WO2021244529A1 - 放射性标记的含硼化合物、制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

放射性标记的含硼化合物、制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2021244529A1
WO2021244529A1 PCT/CN2021/097676 CN2021097676W WO2021244529A1 WO 2021244529 A1 WO2021244529 A1 WO 2021244529A1 CN 2021097676 W CN2021097676 W CN 2021097676W WO 2021244529 A1 WO2021244529 A1 WO 2021244529A1
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boron
group
containing compound
radiolabeled
protecting
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李世红
闫恒
何静
季红峰
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南京中硼联康医疗科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
    • C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/009—Neutron capture therapy, e.g. using uranium or non-boron material
    • A61K41/0095—Boron neutron capture therapy, i.e. BNCT, e.g. using boronated porphyrins
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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  • the invention belongs to the fields of medicine and chemical synthesis, and specifically relates to a radiolabeled boron-containing compound, a preparation method and an application.
  • Positron emission tomography is the most advanced medical equipment in the field of nuclear medicine, and one of the most effective methods and devices for medical biology research and clinical imaging diagnosis. It is the application of positron technology and human molecular information, data image display and unique quantitative analysis of the normal metabolism and pathological changes of the human body. It integrates anatomical, functional, and metabolic images to diversify image information. Provides rare and advanced information for scientific research, clinical diagnosis and treatment.
  • the PET imaging process is to label a positron-emitting radionuclide (such as 18 F) on a compound that can participate in the blood flow or metabolic process of human tissues, and inject the radionuclide labeled with a positron-bearing compound into the subject , Allowing the subject to perform PET imaging within the effective field of view.
  • a positron-emitting radionuclide such as 18 F
  • PET-CT perfectly integrates PET and CT.
  • PET provides detailed molecular information such as the function and metabolism of the lesion, while CT provides precise anatomical positioning of the lesion.
  • One-time imaging can obtain tomographic images of the whole body, which is sensitive and accurate. , Specificity and precise positioning, it can understand the overall condition of the whole body at a glance, and achieve the purpose of early detection of lesions and diagnosis of diseases.
  • PET-CT is widely used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT).
  • BNCT Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
  • BNCT uses boron-containing ( 10 B) drugs to have a high capture cross section for thermal neutrons.
  • the 10 B(n, ⁇ ) 7 Li neutron capture and nuclear fission reactions produce two heavy charged particles of 4 He and 7 Li.
  • the average energy of the two charged particles is about 2.33MeV, which has the characteristics of high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range.
  • the linear energy transfer and range of ⁇ particles are respectively 150keV/ ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, while the 7 Li heavy particles have the characteristics of high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range. It is 175keV/ ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
  • the total range of the two particles is about the size of a cell. Therefore, the radiation damage caused by the organism can be limited to the cell level.
  • the sub-radiation source can locally kill tumor cells without causing too much damage to normal tissues.
  • the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy depends on the concentration of boron-containing drugs at the tumor cell location and the number of thermal neutrons.
  • the development of boron-containing drugs plays an important role in the research of boron neutron capture therapy.
  • T/N ratio tumor tissue/normal tissue ratio
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a radiolabeled boron-containing compound and its preparation method and application.
  • the method is simple and efficient, has high yield, and the prepared radiolabeled boron-containing compound has high purity and can be used as imaging for medical imaging. It can also be used as a drug for boron neutron capture therapy.
  • R 1 and R 2 are OH or together with the boron atom to which they are attached represent a substituent that can be hydrolyzed into a boronic acid group;
  • R 3 and R 4 are respectively hydrogen, a protecting group for an amino group, or together with an amino group to form an imino group for protecting the amino group ;
  • R 5 is a protecting group for hydrogen or carboxy;
  • B contains 10 B.
  • the B contains ⁇ 95% of 10 B; more preferably, B is 10 B.
  • the boron-containing compound includes
  • the substituent that can be hydrolyzed into a boronic acid group is a boronic acid ester group.
  • the boron-containing compound has the structure
  • R 1 and R 2 are OH or together with the boron atom to which they are attached represent a substituent that can be hydrolyzed into a boronic acid group;
  • R 3 and R 4 are respectively hydrogen, a protecting group for an amino group, or together with an amino group to form an imino group for protecting the amino group ;
  • R 5 is a protecting group for hydrogen or carboxy;
  • B contains 10 B.
  • the B contains ⁇ 95% of 10 B; more preferably, B is 10 B.
  • the method further includes: deprotecting the protecting group of the amino group, and/or deprotecting the protecting group of the carboxyl group, and/or hydrolyzing the substituent -BR 1 R 2 into a boronic acid group Is a boronic acid group to obtain a compound
  • 18 F ion [18 F] F -
  • 18 F ion [18 F] F -
  • 18 F ion [18 F] F -
  • the 18 F ions are captured on the ion exchange column, eluted with K2.2.2/K 2 CO 3 mixed solution, and used for labeling reaction after dehydration and drying.
  • Intermediate I is reacted with 18 F ions, and the mixed solution is purified by a cation column, dried, and hydrolyzed to remove the protective groups of the amino and carboxyl groups to obtain the radiolabeled boron-containing compound.
  • the reagents used include hydrogen fluoride and potassium fluoride.
  • the solvents used include water, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), acetonitrile, n-butanol, ethanol , Dichloromethane, etc., or any mixed solvents thereof.
  • the reaction temperature is preferably 20-150°C, more preferably 100-130°C.
  • the reaction time is preferably 5 minutes to 1 hour, more preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
  • the water removal and drying can be carried out by adding dry organic solvents to azeotropically remove water
  • the organic solvents that can be used include but are not limited to: acetonitrile, DMF, DMA, DMSO, or any combination solvents thereof.
  • a copper catalyst can be added to the reaction of intermediate I with 18 F ions.
  • the copper catalysts that can be used include but are not limited to: Cu(OTf) 2 Py 4 , Cu(OTf) 2 , or a combination thereof.
  • the intermediate I and radiolabeled boron-containing compounds of the present invention include all their optical isomers, including the isomers with the L-configuration phenylalanine structure and the D-configuration benzene Isomers of alanine structure. Therefore, in the preparation method of the present invention, the intermediate I can undergo chiral resolution to obtain a single-configuration compound and react with 18 F ions to obtain a single-configuration radiolabeled boron-containing compound, or it may not be resolved. Directly participate in the reaction to obtain the radiolabeled boron-containing compound.
  • the use of the boron-containing compound as described in the first aspect is provided, including:
  • Imaging agent especially for positron emission computed tomography (PET).
  • PET positron emission computed tomography
  • Figure 1 shows the N,N-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,4-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborane prepared in Example 6) The hydrogen spectrum of 2-yl)-phenylalanine tert-butyl ester;
  • Figure 2 is the hydrogen spectrum of the standard product of the radiolabeled boron-containing compound of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a standard HPLC chart of the radiolabeled boron-containing compound of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an HPLC chart of the radiolabeled boron-containing compound of the present invention.
  • the inventors prepared a 18 F radiolabeled boron-containing compound, which was prepared by intermediate I containing two boron-containing groups, and one of the boron-containing groups was replaced by 18 F ion. , To obtain the 18 F radiolabeled boron-containing compound.
  • the method is simple and efficient, and the product purity is high.
  • the boron-containing compound can be used as a radioactive imaging agent for positron emission computed tomography imaging and for the preparation of BNCT drugs. On this basis, the present invention has been completed.
  • substituent When a substituent is described by a conventional chemical formula written from left to right, the substituent also includes the chemically equivalent substituent obtained when the structural formula is written from right to left.
  • substituent -CH 2 O- is equivalent to -OCH 2 -.
  • radiolabeled boron-containing compound and “boron-containing compound” both refer to a radiolabeled boron-containing compound provided in the first aspect of the present invention, unless otherwise specified.
  • substituted into a boronic acid group means that the substituent can generate a boronic acid group (-B(OH) 2 ) after hydrolysis, such as a boronic acid ester group.
  • the substituent includes but is not limited to the following substituents: Preferably it is a boronic acid pinacol ester group.
  • the alkoxycarbonyl-type protecting groups include but are not limited to: benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), trimethylsilyl Ethoxycarbonyl (Teoc), methyl (or ethyl) oxycarbonyl.
  • the acyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to: phthaloyl (Pht), p-toluenesulfonyl (Tos), trifluoroacetyl (Tfa), o (p) nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns), special Valeryl, benzoyl.
  • the alkyl protecting groups include but are not limited to: trityl (Trt), 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl (Dmb), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), and benzyl (Bn).
  • the protecting group of a carboxyl group refers to a protecting group that forms an ester group, amide or hydrazide with a carboxyl group, including but not limited to alkyl, phenyl, and alkyl substituted amino groups.
  • alkyl is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, diphenyl Methyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 4-pyridylbenzyl, trichloroethyl, methylthioethyl, p-toluenesulfonyl ethyl, p-nitrophenyl sulfide On behalf of ethyl and so on.
  • the present invention will cover various stereoisomers and their mixtures.
  • “Stereoisomers” refer to compounds that consist of the same atoms and are bonded by the same bonds, but have different three-dimensional structures. All tautomeric forms of the compounds of the present invention will also be included in the scope of the present invention.
  • “Tautomers” refer to isomers formed by transferring a proton from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule. .
  • the compounds of the present invention contain chiral carbon atoms, and therefore can produce enantiomers, diastereomers and other stereoisomeric forms. Each chiral carbon atom can be defined as (R)- or (S)- based on stereochemistry.
  • the present invention is intended to include all possible isomers, as well as their racemates and optically pure forms.
  • racemates, diastereomers or enantiomers can be selected as raw materials or intermediates.
  • Optically active isomers can be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, such as crystallization and chiral chromatography.
  • the reaction temperature can be appropriately selected due to the solvent, starting materials, reagents, etc.
  • the reaction time can also be appropriately selected due to the reaction temperature, solvent, starting materials, reagents, and the like.
  • the target compound can be separated and purified from the reaction system according to common methods, such as filtration, extraction, recrystallization, washing, silica gel column chromatography and other methods. Without affecting the next step of the reaction, the target compound can also go directly to the next step without separation and purification.
  • the boron in the boron-containing reagent is 10 B, including pinacol diborate.
  • N-benzylidene-glycine tert-butyl ester 40g, 135.42mmol, 1eq
  • 1,4-dibromobenzyl bromide 44.53g, 135.42mmol, 1eq
  • tetrabutylammonium bromide TBAB, 436.55 mg, 1.35 mmol, 0.01 eq
  • TBAB tetrabutylammonium bromide
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with 100 mL ethyl acetate, and then extracted with 400 mL (200 mL ⁇ 2) ethyl acetate.
  • the organic phases were mixed, washed with 600 mL (300 mL ⁇ 2) saturated brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered to obtain a solid.
  • N-Dibenzylidene-2,4-dibromophenylalanine tert-butyl ester (30g, 55.22mmol, 1eq) was dissolved in THF (70mL), and citric acid (31.83g, 165.66mmol, 31.86mL, 3eq) was added )
  • 50 mL of an aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 (29.26 g, 276.10 mmol, 5 eq) and Boc 2 O 13.26 g, 60.74 mmol, 13.95 mL, 1.1 eq were added, and stirring was continued for 4 h.
  • reaction mixture was extracted with 400 mL (200 mL ⁇ 2) ethyl acetate, the organic phases were mixed, washed with 400 mL (200 mL ⁇ 2) saturated brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered to obtain a solid.
  • N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2,4-dibromo-phenylalanine tert-butyl ester (7.50g, 15.6mmol, 1.00eq)
  • pinacol diborate (19.8g, 78.2mmol, 5.00eq)
  • KOAc (6.14g, 62.6mmol, 4.00eq)
  • Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (1.15g, 1.57mmol, 0.10eq) and dioxane (75.0mL) were stirred at 90°C under nitrogen protection for 1h.
  • O-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2,4-dibromo-phenylalanine tert-butyl ester (7.00g, 14.6mmol, 1.00eq), pinacol diborate (18.5g, 73.0mmol, 5.00eq), KOAc (5.73g, 58.4mmol, 4.00eq), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (5.73g, 58.4mmol, 4.00eq) and dioxane (70.0mL) were stirred at 90°C under nitrogen protection for 3h.
  • N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2,4-dibromo-phenylalanine tert-butyl ester (7.00g, 14.6mmol, 1.00eq), pinacol diborate (18.5g, 73.0mmol, 5.00eq), KOAc (5.73g, 58.4mmol, 4.00eq), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (5.73g, 58.4mmol, 4.00eq) and dioxane (70.0mL) were stirred at 90°C under nitrogen protection for 3h.
  • H 2 18 O is irradiated with accelerated protons, and 18 F ions are obtained through 18 O(p,n) reaction, which is captured on the ion exchange column, eluted with K2.2.2/K 2 CO 3 mixed solution, and dried by removing water Later used for labeling reaction.
  • the compound obtained in Example 5 was reacted with 18 F ions in a DMA solution in the presence of Cu(OTf) 2 Py 4 for 15 min. After the reaction was completed, the mixed solution was purified by a cation column and dried. React in HCl solution at 110°C for 10 minutes, add NaOH solution to neutralize, hydrolyze and remove the protective groups of amino and carboxyl groups to obtain a crude product.
  • the crude product is purified by HPLC to obtain a radiolabeled boron-containing compound ( 18 F-2-boronhydroxy-4-fluoro-phenylalanine) with a purity higher than 99%.
  • the hydrogen spectrum of the standard product ( 19 F-2-borano-4-fluoro-phenylalanine) is shown in Figure 2.
  • the HPLC spectrum of the standard is shown in Figure 3.
  • the mobile phase of the HPLC purification is 5% ethanol and 0.1% acetic acid aqueous solution, and a peak appears near the retention time of 19.2 min.
  • the HPLC spectrum of the prepared radiolabeled boron-containing compound is shown in Figure 4. Under the same conditions, a peak appears at a position near the retention time of 19.5 min, which proves that the product is a radiolabeled boron-containing compound 18 F-2-borano-4- Fluoro-phenylalanine.
  • the radiolabeled boron-containing compound can be prepared from the compound obtained in Example 6, and the radiolabeled boron-containing compound can also be obtained.
  • the non-time-corrected radiochemical yield of the product is 15-25%, and the radiochemical purity is >98%.

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Abstract

提供了一种放射性标记的含硼化合物及制备方法和应用，所述放射性标记的含硼化合物具有结构 I，其中，R 1和R 2为OH或与它们连接的硼原子一起代表可水解为硼酸基的取代基；R 3和R 4分别为氢、氨基的保护基或与氨基共同形成用于保护氨基的亚氨基；R 5为氢或羧基的保护基；B含有 10B。所述方法简单高效，收率高，制备的放射性标记的含硼化合物纯度高，可作为用于医学影像的显像剂，也可以作为用于硼中子捕获治疗的药物。

Description

放射性标记的含硼化合物、制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属涉及医药、化学合成领域，具体地涉及到一种放射性标记的含硼化合物、制备方法和应用。
背景技术
正电子发射计算机断层扫描(positronemissiontomography，PET)是一种核医学领域最先进的医疗设备，是医学生物学研究和临床影像诊断最有效的方法和装置之一。它是应用正电子技术和人体分子学的信息，对人体的正常代谢和病理改变进行数据图象显示以及独特的定量分析。它集解剖、功能、代谢图象于一体，使图象信息多元化。给科研和临床诊断、治疗提供了难得的多种超前信息。PET显像过程是将发射正电子的放射性核素(如 18F)标记到能够参与人体组织血流或代谢过程的化合物上，将标有带正电子化合物的放射性核素注射到受检者体内，让受检者在有效视野范围内进行PET显像。
PET-CT将PET与CT完美融为一体，由PET提供病灶详尽的功能与代谢等分子信息，而CT提供病灶的精确解剖定位，一次显像可获得全身各方位的断层图像，具有灵敏、准确、特异及定位精确等特点，可一目了然的了解全身整体状况，达到早期发现病灶和诊断疾病的目的。PET-CT被广泛应用于硼中子捕获治疗(Boron Neutron Capture Therapy,BNCT)。
BNCT利用含硼( 10B)药物对热中子具有高捕获截面的特性，借由 10B(n,α) 7Li中子捕获及核分裂反应产生 4He和 7Li两个重荷电粒子。两荷电粒子的平均能量约为2.33MeV，具有高线性转移(Linear Energy Transfer,LET)、短射程特征，α粒子的线性能量转移与射程分别为150keV/μm、8μm，而 7Li重荷粒子则为175keV/μm、5μm，两粒子的总射程约相当于一个细胞大小，因此对于生物体造成的辐射伤害能局限在细胞层级，当含硼药物选择性地聚集在肿瘤细胞中，搭配适当的中子射源，便能在不对正常组织造成太大伤害的前提下，达到局部杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。硼中子捕获治疗的成效取决于肿瘤细胞位置含硼药物浓度和热中子数量，除了中子源的开发，含硼药物的开发在硼中子捕获治疗的研究中占有重要角色。在进行BNCT治疗之前，需要通过PET-CT检查含硼药物在体内的聚集分布、肿瘤组织/正常组织存在比(T/N比)等信息，基于这些信息可以预测BNCT的治疗效果，制定研究或治疗方案。
因此，不断开发新的临床可用的放射性核素标记的药物对于PET、PET-CT显像和BNCT都具有及其重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种放射性标记的含硼化合物及制备方法和应用，所述方法简单高效，收率高，制备的放射性标记的含硼化合物纯度高，可作为用于医学影像的显像剂，也可以作为用于硼中子捕获治疗的药物。
在本发明第一方面，提供了一种放射性标记的含硼化合物，具有结构
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000001
其中，
R 1和R 2为OH或与它们连接的硼原子一起代表可水解为硼酸基的取代基；R 3和R 4分别为氢、氨基的保护基或与氨基共同形成用于保护氨基的亚氨基；R 5为氢或羧基的保护基；B含有 10B。优选地，所述B含有≥95％含量的 10B；更优选地，B为 10B。
在另一优选例中，R 3和R 4作为氨基的保护基一起与N形成C＝N键；优选地，-NR 3R 4为
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000002
在另一优选例中，所述含硼化合物包括
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000003
在另一优选例中，所述可水解为硼酸基的取代基为硼酸酯基。
在另一优选例中，所述含硼化合物具有结构
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000004
在本发明第二方面，提供了一种制备如第一方面所述的放射性标记的含硼化合物的方法，所述方法包括：中间体I与 18F离子反应得到所述含硼化合物，所述中间体I具有结构
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000005
其中，
R 1和R 2为OH或与它们连接的硼原子一起代表可水解为硼酸基的取代基；R 3和R 4分别为氢、氨基的保护基或与氨基共同形成用于保护氨基的亚氨基；R 5为氢或羧基的保护基；B含有 10B。优选地，所述B含有≥95％含量的 10B；更优选地，B为 10B。
在另一优选例中，R 3和R 4作为氨基的保护基一起与N形成C＝N键；优选地，-NR 3R 4为
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000006
在另一优选例中，所述方法还包括：脱保护所述氨基的保护基，和/或脱保护所述羧基的保护基，和/或将取代基-BR 1R 2水解为硼酸基水解为硼酸基，得到化合物
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000007
在中间体I合成所述放射性标记的含硼化合物的步骤中，所使用的 18F离子([ 18F]F -)可以用质子束轰击H 2 18O，通过 18O(p,n)反应得到，或者利用本领域已知的方法获得。使 18F离子俘获到离子交换柱上，用K2.2.2/K 2CO 3混合溶液洗脱，经过除水干燥后用于标记反应。将中间体I与 18F离子反应，将混合溶液经阳离子柱纯化后，干燥，水解脱去氨基和羧基的保护基团得到所述放射性标记的含硼化合物。
所使用的试剂包括氟化氢、氟化钾。所使用的溶剂包括水、甲醇、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、乙腈、正丁醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷等，或其任意的混合溶剂。反应温度优选地为20-150℃，更优选为100-130℃。反应时间优选为5分钟-1小时，更优选为10-30分钟。所述除水干燥可以通过加入干燥的有机溶剂共沸去除水，可以使用的有机溶剂包括但不限于：乙腈、DMF、DMA、DMSO，或其任意的组合溶剂。
在优选的实施方案中，中间体I与 18F离子反应可以加入铜催化剂，可以使用的铜催化剂包括但不限于：Cu(OTf) 2Py 4、Cu(OTf) 2，或其组合。
需要注意的是，本发明所述的中间体I以及放射性标记的含硼化合物均包括其全部的光学异构体，包括具有L构型苯丙氨酸结构的异构体和具有D构型苯丙氨酸结构的异构体。因此，在本发明所述的制备方法中，中间体I可以经过手性拆分得到单一构型的化合物与 18F离子反应得到单一构型的放射性标记的含硼化合物，也可以未经拆分直接参与反应，得到所述放射性标记的含硼化合物。
在本发明第三方面，提供了如第一方面所述的含硼化合物的用途，包括：
i)作为显像剂，尤其是用于正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)。其作为放射性药物引入体内后，能浓聚于靶器官或组织中，通过显像仪器对其发射的射线进行探测，从而获得药物在体内的分布图像，用以诊断各种疾病。
ii)制备用于硼中子捕获治疗的药物；所述放射性标记的含硼化合物中B含有 10B时，可以作为硼中子捕获剂治疗疾病。
应理解，在本发明范围内，本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合，从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅，在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1为实施例6制备的N,N-二(叔丁氧羰基)-2,4-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯的氢谱；
图2为本发明所述放射性标记的含硼化合物的标准品氢谱；
图3为本发明所述放射性标记的含硼化合物的标准品HPLC图谱；
图4为本发明所述放射性标记的含硼化合物的HPLC图谱。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入地研究，制备了一种 18F放射性标记的含硼化合物，其通过含有两个含硼基团的中间体I制备得到，通过 18F离子取代其中一个含硼基团，得到所述 18F放射性标记的含硼化合物。所述方法简单高效，产物纯度高。所述含硼化合物可以作为一种放射性显像剂用于正电子发射计算机断层显像、用于制备BNCT的药物。在此基础上，完成了本发明。
术语
除非另有定义，否则本文所有科技术语具有的涵义与权利要求主题所属领域技术人员通常理解的涵义相同。除非另有说明，本文全文引用的所有专利、专利申请、公开材料通过引用方式整体并入本文。
应理解，上述简述和下文的详述为示例性且仅用于解释，而不对本发明主题作任何限制。在本申请中，除非另有具体说明，否则使用单数时也包括复数。必须注意，除非文中另有清楚的说明，否则在本说明书和权利要求书中所用的单数形式包括所指事物的复数形式。还应注意，除非另有说明，否则所用“或”、“或者”表示“和/或”。此外，所用术语“包括”以及其它形式，例如“包含”、“含”和“含有”并非限制性。
当通过从左向右书写的常规化学式描述取代基时，该取代基也同样包括从右向左书写结构式时所得到的在化学上等同的取代基。举例而言，-CH 2O-等同于-OCH 2-。
本文所用的章节标题仅用于组织文章的目的，而不应被解释为对所述主题的限制。本申请中引用的所有文献或文献部分包括但不限于专利、专利申请、文章、书籍、操作手册和论文，均通过引用方式整体并入本文。
除前述以外，当用于本申请的说明书及权利要求书中时，除非另外特别指明，否则以下术语具有如下所示的含义。
在本发明中，“放射性标记的含硼化合物”和“含硼化合物”在没有特别说明的情况下，均表示本发明第一方面所提供的一种放射性标记的含硼化合物。
术语“可水解为硼酸基的取代基”表示该取代基在水解后可以生成硼酸基(-B(OH) 2)，例如硼酸酯基，该取代基包括但不限于下列取代基：
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000009
优选地为硼酸频哪醇酯基。
在本发明中，R 3和R 4作为氨基的保护基可以分别为保护基，包括但不限于烷氧羰基类保护基、酰基类保护基、烷基类保护基；R 3和R 4也可以与N形成亚胺(C＝N)来保护氨基，例如
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000010
以上两种保护基形式都应当在本发明所述的“氨基的保护基”的理解范围内。其中，所述烷氧羰基类保护基包括但不限于：苄氧羰基(Cbz)、叔丁氧羰基(Boc)、笏甲氧羰基(Fmoc)、烯丙氧羰基(Alloc)、三甲基硅乙氧羰基(Teoc)、甲(或乙)氧羰基。所述酰基类保护基包括但不限于：邻苯二甲酰基(Pht)、对甲苯磺酰基(Tos)、三氟乙酰基(Tfa)、邻(对)硝基苯磺酰基(Ns)、特戊酰基、苯甲酰基。所述烷基类保护基包括但不限于：三苯甲基(Trt)、2,4-二甲氧基苄基(Dmb)、对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、苄基(Bn)。
在本发明中，羧基的保护基是指与羧基形成酯基、酰胺或酰肼的保护基团，包括但不限于烷基、苯基、烷基取代的氨基。其中，“烷基”优选为具有1-20个碳原子的取代基取代或未取代的直链或含支链的烷基，例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、二苯甲基、苄基、对硝基苄基、对甲氧基苄基、4-吡啶苄基、三氯乙基、甲基硫代乙基、对甲苯磺酰乙基、对硝基苯基硫代乙基等。
本发明将涵盖各种立体异构体及其混合物，“立体异构体”是指由相同原子组成，通过相同的键键合，但具有不同三维结构的化合物。本发明的化合物的所有互变异构形式也将包含在本发明的范围内，“互变异构体”是指质子从分子的一个原子转移至相同分子的另一个原子而形成的异构体。本发明的化合物含有手性碳原子，因此可产生对映异构体、非对映异构体及其它立体异构形式。每个手性碳原子可以基于立体化学而被定义为(R)-或(S)-。本发明 旨在包括所有可能的异构体，以及其外消旋体和光学纯形式。本发明的化合物的制备可以选择外消旋体、非对映异构体或对映异构体作为原料或中间体。光学活性的异构体可以使用手性合成子或手性试剂来制备，或者使用常规技术进行拆分，例如采用结晶以及手性色谱等方法。
本发明所述各步骤的反应，反应温度可因溶剂、起始原料、试剂等适宜选择，反应时间也可因反应温度、溶剂、起始原料、试剂等适宜选择。各步骤反应结束后，目标化合物可按常用方法自反应体系中进行分离、提纯等步骤，如过滤、萃取、重结晶、洗涤、硅胶柱层析等方法。在不影响下一步反应的情况下，目标化合物也可不经过分离、纯化直接进入下一步反应。
以下结合具体实施例，进一步说明本发明。需理解，以下的描述仅为本发明的最优选实施方式，而不应当被认为是对于本发明保护范围的限制。在充分理解本发明的基础上，下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件，本领域技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案作出非本质的改动，这样的改动应当被视为包括于本发明的保护范围之中的。除非另外说明，否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
在以下实施例中，含硼试剂中的硼为 10B，包括联硼酸频那醇酯。
实施例1制备N-二苯亚甲基-2,4-二溴苯丙氨酸叔丁酯
将N-二苯亚甲基-甘氨酸叔丁酯(40g,135.42mmol,1eq)、1,4-二溴苄基溴(44.53g,135.42mmol,1eq)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB,436.55mg,1.35mmol,0.01eq)溶于300mL甲苯，加入80mL氢氧化钾(100.00g,1.78mol,13.16eq)水溶液。在25℃下搅拌12小时至反应完全。反应混合物用100mL乙酸乙酯稀释，然后用400mL(200mL×2)乙酸乙酯萃取，混合有机相，并用600mL(300mL×2)饱和食盐水洗涤，Na 2SO 4干燥，过滤得到固体物。将粗产物通过柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯＝100:1-20:1)分离，得到15g的产物。
LCMS:MS(M+H +)＝544.0
1H NMR:400MHz,CDCl 3
δ7.56-7.46(m,3H),7.35-7.16(m,7H),7.01(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H),6.59(br d,J＝6.8Hz,2H),4.23(dd,J＝4.2,9.5Hz,1H),3.31(dd,J＝4.0,13.4Hz,1H),3.11(dd,J＝9.6,13.5Hz,1H),1.41-1.28(m,9H)。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000011
实施例2制备N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴苯丙氨酸叔丁酯
N-二苯亚甲基-2,4-二溴苯丙氨酸叔丁酯(30g,55.22mmol,1eq)溶于THF(70mL)，加入柠檬酸(31.83g,165.66mmol,31.86mL,3eq)的水溶液20mL，25℃下搅拌12h。加入Na 2CO 3(29.26g,276.10mmol,5eq)的水溶液50mL和Boc 2O(13.26g,60.74mmol,13.95mL,1.1eq)，继续搅拌4h。待反应完成后，反应混合物用400mL(200mL×2)乙酸乙酯萃取，混合有机相，并用400mL(200mL×2)饱和食盐水洗涤，Na 2SO 4干燥，过滤得到固体物。将粗产物通过柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯＝100:1-10:1)分离，得到19.6g的产物，收率73.48％，纯度99.2％。
LCMS:MS(M-155 +)＝323.9
1H NMR:400MHz,CDCl 3
δ7.72(d,J＝1.5Hz,1H,7.37(dd,J＝1.8,8.1Hz,1H),7.13(br d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),5.06(br d,J＝8.3Hz,1H),4.59-4.38(m,1H),3.23(dd,J＝5.9,13.9Hz,1H),3.00(br dd,J＝8.6,13.8Hz,1H),1.40(br d,J＝16.6Hz,17H)。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000012
实施例3手性拆分N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴苯丙氨酸叔丁酯
19.6g的N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴苯丙氨酸叔丁酯通过SFC分离(色谱柱：DAICEL CHIRALPAK AY(250mm*50mm,10um)；流动相:[0.1％NH 3H 2O MEOH])，得到9.1g产物，收率46.84％,纯度97.8％；和9.2g产物，收率48.18％,纯度99.5％。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000013
实施例4
制备中间体(N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯)
N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯(7.50g,15.6mmol,1.00eq)，联硼酸频那醇酯(19.8g,78.2mmol,5.00eq),KOAc(6.14g,62.6mmol,4.00eq),Pd(dppf)Cl 2(1.15g,1.57mmol,0.10eq)和二氧六环(75.0mL)在90℃氮气保护下搅拌1h。待反应完成后，过滤，加入200mL的水，用反应混合物用300mL(100mL×3)乙酸乙酯萃取，混合有机相，并用200mL(100mL×2)饱和食盐水洗涤，Na 2SO 4干燥，过滤得到固体物。将粗产物通过HPLC纯化，得到6.5g的产物，纯度96.3％。
LCMS:MS(M+H +-156)＝418.0
1H NMR:400MHz,CDCl 3
8.24(s,1H),7.84(d,J＝7.6,1H),7.30(d,J＝7.6,1H),5.90(d,J＝8.4,1H),4.24-4.19(m,1H),3.24-3.19(m,2H),1.47(s,9H),1.39(s,12H),1.34(s,12H),1.32(s,9H).
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000014
实施例5
制备中间体(N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯)
O-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯(7.00g,14.6mmol,1.00eq),联硼酸频那醇酯(18.5g,73.0mmol,5.00eq),KOAc(5.73g,58.4mmol,4.00eq),Pd(dppf)Cl 2(5.73g,58.4mmol,4.00eq)和二氧六环(70.0mL)在90℃氮气保护下搅拌3h。待反应完成后，过滤，加入200mL的水，用反应混合物用300mL(100mL×3)乙酸乙酯萃取，混合有机相，并用200mL(100mL×2)饱和食盐水洗涤，Na 2SO 4干燥，过滤得到固体物。将粗产物通过HPLC纯化，得到5.37g的产物，纯度97.35％。
LCMS:MS(M-100-55+H +):418.3
1HNMR:400MHz,CDCl 3
δ1.31-1.35(m,21H),1.39(s,12H),1.47(s,9H),3.16-3.29(m,2H),4.19-4.26(m,1H),5.89(br d,J＝8.40Hz,1H),7.30(d,J＝8.00Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J＝7.60,1.47Hz,1H),8.24(s,1H)
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000015
实施例6
制备中间体(N,N-二(叔丁氧羰基)-2,4-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯)
N-叔丁氧羰基-2,4-二溴-苯丙氨酸叔丁酯(7.00g,14.6mmol,1.00eq),联硼酸频那醇酯(18.5g,73.0mmol,5.00eq),KOAc(5.73g,58.4mmol,4.00eq),Pd(dppf)Cl 2(5.73g,58.4mmol,4.00eq)和二氧六环(70.0mL)在90℃氮气保护下搅拌3h。待反应完成后，过滤，加入200mL的水，用反应混合物用300mL(100mL×3)乙酸乙酯萃取，混合有机相，并用200mL(100mL×2)饱和食盐水洗涤，Na 2SO 4干燥，过滤得到固体物。将粗产物通过HPLC纯化，得到5.37g的产物，纯度97.35％。氢谱参见图1。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000016
实施例7
制备放射性标记的含硼化合物
对H 2 18O照射加速的质子，通过 18O(p,n)反应得到 18F离子，使其俘获到离子交换柱，用K2.2.2/K 2CO 3混合溶液洗脱，经过除水干燥后用于标记反应。将实施例5中得到化合物在DMA溶液中与 18F离子在Cu(OTf) 2Py 4存在下反应15min，待反应完成后，将混合溶液经阳离子柱纯化，干燥。在HCl溶液中110℃下反应10min，加入NaOH溶液中和，水解脱去氨基和羧基的保护基团得到粗产品。将粗产品通过HPLC纯化可以得到纯度高于99％的放射性标记的含硼化合物( 18F-2-硼羟基-4-氟-苯丙氨酸)。
标准品( 19F-2-硼酸基-4-氟-苯丙氨酸)的氢谱如图2所示。标准品的HPLC图谱如图3所示，HPLC纯化的流动相为5％乙醇，0.1％乙酸水溶液，在保留时间为19.2min附近位置出峰。所制备的放射性标记的含硼化合物的HPLC图谱如图4所示，相同条件下在保留时间19.5min附近位置出峰，证明产物是放射性标记的含硼化合物 18F-2-硼酸基-4-氟-苯丙氨酸。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000017
采用上述相同的制备方法，通过实施例6中得到的化合物制备放射性标记的含硼化合物，同样可以得到所述放射性标记的含硼化合物。产物的非时间校正放射化学产率为15-25％，放射化学纯度>98％。
Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-000018
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考，就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种放射性标记的含硼化合物，其特征在于，具有结构
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100001
    其中，
    R 1和R 2为OH或与它们连接的硼原子一起代表可水解为硼酸基的取代基；
    R 3和R 4分别为氢、氨基的保护基或与氨基共同形成用于保护氨基的亚氨基；
    R 5为氢或羧基的保护基；
    B含有 10B。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的含硼化合物，其特征在于，包括
    L构型
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100002
    和D构型
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100003
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的含硼化合物，其特征在于，所述可水解为硼酸基的取代基为硼酸酯基。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的含硼化合物，其特征在于，具有结构
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100004
  5. 制备如权利要求1所述的含硼化合物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：中间体I与 18F离子反应得到所述含硼化合物，所述中间体I具有结构
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100005
    其中，
    R 1和R 2为OH或与它们连接的硼原子一起代表可水解为硼酸基的取代基；R 3和R 4分别为氢、氨基的保护基或与氨基共同形成用于保护氨基的亚氨基；R 5为氢或羧基的保护基；B含有 10B。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    脱保护所述氨基的保护基和/或
    脱保护所述羧基的保护基和/或
    将取代基-BR 1R 2水解为硼酸基，得到化合物
    Figure PCTCN2021097676-appb-100006
  7. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括使用铜催化剂。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间体I与 18F离子反应温度为20-150℃。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间体I与 18F离子反应所使用的溶剂包括水、甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、正丁醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷，或其任意的混合溶剂。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的含硼化合物用途，其特征在于，包括：
    i)作为显像剂；
    ii)制备用于硼中子捕获治疗的药物。
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