic powder in the cross-section SEM image.
- the volume filling factor of the other components described in the present specification can also be determined in the same manner as described above.
- the radio wave absorber contains a magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide, and may optionally contain one or more additives.
- Additives include antioxidants, photostabilizers, dispersants, dispersion aids, esterifiers, antioxidants, plasticizers, impact improvers, crystal nucleating agents, lubricants, surfactants, pigments, dyes, Filling agent, mold release agent (fatty acid, fatty acid metal salt, oxy fatty acid, fatty acid ester, aliphatic partially saponified ester, paraffin, low molecular weight polyolefin, fatty acid amide, alkylene bis fatty acid amide, aliphatic ketone, fatty acid lower alcohol ester, fatty acid poly) Valuable alcohol esters, fatty acid polyglycol esters, modified silicones, etc.), processing aids, antifogging agents, drip inhibitors, antibacterial agents, etc. may be mentioned.
- the additive may have one component having two or more functions.
- the radio wave absorber may
- the radio wave absorber may contain an antioxidant.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and a known antioxidant can be used.
- antioxidants for example, refer to the description of "Comprehensive Technology for Polymer Stabilization-Mechanism and Application Development-" published by CMC, supervised by Yasuichi Daikatsu.
- the type of antioxidant include phenol-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and the like.
- the antioxidant it is preferable to use a phenol-based antioxidant and / or an amine-based antioxidant in combination with a phosphorus-based antioxidant and / or a sulfur-based antioxidant.
- the above-mentioned "Adecastab” and "IRGANOX” are both registered trademarks.
- the radio wave absorber may contain an amine compound capable of quenching radicals as an antioxidant.
- examples of such amine compounds include polyethylene glycol bis TEMPO [Sigma-Aldrich], sebacic acid bis TEMPO, and the like.
- TEMPO is an abbreviation for tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.
- Examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include ADEKA's Adekastab PEP-8, Adekastab PEP-36, Adekastab HP-10, Adekastab 2112, and BASF Japan's IRGAFOS 168.
- Adekastab PEP-8 Adekastab PEP-36
- Adekastab HP-10 Adekastab HP-10
- Adekastab 2112 Adekastab 2112
- BASF Japan's IRGAFOS 168 BASF Japan's IRGAFOS 168.
- the above-mentioned "Adecastab” and "IRGAFOS” are both registered trademarks.
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include ADEKA Tab AO-412S and ADEKA STAB AO-503S manufactured by ADEKA.
- ADEKA Tab AO-412S examples include ADEKA STAB AO-503S manufactured by ADEKA.
- Adecastab is a registered trademark.
- the phenolic antioxidant is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of Adecastab AO-20, Adecastab AO-60, Adecastab AO-80, and IRGANOX 1010, and the amine-based antioxidant is preferably one or more.
- Adecastab LA-52 is preferable
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is preferably Adecasterb PEP-36
- the sulfur-based antioxidant is preferably Adecastab AO-412S.
- the radio wave absorber contains an antioxidant, it may contain only one type of antioxidant, or may contain two or more types of antioxidant.
- the content of the antioxidant in the radio absorber is not particularly limited, and for example, from the viewpoint of both suppressing the decomposition of the aliphatic polyamide and suppressing the bleeding of the antioxidant.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 part by mass to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 part by mass to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aliphatic polyamide.
- the radio wave absorber can include a light stabilizer.
- the light stabilizer include HALS (hindered amino light stabilizer), an ultraviolet absorber, a singlet oxygen quencher, and the like.
- the radio wave absorber When the radio wave absorber contains a light stabilizer, it may contain only one type of light stabilizer, or may contain two or more types of light stabilizer.
- the HALS may be a high molecular weight HALS, a low molecular weight HALS, or a combination of a high molecular weight HALS and a low molecular weight HALS.
- high molecular weight HALS means a hindered amine-based light stabilizer having a weight average molecular weight of more than 1000.
- low molecular weight HALS means a hindered amine-based light stabilizer having a molecular weight of 1000 or less (preferably 900 or less, more preferably 600 to 900).
- High molecular weight HALS is poly [6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) imino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] [(2,), which is an oligomer-type HALS. 2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino] Hexamethylene [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino], Dimethyl-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) succinate- Examples thereof include 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate.
- Examples of commercially available high molecular weight HALS products include CHIMASTORB 944LD and TINUVIN 622LD manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd. The above-mentioned "CHIMASORB” and "TINUVIN” are both registered trademarks.
- the content of the high molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the content of high molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is preferably 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber. It is preferable that the content of high molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is 0.2% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- the content of high molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber, the decrease in mechanical strength tends to be suppressed and the occurrence of blooming is suppressed. Tend to be.
- Low molecular weight HALS include tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate and tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4).
- -Piperidyl) -2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
- Tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) -2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Rate
- Tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) Triazine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate
- Tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) Butan- 1,2,3-tricarboxylate, tetrakis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) Propane-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxylate, tetrakis (2,2,6,6) -Tetramethyl-4-
- Examples of commercially available low molecular weight HALS products include ADEKA's ADEKA STAB LA-57, ADEKA STAB LA-52, and BASF Japan's TINUVIN 144.
- ADEKA's ADEKA STAB LA-57 examples of commercially available low molecular weight HALS products
- ADEKA STAB LA-52 examples of commercially available low molecular weight HALS products
- BASF Japan's TINUVIN 144 ADEKA's ADEKA STAB LA-57
- BASF Japan's TINUVIN 144 The above-mentioned "Adecastab” and "TINUVIN” are both registered trademarks.
- the content of the low molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the content of low molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is preferably 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber. It is preferable that the content of low molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is 0.2% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- the content of low molecular weight HALS in the radio wave absorber is 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber, the decrease in mechanical strength tends to be suppressed and the occurrence of blooming is suppressed. Tend to be.
- UV absorbers examples include 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl).
- Benzotriazole 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3) ', 5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-3'-(3'', 4'', 5'', 6''-tetrahydro-phthalimidemethyl) -5 '-Methylphenyl] benzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) phenol], 2- [2 -Hydroxy-3,5
- UV absorbers examples include BASF Japan's TINUVIN 320, TINUVIN 328, TINUVIN 234, TINUVIN 1577, TINUVIN 622, IRGANOX series, ADEKA's ADEKA STAB LA31, and Sipro Kasei Co., Ltd.
- SEESORB 102 examples thereof include SEESORB 103 and SEESORB 501.
- TINUVIN IRGANOX
- Adecastab examples of commercially available UV absorbers
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the radio wave absorber is preferably 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber. It is preferable that the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the radio wave absorber is 0.2% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the radio wave absorber is 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber, the decrease in mechanical strength tends to be suppressed and the occurrence of blooming is suppressed. Tend to be.
- the content of the singlet oxygen citric acid in the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the content of the singlet oxygen citric acid in the radio wave absorber is preferably 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber. It is preferable that the content of the singlet oxygen citric acid in the radio wave absorber is 0.2% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber from the viewpoint of improving weather resistance.
- the content of the singlet oxygen citric acid in the radio wave absorber is 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the radio wave absorber, the decrease in mechanical strength tends to be suppressed and the occurrence of blooming occurs. Tends to be suppressed.
- the method for manufacturing the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited.
- the radio wave absorber can be produced by a known method using a magnetic powder, a binder, and if necessary, a solvent, an additive, or the like.
- Aliphatic polyamide is used as a binder for the production of the radio wave absorber.
- the radio wave absorber can be a molded product obtained by molding a composition containing magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide (composition for forming a radio wave absorber).
- the composition for forming a radio wave absorber can be produced by a known method using a magnetic powder, an aliphatic polyamide, and if necessary, a solvent, an additive, or the like.
- the composition for forming a radio wave absorber can be prepared as a kneaded product by kneading a mixture of, for example, a magnetic powder, an aliphatic polyamide, and, if necessary, a solvent, an additive, and the like while heating. can.
- the kneaded product can be obtained in any shape such as a lump or a pellet.
- a radio wave absorber (molded product) can be obtained by molding the kneaded product into a desired shape by a known molding method such as extrusion molding, press molding, injection molding, or in-mold molding.
- the abundance ratio of the ⁇ crystal and the ⁇ crystal of the aliphatic polyamide can be adjusted by the cooling condition after molding, whereby the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the radio wave absorber can be controlled.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the radio wave absorber can be controlled.
- the more rapidly the cooling is performed the smaller the value of the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) may tend to be. It is presumed that this is because ⁇ crystals may be more likely to be formed as the temperature is cooled more rapidly.
- the shape of the radio wave absorber is not particularly limited, and can be any shape such as a plate shape or a linear shape.
- the "plate shape” includes a sheet shape and a film shape.
- the plate-shaped radio wave absorber can also be called a radio wave absorbing plate, a radio wave absorbing sheet, a radio wave absorbing film, or the like.
- the radio wave absorber may be a radio wave absorber having a single composition (for example, a single-layer radio wave absorber) or a combination of two or more parts having different compositions (for example, a laminated body).
- the radio wave absorber may have a planar shape, may have a three-dimensional shape, or may be a combination of a portion having a planar shape and a portion having a three-dimensional shape.
- the planar shape include a sheet shape and a film shape.
- the three-dimensional shape include a cylindrical shape (cylindrical shape, square tubular shape, etc.), a horn shape, a box shape (for example, at least one of the surfaces is open) and the like.
- the thickness of the radio wave absorber is preferably 20 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or less, still more preferably 5 mm or less, from the viewpoint of ease of handling. From the viewpoint of mechanical properties, the thickness is preferably 1 mm or more, and more preferably 2 mm or more.
- the thickness means the total thickness of the radio wave absorbers constituting the laminated body.
- the thickness of the radio wave absorber is a value measured using a digital length measuring device, and specifically, is an arithmetic mean of the measured values measured at nine randomly selected points.
- the composition for forming a radio wave absorber may or may not contain a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol and methoxypropanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and toluene.
- the content of the solvent in the composition is not particularly limited and may be determined according to the method for producing the radio wave absorber.
- the composition for forming a radio wave absorber can be prepared by mixing the above components.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of mixing by stirring.
- a known stirring device can be used.
- examples of the stirring device include mixers such as a paddle mixer and an impeller mixer.
- the stirring time may be set according to the type of the stirring device, the composition of the composition for forming a radio wave absorber, and the like.
- the method for producing the radio wave absorber a method of molding the composition for forming a radio wave absorber into a desired shape by a known molding method as exemplified above can be mentioned. Further, as another embodiment of the method for manufacturing the radio wave absorber, there is a method in which the composition for forming a radio wave absorber is applied to a support to manufacture the radio wave absorber as a radio wave absorber layer. The support used here may be removed before the radio wave absorber is incorporated into the article to be imparted radio wave absorption, or may be incorporated into the article together with the radio wave absorber without being removed.
- the support is not particularly limited, and a known support can be used.
- the support include metal plates (metal plates such as aluminum, zinc, and copper), glass plates, plastic sheets [polyethylene (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc.), polyethylene (linear low density).
- the plastic sheet is preferably biaxially stretched.
- the shape, structure, size, etc. of the support can be appropriately selected. Examples of the shape of the support include a plate shape.
- the structure of the support may be a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the size of the support can be appropriately selected according to the size of the radio wave absorber and the like.
- the thickness of the support is usually about 0.01 mm to 10 mm, and for example, from the viewpoint of handleability, it is preferably 0.02 mm to 3 mm, and more preferably 0.05 mm to 1 mm.
- the method of applying the radio wave absorber forming composition on the support is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a die coater, a knife coater, an applicator, and the like.
- the method of applying the composition for forming a radio wave absorber and drying the coating film formed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a known heating device such as an oven.
- the drying temperature and drying time are not particularly limited. As an example, the drying temperature can be in the range of 70 ° C to 90 ° C and the drying time can be in the range of 1 hour to 3 hours.
- the radio wave absorber can be incorporated into various articles for which it is desired to impart radio wave absorption.
- the plate-shaped electromagnetic wave absorber can be incorporated into an article in any form as it is or by bending it at an arbitrary portion. Further, it can be adjusted to a desired shape by injection molding or the like and incorporated into an article.
- the in-vehicle radar which has been attracting attention in recent years, is a radar that uses radio waves in the millimeter wave frequency band.
- the millimeter wave is an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 30.0 GHz to 300.0 GHz.
- the radio wave absorber preferably has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation at the frequency of the radio wave, that is, at one or more frequencies in the frequency band of 3 terahertz (THz) or less.
- the frequency at which the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation is in the millimeter wave frequency band, that is, the frequency band of 30.0 GHz to 300.0 GHz from the viewpoint of usefulness for improving the recognition accuracy of the in-vehicle radar.
- Such a radio wave absorber is suitable as a radio wave absorber to be incorporated in the front side (incoming side of radio waves incident from the outside) of the radio wave transmission / reception unit in the vehicle-mounted radar in order to reduce the side lobe of the in-vehicle millimeter-wave radar. ..
- the frequency at which the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation is the millimeter wave frequency band from the viewpoint of usefulness for improving the recognition accuracy of radio wave absorbing articles used in the field of radiotechnology such as motion sensors. That is, it is preferably in the frequency band of 30.0 GHz to 300.0 GHz. From the viewpoint of the above-mentioned usefulness, the frequency at which the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation is more preferably 35.0 GHz or more, further preferably 45.0 GHz or more, and 55.0 GHz or more. Is more preferable.
- the frequency at which the radio wave absorber has an absorption peak of transmission attenuation is more preferably 90.0 GHz or less, and further preferably 66.0 GHz or less.
- a radio wave absorber is suitable as a radio wave absorber for improving recognition accuracy in wireless devices such as a mobile phone internal sensor and a biometric information sensor.
- Such a radio wave absorber can be suitably used for, for example, a 55.0 to 66.0 GHz band radio wave absorber article.
- the "radio wave absorbing article” is an article having radio wave absorbing property for radio waves of one or more frequencies, and by incorporating a radio wave absorber as at least a part of the article, the above-mentioned Radio absorption can be provided.
- the radio wave absorber can be used for a radio wave absorbing article in the band of 55.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz.
- the 55.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz band radio wave absorbing article is an article having radio wave absorbing property for radio waves of one or more frequencies in the frequency band of 55.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz. Examples of such articles include the above-mentioned various wireless devices.
- the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is 2.60 or less. This can contribute to suppressing the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation in the radio wave absorber containing the magnetic powder and the aliphatic polyamide. It is preferable that the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation can be suppressed from the viewpoint of facilitating the control of the transmission attenuation characteristic of the radio wave absorber depending on the type of the magnetic powder.
- Radio wave absorbing goods One aspect of the present invention relates to a radio wave absorbing article including the above radio wave absorber.
- the radio wave absorbing article an in-vehicle radar can be mentioned. Specific examples include wireless devices such as mobile phone internal sensors and biometric information sensors.
- the radio wave absorbing article can be a radio wave absorbing article in the band of 55.0 GHz to 66.0 GHz.
- the radio wave absorbing article may include the radio wave absorber according to one aspect of the present invention, and the other configurations are not particularly limited, and known techniques relating to the radio wave absorbing article can be applied.
- the various solid raw materials were mixed at a ratio of obtaining hexagonal ferrite having a composition in which the value of x in the formula 1 was the value shown in Table 1.
- the obtained raw material mixture was crushed for 60 seconds by using the Wonder Crusher WC-3 manufactured by Osaka Chemical Co., Ltd. as a cutter mill crusher and setting the variable speed dial of this crusher to "3". , Obtained crushed material.
- the obtained pulverized product was placed in a muffle furnace, the temperature in the furnace was set to 1200 ° C., and the mixture was fired for 4 hours in an atmospheric atmosphere to obtain magnetic powders 1 to 3, 6 and 7.
- the magnetic powders 1 to 4, 6 and 7 have a magnetoplumbite-type crystal structure and do not contain a crystal structure other than the magnetoplumbite-type single-phase magnetoplumbite. It was confirmed that it was a powder of type hexagonal ferrite.
- composition of the magnetic material constituting each of the above magnetic powders was confirmed by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Specifically, it was confirmed by the following method.
- a container (beaker) containing 12 mg of magnetic powder and 10 mL of a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 4 mol / L was held on a hot plate at a set temperature of 120 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a solution. After adding 30 mL of pure water to the obtained solution, filtration was performed using a membrane filter having a filter pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- Elemental analysis of the filtrate thus obtained was performed using a high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometer [ICPS-8100 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation]. Based on the results of the obtained elemental analysis, the content of each atom with respect to 100 atomic% of iron atoms was determined. Then, the composition of the magnetic material was confirmed based on the obtained content.
- the composition of the magnetic powders 1 to 3, 6 and 7 is such that A in the formula 1 is Sr and x is the value shown in Table 1, and the composition of the magnetic powder 4 is as follows. It was confirmed that A in the formula 1 is Ba and x is the composition of the values shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ -iron oxide powder a powder of ⁇ -iron oxide was prepared by the following method. Magne was prepared by dissolving 8.6 g of iron (III) nitrate 9 hydrate, 0.69 g of gallium nitrate (III) octahydrate, and 1.5 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 90.0 g of pure water. While stirring with a stirrer, 4.0 g of an aqueous ammonia solution having a concentration of 25% by mass was added under the condition of an atmospheric temperature of 25 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours under the temperature condition of an atmospheric temperature of 25 ° C.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- an aqueous citric acid solution obtained by dissolving 1 g of citric acid in 9 g of pure water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
- the powder precipitated after stirring was collected by centrifugation, washed with pure water, and dried in a heating furnace having a furnace temperature of 80 ° C. 800 g of pure water was added to the dried powder, and the powder was dispersed in water again to obtain a dispersion liquid.
- the temperature of the obtained dispersion was raised to 50 ° C., and 40 g of a 25% by mass aqueous ammonia solution was added dropwise with stirring.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- the powder obtained after the heat treatment was put into a 4 mol / L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the liquid temperature was maintained at 70 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours to remove the film. Then, the powder which had been subjected to the film removal treatment was collected by a centrifugal separation treatment and washed with pure water to obtain a magnetic powder 5.
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- the crystal structure of the magnetic material constituting the magnetic powder 5 was confirmed by analysis by an X-ray diffraction method.
- the powder X-ray diffractometer used for confirming the crystal structure of the magnetic powders 1 to 4 was used, and the same measurement conditions as the measurement conditions for confirming the crystal structure of the magnetic powders 1 to 4 were adopted. ..
- the magnetic powder 5 has a ⁇ -phase single-phase crystal structure ( ⁇ -iron oxide type crystal structure) that does not contain the ⁇ -phase and ⁇ -phase crystal structures.
- PA12 is nylon 12 (UBESTA / model number 3024GC6 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.).
- PA11 is nylon 11 (Rilsan (registered trademark) B BZM30O (Bk) TL manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd.).
- PA66 is nylon 66 (CM1011G-15 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).
- Example 1 The magnetic powder shown in Table 1 was introduced into a kneader (Laboplast Mill manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) together with the aliphatic polyamide and antioxidant (ADEKA AO-60 manufactured by ADEKA) shown in Table 1 to set the kneader. The mixture was kneaded at a temperature of 220 ° C. to obtain a composition for forming a radio wave absorber (lumpy kneaded product). The amount of the magnetic powder and the aliphatic polyamide used was such that the volume filling rate of the magnetic powder in the produced radio wave absorber was 30% by volume and the volume filling rate of the aliphatic polyamide was 70% by volume.
- the antioxidant was used in a proportion of 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aliphatic polyamide.
- the obtained composition for forming a radio wave absorber is press-molded (heat-pressed) using a heat-pressing machine at a set temperature of 240 ° C., and has a plate-like shape having a square flat surface with a side length of 100 mm.
- a molded product was obtained. This molded product was taken out from a heating press after hot pressing, immediately immersed in water (water temperature: 20 ° C.), and left as it was in water for 1 hour. In this way, the radio wave absorber (radio wave absorber sheet) of Example 1 was obtained.
- Example 2 The molded product after hot pressing was left in a room temperature environment (atmospheric temperature: 25 ° C.) for 1 hour without being immersed in water.
- a radio wave absorber (radio wave absorber sheet) of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 3 The molded product after hot pressing was left in an environment with an atmospheric temperature of 40 ° C. for 1 hour without being immersed in water.
- a radio wave absorber (radio wave absorber sheet) of Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 4 The molded product after hot pressing was left in an environment with an atmospheric temperature of 80 ° C. for 1 hour without being immersed in water. A radio wave absorber (radio wave absorber sheet) of Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 6 Each radio wave absorber (radio wave absorbing sheet) of Examples 6, 8 and 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the aliphatic polyamide shown in Table 1 was used.
- Example 5 Each radio wave absorber (radio wave absorbing sheet) of Examples 5, 7, 9, 11 to 16 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the magnetic powder or the aliphatic polyamide was changed to the one shown in Table 1. rice field.
- radio wave absorbers were prepared, one for measuring the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ), and the other for measuring the absorption peak frequency of transmission attenuation. Used for.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of ⁇ and ⁇ thus obtained was calculated, and this ratio was taken as the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- the frequency at which the absorption peak of the transmission attenuation of each of the above radio wave absorbers exists was measured.
- the absorption peak frequency of the transmission attenuation means the frequency at which the transmission attenuation is the maximum value in the sweep frequency band.
- Examples 1 to 10, 14 to 16, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 As a measuring device, a vector network analyzer (product name: N5225B) manufactured by keysight and a horn antenna (product name: RH12S23, RH06S10) manufactured by Keycom are used, and the incident angle is set to 0 ° and the sweep frequency band is 55 by the free space method. With 0.0 GHz to 95.0 GHz and 110.0 GHz to 170.0 GHz, one plane of each of the above radio absorbers is directed toward the incident side, S-parameters are measured every 0.1 GHz, and S-parameter S21 is set. The transmission attenuation amount was defined, and the frequency at which the transmission attenuation amount became the maximum value in the sweep frequency band was defined as the absorption peak frequency of the transmission attenuation.
- Example 11 to 13 The same as above is used except that the sweep frequency band is set to 26.5 GHz to 40.0 GHz, 50.0 GHz to 75.0 GHz using a keycom horn antenna (product name: RH28S23APC2.9 (f) 7, RH15S10).
- the S parameter was measured, S21 of the S parameter was defined as the transmission attenuation amount, and the frequency at which the transmission attenuation amount became the maximum value in the sweep frequency band was defined as the absorption peak frequency of transmission attenuation.
- a reference sample showing a standard value of the absorption peak frequency for comparison with the radio wave absorbers of Examples and Comparative Examples containing the magnetic powder 1 was prepared by the following method. Radio wave absorption is the same as in Example 1 except that an olefin elastomer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Mirastomer / model number 9070NS) is used instead of the aliphatic polyamide shown in Table 1 and the set temperature of the kneader is set to 200 ° C. A composition for body formation was obtained.
- an olefin elastomer Mitsubishi Chemicals, Inc. Mirastomer / model number 9070NS
- the obtained composition for forming a radio wave absorber is press-molded (heat-pressed) using a heat-pressing machine at a set temperature of 200 ° C., and has a plate-like shape having a square flat surface with a side length of 100 mm.
- a molded product was obtained. This molded product was taken out from a heating press after hot pressing and left in a room temperature environment (atmospheric temperature: 25 ° C.) for 1 hour without being immersed in water.
- a radio wave absorber (reference sample) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the reference sample thus obtained is measured in the same manner as the measurement of the absorption peak frequency (A) of the radio wave absorber to be compared, and the frequency at which the transmission attenuation is the maximum value in the sweep frequency band is set as the transmission attenuation of the reference sample.
- the absorption peak frequency (standard value) was used.
- the reference sample showing the standard value of the absorption peak frequency for comparison with the radio wave absorber of the example containing the magnetic powders 2 to 7 was changed from the magnetic powder 1 to one of the magnetic powders 2 to 7, respectively. It was produced in the same manner as above except for the points.
- the reference sample thus obtained is measured in the same manner as the measurement of the absorption peak frequency (A) of the radio wave absorber to be compared, and the frequency at which the transmission attenuation is the maximum value in the sweep frequency band is set as the transmission attenuation of the reference sample.
- the absorption peak frequency (standard value) was used.
- the frequency difference was calculated as "(absorption peak frequency of transmission attenuation of radio wave absorber)-(absorption peak frequency of transmission attenuation of reference sample)". It can be said that the smaller the value of the frequency difference calculated in this way is, the more the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation is suppressed in the radio wave absorber containing the magnetic powder and the aliphatic polyamide. From the calculated frequency difference value, the suppression level of the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation was comprehensively evaluated by the following evaluation criteria.
- Frequency difference is 0GHz or more and 0.5GHz or less
- the radio wave absorbers of Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are all radio wave absorbers containing magnetic powder and an aliphatic polyamide. From the results shown in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the radio wave absorbers of Examples 1 to 16 suppress the occurrence of the deviation of the absorption peak position of the transmission attenuation as compared with the radio wave absorbers of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. ..
- Magnetic powder 1 (100 parts by mass), phosphoric acid (0.5 parts by mass) and isopropanol (2.5 parts by mass) are weighed and mixed for 1 minute using a bottle blender (WARING, model number 7011HBC). did. Then, the obtained mixture was heated and dried for 2 hours in a heating device having an internal atmospheric temperature of 95 ° C. In this way, a magnetic powder treated with a phosphoric acid compound was obtained.
- 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.5 parts by mass
- isopropanol 2.5 parts by mass
- pure water 0.1 parts by mass
- a bottle blender manufactured by WARING, model number 7011HBC
- Example 17 A radio wave absorber (radio wave absorbing sheet) of Example 17 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the magnetic powder was changed to magnetic powder 8. With respect to the obtained radio wave absorber, the intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) and the radio wave absorption performance were measured by the same measurement method as that performed for the radio wave absorber of Example 1. The results were similar to those obtained for the radio wave absorber.
- One aspect of the present invention is useful in the technical field of performing various automatic driving controls such as automatic driving control of automobiles and in the wireless technical field of motion sensors and the like.
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Abstract
Description
磁性粉体を含む電波吸収体であって、
脂肪族ポリアミドを更に含み、
上記電波吸収体をX線回折法によって測定して求められる脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとγ結晶の回折強度γとの強度比(α/γ)が2.60以下である電波吸収体、
に関する。
本発明の一態様は、磁性粉体と脂肪族ポリアミドとを含む電波吸収体に関する。上記電波吸収体をX線回折法によって測定して求められる脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとγ結晶の回折強度γとの強度比(α/γ)は、2.60以下である。
本発明および本明細書において、脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとγ結晶の回折強度γとの強度比(α/γ)は、電波吸収体をX線回折法によって測定して求められる値であり、詳しくは、X線回折法によって下記条件を用いて測定を行い求められる値である。
Cu線源使用(出力40kV、30mA)
Scan条件:3~50degreeの範囲を0.01degree/step、0.1degree/min
測定方法:2θ/ωスキャン
上記条件は、X線回折装置における設定値である。X線回折装置としては、公知の装置を用いることができる。X線回折装置の一例としては、リガク社製SmartLabを挙げることができる。測定に付す試料は、測定対象の電波吸収体から切り出した試料であって、その大きさおよび形状は限定されるものではない。試料の任意の面にX線を照射して測定を行うことによって、X線回折スペクトルを得ることができる。本発明および本明細書において、X線回折スペクトル(縦軸:Intensity(強度)、横軸:回折角2θ(degree))において、2θ=20.1(degree)における強度を、脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとし、2θ=21.4(degree)における強度を、脂肪族ポリアミドのγ結晶の回折強度γとする。こうして求められたαとγとの比(α/γ)を、強度比(α/γ)とする。
上記電波吸収体は、脂肪族ポリアミドを含む。ポリアミドは複数のアミド結合を含む樹脂であり、樹脂は単独重合体(ホモポリマー)であっても共重合体(コポリマー)であっってもよい。脂肪族ポリアミドは、脂肪族骨格を有するポリアミドである。
中でも、ラクタム単位を構成するラクタムとしては、ε-カプロラクタムおよびラウロラクタムが好ましく、ε-カプロラクタムがより好ましい。
アミノカルボン酸単位を構成するアミノカルボン酸としては、ω位がアミノ基で置換された炭素数4以上14以下の直鎖状飽和脂肪族カルボン酸が好ましい。かかるアミノカルボン酸としては、例えば、6-アミノカプロン酸、11-アミノウンデカン酸、12-アミノドデカン酸等が挙げられる。
炭素数3以上20以下の直鎖状飽和脂肪族ジカルボン酸としては、例えば、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸、ジグリコール酸等が挙げられる。
炭素数6以上の直鎖状飽和脂肪族ジカルボン酸の具体例としては、例えば、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸等が挙げられる。
炭素数2以上20以下の直鎖状飽和脂肪族ジアミンとしては、例えば、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ヘプタメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレンジアミン、デカメチレンジアミン、ウンデカメチレンジアミン、ドデカメチレンジアミン、トリデカメチレンジアミン等が挙げられる。
電波吸収体に含まれる脂肪族ポリアミドの重量平均分子量Mwが上記範囲であることは、機械的性質、特に吸水剛性、熱時剛性、流動性、ならびに、成形品としたときの引張強度、吸水時の曲げ弾性率および長期耐熱性等の向上の観点から好ましい。
なお、重量平均分子量Mwの測定は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC;Gel Permeation Chromatography)を用いて行うことができる。
上記電波吸収体に含まれる磁性粉体としては、例えば、フェライト、酸化鉄、コバルト、酸化クロム等の各種磁性体の粉体を挙げることができる。上記電波吸収体は、磁性粉体を1種のみ含んでもよく、2種以上の磁性粉体を任意の割合で含んでもよい。電波吸収性能の観点からは、磁性粉体としては、六方晶フェライトの粉体およびε-酸化鉄の粉体からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の磁性粉体が好ましい。電波吸収体に含まれる磁性粉体を構成する磁性体の種類は、電波吸収体から公知の方法によって磁性粉体を取り出し、取り出された磁性粉体についてX線回折法によって分析を行うことにより確認することができる。または、例えば、以下の方法によって確認することもできる。電波吸収体の一部または全部を細かく切り刻み、溶剤(例えば、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール)中に1日間~2日間浸漬した後、乾燥させる。乾燥後の電波吸収体を更に細かく磨り潰し、X線回折法によって分析を行う。
本発明および本明細書において、「六方晶フェライトの粉体」とは、X線回折法によって行われる分析により、主相として六方晶フェライト型の結晶構造が検出される磁性粉体をいうものとする。主相とは、X線回折法によって得られるX線回折スペクトルにおいて最も高強度の回折ピークが帰属する構造をいう。例えば、X線回折法によって得られるX線回折スペクトルにおいて最も高強度の回折ピークが六方晶フェライト型の結晶構造に帰属される場合、六方晶フェライト型の結晶構造が主相として検出されたと判断するものとする。X線回折法によって単一の構造のみが検出された場合には、この検出された構造を主相とする。六方晶フェライト型の結晶構造は、構成原子として、少なくとも鉄原子、二価金属原子および酸素原子を含む。二価金属原子とは、イオンとして二価のカチオンになり得る金属原子であり、ストロンチウム原子、バリウム原子、カルシウム原子等のアルカリ土類金属原子、鉛原子等を挙げることができる。本発明および本明細書において、六方晶ストロンチウムフェライトの粉体とは、この粉体に含まれる主な二価金属原子がストロンチウム原子であるものをいい、六方晶バリウムフェライトの粉体とは、この粉体に含まれる主な二価金属原子がバリウム原子であるものをいう。他の種類の六方晶フェライトの粉体についても同様である。主な二価金属原子とは、この粉体に含まれる二価金属原子の中で、原子%基準で最も多くを占める二価金属原子をいうものとする。ただし、上記の二価金属原子には、希土類原子は包含されないものとする。本発明および本明細書における「希土類原子」は、スカンジウム原子(Sc)、イットリウム原子(Y)、およびランタノイド原子からなる群より選ばれる。ランタノイド原子は、ランタン原子(La)、セリウム原子(Ce)、プラセオジム原子(Pr)、ネオジム原子(Nd)、プロメチウム原子(Pm)、サマリウム原子(Sm)、ユウロピウム原子(Eu)、ガドリニウム原子(Gd)、テルビウム原子(Tb)、ジスプロシウム原子(Dy)、ホルミウム原子(Ho)、エルビウム原子(Er)、ツリウム原子(Tm)、イッテルビウム原子(Yb)、およびルテチウム原子(Lu)からなる群より選ばれる。
高周波数帯域での電波吸収性の観点からは、式1におけるAは、Sr、BaおよびCaからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の原子であることが好ましく、SrおよびBaからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の原子であることがより好ましく、Srが含まれることが更に好ましく、Srであることが一層好ましい。
「結晶相が単相である」場合とは、X線回折法によって行われる分析において、任意の結晶構造を示す回折パターンが1種類のみ観察される場合をいう。例えば、後述の実施例に記載の方法によってX線回折法の分析を行うことができる。複数の結晶相が含まれる場合、X線回折法の分析において、任意の結晶構造を示す回折パターンが2種類以上観察される。回折パターンの帰属には、例えば、国際回折データセンター(ICDD:International Centre for Diffraction Data(登録商標))のデータベースを参照できる。例えば、Srを含むマグネトプランバイト型の六方晶フェライトの回折パターンについては、国際回折データセンター(ICDD)の「00-033-1340」を参照できる。ただし、鉄原子の一部がアルミニウム原子等の置換原子により置換されていると、ピーク位置は、置換原子を含まない場合のピーク位置からシフトする。
六方晶フェライトの粉体の製造方法としては、固相法および液相法が挙げられる。固相法は、複数の固体原料を混合して得られた混合物を焼成することによって六方晶フェライトの粉体を製造する方法である。これに対し、液相法は、溶液を使用する工程を含む。以下に、液相法での六方晶フェライトの粉体の製造方法の一形態および固相法での六方晶フェライトの粉体の製造方法の一形態について説明する。ただし上記電波吸収体が六方晶フェライトの粉体を含む場合、その製造方法は、下記形態に限定されるものではない。
液相法の一形態は、
鉄原子と、Sr、Ba、CaおよびPbからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の原子(A原子)と、必要に応じて鉄原子を置換する置換原子の1種以上とを含む溶液から沈殿物を得る工程1と、
工程1により得られた沈殿物を焼成して焼成体を得る工程2と、
を含むことができる。以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。
Fe塩の具体例としては、塩化鉄(III)六水和物〔FeCl3・6H2O〕、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物〔Fe(NO3)3・9H2O〕等が挙げられる。
Al塩の具体例としては、塩化アルミニウム六水和物〔AlCl3・6H2O〕、硝酸アルミニウム九水和物〔Al(NO3)3・9H2O〕等が挙げられる。
A原子の塩は、Sr塩、Ba塩、Ca塩およびPb塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上であることができる。
Sr塩の具体例としては、塩化ストロンチウム六水和物〔SrCl2・6H2O〕、硝酸ストロンチウム〔Sr(NO3)2〕、酢酸ストロンチウム0.5水和物〔Sr(CH3COO)2・0.5H2O〕等が挙げられる。
Ba塩の具体例としては、塩化バリウム二水和物〔BaCl2・2H2O〕、硝酸バリウム〔Ba(NO3)2〕、酢酸バリウム〔(CH3COO)2Ba〕等が挙げられる。
Ca塩の具体例としては、塩化カルシウム二水和物〔CaCl2・2H2O〕、硝酸カルシウム四水和物〔Ca(NO3)2・4H2O〕、酢酸カルシウム一水和物〔(CH3COO)2Ca・H2O〕等が挙げられる。
Pb塩の具体例としては、塩化鉛(II)〔PbCl2〕、硝酸鉛(II)〔Pb(NO3)2〕等が挙げられる。
ただし上記は例示であって、他の塩も使用可能である。原料水溶液を調製するための各種塩の混合比は、所望の六方晶フェライト組成に応じて決定すればよい。
原料水溶液とアルカリ水溶液とを混合する際の温度(液温)は、例えば、突沸を防ぐ観点から、100℃以下であることが好ましく、沈殿物の生成反応を良好に進行させる観点から、95℃以下であることがより好ましく、15℃以上92℃以下であることが更に好ましい。温度を調整する手段としては、一般的な加熱装置、冷却装置等を用いることができる。原料水溶液とアルカリ水溶液との混合により得られる水溶液の液温25℃におけるpHは、例えば、沈殿物をより得やすいとの観点から、5~13の範囲であることが好ましく、6~12の範囲であることがより好ましい。
工程2は、工程1により得られた沈殿物を焼成する工程である。
工程2では、工程1により得られた沈殿物を焼成することによって、六方晶フェライトの前駆体を六方晶フェライトに転換することができる。焼成は、加熱装置を用いて行うことができる。加熱装置は、特に限定されるものではなく、電気炉等の公知の加熱装置、製造ラインに合わせて作製した焼成装置等を用いることができる。焼成は、例えば大気雰囲気下で行うことができる。焼成温度および焼成時間は、六方晶フェライトの前駆体を六方晶フェライトに転換可能な範囲に設定すればよい。焼成温度は、例えば、900℃以上であることが好ましく、900℃~1400℃の範囲であることがより好ましく、1000℃~1200℃の範囲であることが更に好ましい。焼成時間は、例えば、1時間~10時間の範囲であることが好ましく、2時間~6時間の範囲であることがより好ましい。また、工程1により得られた沈殿物を、焼成前に乾燥させることもできる。乾燥手段は、特に限定されず、例えば、オーブン等の乾燥機が挙げられる。乾燥温度は、例えば、50℃~200℃の範囲であることが好ましく、70℃~150℃の範囲であることがより好ましい。乾燥時間は、例えば、2時間~50時間の範囲であることが好ましく、5時間~30時間の範囲であることがより好ましい。なお上記の焼成温度および乾燥温度は、焼成または乾燥を行う装置の内部雰囲気温度であることができる。
固相法において使用される固体原料としては、鉄原子の化合物およびA原子の化合物を挙げることができ、置換型六方晶フェライトの粉体を製造する際には、更に、置換原子の化合物を挙げることができる。これら化合物は、酸化物、炭酸塩等であることができる。A原子および置換原子については、先に記載した通りである。複数の固体原料の混合比は、所望の六方晶フェライト組成に応じて決定すればよい。複数の固体原料を、同時に混合し、または任意の順序で順次混合し、撹拌することによって、原料混合物を得ることができる。固体原料の撹拌は、市販の撹拌装置または公知の構成の撹拌装置によって行うことができる。一例として、撹拌時の回転数は300~3000rpmの範囲とすることができ、撹拌時間は10分間~90分間の範囲とすることができる。ただし、撹拌時の回転数および撹拌時間は、使用する撹拌装置の構成に応じて設定すればよく、上記で例示した範囲に限定されるものではない。また、固体原料の混合および/または撹拌は、乾式条件で行われることのみに限定されない。湿式条件で、例えば、水等の溶媒を添加し、スラリー状態で混合および/または撹拌を行うことも可能である。以上の混合および撹拌は、例えば、室温の大気雰囲気下で行うことができる。本発明および本明細書において、「室温」とは、特記しない限り、20~27℃の範囲の温度をいうものとする。
本発明および本明細書において、「ε-酸化鉄の粉体」とは、X線回折法により行われる分析によって、主相としてε-酸化鉄型の結晶構造が検出される磁性体の粉体をいうものとする。例えば、X線回折法の分析によって得られるX線回折スペクトルにおいて最も高強度の回折ピークがε-酸化鉄型の結晶構造に帰属される場合、ε-酸化鉄型の結晶構造が主相として検出されたと判断するものとする。本発明および本明細書におけるε-酸化鉄の粉体には、鉄原子と酸素原子から構成される所謂無置換型のε-酸化鉄の粉体と、鉄原子を置換する1種以上の置換原子を含む所謂置換型のε-酸化鉄の粉体とが包含される。
ε-酸化鉄の粉体の製造方法としては、ゲーサイトから作製する方法、逆ミセル法等が知られている。上記製造方法は、いずれも公知である。また、鉄原子の一部が置換原子によって置換されたε-酸化鉄の粉体を製造する方法については、例えば、J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metallurgy Vol. 61 Supplement, No. S1, pp. S280-S284、J. Mater. Chem. C, 2013, 1, pp.5200-5206等を参照できる。
ε-酸化鉄の前駆体を調製すること(以下、「前駆体調製工程」とも記載する。)、
上記前駆体を被膜形成処理に付すこと(以下、「被膜形成工程」とも記載する。)、
上記被膜形成処理後の上記前駆体に熱処理を施すことにより、上記前駆体をε-酸化鉄に転換すること(以下、「熱処理工程」とも記載する。)、および
上記ε-酸化鉄を被膜除去処理に付すこと(以下、「被膜除去工程」とも記載する。)、
を経てε-酸化鉄の粉体を得る製造方法によって得ることができる。以下に、かかる製造方法について更に説明する。ただし以下に記載する製造方法は例示であって、上記電波吸収体がε-酸化鉄の粉体を含む場合、かかる粉体は、以下に例示する製造方法によって製造されたものに限定されるものではない。
ε-酸化鉄の前駆体とは、加熱されることによりε-酸化鉄型の結晶構造を主相として含むものとなる物質をいう。前駆体は、例えば、鉄および結晶構造において鉄の一部を置換し得る原子を含有する水酸化物、オキシ水酸化物(酸化水酸化物)等であることができる。前駆体調製工程は、共沈法、逆ミセル法等を利用して行うことができる。かかる前駆体の調製方法は公知であり、上記製造方法における前駆体調製工程は、公知の方法によって行うことができる。
前駆体を被膜形成処理後に加熱すると、前駆体がε-酸化鉄に転換する反応を被膜下で進行させることができる。また、被膜は、加熱時に焼結が起こることを防ぐ役割を果たすこともできると考えられる。被膜形成処理は、被膜形成の容易性の観点からは、溶液中で行うことが好ましく、前駆体を含む溶液に被膜形成剤(被膜形成のための化合物)を添加して行うことがより好ましい。例えば、前駆体調製に引き続き同じ溶液中で被膜形成処理を行う場合には、前駆体調製後の溶液に被膜形成剤を添加し撹拌することにより、前駆体に被膜を形成することができる。溶液中で前駆体に被膜を形成することが容易な点で好ましい被膜としては、ケイ素含有被膜を挙げることができる。ケイ素含有被膜を形成するための被膜形成剤としては、例えば、アルコキシシラン等のシラン化合物を挙げることができる。シラン化合物の加水分解によって、好ましくはゾル-ゲル法を利用して、前駆体にケイ素含有被膜を形成することができる。シラン化合物の具体例としては、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS;Tetraethyl orthosilicate)、テトラメトキシシランおよび各種シランカップリング剤を例示できる。例えば、被膜形成処理は、前駆体および被膜形成剤を含む50~90℃の液温の溶液を5~36時間程度撹拌することによって行うことができる。なお被膜は前駆体の表面の全部を覆ってもよく、前駆体表面の一部に被膜によって被覆されていない部分があってもよい。
上記被膜形成処理後の前駆体に熱処理を施すことにより、前駆体をε-酸化鉄に転換することができる。熱処理は、例えば被膜形成処理を行った溶液から採取した粉体(被膜を有する前駆体の粉体)に対して行うことができる。熱処理工程は、例えば、炉内温度900~1200℃の熱処理炉において、3~6時間程度行うことができる。
上記熱処理工程を行うことにより、被膜を有する前駆体はε-酸化鉄に転換される。こうして得られるε-酸化鉄には被膜が残留しているため、好ましくは、被膜除去処理を行う。被膜除去処理は、例えば、被膜を有するε-酸化鉄を、4mol/L程度の濃度の液温60~90℃程度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中で、5~36時間撹拌することによって行うことができる。ただし、ε-酸化鉄の粉体は、被膜除去処理を経ずに製造されたもの、即ち被膜を有するものであってもよい。また、被膜除去処理において完全に被膜が除去されず、一部の被膜が残留しているものでもよい。
上記電波吸収体に含まれる磁性粉体を構成する粒子の大きさは、特に限定されない。磁性粉体は、レーザ回折散乱法により測定した個数基準の粒度分布において、最頻値をモード径、累積10%径をD10および累積90%径をD90としたときに、モード径が5μm以上10μm未満であることが好ましい。更に、(D90-D10)/モード径≦3.0であることがより好ましく、(D90-D10)/モード径≦2.5であることが更に好ましく、(D90-D10)/モード径≦2.0であることが一層好ましく、(D90-D10)/モード径≦1.5であることがより一層好ましく、(D90-D10)/モード径≦1.0であることが更に一層好ましい。モード径が5μm以上であり、(D90-D10)/モード径≦3.0である磁性粉体は、微細な粒子が比較的少ないため、かかる磁性粉体を使用することにより、電波吸収性能により優れる電波吸収体を製造できる傾向がある。モード径が10μm未満であり、(D90-D10)/モード径≦3.0である磁性粉体は、粗大な粒子が比較的少ないため、かかる磁性粉体を使用することにより、強度により優れる電波吸収体を製造できる傾向がある。
磁性粉体10mgにシクロヘキサノン500mLを加えて希釈した後、振とう機を用いて30秒間撹拌し、得られた液を粒度分布測定用試料とする。次いで、粒度分布測定用試料を用いて、レーザ回折散乱法により粒度分布を測定する。測定装置には、レーザ回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定装置を用いる。
電波吸収体を細かく切り刻んだ後、溶剤(例えば、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール)中に超音波分散させる。得られた分散液を試料とし、レーザ回折散乱法を用いる測定を行うことにより、磁性粉体の粒径を確認できる。
振動試料型磁力計を使用し、雰囲気温度23℃の環境下、最大印加磁界50kOeおよび磁界掃引速度25Oe/s(「s」は、「秒」を意味する。)の条件にて、印加した磁界に対する磁性粉体の磁化の強度を測定する。そして、測定結果に基づき、粉体の磁界(H)-磁化(M)曲線を得る。得られた磁界(H)-磁化(M)曲線に基づき、印加磁場50kOeでの磁化量の90%となる磁場強度を求め、これを磁場強度Hαとする。単位に関して、1kOe=(106/4π)A/mである。
磁性粉体の単位質量あたりの飽和磁化(δs)の上限は、特に限定されず、例えば60.0emu/g以下であることができる。
上記電波吸収体に含まれる磁性粉体が表面処理を施されたものである場合、かかる表面処理については、公知の表面処理技術を適用することができる。
表面処理の種類としては、炭化水素油、エステル油、ラノリン等による油剤処理;ジメチルポリシロキサン、メチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルポリシロキサン等によるシリコーン処理;パーフルオロアルキル基含有エステル、パーフルオロアルキルシラン、パーフルオロポリエーテルおよびパーフルオロアルキル基を有する重合体等によるフッ素化合物処理;3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等によるシランカップリング剤処理;イソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネート、イソプロピルトリス(ジオクチルピロホスフェート)チタネート等によるチタンカップリング剤処理;金属石鹸処理;アシルグルタミン酸等によるアミノ酸処理;水添卵黄レシチン等によるレシチン処理;ポリエチレン処理;メカノケミカル処理;リン酸、亜リン酸、リン酸塩、亜リン酸塩等によるリン酸化合物処理;等が挙げられる。
リン酸化合物には、リン酸の他に、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸、ピロリン酸、直鎖状のポリリン酸および環状のメタリン酸ならびにこれらの塩が含まれる。
リン酸化合物が塩の形態の場合、リン酸化合物は、金属塩であることが好ましい。
金属塩としては、特に限定されず、例えば、アルカリ金属の塩、アルカリ土類金属の塩等が挙げられる。
また、リン酸化合物は、アンモニウム塩であってもよい。
リン酸化合物処理では、表面処理剤として、一般に市販されているリン酸化合物を含む水溶液を用いることもできる。
磁性粉体のリン酸化合物処理は、例えば、磁性粉体とリン酸化合物を含む表面処理剤とを混合することにより行うことができる。混合時間、温度等の条件は、目的に応じて、適宜設定すればよい。リン酸化合物処理では、リン酸化合物の解離(平衡)反応を利用して、不溶性のリン酸化合物を、磁性粉体を構成する粒子表面に析出させることができる。
リン酸化合物処理については、例えば、「表面技術」,第61巻,第3号,p216,2010年、または、「表面技術」,第64巻,第12号,p640,2013年の記載を参照することができる。
加水分解性基を有するシランカップリング剤を用いたシランカップリング剤処理では、シランカップリング剤における加水分解性基が、水により加水分解されてヒドロキシ基となり、このヒドロキシ基がシリカ粒子表面のヒドロキシ基と脱水縮合反応することにより、粒子の表面が改質される。
加水分解性基としては、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、ハロゲノ基等が挙げられる。
官能基として疎水性基を有するシランカップリング剤としては、メチルトリメトキシシラン(MTMS)、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、n-プロピルトリメトキシシラン、n-プロピルトリエトキシシラン、ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキシルトリエトキシシラン、デシルトリメトキシシラン等のアルコキシシラン;メチルトリクロロシラン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシラン、フェニルトリクロロシラン等のクロロシラン;ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS);等が挙げられる。
官能基としてビニル基を有するシランカップリング剤としては、メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルメチルジメトキシシラン等のアルコキシシラン;ビニルトリクロロシラン、ビニルメチルジクロロシラン等のクロロシラン;ジビニルテトラメチルジシラザン;等が挙げられる。
官能基としてアミノ基を有するシランカップリング剤としては、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-8-アミノオクチルトリメトキシシラン、両末端アミン型のアミノアルコキシシラン(例えば、JNC社製FM-3311,FM-3321,FM-3325)、多官能アミン型のアミノアルコキシシラン(例えば、信越化学工業社製X-12-972F);等が挙げられる。
上記電波吸収体は、磁性粉体および脂肪族ポリアミドを含む。上記電波吸収体において、磁性粉体の充填率は、特に限定されるものではない。例えば、一形態では、上記電波吸収体における磁性粉体の充填率は、体積充填率として、35体積%以下であることができ、15~35体積%の範囲であることもできる。また、他の一形態では、上記体積充填率は、35体積%以上であることもできる。この場合、体積充填率は、例えば35~60体積%の範囲であることができ、35~50体積%の範囲であることもできる。体積充填率とは、電波吸収体の総体積(100体積%)に対する体積基準の含有率を意味する。
また、電波吸収体における磁性粉体の体積充填率は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM;Scanning Electron Microscope)により取得される断面SEM像を用いて、以下の方法によって求めることもできる。
測定対象の電波吸収体の無作為に定めた位置から一辺5mmの正方形の平面を有する測定用試料を切り出す。切り出した試料から断面観察用試料を作製する。断面観察用試料の作製は、FIB(Focused Ion Beam;集束イオンビーム)加工によって行う。作製された断面観察用試料をSEMにより観察し、断面画像(SEM像)を撮影する。SEMとしては、電界放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE(Field Emission)-SEM)を用いる。FE-SEMを用いて、FIB加工した断面が上方を向くようにステージに断面観察用試料をセットし、加速電圧15kVおよび観察倍率3,000倍の条件にて、視野が30μm×40μmの断面SEM像を得る。得られた断面SEM像を2値化処理し、磁性粉体が占める割合(面積基準)を算出する。
以上の操作を、測定対象の電波吸収体の異なる位置から切り出された5つの測定用試料について行い、得られた5つの値の算術平均として、磁性粉体の体積充填率を求めることができる。なお、必要に応じて断面観察用試料の元素分析を行うことにより、断面SEM像における磁性粉体の部分を特定することもできる。
本明細書に記載の他の成分の体積充填率も、上記と同様に求めることができる。
上記電波吸収体は、磁性粉体および脂肪族ポリアミドを含み、任意に1種以上の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤としては、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、分散剤、分散助剤、防黴剤、帯電防止剤、可塑剤、衝撃性向上剤、結晶核剤、滑剤、界面活性剤、顔料、染料、充填剤、離型剤(脂肪酸、脂肪酸金属塩、オキシ脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族部分鹸化エステル、パラフィン、低分子量ポリオレフィン、脂肪酸アミド、アルキレンビス脂肪酸アミド、脂肪族ケトン、脂肪酸低級アルコールエステル、脂肪酸多価アルコールエステル、脂肪酸ポリグリコールエステル、変性シリコーン等)、加工助剤、防曇剤、ドリップ防止剤、防菌剤等が挙げられる。添加剤は、1つの成分が2つ以上の機能を担うものであってもよい。上記電波吸収体は、添加剤として、市販品または公知の方法で製造されるものを任意の割合で含むことができる。
一形態では、上記電波吸収体は、酸化防止剤を含むことができる。
酸化防止剤としては、特に限定されず、公知の酸化防止剤を用いることができる。
酸化防止剤の例については、例えば、シーエムシー発行の、大勝靖一監修“高分子安定化の総合技術-メカニズムと応用展開-”の記載を参照できる。
酸化防止剤の種類としては、フェノール系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤、イオウ系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
酸化防止剤としては、フェノール系酸化防止剤および/またはアミン系酸化防止剤と、リン系酸化防止剤および/またはイオウ系酸化防止剤とを併用することが好ましい。
また、上記電波吸収体は、酸化防止剤として、ラジカルをクエンチすることができるアミン系化合物を含むこともできる。このようなアミン系化合物としては、ポリエチレングリコールビスTEMPO〔シグマアルドリッチ社〕、セバシン酸ビスTEMPO等が挙げられる。なお、「TEMPO」は、テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシルの略称である。
上記電波吸収体は、酸化防止剤を含む場合、酸化防止剤を1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
一形態では、上記電波吸収体は、光安定剤を含むことができる。
光安定剤としては、HALS(hindered amine light stabilizer(ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤))、紫外線吸収剤、一重項酸素クエンチャー等が挙げられる。
高分子量のHALSとしては、オリゴマー型のHALSであるポリ[6-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)イミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジイル][(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ]ヘキサメチレン[(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ]、コハク酸ジメチル-1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン重縮合物等が挙げられる。
高分子量のHALSの市販品の例としては、BASFジャパン社製のCHIMASSORB 944LD、TINUVIN 622LD等が挙げられる。なお、上記の「CHIMASSORB」および「TINUVIN」は、いずれも登録商標である。
上記電波吸収体における高分子量のHALSの含有率が、電波吸収体の全質量に対して0.2質量%以上であることは、耐候性向上の観点から好ましい。
上記電波吸収体における高分子量のHALSの含有率が電波吸収体の全質量に対して10質量%以下であると、機械的強度の低下が抑制される傾向があり、かつ、ブルーミングの発生が抑制される傾向がある。
低分子量のHALSとしては、トリス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)ベンゼン-1,3,5-トリカルボキシレート、トリス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)-2-アセトキシプロパン-1,2,3-トリカルボキシレート、トリス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)-2-ヒドロキシプロパン-1,2,3-トリカルボキシレート、トリス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)トリアジン-2,4,6-トリカルボキシレート、トリス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)ブタン-1,2,3-トリカルボキシレート、テトラキス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)プロパン-1,1,2,3-テトラカルボキシレート、テトラキス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシレート、テトラキス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシレート、2-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-2-n-ブチルマロン酸ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)等が挙げられる。
低分子量のHALSの市販品の例としては、ADEKA社製のアデカスタブ LA-57、アデカスタブ LA-52、BASFジャパン社製のTINUVIN 144等が挙げられる。なお、上記の「アデカスタブ」および「TINUVIN」は、いずれも登録商標である。
上記電波吸収体における低分子量のHALSの含有率が、電波吸収体の全質量に対して0.2質量%以上であることは、耐候性向上の観点から好ましい。
上記電波吸収体における低分子量のHALSの含有率が電波吸収体の全質量に対して10質量%以下であると、機械的強度の低下が抑制される傾向があり、かつ、ブルーミングの発生が抑制される傾向がある。
紫外線吸収剤としては、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(3,5-ジ-t-アミル-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-メチル-フェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-t-オクチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-t-アミルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-〔2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-(3’’,4’’,5’’,6’’-テトラヒドロ-フタルイミドメチル)-5’-メチルフェニル〕ベンゾトリアゾール、2,2’-メチレンビス〔4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール〕、2-〔2-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ビス(α,α-ジメチルベンジル)フェニル〕-2H-ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-4-オクチルオキシフェニル)-2H-ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-4-メチル-6-(3,4,5,6-テトラヒドロフタルイミジルメチル)フェノール等のベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-n-オクトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4-ドデシロキシ-2-ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンゾイル安息酸n-ヘクサデシルエステル、1,4-ビス(4-ベンゾイル-3-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)ブタン、1,6-ビス(4-ベンゾイル-3-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)ヘキサン等のベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤、エチル-2-シアノ-3,3-ジフェニルアクリレートに代表されるシアノアクリレート系紫外線吸収剤等が挙げられる。
紫外線吸収剤の市販品の例としては、BASFジャパン社製のTINUVIN 320、TINUVIN 328、TINUVIN 234、TINUVIN 1577、TINUVIN 622、IRGANOXシリーズ、ADEKA社製のアデカスタブ LA31、シプロ化成(株)のSEESORB 102、SEESORB 103、SEESORB 501等が挙げられる。なお、上記の「TINUVIN」、「IRGANOX」、「アデカスタブ」、および「SEESORB」は、いずれも登録商標である。
上記電波吸収体における紫外線吸収剤の含有率が、電波吸収体の全質量に対して0.2質量%以上であることは、耐候性向上の観点から好ましい。
上記電波吸収体における紫外線吸収剤の含有率が電波吸収体の全質量に対して10質量%以下であると、機械的強度の低下が抑制される傾向があり、かつ、ブルーミングの発生が抑制される傾向がある。
上記電波吸収体が一重項酸素クエンチャーを含む場合、電波吸収体における一重項酸素クエンチャーの含有率は、特に限定されない。一形態では、電波吸収体における一重項酸素クエンチャーの含有率は、電波吸収体の全質量に対して、0.2質量%~10質量%であることが好ましい。
上記電波吸収体における一重項酸素クエンチャーの含有率が、電波吸収体の全質量に対して0.2質量%以上であることは、耐候性向上の観点から好ましい。
上記電波吸収体における一重項酸素クエンチャーの含有率が電波吸収体の全質量に対して10質量%以下であると、機械的強度の低下が抑制される傾向があり、かつ、ブルーミングの発生が抑制される傾向がある。
上記電波吸収体の製造方法は、特に限定されない。例えば、電波吸収体は、磁性粉体と、バインダーと、必要に応じて、溶剤、添加剤等とを用いて、公知の方法により製造できる。上記電波吸収体の製造のためには、バインダーとして、脂肪族ポリアミドが使用される。例えば、上記電波吸収体は、磁性粉体および脂肪族ポリアミドを含む組成物(電波吸収体形成用組成物)を成形した成形品であることができる。上記電波吸収体形成用組成物は、磁性粉体と、脂肪族ポリアミドと、必要に応じて、溶剤、添加剤等とを用いて、公知の方法により製造できる。上記電波吸収体形成用組成物は、例えば、磁性粉体および脂肪族ポリアミド、更に必要に応じて、溶剤、添加剤等を混合した混合物を、加熱しながら混練して混練物として調製することができる。混練物は、例えば、塊状、ペレット等の任意の形状で得ることができる。混練物を、押し出し成形、プレス成形、射出成形、インモールド成形等の公知の成形方法によって所望の形状に成形することにより、電波吸収体(成形品)を得ることができる。一形態では、成形後の冷却条件によって、脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶とγ結晶との存在比率を調整することができ、これにより、電波吸収体の強度比(α/γ)を制御することができる。本発明者の検討によれば、より急速に冷却するほど、強度比(α/γ)の値が小さくなる傾向が見られる場合がある。これは、より急速に冷却するほどγ結晶が形成され易くなる場合があるためと推察される。
有機溶剤としては、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、i-プロパノール、メトキシプロパノール等のアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトニトリル、酢酸エチル、トルエン等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、溶剤としては、乾燥速度の観点から、ケトン類が好ましく、シクロヘキサノンがより好ましい。電波吸収体形成用組成物が溶剤を含む場合、組成物における溶剤の含有率は、特に限定されず、電波吸収体の製造方法に応じて決定すればよい。
また、上記電波吸収体の製造方法の他の一形態としては、上記電波吸収体形成用組成物を支持体に塗布し、電波吸収層として電波吸収体を製造する方法を挙げることができる。ここで使用される支持体は、電波吸収体が電波吸収性を付与すべき物品に組み込まれる前に除去されてもよく、除去されずに電波吸収体とともに物品に組み込まれてもよい。
本発明の一態様は、上記電波吸収体を含む電波吸収物品に関する。電波吸収物品の具体例としては、車載用レーダーを挙げることができる。具体例としては、携帯電話内部センサー、生体情報センサー等の無線機器等を挙げることもできる。また、一形態では、上記電波吸収物品は、55.0GHz~66.0GHz帯域電波吸収物品であることができる。上記電波吸収物品は、本発明の一態様にかかる電波吸収体を含むものであればよく、その他の構成については特に限定はなく、電波吸収物品に関する公知技術を適用できる。
炭酸ストロンチウム〔SrCO3〕、α-酸化鉄(III)〔α-Fe2O3〕、および酸化アルミニウム〔Al2O3〕を混合し、更に、得られた混合物100質量部に対して5質量部の融剤(塩化ストロンチウム6水和物〔SrCl2・6H2O〕)を添加し、アイリッヒインテンシブミキサー(アイリッヒ社製型式EL1)を用いて、回転数2000rpm、撹拌時間1時間の条件で撹拌して原料混合物を得た。各種固体原料は、式1中のxの値が表1に示す値となる組成の六方晶フェライトが得られる割合で混合した。
次いで、得られた原料混合物に対し、カッターミル粉砕機として、大阪ケミカル社製ワンダークラッシャーWC-3を使用し、この粉砕機の可変速度ダイアルを「3」に設定して60秒間粉砕処理を施し、粉砕物を得た。得られた粉砕物をマッフル炉の中に入れ、大気雰囲気下において、炉内の温度を1200℃に設定し、4時間焼成することにより、磁性粉体1~3、6、7を得た。
炭酸ストロンチウムを炭酸バリウム〔BaCO3〕に変更し、xの値が表1に示す値となる組成の六方晶フェライトが得られる割合で各種固体原料を混合した以外は、磁性粉体1の作製と同様にして、磁性粉体4を得た。
上記の各磁性粉体を構成する磁性体の結晶構造を、X線回折法での分析により確認した。測定装置としては、X線回折装置であるPANalytical社のX’Pert Proを使用した。測定条件を以下に示す。
(測定条件)
X線源:CuKα線
〔波長:1.54Å(0.154nm)、出力:40mA、45kV〕
スキャン範囲:20degree<2θ<70degree
スキャン間隔:0.05degree
スキャンスピード:0.75degree/min
上記の各磁性粉体を構成する磁性体の組成を、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析により確認した。具体的には、以下の方法により確認した。
磁性粉体12mgと濃度4mol/Lの塩酸水溶液10mLとを入れた容器(ビーカー)を、設定温度120℃のホットプレート上に3時間保持し、溶解液を得た。得られた溶解液に純水30mLを加えた後、フィルタ孔径0.1μmのメンブレンフィルタを用いてろ過した。このようにして得られたろ液の元素分析を、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置〔島津製作所社製ICPS-8100〕を用いて行った。得られた元素分析の結果に基づき、鉄原子100原子%に対する各原子の含有率を求めた。そして、得られた含有率に基づき、磁性体の組成を確認した。その結果、磁性粉体1~3、6、7の組成が、式1中のAがSrであってxが表1に示す値の組成であること、および、磁性粉体4の組成が、式1中のAがBaであってxが表1に示す値の組成であること、が確認された。
<磁性粉体5(ε-酸化鉄の粉体)の作製>
磁性粉体5として、ε-酸化鉄の粉体を、以下の方法により作製した。
純水90.0gに、硝酸鉄(III)9水和物8.6g、硝酸ガリウム(III)8水和物0.69g、およびポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)1.5gを溶解させたものを、マグネチックスターラーを用いて撹拌しながら、大気雰囲気中、雰囲気温度25℃の条件下で、濃度25質量%のアンモニア水溶液4.0gを添加し、雰囲気温度25℃の温度条件のまま2時間撹拌した。得られた溶液に、クエン酸1gを純水9gに溶解させて得たクエン酸水溶液を加え、1時間撹拌した。撹拌後に沈殿した粉体を遠心分離によって採集し、純水で洗浄し、炉内温度80℃の加熱炉内で乾燥させた。
乾燥させた粉体に純水800gを加えて再度粉体を水に分散させて分散液を得た。得られた分散液を液温50℃に昇温し、撹拌しながら濃度25質量%アンモニア水溶液を40g滴下した。50℃の温度を保ったまま1時間撹拌した後、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)14mLを滴下し、24時間撹拌した。得られた反応溶液に、硫酸アンモニウム50.0gを加え、沈殿した粉体を遠心分離によって採集し、純水で洗浄し、炉内温度80℃の加熱炉内で24時間乾燥させ、ケイ素含有被膜が形成されたε-酸化鉄の前駆体を得た。
得られた前駆体を、大気雰囲気下、炉内温度1000℃の加熱炉内に装填し、4時間の熱処理を施した。
熱処理後に得られた粉体を、4mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液中に投入し、液温を70℃に維持して24時間撹拌することにより、被膜除去処理を行った。
その後、被膜除去処理が施された粉体を、遠心分離処理によって採集し、純水で洗浄を行い、磁性粉体5を得た。
磁性粉体5を構成する磁性体の結晶構造を、X線回折法での分析によって確認した。ここでは、磁性粉体1~4の結晶構造の確認に用いた粉末X線回折装置を使用し、磁性粉体1~4の結晶構造の確認のための測定条件と同様の測定条件を採用した。その結果、磁性粉体5が、α相およびγ相の結晶構造を含まない、ε相の単相の結晶構造(ε-酸化鉄型の結晶構造)を有することが確認された。
表1中、「脂肪族ポリアミド」の欄に記載の「PA6」は、ナイロン6(ユニチカ社製ナイロン6/型番A1030SRと、ユニチカ社製ナイロン6/型番A1030GFL45とを、をガラスファイバー含有率が20質量%となるように、前者:後者=56:44の質量比で混合したもの)である。
「PA12」は、ナイロン12(宇部興産社製UBESTA/型番3024GC6)である。
「PA11」は、ナイロン11(アルケマ社製Rilsan(登録商標)B BZM30O(Bk)TL)である。
「PA66」は、ナイロン66(東レ社製CM1011G-15)である。
表1に示す磁性粉体を、表1に示す脂肪族ポリアミドおよび酸化防止剤(ADEKA社製アデカスタブ AO-60)とともに混練機(東洋精機製作所社製ラボプラストミル)に導入し、混練機の設定温度を220℃として混練し、電波吸収体形成用組成物(塊状の混練物)を得た。磁性粉体および脂肪族ポリアミドの使用量は、作製される電波吸収体における磁性粉体の体積充填率が30体積%、脂肪族ポリアミドの体積充填率が70体積%となる量とした。酸化防止剤は、脂肪族ポリアミド100質量部に対して1質量部の割合で使用した。
得られた電波吸収体形成用組成物を、加熱プレス機を用いて加熱プレス機の設定温度を240℃としてプレス成形(熱プレス)し、一辺の長さ100mmの正方形の平面を有する板状の成形品を得た。この成形品を、熱プレス後に加熱プレス機から取り出し、直ちに水(水温:20℃)に浸漬させ、そのまま水中に1時間放置した。
こうして、実施例1の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
熱プレス後の成形品を、水に浸漬せずに、室温環境(雰囲気温度:25℃)に1時間放置した。
上記以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
熱プレス後の成形品を、水に浸漬せずに、雰囲気温度40℃の環境に1時間放置した。
上記以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
熱プレス後の成形品を、水に浸漬せずに、雰囲気温度80℃の環境に1時間放置した。
上記以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
表1に示す脂肪族ポリアミドを使用した点以外は実施例4と同様にして、実施例6、8および10の各電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
磁性粉体または脂肪族ポリアミドを表1に示すものに変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例5、7、9、11~16の各電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
熱プレス後、加熱プレス機内でプレスされた状態のまま、加熱プレス機の電源を切り、加熱プレス機内に成形品を放置した。電源を切ってから12時間後、加熱プレス機から成形品を取り出した。
上記以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
脂肪族ポリアミドを表1に示すものに変更した点以外は比較例1と同様にして、比較例2~4の各電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
実施例および比較例の各電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)から、面積40mm×40mm(厚み:2mm)の測定用試料を切り出した。
切り出した試料について、X線回折装置(リガク社製SmartLab)を用いて、先に記載した条件にて測定を行い、2θ/ωスキャンしたX線回折スペクトルの回折パターンから、2θ=20.1(degree)における強度を脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとして求め、2θ=21.4(degree)における強度を脂肪族ポリアミドのγ結晶の回折強度γとして求めた。こうして求められたαとγとの比(α/γ)を算出し、この比を強度比(α/γ)とした。
以下の方法により、上記の各電波吸収体の透過減衰の吸収ピークが存在する周波数を測定した。ここで、透過減衰の吸収ピーク周波数とは、掃引周波数帯域において透過減衰量が最大値となる周波数を言うものとする。
測定装置として、keysight社のベクトルネットワークアナライザ(製品名:N5225B)およびキーコム社のホーンアンテナ(製品名:RH12S23、RH06S10)を用い、自由空間法により、入射角度を0°とし、掃引周波数帯域を55.0GHz~95.0GHz、110.0GHz~170.0GHzとして、上記の各電波吸収体の一方の平面を入射側に向けて、0.1GHz毎にSパラメータの測定を行い、SパラメータのS21を透過減衰量とし、上記掃引周波数帯域において透過減衰量が最大値となる周波数を、透過減衰の吸収ピーク周波数とした。
キーコム社のホーンアンテナ(製品名:RH28S23APC2.9(f)7、RH15S10)を用い、掃引周波数帯域を26.5GHz~40.0GHz、50.0GHz~75.0GHzとした点以外は上記と同様にしてSパラメータの測定を行い、SパラメータのS21を透過減衰量とし、上記掃引周波数帯域において透過減衰量が最大値となる周波数を、透過減衰の吸収ピーク周波数とした。
磁性粉体1を含む実施例および比較例の電波吸収体と対比するための吸収ピーク周波数の標準値を示す参照試料を、以下の方法によって作製した。
表1に示す脂肪族ポリアミドに代えてオレフィン系エラストマー(三井化学社製ミラストマー/型番9070NS)を使用した点および混練機の設定温度を200℃とした点以外、実施例1と同様にして電波吸収体形成用組成物を得た。
得られた電波吸収体形成用組成物を、加熱プレス機を用いて加熱プレス機の設定温度を200℃としてプレス成形(熱プレス)し、一辺の長さ100mmの正方形の平面を有する板状の成形品を得た。この成形品を、熱プレス後に加熱プレス機から取り出し、水に浸漬せずに、室温環境(雰囲気温度:25℃)に1時間放置した。
上記以外は実施例1と同様にして電波吸収体(参照試料)を得た。
こうして得られた参照試料について、対比する電波吸収体の吸収ピーク周波数(A)の測定と同様に測定を行い、掃引周波数帯域において透過減衰量が最大値となる周波数を、参照試料の透過減衰の吸収ピーク周波数(標準値)とした。
こうして得られた参照試料について、対比する電波吸収体の吸収ピーク周波数(A)の測定と同様に測定を行い、掃引周波数帯域において透過減衰量が最大値となる周波数を、参照試料の透過減衰の吸収ピーク周波数(標準値)とした。
算出された周波数差の値から、以下の評価基準によって、透過減衰の吸収ピーク位置のズレの発生の抑制レベルを総合評価した。
A:周波数差が0GHz以上0.5GHz以下
B:周波数差が0.5GHz超1.5GHz以下
C:周波数差が1.5GHz超2.3GHz以下
D:周波数差が2.3GHz超
表1に示す結果から、実施例1~16の電波吸収体では、比較例1~4の電波吸収体と比べて、透過減衰の吸収ピーク位置のズレの発生が抑制されていることが確認できる。
先に記載の方法で作製した磁性粉体1に、表面処理としてリン酸化合物処理およびシランカップリング剤処理を施し、表面処理済の磁性粉体(磁性粉体8)を得た。
磁性粉体1(100質量部)、リン酸(0.5質量部)およびイソプロパノール(2.5質量部)をそれぞれ秤量し、ボトルブレンダー (WARING社製、型番7011HBC)を用いて、1分間混合した。その後、得られた混合物を、内部雰囲気温度95℃の加熱装置内で2時間加熱乾燥させた。こうして、リン酸化合物処理済の磁性粉体を得た。
続いて、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(0.5質量部)、イソプロパノール(2.5質量部)および純水(0.1質量部)をそれぞれ秤量し、ボトルブレンダー (WARING社製、型番7011HBC)を用いて、上記で得られたリン酸化合物処理済の磁性粉体と1分間混合した。その後に、得られた混合物を内部雰囲気温度120℃の加熱装置内で2時間加熱処理した。
こうして、磁性粉体8を得た。
磁性粉体を磁性粉体8に変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例17の電波吸収体(電波吸収シート)を得た。
得られた電波吸収体について、実施例1の電波吸収体に対して行った測定と同様の測定方法で、強度比(α/γ)および電波吸収性能の測定を行ったところ、実施例1の電波吸収体について得られた結果と同様の結果であった。
Claims (11)
- 磁性粉体を含む電波吸収体であって、
脂肪族ポリアミドを更に含み、
前記電波吸収体をX線回折法によって測定して求められる脂肪族ポリアミドのα結晶の回折強度αとγ結晶の回折強度γとの強度比、α/γ、が2.60以下である電波吸収体。 - 前記磁性粉体は、六方晶フェライトの粉体を含む、請求項1に記載の電波吸収体。
- 式1中、Aで表される原子はSrを含む、請求項3に記載の電波吸収体。
- 式1中、xは、1.50≦x≦8.00を満たす、請求項3または4に記載の電波吸収体。
- 式1中、xは、0.50≦x<1.50を満たす、請求項3または4に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記磁性粉体は、ε-酸化鉄の粉体を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記ε-酸化鉄は、アルミニウム原子、ガリウム原子、インジウム原子、チタン原子およびコバルト原子からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の原子を含むε-酸化鉄である、請求項7に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記強度比が2.20以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記脂肪族ポリアミドは、ナイロン6、ナイロン11、ナイロン12およびナイロン66からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の脂肪族ポリアミドを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の電波吸収体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の電波吸収体を含む電波吸収物品。
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EP21831790.7A EP4175438A4 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-10 | RADIO WAVE ABSORBERS AND RADIO WAVE ABSORPTION ARTICLES |
CN202180046739.4A CN115997486A (zh) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-10 | 电波吸收体及电波吸收物品 |
KR1020227044477A KR20230012054A (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-10 | 전파 흡수체 및 전파 흡수 물품 |
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JP2002164689A (ja) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-06-07 | Polymatech Co Ltd | 高熱伝導性電波吸収体 |
JP2010077198A (ja) | 2008-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | 樹脂組成物 |
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JP7071513B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2022-05-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | マグネトプランバイト型六方晶フェライトの粉体の製造方法及び電波吸収体の製造方法 |
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JP2002164689A (ja) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-06-07 | Polymatech Co Ltd | 高熱伝導性電波吸収体 |
JP2010077198A (ja) | 2008-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | 樹脂組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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"Comprehensive Technology for Polymer Stabilization - Mechanism and Application Development", Y CMC PUBLISHING CO., LTD. |
J. JPN. SOC. POWDER METALLURGY, vol. 61, no. 1, pages S280 - S284 |
J. MATER. CHEM. C, vol. 1, 2013, pages 5200 - 5206 |
See also references of EP4175438A4 |
SURFACE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 3, 2010, pages 216 |
SURFACE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 64, no. 12, 2013, pages 640 |
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JPWO2022004321A1 (ja) | 2022-01-06 |
JP7465969B2 (ja) | 2024-04-11 |
US20230139287A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
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