WO2022001649A1 - 一种左乙拉西坦中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种左乙拉西坦中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022001649A1
WO2022001649A1 PCT/CN2021/100021 CN2021100021W WO2022001649A1 WO 2022001649 A1 WO2022001649 A1 WO 2022001649A1 CN 2021100021 W CN2021100021 W CN 2021100021W WO 2022001649 A1 WO2022001649 A1 WO 2022001649A1
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ethyl
oxo
pyrrolidine
solution
acid
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郑晨光
李敏勇
龚玉龙
朱元勋
颜峰峰
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浙江华海药业股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/18Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D207/22Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/24Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D207/262-Pyrrolidones
    • C07D207/2632-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/272-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom

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  • the invention relates to a synthesis method for preparing an intermediate of levetiracetam, and belongs to the field of medicine and chemical industry.
  • Levetiracetam is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug developed by Belgian UCB Company. It is mainly used to treat localized and secondary generalized epilepsy. Its chemical name is (S)- ⁇ - Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide, the structural formula is shown in formula I.
  • Patent WO2019028671 reported the following method: using 2-bromobutyrate and 2-pyrrolidone as raw materials, condensation to generate ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate; splitting under the action of ester hydrolase to obtain (S)- ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate; then through ammonolysis to obtain crude levetiracetam; finally refining to obtain levetiracetam.
  • the synthetic route of this method is as follows:
  • R is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • the ammoniation yield can reach 90%, indicating that the esterification yield here is only 65%, and the yield is low.
  • the yield is generally below 75%, and the purity is not high. to 80%, of which more than 15% of the raw materials remain.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for preparing ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate shown in formula II,
  • R is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
  • ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid is esterified with C 1 -C 6 alcohol under the action of a catalyst
  • ⁇ -Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate is (R/S)- ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate or (S)- ⁇ -ethyl -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate.
  • the catalyst is selected from concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or thionyl chloride, preferably concentrated sulfuric acid;
  • the mass ratio of the catalyst to ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid (IV) is 0.02:1-0.5:1, preferably 0.03:1-0.1:1;
  • the C 1 -C 6 alcohol is preferably methanol or ethanol
  • the mass ratio of alcohol to ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid (IV) is 1:1-15:1, preferably 2:1-4:1; the reaction temperature is 40-90°C, Preferably, the reaction temperature is 65-70°C when methanol is used, and 75-80°C when ethanol is used.
  • the mass ratio of adding water and ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid (IV) is 1:1-5:1, preferably 1.5:1-3:1;
  • the temperature of the reaction system is 30-70°C, preferably 40-60°C;
  • the alkaline solution is selected from sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution, preferably 5-20% sodium carbonate solution or 5% to saturated sodium bicarbonate solution;
  • the distillation temperature at which the residual alcohol is evaporated under reduced pressure is 30 to 70°C, preferably 40 to 50°C;
  • the organic solvent used in the extraction is selected from toluene, ethyl acetate or dichloromethane; the number of times of extraction is 2 to 3 times, and the extraction solvent used each time is mixed with ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid (The mass ratio of IV) is 1:1 to 5:1, preferably 1.5:1 to 2.5:1.
  • the preparation method provided by the invention can inhibit the hydrolysis of the product ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate in the post-treatment process, and obtain the product with excellent yield and purity.
  • the yield of the product is over 90% and the purity is over 99% based on ⁇ -ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid.

Abstract

一种制备α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯的方法,特别是通过优化后处理过程,使反应收率和产品纯度得到显著提升。

Description

一种左乙拉西坦中间体的制备方法
本申请要求于2020年06月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010612071.2发明名称为“一种左乙拉西坦中间体的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备左乙拉西坦中间体的合成方法,属于医药化工领域。
背景技术
左乙拉西坦是由比利时UCB公司开发的一种高效的、毒副作用小的广谱抗癫痫药物,主要用于治疗局限性及继发性全身癫痫,其化学名称为(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酰胺,结构式如式I所示。
Figure PCTCN2021100021-appb-000001
专利WO2019028671报道了如下方法:以2-溴丁酸酯和2-吡咯烷酮为原料,缩合生成α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯;在酯水解酶作用下拆分获得(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯;然后通过氨解得到左乙拉西坦粗品;最后精制得到左乙拉西坦。该方法合成路线如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2021100021-appb-000002
式中R为C 1~C 6烷基。
上述路线中,酶拆分的母液中存在着大量的(R)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸,可以参考CN110003074公开的方法进行消旋回收获得(R/S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸。经回收的(R/S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸经在酯化后可进一步作为酶拆分的底物。现有技术中关于 (R/S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯化的报道较少,例如CN 10590635报道的将(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在无水乙醇和对甲苯磺酸在60℃反应,反应结束后通过真空浓缩得到(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸乙酯,再进一步氨化得到左乙拉西坦,两步收率仅为59%。一般情况下,氨化收率可达到90%,说明这里酯化收率仅为65%,收率偏低。本发明人发现-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在酸催化下经醇化反应后直接进行浓缩将导致收率不稳定,其收率一般在75%以下,且纯度不到80%,其中有15%以上的原料残留。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种改进的制备式II所示的α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯的方法,
Figure PCTCN2021100021-appb-000003
上述式II中,R为C 1~C 6烷基,
包括如下步骤:
(1)α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在催化剂作用下与C 1~C 6醇进行酯化反应,
(2)反应结束后,加入适量水,控制在一定温度范围下滴加碱溶液以调节pH至6.0~8.0,减压蒸去残余的醇,残留液用有机溶剂萃取,蒸干有机相得到α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯(II)。
在上述制备α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯的方法中:
α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯为(R/S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯或(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯。
催化剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、或二氯亚砜,优选为浓硫酸;
催化剂与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(IV)的质量比为0.02:1~0.5:1,优选为0.03:1~0.1:1;
C 1~C 6醇优选为甲醇或乙醇;
醇与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(IV)的质量比为1:1~15:1,优选为2:1~4:1;反应温度为40~90℃,优选地,当使用甲醇时反应温度为65~70℃,使用乙醇时反应温度为75~80℃。
反应结束后,加入水与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(IV)的质量比为1:1~5:1,优选为1.5:1~3:1;
滴加碱溶液时反应体系的温度为30~70℃,优选为40~60℃;
碱溶液选自氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸钠溶液、碳酸钾溶液或碳酸氢钠溶液,优选为5~20%的碳酸钠溶液或5%至饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液;
滴加碱溶液调节pH至6.0~8.0,优选7.0~7.5;
减压蒸去残余的醇的蒸馏温度为30~70℃,优选为40~50℃;
萃取中使用的有机溶剂选自甲苯、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷;萃取的次数为2~3次,每次使用的萃取溶剂与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(IV)的质量比为1:1~5:1,优选为1.5:1~2.5:1。
本发明提供的制备方法可抑制产物α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯在后处理过程中的水解,并以优异的收率和纯度得到产物,在使用优选的反应和后处理条件时,以α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸计,产物收率达到90%以上,纯度达到99%以上。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案、及优点更加清楚明白,以下参照附图并举实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通技术人员基于本发明中的实施例所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例使用的检测方法如下:
纯度HPLC分析方法:
仪器:配备紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪
色谱柱:Agilent Zobax Eclipse XDB C18 150×4.6mm,5μm
流动相:0.01mol/L磷酸二氢铵水溶液:乙腈=1:9。
实施例1
α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯(II)的制备
在反应瓶中加入α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(50g,0.29mol)和甲醇(100g),滴加浓硫酸(2g),在搅拌下升温到65~70℃,回流2小时,加入水(100g),控制温度在40~50℃的范围内,搅拌下滴加10%Na 2CO 3溶液,至反应体系的pH为7.0~7.5,控制温度在40~50℃的范围内以减压蒸去剩余甲醇,残留液用甲苯(100g)萃取2次,合并有机相,减压蒸馏至无液体流出,得到α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯,产量为49.1g,收率为90.7%,HPLC纯度为99.2%。
实施例2
α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯(II)的制备
在反应瓶中加入α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(50g,0.29mol)和甲醇(100g),滴加浓硫酸(4g),在搅拌下升温到65~70℃,回流3小时,加入水(100g),控制温度在40~50℃的范围内,搅拌下滴加10%NaHCO 3溶液,至反应体系的pH为7.0~7.5,控制温度在40~50℃的范围内以减压蒸去剩余甲醇,残留液用乙酸乙酯(100g)萃取2次,合并有机相,减压蒸馏至无液体流出,得到α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯,产量为49.3g,收率为91.2%,HPLC纯度为99.4%。
实施例3
α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯(II)的制备
在反应瓶中加入α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(50g,0.29mol)和乙醇(150g),滴加浓硫酸(5g),在搅拌下升温到78~80℃,回流2小时,加入水(100g),控制温度在40~60℃的范围内,滴加15%Na 2CO 3溶液,至反应体系的pH为7.0~7.5,控制温度在40~50℃的范围内以减压蒸去剩余乙醇,残留液用二氯甲烷(100g)萃取3次,合并有机相,减压蒸馏至无液体流出,得到α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸乙酯,产量为52.4g,收率为90.1%,HPLC纯度为99.3%。
对比实施例1:
在反应瓶中加入α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(50g,0.29mol)和甲醇(100g),滴加浓硫酸(5g),在搅拌下升温到65~70℃,回流6小时,降温至30~50℃,减压蒸干,得到α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯,产量为36.5g,收率为68.0%,HPLC纯度为79.2%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种制备式II所示的α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2021100021-appb-100001
    上述式II中,R为C 1~C 6烷基,
    包括如下步骤:
    (1)α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在催化剂作用下与C 1~C 6醇进行酯化反应,
    (2)反应结束后,加入适量水,控制在一定温度范围下滴加碱溶液以调节pH至6.0~8.0,减压蒸去残余的醇,残留液用有机溶剂萃取,蒸干有机相得到式II所示的α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述催化剂选自浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、或二氯亚砜,优选浓硫酸。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述C 1~C 6醇为甲醇或乙醇。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中加入的水与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸的质量比为1:1~5:1,优选为1.5:1~3:1。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中滴加碱溶液时反应体系的温度为30~70℃,优选为40~60℃。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中的所述碱溶液选自氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸钠溶液、碳酸钾溶液或碳酸氢钠溶液,优选为5~20%的碳酸钠溶液或5%至饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤(2) 中滴加碱溶液以调节pH至7.0~7.5。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中减压蒸去残余的醇的蒸馏温度为30~70℃,优选为40~50℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)的萃取中使用的有机溶剂选自甲苯、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中萃取的次数优选为2~3次,每次使用的萃取溶剂与α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸(IV)的质量比为1:1~5:1,优选为1.5:1~2.5:1。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯为(R/S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯或(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸酯。
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