WO2021244492A1 - 燃烧器及燃气热水器 - Google Patents

燃烧器及燃气热水器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021244492A1
WO2021244492A1 PCT/CN2021/097443 CN2021097443W WO2021244492A1 WO 2021244492 A1 WO2021244492 A1 WO 2021244492A1 CN 2021097443 W CN2021097443 W CN 2021097443W WO 2021244492 A1 WO2021244492 A1 WO 2021244492A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion chamber
chamber
air
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/097443
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁泽锋
寿利萍
钱晓林
曲绍鹤
李忠华
Original Assignee
芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司
美的集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司, 美的集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司
Publication of WO2021244492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021244492A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of high-temperature air combustion, in particular to a burner and a gas water heater.
  • High temperature air combustion Temperature air combustion is called "mild and deep low-oxygen dilution combustion", or soft combustion for short, is a new type of combustion method, also known as MILD combustion.
  • the main characteristics of this combustion are: the chemical reaction mainly occurs in a high temperature and low oxygen environment, the temperature of the reactants is higher than its natural temperature, and the maximum temperature rise during the combustion process is lower than its natural temperature, and the oxygen volume fraction is extremely diluted by the combustion products. Low concentration, usually 3% to 5%.
  • the main purpose of this application is to propose a burner and gas water heater with high-temperature air combustion function.
  • a burner proposed in this application includes:
  • the casing is formed with an air intake chamber, a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber that are connected in sequence;
  • the air inlet component is set to access the outside air
  • Gas components set to connect to gas
  • An atmospheric burner configured to ignite the mixed gas in the first combustion chamber and heat the temperature in the first combustion chamber to a preset temperature
  • a gas injection pipe the gas outlet of the gas injection pipe communicates with the second combustion chamber, and is configured to inject gas into the second combustion chamber so that high-temperature air combustion is performed in the second combustion chamber.
  • the atmospheric burner has a mixed gas distribution chamber, the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber is respectively communicated with the air inlet assembly and the gas assembly, and the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber is connected to The first combustion chamber communicates with each other.
  • the first combustion chamber forms an ignition area at the ignition location
  • the burner further includes a baffle, the baffle is arranged in the first combustion chamber and enclosed in the ignition area.
  • the enclosure includes an annular baffle provided on the peripheral side of the ignition area.
  • the enclosure is provided with a supplementary air hole connecting the first combustion chamber and the ignition area;
  • a plurality of the air supplement holes are arranged on the enclosure part at intervals along the circumferential direction of the ignition area.
  • the air supplement hole is arranged on the enclosure member close to the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber.
  • the ring-shaped baffle is arranged in a retracted manner in a direction close to the gas outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber.
  • the mixed gas distribution chamber is arranged in a bend along the flow direction of the mixed gas.
  • the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber is arranged in a constricted shape along the flow direction of the mixed gas.
  • the atmospheric burner includes an outer shell forming the mixed gas distribution chamber, a combustion assembly provided at the gas outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber, and a combustion assembly provided in the first combustion chamber and configured to burn Ignition device that ignites the component.
  • the atmospheric burner is provided in the air intake chamber
  • a plurality of the mixed gas distribution chambers are arranged in the air intake chamber at intervals, and an air flow channel is defined between every two adjacent mixed gas distribution chambers.
  • the gas assembly communicates with a plurality of the mixed gas distribution chambers through a gas splitting rod.
  • the gas outlet of the gas splitting rod and the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber are arranged at intervals, and are arranged to communicate the mixed gas distribution chamber and the air inlet chamber at the interval; and/ or,
  • the atmospheric burner includes a housing forming a plurality of the mixed gas distribution chambers, and the housing is provided with an accommodating cavity configured to accommodate the gas splitting rod.
  • the air inlet assembly includes a first housing formed with an air inlet duct, and a fan.
  • the air inlet of the air inlet chamber communicates with the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber.
  • the gas assembly includes a second casing and a gas switching valve, the second casing is formed with two gas flow passages, and the two gas flow passages are respectively connected to the intake air of the mixed gas distribution chamber.
  • the gas inlet is communicated with the gas inlet of the gas injection pipe, and the gas switch valve is arranged in the gas flow channel.
  • a plurality of gas outlets of the gas injection pipe are arranged at intervals on the side of the casing.
  • the casing is provided with a visible window at the second combustion chamber.
  • the burner further includes a flame induction device, the flame induction device is arranged in the first combustion chamber and is close to the atmospheric burner, and the flame induction device is arranged to detect the atmospheric combustion Whether the burner is in a burning state, and when it is detected that it is not in a burning state, the atmospheric burner is controlled to re-ignite.
  • the burner further includes a temperature measuring device, the temperature measuring device is arranged in the second combustion chamber, and the temperature measuring device is configured to detect whether the temperature in the second combustion chamber reaches a preset target temperature .
  • the oxygen concentration in the second combustion chamber is lower than 5%-10%.
  • this application also proposes a gas water heater, including a heat exchanger and a burner, the burner including:
  • the casing is formed with an air intake chamber, a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber that are connected in sequence;
  • the air inlet component is set to access the outside air
  • Gas components set to connect to gas
  • An atmospheric combustor has a mixed gas distribution chamber, the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber is respectively communicated with the air inlet assembly and the gas assembly, and the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber is connected to the first combustion Communicating with the chamber, the atmospheric burner is configured to ignite the mixed gas discharged from the mixed gas distribution chamber into the first combustion chamber, and heat the temperature in the first combustion chamber to a preset temperature; and,
  • a gas injection pipe the gas outlet of the gas injection pipe communicates with the second combustion chamber, and is configured to inject gas into the second combustion chamber so that high-temperature air combustion is performed in the second combustion chamber;
  • the heat exchanger produces hot water by using the heat generated by the burner.
  • the atmospheric burner ignites and mixes the air provided by the air inlet component and the gas provided by the gas component to achieve high-temperature preheating of the air; then the gas injected through the gas injection pipe cooperates to produce entrainment
  • the effect makes the high-temperature flue gas return.
  • it realizes heat preservation so that the gas in the second combustion chamber can ignite spontaneously.
  • it dilutes the air so that the oxygen concentration is lower than a certain value to achieve uniform combustion. In this way, high temperature occurs in the second combustion chamber.
  • the air burns.
  • the present application provides a combustor with high-temperature air combustion function.
  • the structure of the combustor frame can miniaturize components that realize high-temperature air combustion, and has more application space and value. In addition, it has low noise, sufficient combustion and The characteristics of low emission exhaust gas pollution, when applied to gas water heaters and related products and equipment that use gas combustion to produce high-temperature hot water for household bathing and heating, etc., not only meet the requirements, but also bring present It has the effect of full combustion and low pollutant emission that the burner in the water heater does not have.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a burner provided by this application;
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric burner in Fig. 1.
  • Air intake chamber 43 Combustion components
  • the purpose of this application is to use the characteristics of high-temperature air combustion to design a new type of burner and apply it to a gas water heater, so that the gas water heater can effectively reduce CO and NOx emissions and reduce the noise of the gas water heater.
  • This application proposes a burner, which is suitable for gas water heaters and related products and equipment that use gas combustion to generate high-temperature hot water for household bathing and heating, including gas wall-hung boilers.
  • gas water heaters and related products and equipment that use gas combustion to generate high-temperature hot water for household bathing and heating, including gas wall-hung boilers.
  • the following is for ease of understanding, and it is applied to gas water heaters as an example .
  • Figures 1 to 3 are embodiments of the burner provided by this application.
  • the burner provided by the present application includes a casing 1, an air inlet assembly 2, a gas assembly 3, an atmospheric burner 4, and a gas injection pipe 5, wherein the casing 1 is formed with successively connected air
  • the air inlet assembly 2 is used to connect to the outside air;
  • the gas assembly 3 is used to connect to gas;
  • the atmospheric burner 4 is used to connect the first combustion chamber 12
  • the mixed gas inside ignites and heats the temperature in the first combustion chamber 12 to a preset temperature;
  • the gas outlet of the gas injection pipe 5 communicates with the second combustion chamber 13 for injecting gas into the second combustion chamber 13 so that High-temperature air combustion is performed in the second combustion chamber 13.
  • the main characteristics of high-temperature air combustion are: chemical reactions need to occur in a high-temperature and low-oxygen environment, the temperature of the reactants is higher than its auto-ignition temperature, and the maximum temperature rise during the combustion process is lower than its auto-ignition temperature, and the oxygen volume fraction is diluted by the combustion products to Very low concentration.
  • the pyrolysis of the fuel is suppressed, the thickness of the flame becomes thicker, and the front face of the flame disappears, so that the temperature in the entire furnace is very uniform, the combustion peak temperature is low, and the noise is extremely low, and The pollutant NOx and CO emissions are greatly reduced.
  • the air inlet component 2 provides external air for the atmospheric burner 4, the gas component 3 provides gas for the atmospheric burner 4, and the atmospheric burner 4 mixes the air and the gas to form a mixed gas.
  • the atmospheric combustor 4 ignites the mixed gas, so that the mixed gas is fully burned, and a high temperature is formed in the area, so that the air entering the first combustion chamber 12 from the air intake chamber 11 can be preheated at a high temperature to reach the target temperature , The formation of high-temperature flue gas. It can be understood that by controlling the heating temperature, the air in the first combustion chamber 12 can be heated to the target temperature, that is, the aforementioned preset temperature, so that high-temperature preheating of the air is realized.
  • the high-temperature air circulates to the second combustion chamber 13; the gas injection pipe 5 injects gas into the second combustion chamber 13, and the gas is ignited by the high-temperature gas and continues to burn in the second combustion chamber 13, forming an injection combustion area, and, according to the preset
  • the combination of velocity injected fuel gas and high-temperature flue gas will form an entrainment effect in the second combustion chamber 13, forming a flue gas recirculation zone, making part of the high-temperature flue gas (rich in N2 and CO2)
  • the exhaust gas) intensively circulates and dilutes the reactants in the second combustion chamber 13, and then fully dilutes the injected fuel gas and air to form a lower oxygen concentration, reduce the combustion reaction speed, and continue to maintain a higher level in the second combustion chamber 13 To ensure that the temperature in the second combustion chamber 13 is higher than the spontaneous ignition point of the fuel, and realize spontaneous combustion, thereby realizing high-temperature air combustion.
  • this embodiment uses high-temperature preheating air and high-speed jet to achieve entrainment and dilution of high-temperature flue gas, so that the gas and air in the second combustion chamber 13 are evenly mixed, so that the oxygen concentration in the second combustion chamber 13 will also be balanced. , And lower than a certain value, so that not only the gas can be fully burned during combustion, which reduces the emission of pollutants, and the second combustion chamber 13 will also burn evenly, and there will be no local over-burning. The problem of noise.
  • the high-speed jet entrainment also realizes the reflux of high-temperature flue gas, which can keep the temperature of the second combustion chamber 13 higher than the spontaneous ignition point of the fuel, and the combustion can be maintained as long as the gas is continuously supplied.
  • the burned heat can be exchanged with the heat exchanger of the gas water heater to realize the production of hot water.
  • the second combustion chamber 13 may be provided with a flue gas outlet 131, and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged through the flue gas outlet 131.
  • the target temperature of the high-temperature preheated air should not be too low, and should not be lower than 600 degrees Celsius as much as possible. Generally, it can be controlled at 600 to 1200 degrees Celsius to ensure that the high-temperature gas contacts the gas in the second combustion chamber 13 to achieve better automatic combustion. No longer need to ignite.
  • the oxygen concentration of the second combustion chamber 13 is lower than 5%-10%. Since the injection speed of the gas injection pipe 5 is usually determined and set in advance through experiments, it will not change during the subsequent operation of the burner. Therefore, the real-time intake air volume in the second combustion chamber 13 can be adjusted to achieve The oxygen concentration in the second combustion chamber 13 is adjusted, and then the ratio of fuel gas to air is controlled. It is no longer difficult to achieve the control of the oxygen concentration in the second combustion chamber 13 and will not be repeated here.
  • the oxygen concentration in the second combustion chamber 13 can be controlled according to the size of the second combustion chamber 13 and the speed of control injection.
  • the atmospheric burner 4 ignites and mixes the air provided by the air inlet assembly 2 and the gas provided by the gas assembly 3 to achieve high-temperature preheating of the air; then the gas injected through the gas injection pipe 5 cooperates to produce coils
  • the suction effect makes the high-temperature flue gas return.
  • it can achieve heat preservation, so that the gas in the second combustion chamber 13 can spontaneously ignite.
  • High-temperature air combustion occurs in the chamber 13.
  • the present application provides a combustor with high-temperature air combustion function.
  • the structure of the combustor frame can miniaturize components that realize high-temperature air combustion, and has more application space and value.
  • the air inlet assembly 2 is in communication with the atmospheric burner 4 to provide external air to the atmospheric burner 4, and the air inlet assembly 2 may also be in communication with the air intake chamber 11 to provide external air to the air intake chamber 11 ;
  • the gas assembly 3 communicates with the atmospheric burner 4 to provide gas for the atmospheric burner 4, and the gas assembly 3 can also communicate with the gas injection pipe 5 to provide gas for the gas injection pipe 5.
  • the atmospheric combustor 4 has a mixed gas distribution chamber 41, the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is respectively connected with the air inlet assembly 2 and the gas assembly 3, and the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is connected to the first A combustion chamber 12 communicates.
  • the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is used to partially mix and ignite air and fuel gas.
  • the air inlet assembly 2 includes a first housing 21 formed with an air inlet duct (not shown in the drawings), and a fan 22.
  • the fan 22 is arranged in the air inlet duct, and the air outlets of the air inlet duct are respectively connected to The air inlet of the air inlet chamber 11 and the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 communicate with each other.
  • the air flow in the air inlet duct can be adjusted correspondingly; two air outlets of the air inlet duct can be set, and the air outlets of the two air inlet ducts are respectively the air inlets of the air inlet chamber 11 And the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41; alternatively, one air outlet of the air inlet air duct may be provided, and the air outlet of the air inlet air duct communicates with the air inlet of the air inlet chamber 11, and the air inlet chamber 11 It communicates with the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41.
  • valve body assembly (not marked in the drawings) can be provided at the air outlet of the air inlet duct, and by controlling the operation of the valve body assembly, the opening and closing of the air inlet duct and the adjustment of the opening degree are correspondingly controlled. I will not elaborate on it here.
  • the gas assembly 3 includes a second casing 31 and a gas switching valve 32.
  • the second casing 31 is formed with two gas flow passages (not shown in the drawings), and the two gas flow passages are connected to the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 respectively.
  • the gas inlet of the gas injection pipe 5 communicates with the gas inlet of the gas injection pipe 5, and the gas switch valve 32 is arranged in the gas flow path.
  • the gas assembly 3 has an intake pipe, which circulates with the two gas flow passages separately to provide gas for the two gas flow passages;
  • the number of gas switch valves 32 is not limited, and can be set in On the gas pipeline, on at least one gas flow channel, or on the air inlet pipeline and two gas flow channels, to close or open the corresponding air inlet pipeline or gas flow channel according to actual needs, or adjust the corresponding air inlet pipeline or gas The gas flow of the runner.
  • the atmospheric burner 4 includes a housing 42 forming a mixed gas distribution chamber 41, a combustion assembly 43 provided at the outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41, and a combustion assembly 43 provided in the first combustion chamber 12 and used to ignite the combustion assembly 43. Ignition device 44.
  • the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 provides enough space for the mixed gas to be fully mixed, and it also helps to smooth the flow rate of the mixed gas, so that the mixed gas can circulate to the combustion assembly 43 in a uniform and stable state to achieve sufficient and stable combustion;
  • combustion assembly 43 may include, for example, a plate-shaped body (not marked in the drawings), and a plurality of air holes (not marked in the drawings) for the mixed gas to pass through are provided in the thickness direction of the plate-shaped body, which is conducive to the uniform combustion of the mixed gas; of course,
  • the manifestation of the ignition device 44 is also not limited.
  • the ignition device 44 may be, for example, an electronic igniter or an electric heating wire, which will not be described in detail here. It should be noted that the ignition device 44 is arranged closer to the combustion assembly 43, so that the mixed gas entering the combustion chamber from the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 can be quickly ignited without loss.
  • the atmospheric combustor 4 is arranged in the air intake chamber 11, and the intake port of the atmospheric combustor 4 can be connected to the air intake chamber 11 or directly connected to the air intake assembly 2; the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is in the air intake chamber.
  • the number of installations in the chamber 11 is not limited, and it can be set to one or more; when the number of the mixed gas distribution chambers 41 in the air intake chamber 11 is more than one, the plurality of mixed gas distribution chambers 41 are arranged at intervals, and An air flow channel 14 is defined between every two adjacent mixed gas distribution chambers 41.
  • each mixed gas distribution chamber 41 can be arranged correspondingly to be formed in one atmospheric burner 4, or at least two mixed gas distribution chambers 41 can be arranged correspondingly to be formed in one atmospheric burner 4.
  • the gas assembly 3 communicates with the multiple mixed gas distribution chambers 41 through the gas splitting rod 7.
  • the gas distribution rod 7 includes a tubular body (not shown in the drawings), the tubular body has a gas inlet and a plurality of gas outlets, the gas outlet of the gas assembly 3 communicates with the gas inlet of the tubular body, so that the gas diffuses and circulates in the tubular body
  • each gas outlet can correspond to the air inlet of a mixed gas distribution chamber 41 to provide fuel gas to each mixed gas distribution chamber 41.
  • the gas outlet of the gas distribution rod 7 and the gas inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 are spaced apart, so as to communicate the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 and the air inlet chamber 11 at the space.
  • fuel gas can enter the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 through the gas outlet of the gas distribution rod 7, and air can enter the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 from the air intake chamber 11 through the above-mentioned interval, forming a circulating state in which air surrounds the fuel gas, which is beneficial to Increase the contact area between air and gas, thereby improving the mixing efficiency of air and gas.
  • the atmospheric combustor 4 includes a casing 42 forming a plurality of mixed gas distribution chambers 41;
  • the tubular body of the gas distribution rod 7 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 45, which reduces the space occupation of the communication between the atmospheric combustor 4 and the gas distribution rod 7, thereby making the overall structure of the combustor more compact.
  • the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is arranged in a bend along the flow direction of the mixed gas.
  • the flow direction of the mixed gas is the direction from the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 to the outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41; the bent mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is helpful for the limited atmosphere
  • the space in the shell of the type burner 4 is as long as possible to extend the flow path of the mixed gas as long as possible, so as to promote the full mixing of the mixed gas, so that when the mixed gas flows to the combustion assembly 43, the combustion is more complete.
  • the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is arranged in a constricted shape along the flow direction of the mixed gas.
  • the setting of the constriction makes the cross-sectional area of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 have a tendency to first decrease and then become larger; the diameter of the air inlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is larger, which helps to increase the flow of gas and air Volume, so that more mixed gas can enter the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 faster; then, the cross-sectional area of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is gradually reduced, so that the gas and air are concentrated, which helps the gas and air quickly Mix two to form a mixed gas; finally, the cross-sectional area of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 is gradually enlarged, which helps to gradually reduce the flow rate of the mixed gas, so that the state of the mixed gas is gradually gentle, so that enough time can be reserved for the mixed gas to proceed. Mix well.
  • the burner further includes a flame sensing device 46, the flame sensing device 46 is provided in the first combustion chamber 12 and is close to the atmospheric burner 4, and the flame sensing device 46 is used to detect the atmospheric burner 4 Whether it is in a burning state, and when it is detected that it is not in a burning state, control the atmospheric burner 4 to re-ignite.
  • the combustion status of the combustion assembly 43 can be monitored in real time.
  • the combustion status is, for example, the size of the combustion flame, the combustion range, and the combustion temperature, which helps to determine whether the combustion status is abnormal in time and ensure that the atmospheric burner The normal operation of 4, and helps to ensure the MILD combustion quality in the second combustion chamber 13.
  • the burner further includes a temperature measuring device 47, which is provided in the second combustion chamber 13, and the temperature measuring device 47 is used for To detect whether the temperature in the second combustion chamber 13 reaches a preset target temperature.
  • a temperature measuring device 47 which is provided in the second combustion chamber 13, and the temperature measuring device 47 is used for To detect whether the temperature in the second combustion chamber 13 reaches a preset target temperature.
  • the burner may be additionally provided with a control device, which may be independent of the control system of the gas water heater or constitute a part of the control system of the gas water heater.
  • the control device of the burner can be electrically connected with the flame sensor 46, the ignition device 44, the temperature measuring device 47, etc. in the above embodiment, so as to be able to automatically control the flame sensor 46, the ignition device 44, the temperature measuring device 47, etc. , Realize the intelligence of the burner.
  • the control device may be a control chip or a control circuit, which will not be repeated here.
  • the temperature measuring device 47 is arranged close to the flue gas outlet 131. It is helpful to prevent the measurement result of the temperature measuring device 47 from being affected by the combustion assembly 43 or the ignition device 44, and improve the accuracy of the sensing result.
  • the air intake volume of the air intake chamber 11 into the second combustion chamber 13 can be adjusted, or The ratio of gas and air entering the first combustion chamber 12 of the atmospheric burner 4 is adjusted.
  • the temperature of the gas in the second combustion chamber 13 reaches the target temperature, it means that the combustion in the second combustion chamber 13 is normal, which can ensure the full progress of the MILD combustion in the second combustion chamber 13 and ensure low CO&NOX emissions during the entire combustion process. .
  • the casing 1 is provided with a visible window 8 at the second combustion chamber 13.
  • the viewing window 8 may be a through-hole structure opened on the housing 1.
  • the through-hole structure is connected to the second combustion chamber 13, and a transparent panel is installed at the through-hole structure.
  • the visual window 8 can also be a display screen, which displays the image information in the second combustion chamber 13 in real time for the user to confirm the second combustion chamber.
  • the combustion situation in the second combustion chamber 13, where the image information in the second combustion chamber 13 can be obtained by an imaging device that shoots toward the inside of the second combustion chamber 13.
  • the communication method between the imaging device and the display screen is a mature technology, and will not be repeated here.
  • multiple gas outlets of the gas injection pipe 5 are arranged at intervals on the side of the casing 1.
  • Multiple gas outlets can be centrally arranged on one side of the casing 1, or distributed along the circumference of the casing 1.
  • the arrangement of multiple gas outlets enables the gas injection pipe 5 to face the second combustion chamber from multiple directions.
  • the gas in 13 undergoes a high-speed jet, so that more smoke circulates strongly in the second combustion chamber 13, and then the gas in the second combustion chamber 13 is fully diluted to form a lower oxygen concentration and reduce the combustion reaction speed. It also maintains a relatively high temperature in the second combustion chamber 13 to ensure that the temperature in the second combustion chamber 13 is higher than the spontaneous ignition point of the fuel, realizes self-ignition, and ensures the full progress of the MILD combustion in the second combustion chamber 13.
  • the first combustion chamber 12 forms an ignition area at the ignition location; the burner further includes a baffle 6 provided in the first combustion chamber 12 and enclosed in the ignition area .
  • the enclosure 6 can gather the mixed gas discharged from the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 to the first combustion chamber 12 to facilitate combustion and generate smoke, and help reduce the interference between the ignition area and the gas in the first combustion chamber 12.
  • the enclosure 6 can be arranged in a plate shape, and the enclosure 6 and the chamber wall of the first combustion chamber 12 are enclosed together to be set in the ignition area. Peripheral side; Of course, the enclosure 6 can also be an annular baffle set on the peripheral side of the ignition area.
  • the annular baffle may be integrally formed, or may be formed by joining a plurality of plate-shaped components.
  • the baffle 6 is set corresponding to the ignition area, and the ignition area is corresponding to the flame setting formed by the combustion of the combustion assembly 43, which can be set to one or more.
  • the enclosure 6 at least separates the ignition area near the flame from the first combustion chamber 12, so that the air entering the first combustion chamber 12 through the air intake chamber 11 will not interfere with the combustion in the ignition area; On the one hand, the enclosure 6 helps to surround the mixed gas that is collected from the gas outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 and discharged into the first combustion chamber 12, so that the mixed gas is collected at the ignition position of the combustion assembly 43, which is helpful for combustion. Fully proceed.
  • the enclosure 6 is provided with a supplementary air hole 61 that communicates the first combustion chamber 12 and the ignition area.
  • the supplementary air hole 61 allows part of the air to enter the ignition area from the first combustion chamber 12, and adjusts the ratio of air to gas in the ignition area, so that the mixed gas is fully combusted, and sufficient high temperature is generated to preheat the air.
  • a plurality of supplementary air holes 61 are arranged on the enclosure 6 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the ignition area. In this way, the air can enter the ignition area through the multiple air supplement holes 61 from multiple directions, which helps to disperse the air, so that the air can be mixed into the mixed gas more quickly.
  • the supplementary air hole 61 is provided on the enclosure 6 close to the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41. In this way, the air can directly participate in the combustion after entering the ignition area through the supplementary air hole 61, so as to prevent the air from spreading away from the flame in the ignition area and affecting the combustion situation in the ignition area.
  • the air supplement hole 61 can be directly in the shape of a through hole, or an adjustment structure can be provided at the air supplement hole 61.
  • the adjustment structure such as a valve body, can adjust the opening degree of the air supplement hole 61 according to actual needs. Adjust the air intake of the supplementary air hole 61.
  • the ring-shaped baffle is arranged with a narrowing in the direction close to the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41.
  • the mixed gas is discharged from the air outlet of the mixed gas distribution chamber 41 and gathered near the combustion assembly 43 for the combustion assembly 43 to fully burn.
  • the present application also provides a gas water heater.
  • the gas water heater includes a heat exchanger 92 and the burner as described above.
  • the gas water heater includes a main body.
  • the main body is provided with a heat exchange chamber 91 and a drain communicating with the heat exchanger 92.
  • the smoke port 93 and the heat exchanger 92 are arranged in the heat exchange chamber 91, and the flue gas outlet 131 of the combustor is in communication with the heat exchange chamber 91.
  • the heat exchanger 92 is connected to an external water source, such as tap water.
  • the high-temperature flue gas entering the heat exchange chamber 91 through the flue gas outlet 131 of the burner carries enough heat to continuously exchange heat for the tap water in the heat exchanger 92, so that the tap water The temperature is increased to the required level, and hot water is produced.
  • the second combustion chamber 13 may be provided separately from the heat exchange chamber 91, or may be provided integrally with the heat exchange chamber 91.
  • the heat exchanger 92 can be directly arranged in the second combustion chamber 13, so that the flue gas intensively circulated in the second combustion chamber 13 directly faces The heat exchanger 92 exchanges heat.

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Abstract

一种燃烧器，包括壳体（1）、进风组件（2）、燃气组件（3）、大气式燃烧器（4）及燃气喷射管（5），壳体（1）形成空气进气室（11）、第一燃烧室（12）及第二燃烧室（13）；进风组件（2）接入空气；燃气组件（3）接入燃气；大气式燃烧器（4）将第一燃烧室（12）内的混合气体点燃，并将第一燃烧室（12）内的温度加热至预设温度；燃气喷射管（5）与第二燃烧室（13）连通，配置为向第二燃烧室（13）喷射燃气，使得第二燃烧室（13）内进行高温空气燃烧。一种燃气热水器包括该燃烧器。

Description

燃烧器及燃气热水器
相关申请
本申请要求2020年05月30日，申请号为202010487272.4，申请名称为“燃烧器及燃气热水器”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及高温空气燃烧技术领域，特别涉及一种燃烧器及燃气热水器。
 背景技术
高温空气燃烧（high temperature air combustion)称为“温和与深度低氧稀释燃烧”，简称柔和燃烧是一种新型的燃烧方式，又称MILD燃烧。该燃烧的主要特点是：化学反应主要发生在高温低氧的环境中，反应物温度高于其自然温度，并且燃烧过程中最大温升低于其自然温度，氧气体积分数被燃烧产物稀释到极低的浓度，通常为3%～5%。相比于常规燃烧，在这种燃烧状态下，燃料的热解受到抑制，火焰厚度变厚，火焰前锋面消失，从而使得在这种燃烧时整个炉膛的温度非常均匀，降低了热力型氮氧化物生成，污染物NOx和CO排放大幅度降低。
虽然高温空气燃烧具有上述诸多优点，但是，目前都是工业应用，并没有用于日常生活中。
 技术问题
本申请的主要目的是提出一种具有高温空气燃烧功能的燃烧器及燃气热水器。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本申请提出的一种燃烧器，包括：
壳体，形成有依次连通的空气进气室、第一燃烧室及第二燃烧室；
进风组件，设置为接入外部空气；
燃气组件，设置为接入燃气；
大气式燃烧器，设置为将所述第一燃烧室内的混合气体点燃，并将所述第一燃烧室内的温度加热至预设温度；以及，
燃气喷射管，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口与所述第二燃烧室连通，设置为向所述第二燃烧室喷射燃气，使得所述第二燃烧室内进行高温空气燃烧。
可选地，所述大气式燃烧器具有混合气体分配室，所述混合气体分配室的进气口分别与所述进风组件和所述燃气组件连通，所述混合气体分配室的出气口与所述第一燃烧室连通。
可选地，所述第一燃烧室在所述点燃处形成点燃区域；
所述燃烧器还包括围挡件，所述围挡件设于所述第一燃烧室内，且围设于所述点燃区域。
可选地，所述围挡件包括设于所述点燃区域周侧的环形挡板。
可选地，所述围挡件设有连通所述第一燃烧室和所述点燃区域的补气孔；
所述补气孔在所述围挡件上沿所述点燃区域的周向间隔布设有多个。
可选地，所述补气孔在所述围挡件上靠近所述混合气体分配室的出气口设置。
可选地，所述环形挡板在靠近所述混合气体分配室的出气口的方向上呈缩口设置。
可选地，所述混合气体分配室沿混合气体的流通方向呈弯折设置。
可选地，所述混合气体分配室的进气口沿混合气体的流通方向呈缩口设置。
可选地，所述大气式燃烧器包括形成所述混合气体分配室的外壳、设于所述混合气体分配室的出气口处的燃烧组件及设于所述第一燃烧室内且设置为对燃烧组件进行点火的点火装置。
可选地，所述大气式燃烧器设于所述空气进气室；
所述混合气体分配室在所述空气进气室内间隔布设有多个，相邻的每两个所述混合气体分配室之间限定出一空气流道。
可选地，所述燃气组件通过分气杆与多个所述混合气体分配室连通。
可选地，所述分气杆的气体出口与所述混合气体分配室的进气口间隔设置，设置为在所述间隔处连通所述混合气体分配室与所述空气进气室；和/或，
所述大气式燃烧器包括形成多个所述混合气体分配室的外壳，所述外壳设有设置为容置所述分气杆的容置腔。
可选地，所述进风组件包括形成有进风风道的第一机壳、以及风机，所述风机设于所述进风风道，所述进风风道的出气口分别与所述空气进气室的进气口及所述混合气体分配室的进气口连通。
可选地，所述燃气组件包括第二机壳以及燃气开关阀，所述第二机壳形成有两个燃气流道，所述两个燃气流道分别与所述混合气体分配室的进气口以及所述燃气喷射管的燃气进口连通，所述燃气开关阀设于所述燃气流道。
可选地，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口在所述壳体的侧部间隔布设有多个。
可选地，所述壳体在所述第二燃烧室处设有可视窗口。
可选地，所述燃烧器还包括火焰感应装置，所述火焰感应装置设于所述第一燃烧室内，且靠近所述大气式燃烧器，所述火焰感应装置设置为检测所述大气式燃烧器是否处于燃烧状态，当检测到未处于燃烧状态时，控制所述大气式燃烧器重新点火。
可选地，所述燃烧器还包括测温装置，所述测温装置设于所述第二燃烧室内，所述测温装置设置为检测所述第二燃烧室内的温度是否到达预设目标温度。
可选地，所述第二燃烧室内的氧气浓度低于5% ~ 10%。
此外，为实现上述目的，本申请还提出一种燃气热水器，包括换热器及燃烧器，所述燃烧器包括：
壳体，形成有依次连通的空气进气室、第一燃烧室及第二燃烧室；
进风组件，设置为接入外部空气；
燃气组件，设置为接入燃气；
大气式燃烧器，具有混合气体分配室，所述混合气体分配室的进气口分别与所述进风组件和所述燃气组件连通，所述混合气体分配室的出气口与所述第一燃烧室连通，所述大气式燃烧器设置为将所述混合气体分配室排放至所述第一燃烧室内的混合气体点燃，并将所述第一燃烧室内的温度加热至预设温度；以及，
燃气喷射管，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口与所述第二燃烧室连通，设置为向所述第二燃烧室喷射燃气，使得所述第二燃烧室内进行高温空气燃烧；
所述换热器通过所述燃烧器产生的热量制得热水。
 有益效果
本申请提供的技术方案中，大气式燃烧器点燃并混合由进风组件提供的空气及由燃气组件提供的燃气，实现了高温预热空气；再通过燃气喷射管喷射的燃气进行配合产生卷吸效应，使得高温烟气回流，一方面实现保温，使得第二燃烧室内燃气能够自燃，另一方面稀释空气，使氧气浓度低于一定值，实现均匀燃烧，如此，便使得第二燃烧室内发生高温空气燃烧。本申请提供的一种具有高温空气燃烧功能的燃烧器，该燃烧器框架的结构，能够将实现高温空气燃烧的组件小型化，具有更多的应用空间和价值，又加之噪音低、燃烧充分以及排放废气污染小的特点，在应用于燃气热水器以及包括燃气壁挂炉等使用燃气燃烧产生高温热水进行家庭沐浴及采暖等使用的相关产品和设备时，不仅满足了要求，而且还带来了现有热水器中燃烧器所不具备的燃烧充分、低污染物排放的效果。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的燃烧器的一实施例的截面示意图；
图2为图1中A处的放大示意图；
图3为图1中大气式燃烧器的剖面示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号名称标号名称
1       壳体         42     外壳
11     空气进气室     43     燃烧组件
12     第一燃烧室     44     点火装置
13     第二燃烧室     45     容置腔
131  烟气出口         46     火焰感应装置
14     空气流道         47     测温装置
2       进风组件         5       燃气喷射管
21     第一机壳         6       围挡件
22     风机         61     补气孔
3       燃气组件         7       分气杆
31     第二机壳         8       可视窗口
32     燃气开关阀     91     换热室
4       大气式燃烧器         92     换热器
41     混合气体分配室     93     排烟口
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
 本发明的实施方式
本申请的目的是利用高温空气燃烧的特性，设计新型的燃烧器，以及应用于燃气热水器，使燃气热水器能够有效减少CO和NOx的排放并降低燃气热水器的噪音。
本申请提出一种燃烧器，适用于燃气热水器以及包括燃气壁挂炉等使用燃气燃烧产生高温热水进行家庭沐浴及采暖等使用的相关产品和设备，以下为方便理解，以应用于燃气热水器为例。图1至图3为本申请提供的燃烧器的实施例。
请参阅图1至图3，本申请提供的燃烧器包括壳体1、进风组件2、燃气组件3、大气式燃烧器4以及燃气喷射管5，其中，壳体1形成有依次连通的空气进气室11、第一燃烧室12及第二燃烧室13；进风组件2用于接入外部空气；燃气组件3用于接入燃气；大气式燃烧器4用于将第一燃烧室12内的混合气体点燃，并将第一燃烧室12内的温度加热至预设温度；燃气喷射管5的燃气出口与第二燃烧室13连通，以用于向第二燃烧室13喷射燃气，使得第二燃烧室13内进行高温空气燃烧。
高温空气燃烧的主要特点是：化学反应需要发生在高温低氧的环境中，反应物温度高于其自燃温度，并且燃烧过程中最大温升低于其自燃温度，氧气体积分数被燃烧产物稀释到极低的浓度。相比于常规燃烧，在这种燃烧状态下，燃料的热解受到抑制，火焰厚度变厚，火焰前锋面消失，从而使得在整个炉膛的温度非常均匀，燃烧峰值温度低且噪音极小，且污染物NOx和CO排放大幅度降低。但是，达成高温空气燃烧需要一定的条件：需要保证炉内大部分区域的氧气浓度低于一定值，一般是低于5% ~ 10%，保证燃气被充分燃解以及燃烧均匀，并且温度要高于燃料的自燃点，维持自燃。
本实施例中，进风组件2为大气式燃烧器4提供外部空气，燃气组件3为大气式燃烧器4提供燃气，大气式燃烧器4混合所述空气和所述燃气，以形成混合气体，大气式燃烧器4点燃混合气体，使得混合气体充分燃烧，在所在区域内形成高温，从而能够对自空气进气室11进入第一燃烧室12内的空气进行高温预热，使其达到目标温度，形成高温烟气。可以理解的是，控制加热的温度，可以将第一燃烧室12内的空气加热至目标温度，也即上述所说的预设温度，如此，便实现了对空气的高温预热。高温空气流通至第二燃烧室13；燃气喷射管5朝第二燃烧室13内喷射燃气，燃气被高温气体点燃而在第二燃烧室13内持续燃烧，形成喷射燃烧区域，并且，按照预设速度喷射的燃气与高温烟气配合，会在第二燃烧室13内形成卷吸效应，形成烟气回流区，使得部分高温烟气（富含 N2和 CO2 的废气）在第二燃烧室13内强烈内部循环稀释反应物，继而将喷射的燃气与空气充分稀释，形成较低的氧气浓度，降低燃烧反应速度，并继续维持第二燃烧室13内较高的温度，保证第二燃烧室13内的温度高于燃料的自燃点，实现自燃，从而实现了高温空气燃烧。
需要说明的是，本实施例通过高温预热空气并配合高速射流实现卷吸高温烟气并稀释，使第二燃烧室13燃气和空气混合均匀，这样第二燃烧室13的氧气浓度也会均衡，并低于一定值，这样，燃烧的时候不仅燃气能够得到充分燃烧，这样就降低了污染物的排放，并且，第二燃烧室13内也会燃烧均匀，不会出现局部燃烧过旺而产生噪音的问题。另外，通过高速射流卷吸还实现了高温烟气的回流，就能够保持第二燃烧室13温度高于燃料的自燃点，只要持续通入燃气就可以维持燃烧。燃烧后的热量可以与燃气热水器的换热器进行换热，以实现制得热水。其中，第二燃烧室13可设置烟气出口131，燃烧后的废气通过烟气出口131排出。
此外，高温预热空气的目标温度不能太低，尽量不能低于600摄氏度，一般控制在600至1200摄氏度可以保证高温气体与第二燃烧室13内的燃气接触时，实现较好的自动燃烧，不再需要点火起燃。实现高温预热空气的方案可以有多种，例如可以通过控制加热时间、控制燃气与空气比例、进行保温、增加高温气体在第二燃烧室13内的停留时间等方式实现。
在本实施例中，第二燃烧室13的氧气浓度低于5% ~ 10%。由于燃气喷射管5的喷射速度通常是通过试验预先确定和设置好的，在燃烧器的之后工作过程中基本不会改变，因此，可以通过调节第二燃烧室13内的实时进风风量，来调节第二燃烧室13内的氧气浓度，继而实现对燃气与空气比例的控制。实现第二燃烧室13内的氧气浓度大小控制则并已不具备难度，此处则不再赘述。第二燃烧室13内的氧气浓度的大小可以根据第二燃烧室13的大小及控制喷射的速度进行控制。
本实施例中，大气式燃烧器4点燃并混合由进风组件2提供的空气及由燃气组件3提供的燃气，实现了高温预热空气；再通过燃气喷射管5喷射的燃气进行配合产生卷吸效应，使得高温烟气回流，一方面实现保温，使得第二燃烧室13内燃气能够自燃，另一方面稀释空气，使氧气浓度低于一定值，实现均匀燃烧，如此，便使得第二燃烧室13内发生高温空气燃烧。本申请提供的一种具有高温空气燃烧功能的燃烧器，该燃烧器框架的结构，能够将实现高温空气燃烧的组件小型化，具有更多的应用空间和价值，又加之噪音低、燃烧充分以及排放废气污染小的特点，在应用于燃气热水器以及包括燃气壁挂炉等使用燃气燃烧产生高温热水进行家庭沐浴及采暖等使用的相关产品和设备时，不仅满足了要求，而且还带来了现有热水器中燃烧器所不具备的燃烧充分、低污染物排放的效果。
可以理解的是，进风组件2与大气式燃烧器4连通，以为大气式燃烧器4提供外部空气，进风组件2也可以与空气进气室11连通，以为空气进气室11提供外部空气；同理地，燃气组件3与大气式燃烧器4连通，以为大气式燃烧器4提供燃气，燃气组件3也可以与燃气喷射管5连通，以为燃气喷射管5提供燃气。
基于上述，可选地，大气式燃烧器4具有混合气体分配室41，混合气体分配室41的进气口分别与进风组件2和燃气组件3连通，混合气体分配室41的出气口与第一燃烧室12连通。混合气体分配室41用于对空气及燃气进行部分混合并点燃。
可选地，进风组件2包括形成有进风风道（附图未标示）的第一机壳21、以及风机22，风机22设于进风风道，进风风道的出气口分别与空气进气室11的进气口及混合气体分配室41的进气口连通。通过控制风机22工作，可对应调节进风风道内的空气流量；可以设置进风风道的出气口有两个，两个进风风道的出气口分别与空气进气室11的进气口及混合气体分配室41的进气口连通；或者，可以设置进风风道的出气口有一个，进风风道的出气口与空气进气室11的进气口连通，空气进气室11与混合气体分配室41的进气口连通。进一步地，可以在进风风道的出气口处设置一阀体组件（附图未标示），通过控制阀体组件工作，对应控制进风风道的打开、关闭以及开度大小的调节，此处不做详述。
可选地，燃气组件3包括第二机壳31以及燃气开关阀32，第二机壳31形成有两个燃气流道（附图未标示），两个燃气流道分别与混合气体分配室41的进气口以及燃气喷射管5的燃气进口连通，燃气开关阀32设于燃气流道。可以设置燃气组件3具有一进气管路，所述进气管路与两个燃气流道分别流通，以为两个燃气流道分别提供燃气；燃气开关阀32的设置数量不做限制，可以设置在进气管路上、设置在至少一个燃气流道上、或者设置在进气管路与两个燃气流道上，以根据实际需要关闭或者打开对应的进气管路或者燃气流道，或者调节对应的进气管路或者燃气流道的燃气流量。
大气式燃烧器4包括形成混合气体分配室41的外壳42、设于混合气体分配室41的出气口处的燃烧组件43及设于第一燃烧室12内且用于对燃烧组件43进行点火的点火装置44。混合气体分配室41提供足够的空间供混合气体进行充分混合，同时也利于平缓混合气体的流速，使得混合气体能够以均匀平稳的状态流通至燃烧组件43处，实现充分且稳定的燃烧；燃烧组件43例如可以包括板状本体（附图未标示），且在板状本体的厚度方向上设置供混合气体通过的多个过气孔（附图未标示），有利于混合气体的均匀燃烧；当然，点火装置44的表现形式同样不做限制，点火装置44可以是例如电子点火器或者电加热丝，此处不做详述。需要说明的是，点火装置44设置为更靠近燃烧组件43设置，使得自混合气体分配室41进入燃烧室的混合气体能够被快速点燃而不产生损耗。
大气式燃烧器4设于空气进气室11，且大气式燃烧器4的进气口可以与空气进气室11连通，或者直接与进风组件2连通；混合气体分配室41在空气进气室11内的设置数量不做限制，可以设置为一个或者多个；当混合气体分配室41在空气进气室11内的设置数量为多个时，多个混合气体分配室41间隔布设，且相邻的每两个混合气体分配室41之间限定出一空气流道14。如此，可在空气进气室11内形成一个或者多个空气流道14，确保空气流道14邻近混合气体分配室41，以能够更靠近位于混合气体分配室41的出气口处的燃烧组件43，实现快速地高温预热；并且，多个空气流道14有助于分散空气的流通，使得空气均匀流通至每一混合气体分配室41的出气口处，提高高温预热效率。需要说明的是，可设置每一混合气体分配室41对应形成在一个大气式燃烧器4内，或者，设置至少两个混合气体分配室41对应形成在一个大气式燃烧器4内。
当混合气体分配室41设有多个时，燃气组件3通过分气杆7与多个混合气体分配室41连通。分气杆7包括管状主体（附图未标示），所述管状主体具有一个气体进口以及多个气体出口，燃气组件3的出气口与管状主体的气体进口连通，使得燃气在管状主体内扩散流通至各个气体出口处，每一气体出口可对应连通一混合气体分配室41的进气口，以为每一混合气体分配室41提供燃气。
进一步地，可选地，分气杆7的气体出口与混合气体分配室41的进气口间隔设置，以在间隔处连通混合气体分配室41与空气进气室11。如此，燃气可通过分气杆7的气体出口进入混合气体分配室41内，空气可自空气进气室11经上述的间隔处进入混合气体分配室41，形成空气围拢燃气的流通状态，有利于增加空气与燃气的接触面积，从而提高空气与燃气的混合效率。
基于上述，大气式燃烧器4包括形成多个混合气体分配室41的外壳42；外壳42设有用以容置分气杆7的容置腔45。分气杆7的管状主体容置在容置腔45内，减小大气式燃烧器4与分气杆7连通处的空间占用，从而使得燃烧器的整体结构更为紧凑。
可选地，混合气体分配室41沿混合气体的流通方向呈弯折设置。所述混合气体的流通方向也即自混合气体分配室41的进气口至混合气体分配室41的出气口的方向；弯折设置的所述混合气体分配室41，有助于在有限的大气式燃烧器4的壳内空间，尽可能延长混合气体的流通路径长，从而能够促进混合气体的充分混合，使得混合气体流通至燃烧组件43处时，燃烧更为充分。
可选地，混合气体分配室41的进气口沿混合气体的流通方向呈缩口设置。所述缩口设置使得混合气体分配室41的横截面积具有先变小后变大的变化趋势；设置混合气体分配室41的进气口的口径较大，有助于增加燃气与空气的流通量，使得更多的混合气体能够更快地进入混合气体分配室41内；接着，设置混合气体分配室41的横截面积逐渐变小，使得燃气与空气集中聚拢，有助于燃气与空气快速混合二形成混合气体；最后，设置混合气体分配室41的横截面积逐渐变大，有助于逐渐降低混合气体的流速，使得混合气体的状态逐渐平缓，从而能够预留足够时间供混合气体进行充分混合。
进一步地，在上述实施例中，燃烧器还包括火焰感应装置46，火焰感应装置46设于第一燃烧室12内，且靠近大气式燃烧器4，火焰感应装置46用于检测大气式燃烧器4是否处于燃烧状态、以及在检测到未处于燃烧状态时，控制大气式燃烧器4重新点火。通过设置火焰感应装置46，可对燃烧组件43的燃烧状态进行实时监测，燃烧状态例如是燃烧火焰大小、燃烧范围及燃烧温度等，有助于及时判断燃烧状态是否出现异常，确保大气式燃烧器4的正常工作，且有助于保障第二燃烧室13内的MILD燃烧质量。
为了进一步确保第二燃烧室13内的燃烧温度高于燃料的自燃点，可选地，燃烧器还包括测温装置47，测温装置47设于第二燃烧室13内，测温装置47用于检测第二燃烧室13内温度是否到达预设目标温度。通过测温装置47的实时监测，能够在监测到第二燃烧室13内的温度出现异常时，提醒用户或者反馈到燃烧器的控制装置进行处理。
可以理解的是，可选地，燃烧器可以额外设置一控制装置，该控制装置可以独立于燃气热水器的控制系统，或者构成燃气热水器的控制系统的一部分。燃烧器的控制装置可与上述实施例中的火焰感应装置46、点火装置44以及测温装置47等电性连接，以能够对火焰感应装置46、点火装置44以及测温装置47等进行自动控制，实现燃烧器的智能化。其中，控制装置可以是控制芯片或者是控制电路，此处不做赘述。
进一步地，在上述实施例中，测温装置47靠近烟气出口131设置。有助于防止测温装置47的测量结果受到燃烧组件43或者点火装置44等影响，提高感测结果的准确度。在应用时，当第二燃烧室13内气体的温度未达到目标温度，即表征第二燃烧室13内的燃烧失衡，可以对空气进气室11进入第二燃烧室13的进风量、或者对大气式燃烧器4进入第一燃烧室12的燃气和空气比例进行调整。当第二燃烧室13内气体的温度达到目标温度时，即表征第二燃烧室13内的燃烧正常，能够保证第二燃烧室13内MILD燃烧的充分进行，确保整个燃烧过程中的低CO&NOX排放。
可选地，壳体1在第二燃烧室13处设有可视窗口8。可视窗口8的技术方案有多种，例如，可视窗口8可以是开设在壳体1上的通孔结构，通孔结构连通至第二燃烧室13，通孔结构处安装有透明的面板，供用户通过透明的面板观察第二燃烧室13内的燃烧情况；可视窗口8也可以是显示屏幕，显示屏幕通过实时显示第二燃烧室13内的图像信息，供用户确认第二燃烧室13内的燃烧情况，其中，第二燃烧室13内的图像信息可以通过朝向第二燃烧室13内拍摄的成像设备获得，成像设备与显示屏幕的通讯方式为成熟技术，此处不做赘述。
可选地，燃气喷射管5的燃气出口在壳体1的侧部间隔布设有多个。多个燃气出口可以集中设置在壳体1的一侧，也可以沿壳体1的周向分散布设；多个燃气出口的设置，使得燃气喷射管5能够从多个方位对第二燃烧室13内的气体进行高速射流，使得更多的烟气在第二燃烧室13内强烈循环，继而对第二燃烧室13内的气体进行充分稀释，形成较低的氧气浓度，降低燃烧反应速度，并维持第二燃烧室13内的较高温度，保证第二燃烧室13内的温度高于燃料的自燃点，实现自燃，确保第二燃烧室13内MILD燃烧的充分进行。
可选地，第一燃烧室12在所述点燃处形成点燃区域；所述燃烧器还包括围挡件6，围挡件6设于第一燃烧室12内，且围设于所述点燃区域。围挡件6能够聚拢自混合气体分配室41排放至第一燃烧室12的混合气体，以利于燃烧并产生烟气，且有助于降低点燃区域与第一燃烧室12内气体的相互干扰。
实现上述功能的围挡件6的技术方案有多种，围挡件6可以呈板状设置，且围挡件6与第一燃烧室12的室壁之间共同围合而设置在点燃区域的周侧；当然，围挡件6也可以是设置于点燃区域周侧的环形挡板。环形挡板可以呈一体成型设置，也可以由多个板状组件接合构成。围挡件6对应点燃区域设置，点燃区域对应燃烧组件43燃烧形成的火焰设置，可以设置为一个或者多个。一方面，围挡件6至少分隔靠近火焰处的点燃区域与第一燃烧室12，使得经空气进气室11进入第一燃烧室12的空气不会对点燃区域内的燃烧情况产生干扰；另一方面，围挡件6有助于围拢聚集自混合气体分配室41的出气口排放至第一燃烧室12内的混合气体，使得混合气体聚集在燃烧组件43的点火处，有助于燃烧的充分进行。
进一步地，可选地，围挡件6设有连通第一燃烧室12和点燃区域的补气孔61。补气孔61可供部分空气自第一燃烧室12进入点燃区域内，调节点燃区域内的空气与燃气比例，使得混合气体充分燃烧，产生足够的高温来预热空气。
更进一步地，补气孔61在围挡件6上沿点燃区域的周向间隔布设有多个。如此，可使得空气能够自多个方位经多个补气孔61进入点燃区域，有助于分散空气，使得空气更快地混入混合气体内。
可选地，补气孔61在围挡件6上靠近混合气体分配室41的出气口设置。如此，可使得空气经补气孔61进入点燃区域后直接参与燃烧，避免空气在点燃区域内远离火焰处扩散而影响点燃区域的燃烧情况。
需要说明的是，补气孔61可以直接呈通孔状，也可以在补气孔61处设置一调节结构，所述调节结构例如阀体等，可根据实际需要调节补气孔61的开度，从而对应调节补气孔61的空气进量。
可选地，环形挡板在靠近混合气体分配室41的出气口的方向上呈缩口设置。如此，使得混合气体自混合气体分配室41的出气口排出后聚拢在靠近燃烧组件43处，供燃烧组件43充分燃烧。
此外，本申请还提供一种燃气热水器，燃气热水器包括换热器92及如上所述的燃烧器，当然，燃气热水器包括主体，主体内设置有换热室91及与换热器92连通的排烟口93，换热器92设置在换热室91内，燃烧器的烟气出口131与换热室91连通。换热器92接入外部水源，例如是自来水，经燃烧器的烟气出口131进入换热室91的高温烟气携带足够热量，对换热器92内的自来水进行持续换热，使得自来水的温度升高至所需，制得热水。
第二燃烧室13可以与换热室91分体设置，也可以与换热室91一体设置。当第二燃烧室13与换热室91一体设置时，可以理解的是，换热器92可以直接设置在第二燃烧室13内，使得在第二燃烧室13内强烈循环的烟气直接对换热器92进行换热。
需要说明的是，燃气热水器内的燃烧器的详细结构可参照上述燃烧器的实施例，此处不再赘述；由于在本申请燃气热水器中使用了上述燃烧器，因此，本申请燃气热水器的实施例包括上述燃烧器全部实施例的全部技术方案，且所达到的技术效果也完全相同，在此不再赘述。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种燃烧器，其中，所述燃烧器包括：
    壳体，形成有依次连通的空气进气室、第一燃烧室及第二燃烧室；
    进风组件，设置为接入外部空气；
    燃气组件，设置为接入燃气；
    大气式燃烧器，设置为将所述第一燃烧室内的混合气体点燃，并将所述第一燃烧室内的温度加热至预设温度；以及，
    燃气喷射管，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口与所述第二燃烧室连通，设置为向所述第二燃烧室喷射燃气，使得所述第二燃烧室内进行高温空气燃烧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其中，所述大气式燃烧器具有混合气体分配室，所述混合气体分配室的进气口分别与所述进风组件和所述燃气组件连通，所述混合气体分配室的出气口与所述第一燃烧室连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述第一燃烧室在所述点燃处形成点燃区域；
    所述燃烧器还包括围挡件，所述围挡件设于所述第一燃烧室内，且围设于所述点燃区域。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的燃烧器，其中，所述围挡件包括设于所述点燃区域周侧的环形挡板。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的燃烧器，其中，所述围挡件设有连通所述第一燃烧室和所述点燃区域的补气孔；
    所述补气孔在所述围挡件上沿所述点燃区域的周向间隔布设有多个。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的燃烧器，其中，所述补气孔在所述围挡件上靠近所述混合气体分配室的出气口设置。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的燃烧器，其中，所述环形挡板在靠近所述混合气体分配室的出气口的方向上呈缩口设置。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述混合气体分配室沿混合气体的流通方向呈弯折设置。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述混合气体分配室的进气口沿混合气体的流通方向呈缩口设置。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述大气式燃烧器包括形成所述混合气体分配室的外壳、设于所述混合气体分配室的出气口处的燃烧组件及设于所述第一燃烧室内且设置为对燃烧组件进行点火的点火装置。
  11. 如权利要求2至9任意一项所述的燃烧器，其中，所述大气式燃烧器设于所述空气进气室；
    所述混合气体分配室在所述空气进气室内间隔布设有多个，相邻的每两个所述混合气体分配室之间限定出一空气流道。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的燃烧器，其中，所述燃气组件通过分气杆与多个所述混合气体分配室连通。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的燃烧器，其中，所述分气杆的气体出口与所述混合气体分配室的进气口间隔设置，设置为在所述间隔处连通所述混合气体分配室与所述空气进气室；和/或，
    所述大气式燃烧器包括形成多个所述混合气体分配室的外壳，所述外壳设有设置为容置所述分气杆的容置腔。
  14. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述进风组件包括形成有进风风道的第一机壳、以及风机，所述风机设于所述进风风道，所述进风风道的出气口分别与所述空气进气室的进气口及所述混合气体分配室的进气口连通。
  15. 如权利要求2所述的燃烧器，其中，所述燃气组件包括第二机壳以及燃气开关阀，所述第二机壳形成有两个燃气流道，所述两个燃气流道分别与所述混合气体分配室的进气口以及所述燃气喷射管的燃气进口连通，所述燃气开关阀设于所述燃气流道。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其中，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口在所述壳体的侧部间隔布设有多个。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其中，所述壳体在所述第二燃烧室处设有可视窗口。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其中，所述燃烧器还包括火焰感应装置，所述火焰感应装置设于所述第一燃烧室内，且靠近所述大气式燃烧器，所述火焰感应装置设置为检测所述大气式燃烧器是否处于燃烧状态，当检测到未处于燃烧状态时，控制所述大气式燃烧器重新点火。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的燃烧器，其中，所述燃烧器还包括测温装置，所述测温装置设于所述第二燃烧室内，所述测温装置设置为检测所述第二燃烧室内的温度是否到达预设目标温度。
  20. 一种燃气热水器，其中，包括换热器及燃烧器，所述换热器通过所述燃烧器产生的热量制得热水，所述燃烧器包括：
    壳体，形成有依次连通的空气进气室、第一燃烧室及第二燃烧室；
    进风组件，设置为接入外部空气；
    燃气组件，设置为接入燃气；
    大气式燃烧器，设置为将所述第一燃烧室内的混合气体点燃，并将所述第一燃烧室内的温度加热至预设温度；以及，
    燃气喷射管，所述燃气喷射管的燃气出口与所述第二燃烧室连通，设置为向所述第二燃烧室喷射燃气，使得所述第二燃烧室内进行高温空气燃烧。
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