WO2021241086A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法、レジスト膜、電子デバイスの製造方法、化合物、化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法、レジスト膜、電子デバイスの製造方法、化合物、化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GWHRZSRPXRJIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M tris(4-fluorophenyl)sulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GWHRZSRPXRJIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07C303/22—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof from sulfonic acids, by reactions not involving the formation of sulfo or halosulfonyl groups; from sulfonic halides by reactions not involving the formation of halosulfonyl groups
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- C07C323/20—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton with singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07D217/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines
- C07D217/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
- G03F7/0397—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition the macromolecular compound having an alicyclic moiety in a side chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
- C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/56—Ring systems containing bridged rings
- C07C2603/58—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings
- C07C2603/70—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
- C07C2603/74—Adamantanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/56—Ring systems containing bridged rings
- C07C2603/86—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing four rings
- C07C2603/88—Ethanoanthracenes; Hydrogenated ethanoanthracenes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, a resist film, a method for producing an electronic device, a compound, and a method for producing a compound.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a predetermined compound as an acid generator used in a photosensitive composition, and examples thereof include the following compounds.
- the present inventors specifically examined the properties of the above compounds disclosed in Patent Document 1, and found that a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing the compound described in Patent Document 1 was obtained. It was found that there is room for improvement in the LWR (line width compound) performance of the pattern to be used.
- An actinic light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising a resin having a repeating unit having a group that decomposes by the action of an acid and has an increasing polarity.
- the actinic light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition further contains, apart from the resin, a compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (1) described later, or A sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, wherein the resin further has a repeating unit having a cation represented by the general formula (1) described later, in addition to the repeating unit.
- the actinic light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (1).
- the compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (2) described later and the compound represented by the general formula (3) described later.
- the actinic or radiation sensitive resin composition according to (1) which comprises at least one of the above.
- (9) A compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (1) described later.
- (10) The compound according to (9), which is a compound represented by the general formula (2) described later or a compound represented by the general formula (3) described later.
- (11) The compound according to (9) or (10), wherein X d1 is a sulfur atom.
- (12) In any of (9) to (11), in the general formula (1), the group whose polarity is increased by decomposition due to the action of an acid is the group represented by the general formula (a-1) described later.
- (13) The compound according to any one of (9) to (12), wherein n is an integer of 2 to 3 or p is an integer of 2 to 5 in the general formula (1).
- a method for producing a compound which comprises producing a compound having at least one cation represented by.
- a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of obtaining a pattern having excellent LWR performance. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a resist film, a pattern forming method, an electronic device manufacturing method, a compound, and a compound manufacturing method for the above-mentioned sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the numerical range represented by using "-" in the present specification means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the notation not describing substitution or non-substitution includes a group having a substituent as well as a group having no substituent.
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- the substituent is preferably a monovalent substituent unless otherwise specified.
- the term "organic group” refers to a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the bonding direction of the divalent group described in the present specification is not limited unless otherwise specified.
- Y when Y is -COO-, Y may be -CO-O-, or -O-CO-. You may. Further, the compound may be "X-CO-O-Z" or "X-O-CO-Z".
- (meth) acrylic as used herein is a general term including acrylic and methacrylic, and means “at least one of acrylic and methacrylic".
- (meth) acrylic acid means “at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid”.
- the term “active light” or “radiation” refers to, for example, the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, and electron beams (EB:). It means Electron Beam) and the like.
- the term “light” means active light or radiation.
- exposure refers not only to exposure to the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, exposure to far-ultraviolet rays such as an excimer laser (ArF excimer laser, etc.), X-rays, EUV light, etc., but also to electron beams. , And drawing with particle beams such as ion beams.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw), the number average molecular weight (Mn), and the degree of dispersion (hereinafter, also referred to as “molecular weight distribution”) (Mw / Mn) of the resin are GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) apparatus (Tosoh).
- HLC-8120GPC manufactured by HLC-8120GPC
- solvent tetrahydrofuran
- flow rate sample injection amount
- column TSK gel Multipore HXL-M manufactured by Toso Co., Ltd.
- column temperature 40 ° C.
- flow velocity 1.0 mL / min
- detector Defined as a polystyrene-equivalent value by a differential index detector (Refractive Index Detector).
- 1 ⁇ is 1 ⁇ 10 -10 m.
- the acid dissociation constant (pKa) in the present specification represents pKa in an aqueous solution, and specifically, a value based on a database of Hammett's substituent constants and known literature values using the following software package 1. Is a value obtained by calculation. All pKa values described herein indicate values calculated using this software package.
- pKa can also be obtained by the molecular orbital calculation method.
- a method of calculating H + dissociation free energy in a solvent based on a thermodynamic cycle In the present specification, water is usually used as the solvent, and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is used when pKa cannot be obtained with water.
- the calculation method of H + dissociation free energy can be calculated by, for example, DFT (density functional theory), but various other methods have been reported in the literature and the like, and the calculation method is not limited thereto.
- DFT density functional theory
- There are a plurality of software that can perform DFT and examples thereof include Gaussian 16.
- pKa in the present specification refers to a value obtained by calculation based on a database of Hammett's substituent constants and publicly known literature values using software package 1, and pKa is calculated by this method. If this is not possible, the value obtained by Gaussian 16 based on DFT (Density Functional Theory) shall be adopted.
- the actinic light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “resist composition”) will be described.
- the resist composition of the present invention may be a positive type resist composition or a negative type resist composition. Further, it may be a resist composition for alkaline development or a resist composition for organic solvent development.
- the composition of the present invention is typically a chemically amplified resist composition.
- the resist composition of the present invention is a resin having a repeating unit (hereinafter, also referred to as "repeating unit having an acid-degradable group") having a group which is decomposed by the action of an acid and whose polarity is increased (hereinafter, “acid decomposition”).
- a resist composition containing also referred to as “sexual resin”
- the resist composition is a cation represented by the general formula (1) described later (hereinafter, also referred to as "specific cation”) in addition to the acid-decomposable resin.
- the resist composition of the present invention contains an acid-degradable resin and a specific compound, or contains an acid-degradable resin having a specific repeating unit.
- the mechanism by which the problem of the present invention is solved by such a configuration is not clear, but it is presumed as follows.
- the specific compound usually acts as a photoacid generator. Since the specific compound contains a sulfur atom at a predetermined position, the polarity of the cation is reduced as compared with the compound described in Patent Document 1, aggregation of the specific compounds is suppressed, and compatibility with the acid-degradable resin is achieved. Is also excellent, so that the LWR performance of the formed pattern is good.
- the acid-degradable group of the specific compound is decomposed to generate the polar group together with the polar group generated from the acid-degradable resin, thereby improving the solubility of the exposed part in the alkaline developer and dissolving it in the organic solvent developer.
- a decrease in the liquid is observed, and the LWR performance tends to be improved in both the positive type and the negative type.
- obtaining a pattern superior in LWR performance is also referred to as an excellent effect of the present invention.
- the resist composition of the present invention contains a specific compound or an acid-degradable resin having a specific repeating unit described later.
- the specific compound will be described in detail.
- the specific compound acts as a photoacid generator or an acid diffusion inhibitor.
- the photoacid generator is a compound that generates an acid by irradiation (exposure) with active light or radiation (preferably EUV light or ArF).
- the acid diffusion control agent is a compound that acts as a quencher for trapping the acid generated from the photoacid generator and controls the acid diffusion phenomenon in the resist membrane.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the specific compound is often smaller than the pKa of the acid generated from the acid diffusion control agent described later in the resist composition, although it is not particularly limited. ..
- the acid-degradable resin described later can often be decomposed by the action of an acid.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the specific compound is not particularly limited, but may be larger than the pKa of the acid generated from the photoacid generator separately contained in the resist composition. many.
- the acid-decomposable resin described later cannot be decomposed by the action of an acid in many cases. That is, the specific compound can act as a photoacid generator or an acid diffusion control agent depending on the relative relationship with the components contained in other resist compositions.
- volume of the acid generated from a specific compound to suppress the diffusion of the non-exposed portion of the acid generated by exposure, from the viewpoint of improving the resolution, 240 ⁇ 3 or more are preferred, 305 ⁇ 3 or higher More preferably, 350 ⁇ 3 or more is further preferable, and 400 ⁇ 3 or more is particularly preferable.
- the volume of the acid generated from the specific compound is preferably 1500 ⁇ 3 or less, 1000 ⁇ 3, more preferably less, 700 ⁇ 3 or less is more preferable.
- the above volume value is obtained by using "WinMOPAC" manufactured by Fujitsu Limited.
- the chemical structure of the acid according to each example is input, and then the molecular force field calculation using the MM (Molecular Mechanics) 3 method with this structure as the initial structure is performed for each acid.
- the most stable conformation can be determined, and then the molecular orbital calculation using the PM (Parameterized Model number 3 method) can be performed on these most stable conformations to calculate the "accessible volume" of each acid.
- the specific compound is preferably a compound that generates an acid (preferably an organic acid) upon exposure.
- the acid include sulfonic acid (aliphatic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, etc.), carboxylic acid (aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, aralkylcarboxylic acid, etc.), carbonylsulfonyl.
- imide acid bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide acid, and tris (alkylsulfonyl) methidoic acid.
- the structure of the acid generated from the specific compound is not particularly limited, but the interaction between the acid generated from the specific compound and the acid-degradable resin described later is in that the diffusion of the acid is suppressed and the resolution is improved. Is preferable.
- the acid generated by the photoacid generator is an organic acid
- the organic acid is, for example, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a carbonylsulfonylimide acid group, a bissulfonylimide acid group, and a trissulfonylmethide.
- the organic acid group such as an acid group, it is preferable to have a polar group.
- Examples of the polar group include an ether group, an ester group, an amide group, an acyl group, a sulfo group, a sulfonyloxy group, a sulfonamide group, a thioether group, a thioester group, a urea group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a hydroxyl group, and a mercapto group.
- the number of polar groups contained in the generated acid is not particularly limited, but one or more is preferable, and two or more are more preferable. However, the number of polar groups is preferably less than 6, and more preferably less than 4, from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive development.
- the specific compound is a compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (1).
- the number of cations represented by the general formula (1) possessed by the specific compound is not particularly limited, and may be one or more, and may be two or more. When the specific compound has two or more cations represented by the general formula (1), the number thereof is preferably 2 to 3.
- X d1 represents a sulfur atom or an iodine atom.
- sulfur atom is preferable for X d1 in that the effect of the present invention is excellent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m represents an integer of 0 to 2
- m + n represents 3.
- X d1 represents an iodine atom
- n represents 1 or 2
- m represents 0 or 1
- m + n is 2.
- p represents an integer from 1 to 5.
- p is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 in terms of the excellent effect of the present invention.
- the plurality of ps may be the same or different. Further, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent, n is preferably 2 to 3, or p is preferably 2 to 5, n is 2 to 3, or p is more preferably 2 to 3.
- R d1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, a linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl group which may have a substituent, and the like. Alternatively, it represents an aryl group which may have a substituent. Among them, R d1 is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent, and has a substituent. Aryl groups may be more preferred.
- the aryl group which may have a substituent represented by R d1 may be a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring. Among them, the aryl group is preferably a single ring.
- the alkyl group or alkenyl group is preferably cyclic.
- R d1 may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the substituent of R d1 is preferably an alkyl group which may have a hetero atom, and more preferably an alkyl group having at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom and a halogen atom.
- the carbon number of the group represented by R d1 is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 25 or less, still more preferably 20 or less.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but 3 or more is preferable.
- m represents 2
- the two R d1s may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- the number of ring members of the ring formed by the above is preferably 5 or 6.
- one of the methylene groups constituting the ring may be substituted with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- L d1 independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L d1 is preferably a single bond because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the divalent linking group represented by L d1 include -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -S-, -NH-, CS-, -SO-, -SO 2- , and a substituent.
- examples thereof include a hydrocarbon group (for example, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, etc.), and a linking group in which a plurality of these are linked.
- the divalent linking group preferably has a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and more preferably has a methylene group, an ethylene group, or a propylene group.
- Ar d1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Of these, a single ring is preferable.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Ar d1 include a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, and an anthracene ring group. Among them, the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group is preferably a benzene ring group or a naphthalene ring group, and more preferably a benzene ring group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Ar d1 may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group is preferably unsubstituted.
- the substituent of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, and an alkoxy which may have a halogen atom.
- the group is mentioned.
- an unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group is preferable.
- X d2 represents a group represented by the general formula (1-1) or a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- * represents the bonding position.
- L d2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L d2 is preferably a divalent linking group because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- Examples of the divalent linking group represented by L d2 include the divalent linking group exemplified by L d1 described above.
- R d2 represents a group whose polarity is increased by decomposition due to the action of an acid (hereinafter, also referred to as “acid-degradable group”).
- An acid-degradable group is a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group.
- the acid-degradable group preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid. That is, the specific compound has a group which is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group.
- the action of the acid increases the polarity, increases the solubility in an alkaline developer, and decreases the solubility in an organic solvent.
- an alkali-soluble group is preferable, and for example, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, (Alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) imide group, bis (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylcarbonyl) imide group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide group, tris (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group , And acidic groups such as tris (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group.
- the polar group at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a sulfonic acid group is preferable, and a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a phenolic hydroxyl group is more preferable.
- Examples of the leaving group that are eliminated by the action of an acid include groups represented by the general formulas (S1) to (S3).
- General formula (S1) -C (Rx S1 ) (Rx S2 ) (Rx S3 )
- General formula (S2): -C ( O) OC (Rx S1 ) (Rx S2 ) (Rx S3 )
- Rx S1 to Rx S3 may independently have a substituent, or may have a linear or branched alkyl group or a substituent.
- Rx S1 to Rx S3 are preferably linear or branched alkyl groups which may independently have a substituent, and Rx S1 to Rx S3 have independent substituents. Linear alkyl groups that may have are more preferred. Two of Rx S1 to Rx S3 may be combined to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
- Alkyl groups of Rx S1 to Rx S3 include tert-butyl group, tert-peptyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and the like, and have 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Alkyl group is preferred.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or a polycycle such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. Cycloalkyl group is preferred. Of Rx S1 to Rx S3 , a cycloalkyl group is preferable as the ring formed by bonding two of them.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx S1 to Rx S3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group or a tetracyclododecanyl group.
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an adamantyl group is preferable, and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx S1 to Rx S3 is, for example, one of the methylene groups constituting the ring is a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom other than the fluorine atom, or a fluorine atom such as a carbonyl group. It may be substituted with a group having a heteroatom of.
- RS1 to RS3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- RS2 to RS3 may be combined with each other to form a ring.
- the monovalent organic group include a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent and a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the R S1 also a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and / or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- one or more methylene groups may be substituted with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and / or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- RS3 may be bonded to another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to form a ring.
- the group represented by the general formulas (a-1) to (a-5) is preferable, and the group represented by the general formula (a-1) or (a-2) is more preferable.
- the group represented by the general formula (a-1) is more preferable.
- R a1 represents a leaving group capable of leaving by the action of an acid. * Represents the bond position.
- Examples of the leaving group that are eliminated by the action of an acid include the above-mentioned groups represented by the general formulas (S1) to (S3).
- Ra1 preferably represents a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the linear or branched-chain alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R a1 may have a substituent in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- Alkyl groups are preferred.
- the above-mentioned alkyl group may be a linear or branched-chain alkyl group having a substituent, or may be an unsubstituted linear or branched-chain alkyl group.
- a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or an alkyl group containing a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R a1 include a tert-butyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group and a sec-butyl group.
- n-pentyl group isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, 2-ethylbutyl group, n-heptyl group, 1-methylhexyl
- examples include groups, n-octyl groups, 1-methylheptyl groups, and 2-ethylhexyl groups. Among them, in terms of the effect of the present invention is more excellent, the alkyl group represented by R a1 is, tert- butyl group, or a tert- heptyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra1 may be a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring.
- the cycloalkyl group may be a cycloalkyl group having a substituent or an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group. Of these, a cycloalkyl group having a substituent is preferable.
- Examples of the substituent having the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group include an alkyl group which may have a substituent and an aryl group which may have a substituent.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group which may have a substituent is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 4 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group represented by R a1 include a cyclopentyl group such as a methylcyclopentyl group or an ethylcyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group such as a methylcyclohexyl group or an ethylcyclohexyl group; a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclodecanyl group, and the like.
- Examples thereof include a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantan group such as a methyladamantyl group or an ethyladamantan group.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R a1 are cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, at least one selected from the group consisting of cycloheptyl and adamantane group, is preferred,
- a methylcyclopentyl group, an ethylcyclopentyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, an ethylcyclohexyl group, a methyladamantyl group, or an ethyladamantan group is more preferable.
- R a2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R a2 may be used as the linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra 1 described above. It is synonymous with a chain alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra 2 include the cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra 1 described above.
- R a3 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R a3 may be used. It is synonymous with a chain alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra 3 is synonymous with the cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent represented by Ra 1 described above.
- R a2 and R a3 may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- the ring formed by bonding R a2 and R a3 to each other may be a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring. Of these, a single ring is preferable.
- Examples of the monocycle formed by bonding R a2 and R a3 to each other include cycloalkanes having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, for example, a cyclopropane ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring, and a cyclohexane ring can be mentioned.
- a part of the carbon atom in the ring may be substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- R a4 represents a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- Examples of the leaving group include the groups represented by the general formulas (S1) to (S3) described above.
- R a5 and R a6 each independently represent a linear or branched-chain alkyl group. R a5 and R a6 may be combined with each other to form a monocycle (eg, an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring) or a polycycle.
- R a7 and R a8 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the type of leaving group is not particularly limited by the action of the acid represented by X d2, and known leaving groups can be mentioned.
- the SH group thiol group
- Examples of the leaving group include the groups represented by the general formulas (S1) to (S3) described above.
- the specific compound preferably contains an organic anion.
- the organic anion may be a monovalent or divalent or higher organic anion. Among them, the organic anion is preferably 1 to trivalent.
- the organic anion is preferably an anion having a significantly low ability to cause a nucleophilic reaction, and specific examples thereof include a non-nucleophilic anion.
- non-nucleophilic anion examples include a sulfonic acid anion (aliphatic sulfonic acid anion, aromatic sulfonic acid anion, and camphor sulfonic acid anion, etc.) and a carboxylic acid anion (aliphatic carboxylic acid anion, aromatic carboxylic acid anion, etc.).
- aralkyl carboxylic acid anions, etc. sulfonylimide anions, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anions, and tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anions.
- the aliphatic moiety in the aliphatic sulfonic acid anion and the aliphatic carboxylic acid anion may be a linear or branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the alkyl group may be, for example, a fluoroalkyl group (may be a perfluoroalkyl group).
- the aryl group in the aromatic sulfonic acid anion and the aromatic carboxylic acid anion is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- the above-mentioned alkyl group, the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group, and the above-mentioned aryl group may have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, but specifically, a halogen atom such as a nitro group, a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group and an alkoxy group (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms).
- Alkyl group preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- cycloalkyl group preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms
- aryl group preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms
- alkoxycarbonyl group preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Acrylic group preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms
- alkoxycarbonyloxy group preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms
- alkylthio group preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- alkylsulfonyl group preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- An alkyliminosulfonyl group preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- an aryloxysulfonyl group preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- an aralkyl group having 7 to 14 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a naphthylethyl group, and a naphthylbutyl group.
- Examples of the sulfonylimide anion include saccharin anion.
- alkyl group in the bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion and the tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anion an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- substituent of these alkyl groups include a halogen atom, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyloxysulfonyl group, an aryloxysulfonyl group, and a cycloalkylaryloxysulfonyl group.
- a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl groups in the bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. This increases the acid strength.
- non-nucleophilic anions e.g., fluorinated phosphorus (e.g., PF 6 -), fluorinated boron (e.g., BF 4 -), and fluorinated antimony (e.g., SbF 6 -) and the like.
- fluorinated phosphorus e.g., PF 6 -
- fluorinated boron e.g., BF 4 -
- fluorinated antimony e.g., SbF 6 -
- non-nucleophilic anion examples include an aliphatic sulfonic acid anion in which at least the ⁇ -position of the sulfonic acid is substituted with a fluorine atom, an aromatic sulfonic acid anion substituted with a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom, and an alkyl group being a fluorine atom.
- a bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide anion substituted with, or a tris (alkylsulfonyl) methide anion in which the alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom is preferable.
- perfluoroaliphatic sulfonic acid anion preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms
- benzenesulfonic acid anion having a fluorine atom is more preferable
- nonafluorobutane sulfonic acid anion, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid anion, and pentafluoro A benzenesulphonic acid anion or a 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzenesulphonic acid anion is more preferred.
- an anion represented by the following formula (AN1) is also preferable.
- o represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- p represents an integer from 0 to 10.
- q represents an integer from 0 to 10.
- Xf represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- the number of carbon atoms of this alkyl group is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- a perfluoroalkyl group is preferable.
- Xf is preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3 . In particular, it is more preferable that both Xf are fluorine atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom. If R 4 and R 5 there are a plurality, R 4 and R 5 may each be the same or different.
- the alkyl group represented by R 4 and R 5 may have a substituent, and preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably hydrogen atoms. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of Xf in the general formula (AN1).
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group includes, for example, -O-CO-O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a combination thereof.
- Examples include divalent linking groups.
- W represents an organic group containing a cyclic structure.
- a cyclic organic group is preferable.
- the cyclic organic group include an alicyclic group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group.
- the alicyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the monocyclic alicyclic group include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- polycyclic alicyclic group examples include a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group.
- the heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Polycyclics can suppress the diffusion of acid more. Further, the heterocyclic group may or may not have aromaticity. Examples of the heterocyclic ring having aromaticity include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, and a pyridine ring.
- heterocyclic ring having no aromaticity examples include a tetrahydropyran ring, a lactone ring, a sultone ring, and a decahydroisoquinoline ring.
- a heterocycle in the heterocyclic group a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, or a decahydroisoquinoline ring is particularly preferable.
- the cyclic organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (single ring, polycyclic, and spiro ring). Any of them may be used, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group, an amide group, a urethane group, a ureido group, a thioether group and a sulfonamide. Examples include a group and a sulfonic acid ester group.
- the carbon constituting the cyclic organic group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- L, q, and W are the same as in the general formula (AN1).
- an anion represented by the following formula (AN2) is also preferable.
- X B1 and X B2 independently represent a monovalent organic group having no hydrogen atom or fluorine atom. It is preferable that X B1 and X B2 are hydrogen atoms. X B3 and X B4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, respectively. It is preferable that at least one of X B3 and X B4 is a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group having a fluorine atom, and both X B3 and X B4 are monovalent organic groups having a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom. Is more preferable. It is more preferred that both X B3 and X B4 are alkyl groups substituted with fluorine atoms. L, q and W are the same as the general formula (AN1).
- an anion represented by the following formula (AN3) is preferable.
- Xa independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- Xb independently represents an organic group having no hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.
- an anion represented by the following formula (AN4) is also preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituent or a hydrogen atom that is not an electron-withdrawing group.
- substituent which is not the electron-attracting group include a hydrocarbon group, a hydroxyl group, an oxyhydrosulfide group, an oxycarbonyl hydrocarbon group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon-substituted amino group, a hydrocarbon-substituted amide group and the like. ..
- the substituents that are not electron-withdrawing groups are independently -R', -OH, -OR' , -OCOR', -NH 2 , -NR' 2 , -NHR', or -NHCOR. 'Id preferred.
- R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group represented by R'in include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group; an alkenyl group such as an ethenyl group, a propenyl group and a butenyl group; and an ethynyl group.
- Monovalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group such as alkynyl group such as propynyl group and butynyl group; cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group and adamantyl group; Monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as cycloalkenyl groups such as cyclopropenyl group, cyclobutenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, norbornenyl group; phenyl group, trill group, xylyl group, mesityl group, naphthyl group, methylnaphthyl group, anthryl group , Aryl groups such as methyl anthryl group; monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as aralkyl groups such as benzyl group, phenethyl group, phenylpropyl group, naphthylmethyl group and anthrylmethyl
- L is a divalent linking group consisting of a combination of one or more linking groups S and an alkylene group which may have one or more substituents, or one or more linking groups.
- Linking group S is, * A -O-CO-O- * B, * A -CO- * B, * A -CO-O- * B, * A -O-CO- * B, * A -O- * B, * a -S- * B and,
- * a -SO 2 - is a radical selected from the group consisting of * B.
- L is one form of "a divalent linking group consisting of a combination of one or more linking groups S and an alkylene group which may have one or more substituents", that is, “one or more”.
- the linking group S is * A- O-CO-O- * B , *.
- a -CO- * B, * A -O -CO- * B, * A -O- * B, * A -S- * B and,, * A -SO 2 - is selected from the group consisting of * B It is preferably a group.
- the alkylene group in "a divalent linking group consisting of a combination of one or more linking groups S and an alkylene group which may have one or more substituents" is an unsubstituted alkylene group.
- the linking group S is, * A -O-CO-O- * B, * A -CO- * B, * A -O-CO- * B, * A -O- * B, * A - S- * B, and, * a -SO 2 - is preferably a group selected from the group consisting of * B.
- * A represents a represents a bonding position of R 3 side in formula (AN4)
- * B is -SO 3 in the general formula (AN4) - represents a side bonding position.
- a divalent linking group consisting of a combination of one or more linking groups S and an alkylene group which may have one or more substituents
- only one linking group S may be present. There may be more than one. Similarly, only one alkylene group which may have a substituent may be present, or two or more may be present.
- the plurality of linking groups S may be the same or different from each other.
- the plurality of alkylene groups may be the same or different from each other.
- the linking groups S may be continuously bonded to each other.
- * A -CO- * B, * A -O-CO- * B, and, * A -O- * group selected from the group consisting of B are bonded continuously "* A -O- It is preferable that "CO-O- * B" is not formed. Also, * A -CO- * B and * A -O- * group selected from the group consisting of B are bonded continuously "* A -O-CO- * B" and "* A -CO- It is preferable that neither O- * B "is formed.
- linking groups S when there are a plurality of linking groups S, the linking groups S when there are a plurality of linking groups S may be the same or different.
- * A -CO- * B, * A -O-CO- * B, and, * A -O- * group selected from the group consisting of B are bonded continuously "* A - It is preferable that "O-CO-O- * B" is not formed.
- * A -CO- * B and * A -O- * group selected from the group consisting of B are bonded continuously "* A -O-CO- * B" and "* A -CO- It is preferable that neither O- * B "is formed.
- the atom at the ⁇ -position with respect to —SO 3 ⁇ is not a carbon atom having a fluorine atom as a substituent.
- the ⁇ -position atom is a carbon atom
- the carbon atom does not have to be directly substituted with a fluorine atom
- the carbon atom is a substituent having a fluorine atom (for example, fluoro, such as a trifluoromethyl group). It may have an alkyl group).
- the atom at the ⁇ -position is, in other words, an atom in L that is directly bonded to —C (R 1 ) (R 2) — in the general formula (AN4).
- L preferably has only one linking group S. That is, L is a divalent linking group consisting of a combination of one linking group S and an alkylene group which may have one or more substituents, or a divalent linking group consisting of one linking group S. It is preferable to represent a group.
- L is preferably a group represented by the following formula (AN4-2). * A - (CR 2a 2) X -Q- (CR 2b 2) Y - * b (AN4-2)
- * a represents a bonding position to R 3 in the general formula (AN4).
- * B represents the bonding position with ⁇ C (R 1 ) (R 2 ) ⁇ in the general formula (AN4).
- X and Y each independently represent an integer of 0 to 10, and an integer of 0 to 3 is preferable.
- R 2a and R 2b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 2a and R 2b may each be the same or different, However, when Y is 1 or more, R 2b in CR 2b 2 that directly bonds with ⁇ C (R 1 ) (R 2 ) ⁇ in the general formula (AN4) is other than a fluorine atom.
- Q is, * A -O-CO-O- * B, * A -CO- * B, * A -CO-O- * B, * A -O-CO- * B, * A -O- * B , * a -S- * B, or, * a -SO 2 - represents a * B.
- R 3 represents an organic group.
- the organic group is not limited as long as it has one or more carbon atoms, and a linear group (for example, a linear alkyl group) may be a branched chain group (for example, a t-butyl group). It may be a branched alkyl group) or may have a cyclic structure.
- the organic group may or may not have a substituent.
- the organic group may or may not have a hetero atom (oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and / or nitrogen atom, etc.).
- R 3 is preferably an organic group having a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and may have a substituent.
- the ring in the organic group containing the cyclic structure is preferably directly bonded to L in the general formula (AN4).
- the organic group having the cyclic structure may or may not have, for example, a hetero atom (oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and / or nitrogen atom, etc.). Heteroatoms may be substituted with one or more carbon atoms forming a cyclic structure.
- the organic group having the cyclic structure is preferably a hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure, a lactone ring group, or a sultone ring group.
- the organic group having a cyclic structure is preferably a hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure.
- the hydrocarbon group having the cyclic structure is preferably a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group. These groups may have substituents.
- the cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic ring (cyclohexyl group or the like) or a polycyclic ring (adamantyl group or the like), and the number of carbon atoms is preferably 5 to 12.
- the lactone group and sultone group are represented by, for example, the structures represented by the general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21) described later, and the general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). In any of the above structures, a group consisting of a ring member atom constituting a lactone structure or a sultone structure minus one hydrogen atom is preferable.
- the non-nucleophilic anion may be a benzenesulfonic acid anion, and is preferably a benzenesulfonic acid anion substituted with a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- an aromatic sulfonic acid anion represented by the following formula (AN5) is also preferable.
- Ar represents an aryl group (phenyl group or the like), and may further have a substituent other than the sulfonic acid anion and the ⁇ (DB) group. Further, examples of the substituent which may be possessed include a fluorine atom and a hydroxyl group.
- N represents an integer of 0 or more.
- n an integer of 1 to 4 is preferable, an integer of 2 to 3 is more preferable, and an integer of 3 is further preferable.
- D represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group include an ether group, a thioether group, a carbonyl group, a sulfoxide group, a sulfone group, a sulfonic acid ester group, an ester group, and a group composed of a combination of two or more thereof.
- B represents a hydrocarbon group
- B preferably has an aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, and more preferably an aryl group (tricyclohexylphenyl group or the like) which may have an isopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a substituent.
- aryl group tricyclohexylphenyl group or the like
- a disulfonamide anion is also preferable.
- Disulfonamide anion for example, N - anions represented by (SO 2 -R q) 2.
- R q represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a fluoroalkyl group is preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group is more preferable.
- the two R qs may combine with each other to form a ring.
- the group formed by bonding two R qs to each other is preferably an alkylene group which may have a substituent, more preferably a fluoroalkylene group, and even more preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.
- the alkylene group preferably has 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- examples of the anion include anions represented by the following formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3).
- the specific compound having an anion represented by the following formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3) as the anion can also have a function as an acid diffusion control agent described later.
- R 51 represents a hydrocarbon group (for example, an aryl group such as a phenyl group) which may have a substituent (for example, a hydroxyl group).
- Z 2c represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (however, the carbon atom adjacent to S is not substituted with a fluorine atom).
- the hydrocarbon group in Z 2c may be linear or branched, and may have a cyclic structure.
- the carbon atom in the hydrocarbon group (preferably a carbon atom which is a ring member atom when the hydrocarbon group has a cyclic structure) may be a carbonyl carbon (—CO ⁇ ).
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group include a group having a norbornyl group which may have a substituent.
- the carbon atom forming the norbornyl group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- Z 2c -SO 3 - is preferably different from that from the anion represented by the above formula (AN1) ⁇ (AN5).
- Z 2c is preferably a group other than an aryl group.
- the atoms at the ⁇ -position and the ⁇ -position with respect to —SO 3 ⁇ are preferably atoms other than the carbon atom having a fluorine atom as a substituent.
- R 52 represents an organic group (preferably a hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom)
- Y 3 is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group, arylene group, or , Represents a carbonyl group and Rf represents a hydrocarbon group.
- anions include the following.
- the specific compound has one or more cations represented by the general formula (1).
- the number of organic anions contained in the specific compound is not particularly limited, but when the number of cations represented by the general formula (1) possessed by the specific compound is one, the number of organic anions is preferably one.
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) corresponds to a salt compound having one cation represented by the general formula (1) and one organic anion.
- Z 1 + represents a cation represented by the above general formula (1).
- the definition of the cation represented by the general formula (1) is as described above.
- Y 1 ⁇ represents a monovalent organic anion.
- the monovalent organic anion is intended to be a monovalent organic anion among the above-mentioned organic anions.
- Y 1 - represents a monovalent organic anion.
- the monovalent organic anion is intended to be a monovalent organic anion among the above-mentioned organic anions.
- Each of RS1 to RS3 independently represents a group represented by the general formula (T-1). Among them, RS1 to RS3 preferably represent the same group. In the general formula (T-1), * represents the bonding position.
- X d2 represents a group represented by the above-mentioned general formula (1-1) or a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- the definition of each group represented by X d2 is as described above.
- Each of R b1 to R b3 independently represents a substituent other than the group represented by the general formula (T-1).
- the substituent include a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, and a substituent.
- a good aryl group is mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group is not particularly limited, but the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 to 3.
- a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a substituent is preferable, and a linear or branched alkyl group which may have a heteroatom is more preferable. ..
- R b1 and R b2 , R b2 and R b3 , R b1 and R b3 may be bonded to each other to form a single bond, or a divalent linking group (for example, —O—) may be formed. It may be formed.
- a1 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- a2 represents an integer of 0 to 5
- a3 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- b1 represents an integer of 0 to 4
- b2 represents an integer of 0 to 5
- b3 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the sum of a1 and b1 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- the sum of a2 and b2 represents an integer of 0 to 5
- the sum of a3 and b3 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- a1 to a3 preferably each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably each independently represent an integer of 1 to 2.
- the total of a1, a2, and a3 is preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- b1 to b3 preferably each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2.
- the total of b1, b2, and b3 is preferably an integer of 0 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 3.
- a compound having two or more cation sites and the same number of anion sites as the above cation sites, and at least one of the above cation sites is a specific cation (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “Compound W”).
- a cation site is a structural site containing a positively charged atom or group of atoms.
- at least one of the two or more cation sites is a specific cation. Among them, it is preferable that all of the two or more cation sites contained in the compound W are specific cations in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- At least one of the two or more cation sites may be a specific cation, and may contain an organic cation other than the specific cation.
- the organic cation other than the specific cation include a sulfonium cation other than the specific cation and an iodonium ion.
- the anionic moiety is a structural moiety containing a negatively charged atom or atomic group, and for example, an anionic functional group that may be present in the compound W may be used as the anionic moiety.
- the compound W preferably has an organic anion having the same number of anionic functional groups as the cation moiety of the compound W. As described above, compound W has two or more (preferably two to three) cation sites and the same number of anion sites as the above cation sites. That is, compound W has two or more (preferably 2-3) anionic moieties (preferably anionic functional groups).
- the plurality of anionic functional groups may be linked by a single bond or a linking group.
- anionic functional group for example, -SO 3 - group having as part, -COO - -, and -SO 3 and -COO - groups having as part, -N - - group having as part, and, carbanions (-C - ⁇ ) include groups having as part.
- the anionic functional group the groups represented by the general formulas (B-1) to (B-13) described later are preferable.
- * represents the bonding position. It is also preferable that * in the general formula (B-12) is a bond position to a group that is neither -CO- nor -SO 2-.
- RX1 represents an organic group.
- RX1 a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, or an aryl group which may have a substituent is preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent.
- a fluorine atom or a cyano group is preferable.
- the carbon atom may be substituted with a carbonyl group.
- aryl group a phenyl group or a naphthyl group is preferable, and a phenyl group is more preferable.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), or a cyano group is preferable.
- RX1 in the general formula (B-3) does not contain a fluorine atom.
- RX2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent other than a fluorine atom and a perfluoroalkyl group.
- substituent other than the fluorine atom and the perfluoroalkyl group represented by RX2 an alkyl group other than the perfluoroalkyl group (which may be linear, branched or cyclic) is preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably does not have a fluorine atom. That is, when the above alkyl group has a substituent, a substituent other than the fluorine atom is preferable.
- RXF1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a perfluoroalkyl group. However, at least one of the plurality of RXF1s represents a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group represented by RXF1 is preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 6.
- RXF2 represents a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group represented by RXF2 is preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 6.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- a 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-8) or (B-10). If, A 12 - Table the anionic functional group represented by the general formula (B-1) ⁇ (B -7), (B-9), or (B-11) ⁇ (B -13)
- a 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-7)
- the anionic functional group represented by A 12 ⁇ is represented by the general formula (B-6).
- a 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-9)
- the anionic functional group represented by A 12 ⁇ is represented by the general formula (B-6).
- a 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-1)
- the anionic functional group represented by A 12 ⁇ is represented by the general formula (B-3).
- the groups to be given are mentioned.
- the compound W is an anion site, anionic sites A B - (anionic functional groups A B -) preferably has a.
- Anionic part A B - (anionic functional groups A B -) is a group represented by any one of formulas (BX-1) ⁇ (BX -4).
- R B represents an organic group.
- Examples of the organic group for R B has the general formula (B-1) ⁇ (B -5), and examples of the organic group R X1 can be mentioned as well in (B-12).
- the compounds W is as anionic sites, the anionic sites A B - in addition to further anionic sites A A - (anionic functional group A B) - preferably has a - (anionic functional group A A) .
- Anionic part A A - (anionic functional group A A -) is a group represented by any one of formulas (AX-1) ⁇ (AX -2).
- RA represents an organic group.
- RA is preferably an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom as a substituent may or may not be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3) is preferable.
- Z 2 + represents a cation
- Z 2 + in at least one represented by the general formula (1).
- the definition of the cation represented by the general formula (1) is as described above.
- the cation other than the cation represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known sulfonium cations and iodonium cations. May be a plurality of Z + at least one Z + is a specific cation of the, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent, it is preferable that 2 or more Z + is a specific cation, all Z + is a specific cation Is more preferable.
- Y 2 - represents an anionic functional group.
- the definition of anionic functional groups is as described above. More existing Y 2 - may each be the same or different.
- Y 2 there are a plurality - may be, for example, a group represented by the "general formula (B-8) or (B-10), formula (B-1) ⁇ (B -7), (B-9) , Or a group represented by (B-11) to (B-13), and may have at least a group represented by the general formula (B-7) and a group represented by the general formula (B-6). It may have at least a group represented by "a group represented by”, and a group represented by any of the general formulas (BX-1) to (BX-4) and the general formulas (AX-1) to (AX-). It may have at least a group represented by any of 2).
- Q represents an integer of 2 or more.
- q is preferably an integer of 2 to 5 and more preferably an integer of 2 to 3 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- L represents a linking group of q valence.
- L represents a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group include -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), and cyclo. Examples thereof include an alkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a divalent linking group in which a plurality of these are combined.
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- These divalent linking groups may further, -S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, and, -NR N - has the (R N represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent) group is selected from the group consisting of Is also preferable.
- Examples of the trivalent or higher valent linking group include, for example, each group that can be a single bond and / or the above divalent linking group, and -CR q ⁇ , -N ⁇ ,> C ⁇ , a trivalent or higher valent hydrocarbon ring group. , And / or a group in combination with a trivalent or higher valent heterocyclic group.
- R q represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the compounds (IA) to (III-A) described later are also preferable.
- Compound (IA) A compound having one of the following structural sites X and one of the following structural sites Y, and the following first acidic site derived from the following structural site X by irradiation with active light or radiation.
- Structural site X consists of an anionic site A 1 ⁇ and a cation site M 1 + , and is HA 1 by irradiation with active light or radiation.
- anionic part a 2 - consists of a cationic sites M 2 + and, and by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, it is formed by the structural site X is different structural site to form a second acidic moiety represented by HA 2 structure, however, the cation sites M 1 + and cations sites M 2 + of at least one specific cation and the first acid sites that ..
- the compound (IA) satisfies the following condition I.
- Condition I In the compound (IA), the compound PI in which the cation site M 1 + in the structure site X and the cation site M 2 + in the structure site Y are replaced with H + is the structural site.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 which is obtained by replacing the cation site M 1 + in X with H + , and the cation site M 2 + in the structural site Y are replaced with H +. It has an acid dissociation constant a2 derived from an acidic moiety represented by HA 2 , and the acid dissociation constant a2 is larger than the acid dissociation constant a1.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 are obtained by the above-mentioned method. More specifically, the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 of the compound PI are the compound PI (the compound PI is a compound having HA 1 and HA 2) when the acid dissociation constant of the compound PI is obtained. . corresponding to ") is" a 1 - and pKa when a compound "having a HA 2 is the acid dissociation constant a1, the" a 1 - a compound having an HA 2 "is” a 1 - and a 2 - pKa when a compound "having a is an acid dissociation constant a2. Further, the compound PI corresponds to an acid generated by irradiating compound (IA) with active light rays or radiation.
- IA irradiating compound
- the difference between the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the upper limit of the difference between the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15.0 or less.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 is, for example, 6.5 or less, and the stability of the cation moiety of the compound (IA) in the resist composition is high.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably ⁇ 5.0 or higher, more preferably ⁇ 3.5 or higher, and even more preferably ⁇ 2.0 or higher.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or less, still more preferably -0.1 or less, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably -15.0 or higher.
- the compound (IA) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a compound represented by the following general formula (Ia).
- Ia general formula (Ia).
- M 11 + and M 12 + each independently represents a cation (specific cation or an organic cation other than the specific cation).
- M 11 + and M 12 + of at least one (preferably both) is a specific cation.
- a 11 - and A 12 - independently represents an anionic functional group.
- a 12 ⁇ represents a structure different from the anionic functional group represented by A 11 ⁇ .
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group.
- M 11 + and M 12 + each independently represents a cation (specific cation or an organic cation other than the specific cation).
- M 11 + and M 12 + of at least one (preferably both) is a specific cation.
- the specific cation is as described above.
- the organic cations other than the specific cations are as described above.
- a 11 - and A 12 - independently represents an anionic functional group.
- a 12 ⁇ represents a structure different from the anionic functional group represented by A 11 ⁇ .
- the anionic functional groups are as described above.
- the anionic functional groups of A 11 ⁇ and A 12 ⁇ are preferably groups represented by the above-mentioned general formulas (B-1) to (B-13) independently.
- the combination of the anionic functional groups represented by A 11 ⁇ and A 12 ⁇ is not particularly limited, but for example, A 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-8) or (B-10).
- a 12 - Table the anionic functional group represented by the general formula (B-1) ⁇ (B -7), (B-9), or (B-11) ⁇ (B -13)
- a 11 ⁇ is a group represented by the general formula (B-7)
- the anionic functional group represented by A 12 ⁇ is represented by the general formula (B-6).
- the groups to be given are mentioned.
- a 5- to 10-membered ring having one N atom, an O atom, an S atom, or a Se atom in the ring structure is preferable, a 5- to 7-membered ring is more preferable, and a 5- to 6-membered ring is even more preferable).
- An aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably a 5- to 10-membered ring having at least one N atom, an O atom, an S atom, or a Se atom in the ring structure, more preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and a 5- to 6-membered ring. Further preferred), examples thereof include a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group (preferably a 6 to 10-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring), and a divalent linking group in which a plurality of these are combined.
- the RL1 include a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is not particularly limited, but for example, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms) is preferable.
- These divalent linking groups may further, -S -, - SO-, and -SO 2 - groups may include selected from the group consisting of.
- the above-mentioned alkylene group, the above-mentioned cycloalkylene group, the above-mentioned alkenylene group, the above-mentioned divalent aliphatic heterocyclic group, the above-mentioned divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, and the above-mentioned divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group are substituted with a substituent. It may have been done.
- the substituent include a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom).
- the compound represented by the general formula (Ib) is preferable as the compound (IA).
- M 1 + and M 2 + each independently represents a cation (specific cation or an organic cation other than the specific cation). At least one (preferably both) of the M 1 + and M 2 + represents a particular cation.
- the specific cation is as described above. The same applies to organic cations other than specific cations.
- L represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), and a cycloalkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms is 3 to 15
- an alkenylene group preferably, the number of carbon atoms is 2 to 6
- a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of these groups can be mentioned.
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- These divalent linking groups may further, -S -, - SO-, and -SO 2 - is also preferred to have a group selected from the group consisting of.
- L is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (L). * A-LA-LB-LC-LD-LE- * B (L)
- * A represents the bonding position with A ⁇ in the general formula (Ib).
- * B represents the connection position with B ⁇ in the general formula (Ib).
- LA represents ⁇ (C (R LA1 ) (R LA2 )) XA ⁇ .
- the XA represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 10, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- R LA1 and R LA2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group is preferable, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group is more preferable, and a fluorine atom or a perfluoromethyl group is further preferable.
- the R LA1 having XA may be the same or different from each other.
- the R LA2 having XA may be the same or different from each other.
- -(C (R LA1 ) (R LA2 ))- is preferably -CH 2- , -CHF-, -CH (CF 3 )-, or -CF 2- .
- -(C (R LA1 ) (R LA2 ))- which directly binds to A- in the general formula (Ib) is -CH 2- , -CHF-, -CH (CF 3 )-, or-.
- CF 2 - is preferable.
- Formula (Ib) in A - and a direct bond to - (C (R LA1) ( R LA2)) - other than the - (C (R LA1) ( R LA2)) - are each independently, -CH 2 -, -CHF-, or -CF 2 --is preferable.
- LB represents a single bond, an ester group (-COO-), or a sulfonyl group (-SO 2- ).
- LC represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or a group composed of a combination thereof (such as "-alkylene group-cycloalkylene group-").
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2, and even more preferably 1.
- the cycloalkylene group preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkylene group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkylene group include a norbornanediyl group and an adamantandiyl group.
- the substituent that the cycloalkylene group may have, an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms) is preferable.
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- the alkylene group portion is preferably present on the LB side.
- the LC is preferably a single bond or a cycloalkylene group.
- LD represents a single bond, an ether group (-O-), a carbonyl group (-CO-), or an ester group (-COO-).
- LE is a single bond or - (C (R LE1) ( R LE2))
- XE - represents a.
- XE- represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- R LE1 and R LE2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. When the number of XEs is 2 or more, the R LE1s having XEs may be the same or different from each other. When the number of XEs is 2 or more, the R LE2s having XEs may be the same or different from each other.
- -(C (R LE1 ) (R LE2 ))- is preferably -CH 2- or -CF 2-.
- L the general formula (L) when LB, LC, and LD are single bonds, it is preferable that LE is also a single bond.
- a - and B - each independently represent an anionic functional group.
- the anionic functional groups are as described above.
- a ⁇ is preferably a group represented by any of the general formulas (AX-1) to (AX-2).
- B - is the general formula (BX-1) preferably represents a group represented by any one of the ⁇ (BX-4).
- a - and B - are preferably different structures, respectively.
- a - is a group represented by the general formula (AX-1), and, B - is the general formula (BX-1) ⁇ by (BX-4) a group represented by any one of there, or, a - is a group represented by the general formula (AX-2), and, B - is the general formula (BX-1), general formula (BX-3), and general formula ( It is preferably a group represented by any one of BX-4).
- the pKa of the group represented by HA is It is lower than the pKa of the group represented by BH. More specifically, HA-L-BH when obtained an acid dissociation constant for the compound represented by the "HA-L-BH” is - a pKa at which the "A -L-BH""HA and in the pKa of a group represented by "further” a - a pKa of the group represented by "BH a pKa at which the '" - -L-BH "is” a - -L-B.
- PKa of the group represented by HA and “pKa of the group represented by BH” are obtained by using “Software Package 1" or "Gaussian 16", respectively.
- the pKa of the group represented by HA corresponds to the acid dissociation constant a1 described above, and the preferred range is also the same.
- the pKa of the group represented by BH corresponds to the acid dissociation constant a2 described above, and the preferred range is also the same.
- the difference between the pKa of the group represented by HB and the pKa of the group represented by HA (“pKa of the group represented by HB”-“pKa of the group represented by HA”) is the acid dissociation constant described above. It corresponds to the difference between a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2, and the preferred range is also the same.
- Compound (II-A) A compound having two or more of the structural sites X and the structural site Y, and the first acidic site derived from the structural site X by irradiation with active light or radiation.
- compound capable of generating an acid comprising the above-described second acid sites from two or more and the structural moiety Y, provided that at least one of the cationic sites M 1 + and cations sites M 2 + is a specific cation.
- the compound (II-A) satisfies the following condition II.
- Condition II In the compound (II-A), the compound PII obtained by replacing the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X and the cation site M 2 + in the structural site Y with H + is the structural site X.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 which is obtained by replacing the above-mentioned cation site M 1 + in the above-mentioned cation site M 1 + with H + , and the above-mentioned cation site M 2 + in the above-mentioned structural site Y are replaced with H +.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 derived from an acidic moiety represented by HA 2 , and the acid dissociation constant a2 is larger than the acid dissociation constant a1.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 are obtained by the above-mentioned method.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 of the compound PII will be described more specifically.
- the compound (II-A) is, for example, a compound that generates an acid having two first acidic sites derived from the structural site X and one second acidic site derived from the structural site Y. in some cases, it compounds PII is a "compound having two HA 1 and one HA 2".
- compound PII When obtaining the acid dissociation constant of the compound PII, compound PII is - a pKa of acid dissociation constant a1 when the "one of A 1 and one HA 1 and one HA 2 with a compound of""2 one of a 1 - and one compound having a HA 2 "is” two a 1 - and one a 2 - pKa when a compound "having a is an acid dissociation constant a2. That is, when compound PII has a plurality of acid dissociation constants derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 , which replaces the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X with H +, the smallest value is acid. It is regarded as the dissociation constant a1.
- the compound PII corresponds to an acid generated by irradiating the compound (II-A) with an active ray or radiation.
- the compound (II-A) may have a plurality of the structural sites Y.
- the difference between the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the upper limit of the difference between the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 15.0 or less.
- the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably 6.5 or less, and 2.0 or less is more preferable in that the stability of the cation moiety of the compound (II-A) in the resist composition is more excellent. It is preferably 1.0 or less, and more preferably 1.0 or less.
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a2 is preferably ⁇ 2.0 or higher.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or less, still more preferably -0.1 or less, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably -15.0 or higher.
- the compound (II-A) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a compound represented by the following general formula (IIa).
- M 21 + A 21 -" and “A 22 - + M 22" each correspond to structural moiety X and the structural moiety Y.
- the compound (IIa) generates an acid represented by the following general formula (IIa-1) by irradiation with active light or radiation. That is, "M 21 + A 21 -” forms a first acidic moiety represented by HA 21, "A 22 - M 22 +” is a structure different from that of the first acid sites HA 22 It forms a second acidic moiety represented by.
- + M 21 + and M 22 each independently represents a cation (specific cation or an organic cation other than the specific cation). At least one (preferably both) of the M 21 + and M 22 + represents a particular cation.
- a 21 - and A 22 - independently represents an anionic functional group. However, A 22 ⁇ represents a structure different from the anionic functional group represented by A 21 ⁇ .
- L 2 represents a (n1 + n2) valent organic group. n1 represents an integer of 2 or more, and n2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the following general formula (IIa) corresponds to the compound represented by M 21 + and M 22 + a cation represented by made by replacing the H + compound Piia (the general formula (IIa-1). ),
- the acid dissociation constant a2 derived from the acidic moiety represented by A 22 H is larger than the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic moiety represented by HA 21.
- the preferable values of the acid dissociation constant a1 and the acid dissociation constant a2 are as described above.
- M 21 +, M 22 +, A 21 -, and A 22 - is in each above-mentioned general formula (Ia) M 11 +, M 12 +, A 11 -, and A 12 - in the above formula, preferred embodiments are also the same.
- n1 pieces of M 21 + each other, n1 pieces of A 21 + each other, represent each mutually identical groups.
- T 1 represents a trivalent hydrocarbon ring group or a trivalent heterocyclic group
- T 2 is a carbon atom or a tetravalent hydrocarbon ring group. Represents a tetravalent heterocyclic group.
- the hydrocarbon ring group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring group.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the hydrocarbon ring group is preferably 6 to 18, more preferably 6 to 14.
- the heterocyclic group may be an aromatic heterocyclic group or an aliphatic heterocyclic group.
- the heterocycle is preferably a 5- to 10-membered ring having at least one N atom, an O atom, an S atom, or a Se atom in the ring structure, more preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and a 5- to 6-membered ring. Rings are more preferred.
- L 21 and L 22 independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, respectively.
- the divalent linking group represented by L 21 and L 22 has the same meaning as the divalent linking group represented by L 1 in the general formula (Ia), and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- n1 represents an integer of 2 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an integer of 6 or less, preferably an integer of 4 or less, and more preferably an integer of 3 or less.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an integer of 3 or less, and an integer of 2 or less is preferable.
- Compound (III-A) A compound having two or more of the structural site X and the following structural site Z, the first acidic site derived from the structural site X by irradiation with active light or radiation.
- the nonionic site capable of neutralizing the acid in the structural site Z is not particularly limited, and is preferably a site containing a functional group having a group or an electron that can electrostatically interact with a proton, for example. ..
- a functional group having a group or an electron that can electrostatically interact with a proton a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether, or a nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is used. Examples thereof include functional groups having.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure shown in the following formula.
- Substructures of functional groups having groups or electrons that can electrostatically interact with protons include, for example, crown ether structure, aza-crown ether structure, 1-3 amine structure, pyridine structure, imidazole structure, and pyrazine structure. Etc., and among them, the 1st to 3rd grade amine structure is preferable.
- the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X is replaced with H +.
- the acid dissociation constant a1 derived from the acidic moiety represented by HA 1 is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or less, still more preferably -0.1 or less, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. ..
- the lower limit of the acid dissociation constant a1 is preferably -15.0 or higher.
- compound PIII has a plurality of acid dissociation constants derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 in which the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X is replaced with H +, the smallest value is used as the acid. It is regarded as the dissociation constant a1. That is, when compound (III-A) is, for example, a compound that generates an acid having two first acidic sites derived from structural site X and structural site Z, compound PIII has "two". It corresponds to "a compound having HA 1". If asked for the acid dissociation constant of the compound PIII, compound PIII is - pKa when the "one of A 1 and a compound having one HA 1" is an acid dissociation constant a1.
- compound PIII has a plurality of acid dissociation constants derived from the acidic site represented by HA 1 , which replaces the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X with H +, the smallest value is acid. It is regarded as the dissociation constant a1.
- the compound PIII in which the cation site M 1 + in the structural site X is replaced with H + is, for example, the compound (III-A) described later in the compound (IIIa).
- HA 31- L 3- N (R 2X ) -L 4- A 31 H is applicable.
- the compound (III-A) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a compound represented by the following general formula (IIIa).
- M 31 + A 31 - corresponds to the structural moiety X.
- Compound (IIIa) produces an acid represented by HA 31- L 3- N (R 2X ) -L 4- A 31 H by irradiation with active light or radiation. That is, "M 31 + A 31 -” forms a first acidic moiety represented by HA 31.
- M 31 + represents a particular cation.
- a 31 - represents an anionic functional group.
- L 3 and L 4 each independently represent a divalent linking group.
- R 2X represents a monovalent organic group.
- M 31 + and A 31 ⁇ are synonymous with M 11 + and A 11 ⁇ in the general formula (Ia) described above, respectively, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- L 3 and L 4 have the same meaning as L 1 in the general formula (Ia) described above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same.
- two M 31 + and two A 31 ⁇ each represent the same group as each other.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 2X is not particularly limited, and for example, -CH 2- is -CO-, -NH-, -O-, -S-,-. SO-, and -SO 2 - may be substituted with one or more combinations selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group (preferably may be 1-10 either linear or branched carbon atoms. ), Cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms) and the like. Further, the above-mentioned alkylene group, the above-mentioned cycloalkylene group, and the above-mentioned alkenylene group may be substituted with a substituent.
- the molecular weight of the compounds represented by the above compounds (IA) to (III-A) is preferably 300 to 3000, more preferably 500 to 2000, and even more preferably 700 to 1500.
- the content of the specific compound is preferably 1.0 to 70.0% by mass, more preferably 5.0 to 70.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. .0 to 60.0% by mass is more preferable, and 10.0 to 60.0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the solid content is intended to be a component in the composition excluding the solvent, and any component other than the solvent is regarded as a solid content even if it is a liquid component.
- the specific compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the composition of the present invention contains a resin having a repeating unit having a group which is decomposed by the action of an acid and whose polarity is increased (hereinafter, also referred to as “acid-degradable resin” or “resin (A)”). That is, in the pattern forming method of the present invention, typically, when an alkaline developer is used as the developer, a positive pattern is preferably formed, and when an organic developer is used as the developer, a positive pattern is preferably formed. , Negative patterns are preferably formed.
- the resin (A) contains a repeating unit having a group (hereinafter, also referred to as “acid-degradable group”) which is decomposed by the action of an acid and whose polarity is increased.
- the resin (A) further includes a repeating unit (specific repeating unit) having a cation (specific cation) represented by the above-mentioned general formula (1), in addition to the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group. May have.
- the definition of a specific cation possessed by a specific repeating unit is as described above.
- the structure of the specific repeating unit is not particularly limited, but the repeating unit represented by the general formula (U) is preferable because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- RU1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the type of the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group and a halogen atom.
- L U1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Divalent linking groups include, for example, -O-, -OC-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -S-, -N-, CS-, -SO-, -SO 2- , Examples thereof include a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent (for example, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, etc.), a linking group in which a plurality of these is linked, and the like.
- Y 2 - represents an anionic functional group. The definition of anionic functional groups is as described above.
- Z 2 + represents a particular cation.
- Z 2 + definition is Z 2 + synonymous in general formula (3).
- the content of the specific repeating unit is not particularly limited, but the effect of the present invention is more excellent, and the amount is 10 to 90 mol with respect to all the repeating units of the resin (A).
- % Is preferred 20-80 mol% is more preferred, and 30-70 mol% is even more preferred.
- An acid-degradable group is a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group.
- the acid-degradable group preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid. That is, the resin (A) has a repeating unit having a group that decomposes by the action of an acid to produce a polar group.
- the polarity of the resin having this repeating unit increases due to the action of the acid, the solubility in an alkaline developer increases, and the solubility in an organic solvent decreases.
- an alkali-soluble group is preferable, and for example, a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) methylene.
- alkylsulfonyl alkylcarbonyl imide group
- bis (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group bis (alkylcarbonyl) imide group
- bis (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide group
- tris alkylcarbonyl
- Examples thereof include an acidic group such as a methylene group and a tris (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group, and an alcoholic hydroxyl group.
- a carboxyl group a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group), or a sulfonic acid group is preferable.
- Examples of the leaving group that are eliminated by the action of an acid include groups represented by the general formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- General formula (Y1) -C (Rx 1 ) (Rx 2 ) (Rx 3 )
- General formula (Y2): -C ( O) OC (Rx 1 ) (Rx 2 ) (Rx 3 )
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are independently an alkyl group (linear or branched chain), a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic), and an alkenyl group (straight chain). (Or branched chain) or aryl group (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched)
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 preferably independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a linear alkyl group. Is more preferable.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be combined to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
- alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and a t-butyl group. preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a cyclopentyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, and a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups are preferred.
- an aryl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and the like.
- alkenyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 a vinyl group is preferable.
- a cycloalkyl group is preferable as the ring formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is a cyclopentyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, or a tetracyclododeca.
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an nyl group or an adamantyl group is preferable, and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group, or a group having a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced with a vinylidene group.
- one or more of the ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- the group represented by the general formula (Y1) or (Y2) is, for example, an embodiment in which Rx 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and Rx 2 and Rx 3 are bonded to form the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group. Is preferable.
- R 36 to R 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 37 and R 38 may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like. It is also preferable that R 36 is a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, and the aralkyl group may contain a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and / or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, and the aralkyl group include, for example, a group in which one or more methylene groups have a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and / or a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced with.
- R 38 may be bonded to each other to form a ring with another substituent contained in the main chain of the repeating unit.
- the group formed by bonding R 38 and another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to each other is preferably an alkylene group such as a methylene group.
- L 1 and L 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which these are combined (for example, a group in which an alkyl group and an aryl group are combined).
- .. M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q is an alkyl group that may contain a hetero atom, a cycloalkyl group that may contain a hetero atom, an aryl group that may contain a hetero atom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, and an aldehyde.
- the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group for example, one of the methylene groups may be replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- one of L 1 and L 2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which an alkylene group and an aryl group are combined.
- L 2 is a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, and more preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- the secondary alkyl group include an isopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group or a norbornyl group
- examples of the tertiary alkyl group include a tert-butyl group and an adamantan group.
- the Tg (glass transition temperature) and the activation energy are high, so that in addition to ensuring the film strength, fog can be suppressed.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring group.
- Rn represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- Rn and Ar may be combined with each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- Ar is more preferably an aryl group.
- the non-aromatic ring in the non-aromatic ring in the non-aromatic ring, from the viewpoint of excellent acid decomposition property of the repeating unit, it is also preferable that the ring member atom adjacent to the ring member atom directly bonded to the polar group (or its residue) does not have a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom as a substituent.
- Other leaving groups that are eliminated by the action of an acid include a 2-cyclopentenyl group having a substituent (alkyl group, etc.) such as a 3-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl group, and 1,1,4.
- a cyclohexyl group having a substituent (alkyl group, etc.) such as 4-tetramethylcyclohexyl group may be used.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (A) is also preferable.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom
- R 1 represents a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom.
- it represents an aryl group or a hydrogen atom which may have an iodine atom
- R 2 represents a desorbing group which is desorbed by the action of an acid and may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- at least one of L 1 , R 1 , and R 2 has a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the fluorine atom or a linking group may divalent have a iodine atom, -CO -, - O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom Examples thereof include a hydrocarbon group which may be used (for example, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, etc.), a linking group in which a plurality of these groups are linked, and the like.
- the L 1, -CO-, or, - arylene - fluorine atom or an alkylene group having iodine atom - are preferred.
- the arylene group a phenylene group is preferable.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 10 is preferable, and 1 to 3 is more preferable.
- the total number of fluorine atoms and iodine atoms contained in the alkylene group having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, and even more preferably 3 to 6.
- R 1 represents a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, an aryl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, or a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched chain.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 10 is preferable, and 1 to 3 is more preferable.
- the total number of fluorine atoms and iodine atoms contained in the alkyl group having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 to 3.
- the alkyl group may contain a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom other than the halogen atom.
- R 2 is desorbed by the action of an acid represents a leaving group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- examples of the leaving group include groups represented by the general formulas (Z1) to (Z4).
- General formula (Z1) -C (Rx 11 ) (Rx 12 ) (Rx 13 )
- General formula (Z3) -C (R 136 ) (R 137 ) (OR 138 )
- Rx 11 to Rx 13 are alkyl groups (linear or branched), fluorine atoms or iodine which may independently have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, respectively.
- a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic) that may have an atom, an alkenyl group (linear or branched) that may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, or a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Rx 11 to Rx 13 are alkyl groups (linear or branched), it is preferable that at least two of Rx 11 to Rx 13 are methyl groups.
- Rx 11 to Rx 13 are the same as Rx 1 to Rx 3 in (Y1) and (Y2) described above, except that they may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and are an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- Alkyl group, and aryl group are the same as the definition and preferred range.
- R 136 to R 138 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- R 137 and R 138 may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- the monovalent organic group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom includes an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and a cycloalkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- a group in which an alkyl group may be combined with a cycloalkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom) can be mentioned.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, and the aralkyl group may contain a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom in addition to the fluorine atom and the iodine atom.
- one of the methylene groups is replaced with a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a group having a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group.
- R 138 may be bonded to another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to form a ring.
- the group formed by bonding R 138 and another substituent of the main chain of the repeating unit to each other is preferably an alkylene group such as a methylene group.
- L 11 and L 12 may independently have a hydrogen atom; a hetero atom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom; a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an alkyl group.
- M 1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q 1 has an alkyl group which may have a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom; a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom.
- the cycloalkyl group may be; an aryl group selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom; an amino group; an ammonium group; a mercapto group; a cyano group; an aldehyde group; or a group combining these (for example).
- alkyl group which may have a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom, and a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, an iodine atom and an oxygen atom. It represents a group that is a combination of a cycloalkyl group that may be used.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic ring group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Rn 1 may have an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, a cycloalkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, or an aryl which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- Rn 1 and Ar 1 may be combined with each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- a repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group a repeating unit represented by the general formula (AI) is also preferable.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are independently an alkyl group (linear or branched chain), a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic), an alkenyl group (linear or branched chain), or an aryl (linear or branched chain). Represents a monocyclic or polycyclic) group. However, when all of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched), it is preferable that at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are methyl groups. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be bonded to form a monocyclic or polycyclic (monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, etc.).
- R 11 represents a halogen atom (fluorine atom or the like), a hydroxyl group or a monovalent organic group, and may have, for example, an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and a halogen atom which may have a halogen atom.
- examples thereof include an acyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 5 or less carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 or more.
- Xa 1 a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the divalent linking group of T include an alkylene group, an aromatic ring group, an -COO-Rt- group, an -O-Rt- group and the like.
- Rt represents an alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group.
- T is preferably a single bond or a -COO-Rt- group.
- Rt is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and is preferably a -CH 2- group,- (CH 2 ) 2- group, or- (CH 2 ) 3-. Groups are more preferred.
- Examples of the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and a t-butyl group. preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, an adamantyl group and the like.
- the polycyclic cycloalkyl group of is preferred.
- an aryl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and the like.
- alkenyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 a vinyl group is preferable.
- a cyclopentyl group and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group are preferable, and in addition, a norbornyl group and a tetracyclodecanyl group are preferable.
- Tetracyclododecanyl group, and polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as adamantyl group are preferable.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group, or a group having a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced with a vinylidene group. Further, in these cycloalkyl groups, one or more of the ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- Rx 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group
- Rx 2 and Rx 3 are bonded to form the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group.
- the substituents include, for example, an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group. (2 to 6 carbon atoms) and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 1 or more.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (AI) is preferably an acid-degradable (meth) acrylic acid tertiary alkyl ester-based repeating unit (Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and T represents a single bond. It is a repeating unit that represents.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group is preferably 15 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, still more preferably 20 to 65 mol%, based on all the repeating units in the resin (A). ..
- Xa 1 represents any group of H, F, CH 3 , CF 3 and CH 2 OH
- Rxa and Rxb are independently linear or branched chains having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, respectively. Represents an alkyl group in the form.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an acid-degradable group containing an unsaturated bond.
- the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group containing an unsaturated bond the repeating unit represented by the general formula (B) is preferable.
- Xb represents an alkyl group which may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituent.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group which may have a substituent.
- Ry 1 to Ry 3 independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group, respectively. However, at least one of Ry 1 to Ry 3 represents an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkenyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group. Two of Ry 1 to Ry 3 may be bonded to form a monocyclic or polycyclic (monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, cycloalkenyl group, etc.).
- Xb Represented by Xb, as the alkyl group which may have a substituent group, include groups represented by methyl group or -CH 2 -R 11.
- R 11 represents a halogen atom (fluorine atom or the like), a hydroxyl group or a monovalent organic group, and may be substituted with, for example, an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and a halogen atom. Examples thereof include an acyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 5 or less carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, and an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more.
- Xb a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group is preferable.
- the divalent linking group which may have an L substituent includes -Rt- group, -CO- group, -COO-Rt- group, -COO-Rt-CO- group and -Rt-CO- group. , And the -O-Rt- group.
- Rt represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an aromatic ring group, and an aromatic ring group is preferable.
- L -Rt- group, -CO- group, -COO-Rt-CO- group, or -Rt-CO- group is preferable.
- Rt may have a substituent such as a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an alkoxy group. Aromatic groups are preferred.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group and a t-butyl group is preferable. ..
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or a polycyclic group such as a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group. Cycloalkyl group is preferred.
- an aryl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and the like.
- alkenyl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 a vinyl group is preferable.
- alkynyl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 an ethynyl group is preferable.
- cycloalkenyl group of Ry 1 to Ry 3 a structure containing a double bond in a part of a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group is preferable.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group is preferable, and in addition, a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, and the like.
- Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a tetracyclododecanyl group and an adamantyl group are preferred.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group or cycloalkenyl group formed by bonding two of Ry 1 to Ry 3 is, for example, one of the methylene groups constituting the ring is a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, or -SO 2-. It may be replaced with a group having a heteroatom such as a group, —SO 3-group, a vinylidene group, or a combination thereof. Further, in these cycloalkyl groups or cycloalkene groups, one or more of the ethylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring or the cycloalkene ring may be replaced with a vinylene group.
- Ry 1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, or an aryl group
- Ry 2 and Rx 3 are bonded to each other to form the above-mentioned cycloalkyl.
- An embodiment in which a group or a cycloalkenyl group is formed is preferable.
- the substituents include, for example, an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms). Examples thereof include carbon numbers 2 to 6).
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (B) is preferably an acid-degradable (meth) acrylic acid tertiary ester-based repeating unit (Xb represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and L is a ⁇ CO— group.
- Xb represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- L is a ⁇ CO— group.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-degradable group containing an unsaturated bond is preferably 15 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and more preferably 30 mol% or more, based on all the repeating units in the resin (A). Is more preferable.
- the upper limit thereof is preferably 80 mol% or less, more preferably 70 mol% or less, still more preferably 60 mol% or less.
- Xb and L 1 represent any of the above-mentioned substituents and linking groups
- Ar represents an aromatic group
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and the like.
- Group or fluorinated alkyl group) or substituent such as carboxyl group, R' is a linear or branched alkyl group, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, or Represents a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group, where Q is a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, a group having a heteroatomic group such as -SO 2- group, -SO 3- group, a vinylidene group, or a combination thereof.
- Q is a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, a group having a heteroatomic group such as -SO 2- group, -SO 3- group, a vinylidene group, or a combination thereof.
- n and m represent an integer of 0 or more.
- the resin (A) may contain a repeating unit other than the repeating unit described above.
- the resin (A) contains at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of the following groups A and / or at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of the following groups B. May be good.
- Group A A group consisting of the following repeating units (20) to (29).
- Repeating unit (29) The repeating unit B group represented by the formula (E), which will be described later: A group consisting of the following repeating units (30) to (32). (30) A repeating unit having at least one group selected from a lactone group, a sulton group, a carbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group, which will be described later. Repetitive unit (32) that has neither hydroxyl group nor cyano group and is represented by the general formula (III), which will be described later.
- the resin (A) may have at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of the above group A. preferable.
- the resin (A) preferably contains at least one of a fluorine atom and an iodine atom.
- the resin (A) may have one repeating unit containing both a fluorine atom and an iodine atom, and the resin (A) may have one repeating unit.
- the resin (A) may contain two kinds of a repeating unit having a fluorine atom and a repeating unit containing an iodine atom. Further, when the composition is used as a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV, it is also preferable that the resin (A) has a repeating unit having an aromatic group. When the composition of the present invention is used as a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, the resin (A) may have at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of the above group B. preferable. When the composition of the present invention is used as a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, it is preferable that the resin (A) does not contain either a fluorine atom or a silicon atom. Further, when the composition is used as a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF, it is preferable that the resin (A) does not have an aromatic group.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an acid group.
- an acid group having a pKa of 13 or less is preferable.
- the acid dissociation constant of the acid group is preferably 13 or less, more preferably 3 to 13, and even more preferably 5 to 10.
- the acid group for example, a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group), a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group, or an isopropanol group is preferable.
- the content of the acid group in the resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is often 0.2 to 6.0 mmol / g. Of these, 0.8 to 6.0 mmol / g is preferable, 1.2 to 5.0 mmol / g is more preferable, and 1.6 to 4.0 mmol / g is even more preferable.
- the content of the acid group is within the above range, the development proceeds well, the formed pattern shape is excellent, and the resolution is also excellent.
- one or more (preferably 1 to 2) fluorine atoms may be substituted with a group other than the fluorine atom (alkoxycarbonyl group or the like).
- -C (CF 3 ) (OH) -CF 2- thus formed is also preferable as an acid group.
- one or more of the fluorine atoms may be substituted with a group other than the fluorine atom to form a ring containing —C (CF 3 ) (OH) —CF 2-.
- the repeating unit having an acid group is a repeating unit having a structure in which a polar group is protected by a leaving group desorbed by the action of the above-mentioned acid, and a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sulton group or a carbonate group described later. It is preferably a repeating unit different from the unit.
- the repeating unit having an acid group may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (B) is preferable.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the fluorine atom or an organic group may monovalent optionally having iodine atom, a group represented by -L 4 -R 8 are preferred.
- L 4 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- R 8 is an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, a cycloalkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, an aryl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and the like. Or, it represents a group that combines these.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, or an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- L 2 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- L 3 represents a (n + m + 1) -valent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or a (n + m + 1) -valent alicyclic hydrocarbon ring group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include a benzene ring group and a naphthalene ring group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon ring group may be a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring, and examples thereof include a cycloalkyl ring group.
- R 6 represents a hydroxyl group or a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group).
- L 3 is preferably a (n + m + 1) -valent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group.
- R 7 represents a halogen atom. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- m represents an integer of 1 or more. For m, an integer of 1 to 3 is preferable, and an integer of 1 to 2 is preferable.
- n represents an integer of 0 or 1 or more. n is preferably an integer of 1 to 4.
- (n + m + 1) is preferably an integer of 2 to 5.
- repeating unit having an acid group examples include the following repeating units.
- repeating unit having an acid group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I) is also preferable.
- R 41 , R 42 and R 43 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- R 42 may be bonded to Ar 4 to form a ring, in which case R 42 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- X 4 represents a single bond, -COO-, or -CONR 64-
- R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L 4 represents a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Ar 4 represents a (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group, and represents a (n + 2) -valent aromatic ring group when combined with R 42 to form a ring.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the alkyl groups of R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 in the general formula (I) include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, hexyl group, and 2-ethylhexyl.
- Alkyl groups having 20 or less carbon atoms such as groups, octyl groups, and dodecyl groups are preferable, alkyl groups having 8 or less carbon atoms are more preferable, and alkyl groups having 3 or less carbon atoms are further preferable.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more.
- the cycloalkyl groups of R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 in the general formula (I) may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Of these, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the halogen atom of R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 in the general formula (I) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group contained in the alkoxycarbonyl group of R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 in the general formula (I) is preferably the same as the alkyl group in R 41 , R 42 , and R 43.
- Preferred substituents in each of the above groups include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an amide group, a ureido group, a urethane group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a thioether group and an acyl group. , Achilloxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, cyano group, and nitro group.
- the substituent preferably has 8 or less carbon atoms. The lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more.
- Ar 4 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group.
- the divalent aromatic ring group is, for example, an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as a phenylene group, a trilene group, a naphthylene group, and an anthrasenylene group, or a thiophene ring, a furan ring, or a pyrrole.
- a divalent aromatic ring group containing a heterocycle such as a ring, a benzothiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzopyrol ring, a triazine ring, an imidazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, a triazole ring, a thiaziazole ring, and a thiazole ring is preferable.
- the aromatic ring group may have a substituent.
- (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group when n is an integer of 2 or more, (n-1) arbitrary hydrogen atoms are removed from the above-mentioned specific example of the divalent aromatic ring group. There is a group that is made up of.
- the (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group may further have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituents that the above-mentioned alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkylene group, and (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group can have include, for example, R 41 , R 42 , and R 41 in the general formula (I). , R 43 , an alkoxy group such as an alkyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a hydroxyethoxy group, a propoxy group, a hydroxypropoxy group, and a butoxy group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; and the like.
- R 64 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- the alkyl group for R 64 in, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, n- butyl group, sec
- Examples of the alkyl group have 20 or less carbon atoms such as a butyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, and a dodecyl group, and an alkyl group having 8 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more.
- the X 4, a single bond, -COO-, or, preferably -CONH- is a single bond, or, -COO- is more preferable.
- the alkylene group for L 4, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, butylene group, hexylene group, and is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as octylene group.
- Ar 4 an aromatic ring group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable, and a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, or a biphenylene ring group is more preferable.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) preferably has a hydroxystyrene structure. That is, Ar 4 is preferably a benzene ring group.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1) is preferable.
- A represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, or a cyano group.
- R represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an alkylsulfonyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group, and R is plural. If there are pieces, they may be the same or different. When having a plurality of Rs, they may form a ring jointly with each other.
- a hydrogen atom is preferable as R.
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- b represents an integer from 0 to (5-a).
- a 1 or 2.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a represents 2 or 3.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid group is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 10 to 50 mol%, based on all the repeating units in the resin (A).
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom in addition to the above-mentioned ⁇ repeating unit having an acid-degradable group> and ⁇ repeating unit having an acid group>.
- the ⁇ repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom> referred to here is a ⁇ repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group>, a ⁇ repeating unit having a photoacid generating group>, etc., which will be described later. It is preferable that the unit is different from other types of repeating units belonging to the group A.
- a repeating unit represented by the formula (C) is preferable.
- L 5 represents a single bond or an ester group.
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- R 10 may have an alkyl group which may have a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, a cycloalkyl group which may have a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom is illustrated below.
- the content of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom is preferably 0 to 60 mol%, more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, and 10 to 60 mol% with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A). More preferred.
- the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom does not include ⁇ repeating unit having an acid-degradable group> and ⁇ repeating unit having an acid group>, the above-mentioned fluorine atom or iodine.
- the content of the repeating unit having an atom is also intended to be the content of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom excluding ⁇ repeating unit having an acid-degradable group> and ⁇ repeating unit having an acid group>.
- the total content of the repeating units containing at least one of a fluorine atom and an iodine atom is preferably 1 to 100 mol% with respect to all the repeating units of the resin (A), 5 to 5 to. 80 mol% is more preferable, and 10 to 60 mol% is even more preferable.
- the repeating unit containing at least one of a fluorine atom and an iodine atom includes, for example, a repeating unit having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom and having an acid-degradable group, a fluorine atom or an iodine atom, and a repeating unit. Repeating units having an acid group and repeating units having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom can be mentioned.
- the resin (A) is a repeating unit having at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone group, a sultone group, and a carbonate group (hereinafter collectively referred to as a repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group). It may also have a "unit"). It is also preferable that the repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group does not have an acid group such as a hexafluoropropanol group.
- the lactone group or sultone group may have a lactone structure or a sultone structure.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring lactone structure or a 5- to 7-membered ring sultone structure.
- a 5- to 7-membered ring lactone structure in which another ring structure is condensed in a form forming a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure or a 5- to 7-membered ring in the form of forming a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure.
- a sultone structure in which another ring structure is fused is more preferable.
- the resin (A) has a lactone structure represented by any of the following general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21), or any of the following general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). It is preferable to have a repeating unit having a lactone group or a sultone group obtained by extracting one or more hydrogen atoms from the ring member atom of the represented sultone structure. Further, a lactone group or a sultone group may be directly bonded to the main chain. For example, a ring member atom of a lactone group or a sultone group may form the main chain of the resin (A).
- the lactone structure or sultone structure portion may have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- Preferred substituents (Rb 2 ) include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carboxyl group. , Halogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, acid-degradable group and the like.
- n2 represents an integer of 0 to 4. When n2 is 2 or more, Rb 2 existing in plural numbers may be different or may be bonded to form a ring Rb 2 between the plurality of.
- It has a group having a lactone structure represented by any of the general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21) or a sultone structure represented by any of the general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3).
- Examples of the repeating unit include a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (AI).
- Rb 0 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred substituents that the alkyl group of Rb 0 may have include a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom. Examples of the halogen atom of Rb 0 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Rb 0 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Ab is a divalent linking group having a single bond, an alkylene group, a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, or a divalent group obtained by combining these.
- Ab 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group, and a methylene group, an ethylene group, a cyclohexylene group, an adamantylene group, or a norbornene group is preferable.
- V is a group formed by extracting one hydrogen atom from a ring member atom having a lactone structure represented by any of the general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-21), or the general formula (SL1-1) to. It represents a group formed by extracting one hydrogen atom from a ring-membered atom having a sultone structure represented by any one of (SL1-3).
- any optical isomer may be used. Further, one kind of optical isomer may be used alone, or a plurality of optical isomers may be mixed and used. When one kind of optical isomer is mainly used, its optical purity (ee) is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 95 or more. The upper limit is preferably 100 or less.
- a cyclic carbonate ester group is preferable.
- a repeating unit having a cyclic carbonic acid ester group a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (A-1) is preferable.
- RA 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- n represents an integer of 0 or more.
- RA 2 represents a substituent. when n is 2 or more, R A 2 existing in plural, may each be the same or different.
- A represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group includes an alkylene group, a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, or a combination thereof.
- the valence group is preferred.
- Z represents an atomic group forming a monocyclic or polycyclic with a group represented by —O—CO—O— in the formula.
- the repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group is illustrated below.
- the content of the repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group is preferably 1 to 70 mol%, more preferably 5 to 65 mol%, and 5 to 5 to all the repeating units in the resin (A). 60 mol% is more preferred.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a group that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation (hereinafter, also referred to as “photoacid generating group”).
- the repeating unit having this photoacid-generating group corresponds to a compound that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation described later (hereinafter, also referred to as “photoacid generator”).
- photoacid generator examples of such a repeating unit include a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (4).
- R 41 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- L 41 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L 42 represents a divalent linking group.
- R 40 represents a structural site that is decomposed by irradiation with active light or radiation to generate an acid in the side chain.
- Examples of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (4) include the repeating units described in paragraphs [0094] to [0105] of JP-A-2014-041327 and International Publication No. 2018/193954. The repeating units described in paragraph [0094] are mentioned.
- the content of the repeating unit having a photoacid generating group is preferably 1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 5 to 35 mol%, and further preferably 5 to 30 mol% with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (A). preferable.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (V-1) or the following general formula (V-2).
- the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (V-1) and the following general formula (V-2) is preferably a repeating unit different from the above-mentioned repeating unit.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently have a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a halogen atom, and an ester group (-OCOR or -COOR:
- R is the number of carbon atoms. 1 to 6 alkyl groups or fluorinated alkyl groups), or carboxyl groups.
- As the alkyl group a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- n 3 represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- n 4 represents an integer from 0 to 4.
- X 4 is a methylene group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (V-1) or (V-2) is illustrated below.
- the resin (A) preferably has a high glass transition temperature (Tg) from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive diffusion of generated acid or pattern disintegration during development.
- Tg is preferably greater than 90 ° C, more preferably greater than 100 ° C, even more preferably greater than 110 ° C, and particularly preferably greater than 125 ° C.
- the Tg is preferably 400 ° C. or lower, more preferably 350 ° C. or lower, because excessively high Tg causes a decrease in the dissolution rate in the developing solution.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer such as the resin (A) is calculated by the following method.
- the Tg of a homopolymer composed of only each repeating unit contained in the polymer is calculated by the Bicerano method.
- the calculated Tg is referred to as "repeating unit Tg".
- the mass ratio (%) of each repeating unit to all the repeating units in the polymer is calculated.
- Tg at each mass ratio is calculated using the Fox formula (described in Materials Letters 62 (2008) 3152 and the like), and the sum of them is used as the Tg (° C.) of the polymer.
- the Bicerano method is described in Precision of policyr policies, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York (1993) and the like. Further, the calculation of Tg by the Bicerano method can be performed using the polymer physical property estimation software MDL Polymer (MDL Information Systems, Inc.).
- the motility of the main chain of the resin (A) In order to increase the Tg of the resin (A) (preferably, Tg exceeds 90 ° C.), it is preferable to reduce the motility of the main chain of the resin (A).
- Examples of the method for reducing the motility of the main chain of the resin (A) include the following methods (a) to (e).
- (A) Introduction of bulky substituents into the main chain (b) Introduction of multiple substituents into the main chain (c) Introduction of substituents that induce interactions between the resins (A) in the vicinity of the main chain ( d) Main chain formation in the cyclic structure (e) Connection of the cyclic structure to the main chain
- the resin (A) preferably has a repeating unit in which the Tg of the homopolymer is 130 ° C. or higher.
- the type of repeating unit in which the Tg of the homopolymer is 130 ° C. or higher is not particularly limited, and any repeating unit may be used as long as the Tg of the homopolymer calculated by the Bicerano method is 130 ° C. or higher.
- the homopolymer corresponds to the repeating unit having a Tg of 130 ° C. or higher.
- the formula (A) and RA represent a group having a polycyclic structure.
- R x represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- the group having a polycyclic structure is a group having a plurality of ring structures, and the plurality of ring structures may or may not be condensed.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (A) include those described in paragraphs [0107] to [0119] of International Publication No. 2018/193954.
- R b1 to R b4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least two or more of R b1 to R b4 represent an organic group.
- the types of other organic groups are not particularly limited.
- at least two or more organic groups have three or more constituent atoms excluding hydrogen atoms. It is a substituent.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (B) include those described in paragraphs [0113] to [0115] of International Publication No. 2018/193954.
- R c1 to R c4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and at least one of R c1 to R c4 is hydrogen-bonded hydrogen within 3 atoms from the main chain carbon. It is a group having an atom. Above all, in order to induce the interaction between the main chains of the resin (A), it is preferable to have hydrogen-bonding hydrogen atoms within 2 atoms (closer to the main chain). Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (C) include those described in paragraphs [0119] to [0121] of International Publication No. 2018/193954.
- cylic represents a group forming a backbone in a cyclic structure.
- the number of constituent atoms of the ring is not particularly limited.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (D) include those described in paragraphs [0126] to [0127] of International Publication No. 2018/193954.
- Re represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- the organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like, which may have a substituent.
- Cylic is a cyclic group containing a carbon atom in the main chain. The number of atoms contained in the cyclic group is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (E) include those described in paragraphs [0131] to [0133] of International Publication No. 2018/193954.
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the formula (E) is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, based on all the repeating units in the resin (A).
- the upper limit thereof is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 55 mol% or less.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having at least one group selected from a lactone group, a sultone group, a carbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group.
- Examples of the repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group contained in the resin (A) include the repeating unit described in the above-mentioned ⁇ Repeating unit having a lactone group, a sultone group, or a carbonate group>.
- the preferred content is also as described above in ⁇ Repeating unit having a lactone group, sultone group, or carbonate group>.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. This improves substrate adhesion and developer affinity.
- the repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group is preferably a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. It is preferable that the repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group does not have an acid-degradable group. Examples of the repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group include those described in paragraphs [0153] to [0158] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group.
- the alkali-soluble group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a bisulsulfonylimide group, and an aliphatic alcohol in which the ⁇ -position is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (for example, a hexafluoroisopropanol group). Groups are preferred.
- the resin (A) contains a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group, the resolution in contact hole applications is increased.
- the repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group includes a repeating unit in which an alkali-soluble group is directly bonded to the main chain of the resin, such as a repeating unit made of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or a repeating unit of the resin via a linking group. Repeat units to which an alkali-soluble group is attached can be mentioned.
- the linking group may have a monocyclic or polycyclic cyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- a repeating unit using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is preferable.
- the content of the repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group is preferably 0 mol% or more, more preferably 3 mol% or more, still more preferably 5 mol% or more, based on all the repeating units in the resin (A).
- the upper limit is preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 15 mol% or less, still more preferably 10 mol% or less.
- Rx represents H, CH 3 , CH 2 OH, or CF 3 .
- It has at least two selected from a lactone group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group as a repeating unit having at least one group selected from a lactone group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and an alkali-soluble group.
- the repeating unit is preferable, the repeating unit having a cyano group and a lactone group is more preferable, and the repeating unit having a structure in which the cyano group is substituted with the lactone structure represented by the general formula (LC1-4) is further preferable.
- the resin (A) may have an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and may have a repeating unit that does not exhibit acid decomposition. This makes it possible to reduce the elution of small molecule components from the resist membrane to the immersion liquid during immersion exposure.
- a repeating unit include 1-adamantyl (meth) acrylate, diamanthyl (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecanyl (meth) acrylate, and a repeating unit derived from cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit represented by the general formula (III), which has neither a hydroxyl group nor a cyano group.
- R 5 is having at least one cyclic structure represents a hydrocarbon group having neither a hydroxyl group nor a cyano group.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or -CH 2 -O-Ra 2 group.
- Ra 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an acyl group.
- the cyclic structure of R 5 includes a monocyclic hydrocarbon group and a polycyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the monocyclic hydrocarbon group include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (more preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Detailed definitions of each group in the general formula (III) and specific examples of the repeating unit include those described in paragraphs [0169] to [0173] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit other than the repeating unit described above.
- the resin (A) is a repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit having an oxatian ring group, a repeating unit having an oxazolone ring group, a repeating unit having a dioxane ring group, and a repeating unit having a hydantoin ring group. You may have. Such repeating units are illustrated below.
- the resin (A) contains various repeating structural units for the purpose of adjusting dry etching resistance, standard developer suitability, substrate adhesion, resist profile, resolution, heat resistance, sensitivity, and the like. You may have.
- all of the repeating units are composed of (meth) acrylate-based repeating units.
- the repeating units are methacrylate-based repeating units
- all of the repeating units are acrylate-based repeating units
- all of the repeating units are methacrylate-based repeating units or acrylate-based repeating units.
- the acrylate-based repeating unit is preferably 50 mol% or less of the total repeating unit.
- the resin (A) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably 1000 to 200,000, more preferably 3,000 to 20,000, and even more preferably 5,000 to 15,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably 1000 to 200,000, more preferably 3,000 to 20,000, and even more preferably 5,000 to 15,000.
- the dispersity (molecular weight distribution) of the resin (A) is usually 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1.20 to 3.00, and even more preferably 1.20 to 2.00.
- the content of the resin (A) is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
- the solid content is intended to be a component in the composition excluding the solvent, and any component other than the solvent is regarded as a solid content even if it is a liquid component.
- the resin (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition may contain other photoacid generators that do not correspond to the specific compound (compounds that do not correspond to the specific compound and generate acid by irradiation with active light or radiation).
- Other photoacid generators are compounds that generate acids upon exposure (preferably exposure to EUV light and / or ArF).
- the other photoacid generator may be in the form of a small molecule compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Further, the form of the small molecule compound and the form incorporated in a part of the polymer may be used in combination.
- the other photoacid generator is in the form of a small molecule compound, the molecular weight is preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, still more preferably 1000 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 50 or more.
- the photoacid generator is preferably in the form of a small molecule compound.
- Other photoacid generators are not particularly limited, and among them, compounds that generate organic acids are preferable. Examples of the organic acid include the organic acids described as the organic acids that can generate a specific compound.
- photoacid generators for example, "M + Y -" in a compound represented by (onium salts).
- Y - "M + Y" - represents a monovalent organic anion.
- Y in - "M + Y” - include monovalent organic anions of the organic anion contained in the specific compounds described above.
- M + Y -" in a compound represented by, M + represents a monovalent organic cation.
- the monovalent organic cation is preferably a cation represented by the general formula (ZaI) (cation (ZaI)) or a cation represented by the general formula (ZaII) (cation (ZaII)) independently.
- the cation represented by the general formula (ZaI) is different from the cation (part other than Y ⁇ ) in the specific compound (compound represented by the general formulas (1) to (3)).
- R 201 , R 202 , and R 203 each independently represent an organic group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the organic group as R 201 , R 202 , and R 203 is usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.
- two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- the two of the group formed by bonding of the R 201 ⁇ R 203 for example, an alkylene group (e.g., butylene, pentylene), and -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 - is Can be mentioned.
- an alkylene group e.g., butylene, pentylene
- -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 - is Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cation in the general formula (ZaI) include a cation (ZaI-1) described later.
- the cation (ZaI-1) is an aryl sulfonium cation in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the above general formula (ZaI) is an aryl group.
- the aryl sulfonium cation all of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, or a part of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group and the rest may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- one of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, and the remaining two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom may be formed in the ring.
- It may contain an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- a group formed by bonding two of R 201 to R 203 for example, one or more methylene groups are substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, and / or a carbonyl group.
- an alkylene group e.g., butylene group, pentylene group, or -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -) and the like.
- aryl sulfonium cation examples include triaryl sulfonium cations, diarylalkyl sulfonium cations, aryl dialkyl sulfonium cations, diaryl cycloalkyl sulfonium cations, and aryl dicycloalkyl sulfonium cations.
- the aryl group contained in the aryl sulfonium cation is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and the like. Examples of the heterocyclic structure include pyrrole residues, furan residues, thiophene residues, indole residues, benzofuran residues, benzothiophene residues and the like.
- the aryl sulfonium cation has two or more aryl groups, the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group possessed by the aryl sulfonium cation as required is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms.
- a cycloalkyl group of up to 15 is preferable, and for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, or a cyclohexyl group is more preferable.
- the substituents that the aryl group, the alkyl group, and the cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 may have are independently an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (for example, 3 carbon atoms).
- aryl group for example, 6 to 14 carbon atoms
- alkoxy group for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- cycloalkylalkoxy group for example, 3 to 15 carbon atoms
- halogen atom for example, fluorine, iodine
- hydroxyl group A carboxyl group, an ester group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, an alkylthio group, or a phenylthio group is preferable.
- the substituent may further have a substituent if possible, for example, even if the above alkyl group has a halogen atom as a substituent and is an alkyl halide group such as a trifluoromethyl group. good. It is also preferable that the above-mentioned substituents form an acid-degradable group by any combination.
- the acid-degradable group is a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid to form a polar group, and the acid-degradable group may have a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid. preferable.
- Examples of the polar group, the leaving group, and the acid-degradable group include those exemplified by the above-mentioned specific compounds.
- photoacid generators examples include the following compounds.
- the content thereof is not particularly limited, but the effect of the present invention is more excellent, and the content is 0.5% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the composition. Is preferable, 1% by mass or more is more preferable, and 2% by mass or more is further preferable.
- the content is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the photoacid generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition may contain a solvent.
- Solvents are from (M1) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate and (M2) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, lactic acid ester, acetate, alkoxypropionic acid ester, chain ketone, cyclic ketone, lactone, and alkylene carbonate. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of.
- the solvent may further contain components other than the components (M1) and (M2).
- the present inventors have found that when such a solvent and the above-mentioned resin are used in combination, the coatability of the composition is improved and a pattern having a small number of development defects can be formed. Although the reason is not always clear, these solvents have a good balance of solubility, boiling point and viscosity of the above-mentioned resins, and thus can suppress uneven film thickness of the composition film and generation of precipitates in spin coating. The present inventors believe that this is due to the above. Details of the component (M1) and the component (M2) are described in paragraphs [0218] to [0226] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- the solvent may further contain components other than the components (M1) and (M2).
- the content of the components other than the components (M1) and (M2) is preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent in the resist composition is preferably set so that the solid content concentration is 0.5 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 20% by mass. By doing so, the coatability of the resist composition can be further improved.
- the solid content means all components other than the solvent.
- the resist composition may further contain an acid diffusion control agent.
- the acid diffusion control agent acts as a quencher for trapping the acid generated from the photoacid generator, and plays a role of controlling the acid diffusion phenomenon in the resist film.
- Examples of the acid diffusion control agent include basic compounds.
- the basic compound is preferably a compound having a structure represented by the following general formulas (A) to (E).
- R200 , R201 and R202 may be the same or different, and may be the same or different, and may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms), or a cycloalkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms). Represents an aryl group (preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms), wherein R 201 and R 202 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups in these general formulas (A) and (E) are preferably unsubstituted.
- the resist composition has a proton-accepting functional group as an acid diffusion control agent, and is decomposed by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce or eliminate the proton-accepting property, or to change from the proton-accepting property to acidity. It may contain a compound (hereinafter, also referred to as “compound (PA)”) that generates a changed compound.
- compound (PA) also referred to as “compound (PA)”
- the proton acceptor functional group is a group capable of electrostatically interacting with a proton or a functional group having an electron, for example, a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether, or ⁇ . It means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to conjugation.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure shown in the following general formula.
- Examples of the acid diffusion control agent include the compounds described in paragraphs [0238] to [0271] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent is preferably 0.001 to 15% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resist composition. More preferred.
- the acid diffusion control agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition is represented by any of the specific compounds having an anion represented by the formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3) and / or any of the formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3).
- d1 series photoacid generators When other photoacid generators having an anions (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "d1 series photoacid generators") are contained, the d1 series photoacid generators also play a role as an acid diffusion control agent. Can also be given.
- the resist composition contains a d1 based photoacid generator, it is also preferable that the resist composition does not substantially contain an acid diffusion control agent.
- the fact that the acid diffusion control agent is not substantially contained means that the content of the acid diffusion control agent is 5% by mass or less with respect to the total content of the d1 based photoacid generator.
- the total content thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass.
- the photoacid generator / acid diffusion control agent (molar ratio) is more preferably 2.0 to 200, and even more preferably 2.0 to 150.
- the acid diffusion control agent for example, the compounds described in paragraphs [0140] to [0144] of JP2013-11833A (amine compounds, amide group-containing compounds, urea compounds, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, etc.) are also used. Can be mentioned.
- the resist composition may contain a hydrophobic resin different from the resin (A) in addition to the resin (A).
- Hydrophobic resins are preferably designed to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film, but unlike surfactants, they do not necessarily have to have hydrophilic groups in the molecule and are a uniform mixture of polar and non-polar substances. It does not have to contribute to.
- the effects of adding the hydrophobic resin include controlling the static and dynamic contact angles of the resist film surface with respect to water, and suppressing outgas.
- Hydrophobic resin from the viewpoint of uneven distribution in the film surface layer, "fluorine atom", “silicon atom”, and to have any one or more "CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the resin” Is preferable, and it is more preferable to have two or more kinds.
- the hydrophobic resin preferably has a hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms. These groups may be present in the main chain of the resin or may be substituted with side chains. Examples of the hydrophobic resin include the compounds described in paragraphs [0275] to [0279] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- the content of the hydrophobic resin is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resist composition. ..
- the resist composition may contain a surfactant.
- a surfactant is contained, it is possible to form a pattern having better adhesion and less development defects.
- the surfactant is preferably a fluorine-based and / or a silicon-based surfactant. Examples of the surfactant include the compounds described in paragraphs [0281] to [0282] of International Publication No. 2020/004306.
- surfactant one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.0001 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 1% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is more preferably 0.05 to 0.5.
- the resist composition comprises a dissolution inhibitory compound, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, and / or a compound that promotes solubility in a developing solution (for example, a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, or a carboxylic acid group). It may further contain an alicyclic or aliphatic compound).
- the resist composition may further contain a dissolution inhibitory compound.
- a dissolution inhibitory compound is a compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less, which is decomposed by the action of an acid and its solubility in an organic developer is reduced.
- the resist composition of the present invention is suitably used as a photosensitive composition for EUV light.
- EUV light has a wavelength of 13.5 nm, which is shorter than that of ArF (wavelength 193 nm) light and the like, so that the number of incident photons when exposed with the same sensitivity is small. Therefore, the influence of "photon shot noise" in which the number of photons varies stochastically is large, which leads to deterioration of LER and bridge defects.
- photon shot noise there is a method of increasing the exposure amount and increasing the number of incident photons, but this is a trade-off with the demand for higher sensitivity.
- the absorption efficiency of EUV light and electron beam of the resist film formed from the resist composition becomes high, which is effective in reducing photon shot noise.
- the A value represents the absorption efficiency of EUV light and electron beam in the mass ratio of the resist film.
- the A value is preferably 0.120 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if the A value is too large, the EUV light and electron beam transmittance of the resist film decreases, the optical image profile in the resist film deteriorates, and as a result, it becomes difficult to obtain a good pattern shape. Therefore, 0.240 or less is preferable, and 0.220 or less is more preferable.
- [H] represents the molar ratio of the hydrogen atom derived from the total solid content to the total atom of the total solid content in the sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [C] represents the molar ratio of carbon atoms derived from the total solid content to all the atoms of the total solid content in the sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [N] represents the molar ratio of the carbon atom derived from the total solid content.
- [F] is the molar ratio of the fluorine atoms derived from the total solid content to the total atoms of the total solid content in the sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [S] represents the molar ratio of the sulfur atom derived from the total solid content to all the atoms of the total solid content in the sensitive ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition
- [I] represents the sensitive light beam. It represents the molar ratio of the iodine atom derived from the total solid content to the total atom of the total solid content in the sex or radiation sensitive resin composition.
- the resist composition contains a resin (acid-degradable resin) whose polarity is increased by the action of an acid, a photoacid generator, an acid diffusion control agent, and a solvent, the resin, the photoacid generator, and the acid.
- the diffusion control agent corresponds to the solid content. That is, the total atom of the total solid content corresponds to the total of all the atoms derived from the resin, all the atoms derived from the photoacid generator, and all the atoms derived from the acid diffusion control agent.
- [H] represents the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms derived from all solids to all atoms of all solids, and to explain based on the above example, [H] is all atoms derived from the resin and light. Hydrogen atom derived from the resin, hydrogen atom derived from the photoacid generator, and hydrogen derived from the acid diffusion control agent with respect to the total of all atoms derived from the acid generator and all atoms derived from the acid diffusion control agent. It represents the total molar ratio of atoms.
- the A value can be calculated by calculating the structure of the constituent components of the total solid content in the resist composition and, if the content is known, the ratio of the number of atoms contained in the resist composition. Further, even when the constituent atoms are unknown, the constituent atomic number ratio can be calculated for the resist membrane obtained by evaporating the solvent component of the resist composition by an analytical method such as elemental analysis. ..
- Step 1 Forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition
- Step 2 Step of exposing a resist film
- Step 3 Develop an exposed resist film using a developing solution to form a pattern. Steps The procedure of each of the above steps will be described in detail below.
- Step 1 is a step of forming a resist film on the substrate using the resist composition.
- the definition of the resist composition is as described above.
- a method of forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition for example, a method of applying a resist composition on a substrate can be mentioned. It is preferable to filter the resist composition as necessary before coating.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- the resist composition can be applied onto a substrate (eg, silicon, silicon dioxide coating) such as that used in the manufacture of integrated circuit devices by an appropriate coating method such as a spinner or coater.
- the coating method is preferably spin coating using a spinner.
- the rotation speed at the time of spin application using a spinner is preferably 1000 to 3000 rpm.
- the substrate may be dried to form a resist film. If necessary, various undercoat films (inorganic film, organic film, and antireflection film) may be formed under the resist film.
- drying method examples include a method of heating and drying.
- the heating can be carried out by a means provided in a normal exposure machine and / or a developing machine, and may be carried out by using a hot plate or the like.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, still more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 60 to 800 seconds, still more preferably 60 to 600 seconds.
- the film thickness of the resist film is not particularly limited, but 10 to 65 nm is preferable, and 15 to 50 nm is more preferable, because a fine pattern with higher accuracy can be formed.
- a top coat may be formed on the upper layer of the resist film by using the top coat composition. It is preferable that the topcoat composition is not mixed with the resist film and can be uniformly applied to the upper layer of the resist film.
- the top coat is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known top coat can be formed by a conventionally known method. For example, a top coat is prepared based on the description in paragraphs [0072] to [0082] of JP-A-2014-059543. Can be formed. For example, it is preferable to form a top coat containing a basic compound as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-61648 on the resist film. Specific examples of the basic compound that can be contained in the top coat include basic compounds that may be contained in the resist composition.
- the top coat also preferably contains a compound containing at least one group or bond selected from the group consisting of ether bonds, thioether bonds, hydroxyl groups, thiol groups, carbonyl bonds, and ester bonds.
- Step 2 is a step of exposing the resist film.
- the exposure method include a method of irradiating the formed resist film with EUV light through a predetermined mask.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, still more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 10 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 10 to 180 seconds, still more preferably 30 to 120 seconds.
- the heating can be carried out by means provided in a normal exposure machine and / or a developing machine, and may be performed by using a hot plate or the like. This process is also called post-exposure baking.
- Step 3 is a step of developing the exposed resist film using a developing solution to form a pattern.
- the developer may be an alkaline developer or a developer containing an organic solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as "organic developer").
- Examples of the developing method include a method of immersing the substrate in a tank filled with a developing solution for a certain period of time (dip method), and a method of raising the developing solution on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and allowing it to stand still for a certain period of time (paddle method). ), A method of spraying the developer on the surface of the substrate (spray method), and a method of continuously ejecting the developer while scanning the developer discharge nozzle at a constant speed on the substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic discharge method). ). Further, after the step of performing the development, a step of stopping the development may be carried out while substituting with another solvent.
- the development time is not particularly limited as long as the resin in the unexposed portion is sufficiently dissolved, and is preferably 10 to 300 seconds, more preferably 20 to 120 seconds.
- the temperature of the developer is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 15 to 35 ° C.
- an alkaline aqueous solution containing an alkali is not particularly limited, and for example, a quaternary ammonium salt typified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide, an inorganic alkali, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an alcohol amine, a cyclic amine, or the like can be used.
- Examples include alkaline aqueous solutions containing.
- the alkaline developer is preferably an aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt typified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- An appropriate amount of alcohols, surfactants and the like may be added to the alkaline developer.
- the alkaline concentration of the alkaline developer is usually 0.1 to 20% by mass.
- the pH of the alkaline developer is usually 10.0 to 15.0.
- the organic developer is a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, an ether solvent, and a hydrocarbon solvent. Is preferable.
- the pattern forming method preferably includes a step of washing with a rinsing solution after the step 3.
- Examples of the rinsing solution used in the rinsing step after the step of developing with an alkaline developer include pure water. An appropriate amount of a surfactant may be added to the pure water. An appropriate amount of a surfactant may be added to the rinse solution.
- the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the development step using the organic developer is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the pattern, and a solution containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- a rinsing solution a rinsing solution containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, and an ether solvent is used. Is preferable.
- the hydrocarbon solvent, the ketone solvent, the ester solvent, the alcohol solvent, the amide solvent, and the ether solvent include the same as those described for the developing solution containing the organic solvent.
- the method of the rinsing process is not particularly limited, and for example, a method of continuously discharging the rinsing liquid onto a substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotary coating method), or immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinsing liquid for a certain period of time. Examples thereof include a method (dip method) and a method of spraying a rinse liquid on the substrate surface (spray method).
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include a heating step (Post Bake) after the rinsing step. By this step, the developer and the rinse liquid remaining between the patterns and inside the patterns are removed by baking. In addition, this step has the effect of smoothing the resist pattern and improving the surface roughness of the pattern.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually performed at 40 to 250 ° C. (preferably 90 to 200 ° C.) for 10 seconds to 3 minutes (preferably 30 seconds to 120 seconds).
- the substrate may be etched using the formed pattern as a mask. That is, the pattern formed in step 3 may be used as a mask to process the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) to form the pattern on the substrate.
- the processing method of the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) is not particularly limited, but the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) is dry-etched by using the pattern formed in step 3 as a mask.
- the method of forming the pattern is preferable.
- the dry etching may be one-step etching or multi-step etching. When the etching is an etching consisting of a plurality of stages, the etching of each stage may be the same process or different processes.
- etching any known method can be used for etching, and various conditions and the like are appropriately determined according to the type and application of the substrate.
- the Bulletin of the International Society of Optical Engineering (Proc. Of SPIE) Vol. Etching can be performed according to 6924, 692420 (2008), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-267112, and the like. It is also possible to follow the method described in "Chapter 4 Etching" of "Semiconductor Process Textbook 4th Edition 2007 Published Publisher: SEMI Japan". Of these, oxygen plasma etching is preferable for dry etching.
- the resist composition and various materials used in the pattern forming method of the present invention are impurities such as metals. It is preferable not to contain.
- the content of impurities contained in these materials is preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 10 mass ppt or less, further preferably 100 mass ppt or less, particularly preferably 10 mass ppt or less, and most preferably 1 mass ppt or less.
- examples of the metal impurities include Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, Al, Li, Cr, Ni, Sn, Ag, As, Au, Ba, Cd, Co, Pb, Ti, V, and the like. W, Zn and the like can be mentioned.
- filtration using a filter As a method for removing impurities such as metals from various materials, for example, filtration using a filter can be mentioned. Details of filtration using a filter are described in paragraph [0321] of WO 2020/004306.
- a method of reducing impurities such as metals contained in various materials for example, a method of selecting a raw material having a low metal content as a raw material constituting various materials, and filtering the raw materials constituting various materials are performed. Examples thereof include a method of performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible by lining the inside of the apparatus with Teflon (registered trademark).
- impurities may be removed by an adsorbent, or filter filtration and an adsorbent may be used in combination.
- a known adsorbent can be used, and for example, an inorganic adsorbent such as silica gel and zeolite, and an organic adsorbent such as activated carbon can be used.
- an inorganic adsorbent such as silica gel and zeolite
- an organic adsorbent such as activated carbon
- Organic treatment liquids such as rinsing liquids contain conductive compounds in order to prevent failures of chemical liquid piping and various parts (filters, O-rings, tubes, etc.) due to static electricity charging and subsequent electrostatic discharge. It may be added.
- the conductive compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol.
- the amount to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, in terms of maintaining preferable development characteristics or rinsing characteristics.
- various piping coated with SUS stainless steel
- polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.
- fluororesin polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.
- filter and the O-ring polyethylene, polypropylene, or a fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy resin, etc.) that has been subjected to antistatic treatment can be used.
- a method for improving the surface roughness of the pattern may be applied to the pattern formed by the method of the present invention.
- Examples of the method for improving the surface roughness of the pattern include a method of treating the pattern with a plasma of a hydrogen-containing gas disclosed in International Publication No. 2014/002808.
- SPIE Vol. 8328 8328N-1 "EUV Resist Curing Technology for LWR Reduction and Etch Sensitivity Enhancement" can be mentioned.
- the aspect ratio obtained by dividing the pattern height by the line width is preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 2.1 or less, still more preferably 1.7 or less. ..
- the pattern to be formed is a trench pattern or a contact hole pattern
- the aspect ratio obtained by dividing the pattern height by the trench width or the hole diameter is preferably 4.0 or less, preferably 3.5. The following is more preferable, and 3.0 or less is further preferable.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention can also be used for guide pattern forming in DSA (Directed Self-Assembly) (see, for example, ACS Nano Vol. 4 No. 8 Page 4815-4823).
- DSA Directed Self-Assembly
- the pattern formed by the above method can be used as, for example, the core material (core) of the spacer process disclosed in JP-A-3-270227 and JP-A-2013-164509.
- the method for producing the specific compound is not particularly limited, but in the presence of the basic compound, the compound having at least one cation represented by the general formula (4) is reacted with the compound represented by the general formula (5). Therefore, a production method having a step of producing a specific compound is preferable. In the following, first, the materials used in the above manufacturing method will be described in detail, and then the procedure of the manufacturing method will be described in detail.
- R d1 represents a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom represented by R d3 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Among them, a fluorine atom is preferable for R d3 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- a compound represented by the general formula (4-1) or a compound represented by the general formula (4-2) is preferable.
- Z p + represents a cation represented by the general formula (4).
- Y 1 ⁇ represents a monovalent organic anion.
- the monovalent organic anion is intended to be a monovalent organic anion among the above-mentioned organic anions.
- Z p + represents a cation
- at least one of Z p + represents a cation represented by the general formula (4).
- the cation other than the cation represented by the general formula (4) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known sulfonium cations and iodonium cations.
- Y 2 - represents an anionic functional group.
- anionic functional groups is as described above.
- L represents a linking group of q valence.
- q represents an integer of 2 or more.
- the definitions of L and q are the same as the definitions of L and q in the general formula (3).
- the compound represented by the general formula (4) is preferably the compound represented by the general formula (U-1).
- Y 1 - represents a monovalent organic anion.
- the monovalent organic anion is intended to be a monovalent organic anion among the above-mentioned organic anions.
- RU1 to RU3 independently represent halogen atoms.
- RU11 to RU13 each independently represent an organic group.
- R U11 to R U13 are synonymous with R b1 to R b3 in the general formula (S-1).
- A1 to a3 and b1 to b3 in the general formula (U-1) are synonymous with a1 to a3 and b1 to b3 in the general formula (S-1), respectively.
- X d2 represents a group represented by the general formula (1-1) or a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid. Equation (1-1) * -L d2- R d2
- L d2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R d2 represents a group that is decomposed by the action of an acid and whose polarity is increased. * Represents the bond position.
- a basic compound is used in the method for producing a specific compound.
- the basic compound may be an organic compound or an inorganic compound.
- the basic compound include organometallic compounds such as primary to quaternary amine compounds, metal salts, and alcoholic metal compounds.
- a basic compound as an acid diffusion control agent can also be used as the basic compound.
- the basic compound is preferably a carbonate or a hydroxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- organic compound examples include methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, N- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) ethanolamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine.
- Examples thereof include pyridine compounds and derivatives thereof; azole compounds such as imidazole and triazole, and derivatives thereof; ammonium compounds such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and derivatives thereof; guanidine. ..
- Examples of the inorganic compound include carbonates of alkali metals such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; carbonates of alkaline earth metals such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; and alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- Examples include hydrides of earth metals.
- the basic compound one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used.
- a solvent may be used in the method for producing a specific compound.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the material to be used.
- the solvent contained in the resist composition described above can also be used.
- the solvent may be an organic solvent or an aqueous solvent.
- the solvent examples include an alcohol solvent such as methanol and ethanol; an alkane solvent such as hexane, cyclohexane, and heptane; an ester solvent, a cyclohexanone, and a ketone solvent such as methyl-2-n-amylketone; propylene.
- examples thereof include ether solvents such as glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid; and lactone solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- an alcohol solvent such as methanol and ethanol is preferable, and methanol or ethanol is more preferable.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used.
- the procedure of the production method is not particularly limited as long as the compound represented by the general formula (4) can be reacted with the compound represented by the general formula (5) in the presence of the basic compound.
- a compound represented by the general formula (4) and a compound represented by the general formula (5) may be added to a reaction system in which a basic compound is present to cause a reaction.
- the ratio of the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (5) to the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (4) (the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (5) / the general formula (4)).
- the amount of the compound represented by (1) is not particularly limited, and 3.0 to 1.0 is preferable, and 2.0 to 1.0 is more preferable, because the yield of the specific compound is excellent.
- the ratio of the amount of the basic compound used to the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (5) (the amount of the basic compound used / the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (5)) is not particularly limited. In terms of excellent yield of the specific compound, 5.0 to 1.0 is preferable, and 3.0 to 1.0 is more preferable.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. to 50 ° C., and even more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 minute to 24 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 1 hour.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic device including the above-mentioned pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- the electronic device of the present invention is suitably mounted on an electric / electronic device (home appliance, OA (Office Automation), media-related device, optical device, communication device, etc.).
- Compound B-1B was synthesized with reference to the following papers. Imazeki, Shigeaki; Sumino, Motoshige; Fukasawa, Kazuhito; Ishihara, Masami; Akiyama, Takahiko [Synthesis, 2004, # 10, p. 1648 --1654
- Compound B-12A was synthesized with reference to the following papers. Imazeki, Shigeaki; Sumino, Motoshige; Fukasawa, Kazuhito; Ishihara, Masami; Akiyama, Takahiko [Synthesis, 2004, # 10, p. 1648 --1654.
- the comparative compound Z-1 is shown below.
- Cyclohexanone (113 g) was heated to 80 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. While stirring this solution, the monomer represented by the following formula M-1 (25.5 g), the monomer represented by the following formula M-2 (31.6 g), cyclohexanone (210 g), and 2,2'-.
- a mixed solution of dimethyl azobisisobutyrate [V-601, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.] (6.21 g) was added dropwise over 6 hours to obtain a reaction solution. After completion of the dropping, the reaction solution was further stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. The obtained reaction solution was allowed to cool, reprecipitated with a large amount of methanol / water (mass ratio 9: 1), filtered, and the obtained solid was vacuum dried to obtain 52 g of resin A-1. ..
- Resins A-2 to A-30 were synthesized with reference to the above resin A-1 synthesis method.
- Table 1 shows the composition ratio (molar ratio; corresponding in order from the left), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of each repeating unit shown later.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the dispersity (Mw / Mn) of the resins A-1 to A-30 were measured by GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) (in terms of polystyrene).
- the composition ratio (mol% ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- the resins A-1 to A-30 are shown below. * Represents the bond position.
- the acid diffusion control agents D-1 to D-11 other than the above are shown below.
- Hydrophobic resins (E-1 to E-11) and topcoat resins (PT-1 to PT-3) were synthesized according to Table 2. Further, the molar ratio, weight average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of the repeating units in the hydrophobic resins (E-1 to E-11) and the topcoat resins (PT-1 to PT-3). Is shown in Table 2.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of the hydrophobic resins E-1 to E-11 or the topcoat resins PT-1 to PT-3 are GPC (carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)). ) (Polystyrene equivalent).
- the composition ratio (mol% ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- the monomers ME-1 to ME-20 used for the synthesis of the hydrophobic resins E-1 to E-11 shown in Table 2 and the topcoat resins PT-1 to PT-3 shown in Table 2 are shown below. ..
- composition of each resist composition is shown below.
- ⁇ Surfactant> When the resist composition contained a surfactant, the following surfactant was used.
- H-2 Megafuck R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, fluorine and silicon-based surfactant)
- top coat composition The various components contained in the top coat composition shown in Table 5 are shown below. ⁇ Resin> As the resin shown in Table 5, the resins PT-1 to PT-3 shown in Table 2 were used.
- top coat composition Each component shown in Table 5 was mixed so that the solid content concentration was 3% by mass, and then the obtained mixed solution was first subjected to a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 50 nm, and then a nylon filter having a pore size of 10 nm. Finally, a top coat composition was prepared by filtering in the order of a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 5 nm.
- the solid content here means all components other than the solvent. The resulting topcoat composition was used in the examples.
- FT-1 4-Methyl-2-pentanol (MIBC)
- MIBC 4-Methyl-2-pentanol
- FT-2 n-decane
- FT-3 diisoamyl ether
- the film thickness of the top coat film was 100 nm in each case.
- an ArF excimer laser immersion scanner manufactured by ASML; XT1700i, NA1.20, Dipole, outer sigma 0.950, inner sigma 0.850, Y-polarized light
- the line width is 45 nm 1: Exposure was made through a 1-line and space pattern 6% halftone mask. Ultrapure water was used as the immersion liquid. The exposed resist film was baked at 90 ° C. for 60 seconds, developed with n-butyl acetate for 30 seconds, and then rinsed with 4-methyl-2-pentanol for 30 seconds. Then, this was spin-dried to obtain a negative pattern.
- ⁇ LWR evaluation> A length-measuring scanning electron microscope (SEM Co., Ltd.) is used for a 45 nm (1: 1) line-and-space pattern resolved at the optimum exposure amount when resolving a line pattern with an average line width of 45 nm.
- the LWR (nm) is preferably 2.8 nm or less, more preferably 2.5 nm or less, further preferably 2.3 nm or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 nm or less.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 6 below.
- the resist composition of the present invention can form a pattern having excellent LWR performance when a pattern is obtained by ArF exposure and organic solvent development.
- the acid-degradable group is a group represented by the general formula (a-1) from the comparison between Examples 1-3, 1-4, 1-7, 1-8 and other examples.
- a-1 the acid-degradable group
- the atom represented by X d1 is a sulfur atom
- the line width is 45 nm 1: Exposure was made through a 1-line and space pattern 6% halftone mask. Ultrapure water was used as the immersion liquid. The resist film after exposure was baked at 90 ° C. for 60 seconds, developed with an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (2.38% by mass) for 30 seconds, and then rinsed with pure water for 30 seconds. Then, this was spin-dried to obtain a positive pattern. The obtained positive pattern was evaluated in the same manner as the ⁇ defect evaluation> and ⁇ LWR evaluation> performed in the above-mentioned [Pattern formation (1): ArF immersion exposure, organic solvent development]. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7 below.
- the resist composition of the present invention can form a pattern having excellent LWR performance when a pattern is obtained by ArF exposure and development with an alkaline aqueous solution. Further, the same tendency as the result of [Pattern formation (1): ArF immersion exposure, organic solvent development] was confirmed.
- the underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer and baked at 205 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a base film having a film thickness of 20 nm.
- the resin composition shown in Table 8 (see Table 4 for the composition of the resin composition) was applied thereto and baked at 100 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a film thickness of 30 nm.
- an EUV exposure device Micro Exposure Tool, NA0.3, Quadrupole, outer sigma 0.68, inner sigma 0.36, manufactured by Exitech
- pattern irradiation was performed on the silicon wafer having the obtained resist film. rice field.
- the resist film after exposure was baked at 90 ° C. for 60 seconds, then developed with n-butyl acetate for 30 seconds, and spin-dried to obtain a negative pattern.
- ⁇ LWR evaluation> A length-measuring scanning electron microscope (SEM Co., Ltd.) is used for a 20 nm (1: 1) line-and-space pattern resolved at the optimum exposure amount when resolving a line pattern with an average line width of 20 nm.
- the LWR (nm) is preferably 4.2 nm or less, more preferably 3.8 nm or less, further preferably 3.5 nm or less, particularly preferably 3.2 nm or less, and most preferably 3.0 nm or less. The following are particularly preferred.
- Table 8 The evaluation results are shown in Table 8 below.
- the resist composition of the present invention can form a pattern having excellent LWR performance when a pattern is obtained by EUV exposure and organic solvent development. From the comparison between Examples 3-7 and 3-14 with other Examples, it was confirmed that the effect is more excellent when X d1 is a sulfur atom in the general formula (1). From the comparison with Examples 3-3, 3-7, 3-8, and 3-12, in the general formula (1), the group whose polarity is increased by decomposition by the action of an acid is the general formula (a-1). ) was confirmed to be more effective. From the results in Table 8 above, it was confirmed that a more excellent effect can be obtained when the number of acid-degradable groups and the number of leaving groups eliminated by the action of an acid are 2 or more.
- the underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer and baked at 205 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a base film having a film thickness of 20 nm.
- the resin composition shown in Table 9 (see Table 4 for the composition of the resin composition) was applied thereto and baked at 100 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a film thickness of 30 nm.
- the resist composition of the present invention can form a pattern having excellent LWR performance when a pattern is obtained by EUV exposure and development with an alkaline aqueous solution. Further, the same tendency as the result of [Pattern formation (3): EUV exposure, organic solvent development] was confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
リソグラフィーの方法として、感光性組成物によりレジスト膜を形成した後、得られた膜を露光して、その後、現像する方法が挙げられる。
特許文献1では、感光性組成物に使用される酸発生剤として所定の化合物が開示されており、例えば、以下の化合物が例示されている。
また、本発明は、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する、レジスト膜、パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、化合物、及び化合物の製造方法を提供することも課題とする。
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、樹脂とは別に、後述する一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を更に含むか、又は、
樹脂が、繰り返し単位とは別に、後述する一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを有する繰り返し単位を更に有する、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(2) 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を含み、
一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物が、後述する一般式(2)で表される化合物、及び、後述する一般式(3)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、(1)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(3) Xd1が硫黄原子である、(1)又は(2)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(4) 一般式(1)中、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基が、後述する一般式(a-1)で表される基である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(5) 一般式(1)中、nが2~3の整数、又はpが2~5の整数を表す、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(6) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成された、レジスト膜。
(7) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。
(8) (7)に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
(9) 後述する一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物。
(10) 後述する一般式(2)で表される化合物、又は、後述する一般式(3)で表される化合物である、(9)に記載の化合物。
(11) Xd1が硫黄原子である、(9)又は(10)に記載の化合物。
(12) 一般式(1)中、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基が、後述する一般式(a-1)で表される基である、(9)~(11)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(13) 一般式(1)中、nが2~3の整数、又はpが2~5の整数である、(9)~(12)のいずれかに記載の化合物。
(14) (9)~(13)のいずれかに記載の一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物の製造方法であって、
塩基性化合物の存在下、後述する一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物と、後述する一般式(5)で表される化合物とを反応させて、一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を製造する、化合物の製造方法。
また、本発明によれば、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する、レジスト膜、パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法、化合物、及び化合物の製造方法を提供できる。
本明細書における「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書における基(原子団)の表記において、置換又は無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有していない基と共に置換基を有する基をも含む。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも含む。
置換基は、特に断らない限り、1価の置換基が好ましい。
本明細書中における「有機基」とは、少なくとも1個の炭素原子を含む基をいう。
本明細書における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザー(ArFエキシマレーザー等)に代表される遠紫外線、X線、及びEUV光等による露光のみならず、電子線、及びイオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含む。
H+解離自由エネルギーの計算方法については、例えば、DFT(密度汎関数法)により計算できるが、他にも様々な手法が文献等で報告されており、これに制限されるものではない。なお、DFTを実施できるソフトウェアは複数存在するが、例えば、Gaussian16が挙げられる。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、「レジスト組成物」ともいう。)について説明する。
本発明のレジスト組成物は、ポジ型のレジスト組成物であってもよく、ネガ型のレジスト組成物であってもよい。また、アルカリ現像用のレジスト組成物であってもよく、有機溶剤現像用のレジスト組成物であってもよい。
本発明の組成物は、典型的には、化学増幅型のレジスト組成物である。
言い換えると、本発明のレジスト組成物は、酸分解性樹脂及び特定化合物を含むか、又は、特定繰り返し単位を有する酸分解性樹脂を含む。
特定化合物は、通常、光酸発生剤として作用する。特定化合物は、所定の位置に硫黄原子を含むため、カチオンの極性が特許文献1に記載される化合物よりも低減され、特定化合物同士の凝集などが抑制され、酸分解性樹脂との相溶性にも優れているため、形成されたパターンのLWR性能が良好となる。特に、酸分解性樹脂から生じる極性基と共に、特定化合物が有する酸分解性基が分解して極性基を生じることにより、露光部のアルカリ現像液に対する溶解性の向上、及び有機溶剤現像液に対する溶解液の低下がみられ、ポジ型及びネガ型のいずれにおいてもLWR性能が向上する傾向がある。
以下、本明細書において、LWR性能により優れるパターンを得られることを、本発明の効果が優れるともいう。
以下、レジスト組成物が含み得る成分について詳述する。
本発明のレジスト組成物は、特定化合物を含むか、後述する特定繰り返し単位を有する酸分解性樹脂を含む。以下では、まず、特定化合物について詳述する。
特定化合物が酸拡散制御剤として作用する場合、特に制限されないが、特定化合物から発生する酸のpKaが、レジスト組成物中に別途含まれる光酸発生剤から発生する酸のpKaよりも大きい場合が多い。特定化合物が酸拡散制御剤として作用する場合、後述する酸分解性樹脂を、酸の作用により分解できない場合が多い。
つまり、特定化合物は他のレジスト組成物に含まれる成分との相対関係によって光酸発生剤又は酸拡散制御剤として作用できる。
上記体積の値は、富士通株式会社製の「WinMOPAC」を用いて求める。上記体積の値の計算は、まず、各例に係る酸の化学構造を入力し、次に、この構造を初期構造としてMM(Molecular Mechanics)3法を用いた分子力場計算により、各酸の最安定立体配座を決定し、その後、これら最安定立体配座についてPM(Parameterized Model number)3法を用いた分子軌道計算を行って、各酸の「accessible volume」を計算できる。
上記酸として、例えば、スルホン酸(脂肪族スルホン酸、芳香族スルホン酸、及び、カンファースルホン酸等)、カルボン酸(脂肪族カルボン酸、芳香族カルボン酸、及び、アラルキルカルボン酸等)、カルボニルスルホニルイミド酸、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド酸、及び、トリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチド酸等が挙げられる。
極性基としては、例えば、エーテル基、エステル基、アミド基、アシル基、スルホ基、スルホニルオキシ基、スルホンアミド基、チオエーテル基、チオエステル基、ウレア基、カーボネート基、カーバメート基、水酸基、及びメルカプト基が挙げられる。
発生する酸が有する極性基の数は特に制限されないが、1個以上が好ましく、2個以上がより好ましい。ただし、過剰な現像を抑制する点から、極性基の数は、6個未満が好ましく、4個未満がより好ましい。
特定化合物が有する一般式(1)で表されるカチオンの数は特に制限されず、1つ以上であればよく、2つ以上であってもよい。
特定化合物が一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを2つ以上有する場合、その数は2~3つが好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果が優れる点で、Xd1は、硫黄原子が好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果が優れる点で、pは1~4の整数が好ましく、1~3の整数がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
なお、nが2以上の場合、複数のpは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
また、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、nは2~3、又はpは2~5が好ましく、nは2~3、又はpは2~3がより好ましい。
なかでも、Rd1は、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基が好ましく、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基がより好ましい。
Rd1で表される置換基を有していてもよいアリール基は、単環又は多環であってもよい。なかでも、上記アリール基は、単環が好ましい。また、上記アルキル基、又はアルケニル基は、環状が好ましい。
Rd1は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。
Rd1が有する置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよいアルキル基が好ましく、酸素原子及びハロゲン原子からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有するアルキル基がより好ましい。
Rd1で表される基の炭素数は、30以下が好ましく、25以下がより好ましく、20以下が更に好ましい。上記炭素数の下限は特に制限されないが、3以上が好ましい。
mが2を表す場合、2つのRd1は互いに結合して、環を形成していてもよい。上記によって形成される環の環員数は、5又は6が好ましい。Rd1が互いに結合して形成する環は、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置換されていてもよい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Ld1は単結合が好ましい。
Ld1で表される2価の連結基としては、例えば、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-S-、-NH-、CS-、-SO-、―SO2-、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及びアリーレン基等)、及びこれらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられる。
なかでも、上記2価の連結基は、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基を有することが好ましく、メチレン基、エチレン基、又はプロピレン基を有することがより好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素環基は、単環又は多環であってもよい。なかでも、単環が好ましい。
Ard1で表される芳香族炭化水素環基としては、例えば、ベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、及びアントラセン環基が挙げられる。なかでも、上記芳香族炭化水素環基は、ベンゼン環基、又はナフタレン環基が好ましく、ベンゼン環基がより好ましい。
Ard1で表される芳香族炭化水素環基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。なかでも、上記芳香族炭化水素環基は、無置換が好ましい。
上記芳香族炭化水素環基が有する置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン原子を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基、及びハロゲン原子を有していてもよいアルコキシ基が挙げられる。なかでも、上記置換基としては、無置換の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましい。
一般式(1-1) *-Ld2-Rd2
一般式(1-1)中、Ld2は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Ld2は2価の連結基が好ましい。
Ld2で表される2価の連結基としては、上述したLd1で例示した2価の連結基が挙げられる。
酸分解性基とは、酸の作用により分解して極性基を生じる基をいう。酸分解性基は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基によって、極性基が保護された構造を有することが好ましい。つまり、特定化合物は、酸の作用により分解し、極性基を生じる基を有する。酸の作用により極性が増大してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する。
なかでも、極性基としては、カルボキシル基、ヒドロキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、及びスルホン酸基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、カルボキシル基、ヒドロキシル基、又はフェノール性水酸基がより好ましい。
一般式(S1):-C(RxS1)(RxS2)(RxS3)
一般式(S2):-C(=O)OC(RxS1)(RxS2)(RxS3)
一般式(S3):-C(RS1)(RS2)(ORS3)
なかでも、RxS1~RxS3は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、RxS1~RxS3は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状のアルキル基がより好ましい。
RxS1~RxS3のうち、2つが結合して、単環又は多環を形成してもよい。
RxS1~RxS3のアルキル基としては、tert-ブチル基、tert-ペプチル基、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、及びイソブチル基等の炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
RxS1~RxS3のうち、2つが結合して形成される環としては、シクロアルキル基が好ましい。RxS1~RxS3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基若しくはシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、若しくはアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
RxS1~RxS3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、フッ素原子以外の酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又はカルボニル基等のフッ素原子以外のヘテロ原子を有する基で置換されていてもよい。
なお、上記アルキル基、及び上記シクロアルキル基には、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基が含まれていてもよい。例えば、上記アルキル基、及び上記シクロアルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つ以上が、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置換されていてもよい。
また、RS3は、繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基と互いに結合して、環を形成してもよい。
酸の作用により脱離する脱離基としては、上述した、一般式(S1)~(S3)で表される基が挙げられる。
なかでも、Ra1は、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基を表すことが好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、置換基を有する直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基であってもよく、無置換の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基であってもよい。上記アルキル基が有する置換基としては、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は酸素原子等のヘテロ原子を含むアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、上記アルキル基としては、無置換の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、2~8が更に好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Ra1で表されるアルキル基は、tert-ブチル基、又はtert-ヘプチル基が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基は、置換基を有するシクロアルキル基であってもよく、無置換のシクロアルキル基であってもよい。なかでも、置換基を有するシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基が有する置換基としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、及び置換基を有していてもよいアリール基が挙げられる。
なかでも、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基が好ましく、メチル基、又はエチル基がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は、4~25が好ましく、4~20がより好ましく、4~15が更に好ましい。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Ra1で表されるシクロアルキル基は、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、及びアダマンタン基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、メチルシクロペンチル基、エチルシクロペンチル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、エチルシクロヘキシル基、メチルアダマンチル基、又はエチルアダマンタン基がより好ましい。
Ra2で表される置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基としては、例えば、上述したRa1で表される置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。
Ra3で表される置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基としては、上述したRa1で表される置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基と同義である。
Ra2及びRa3が互いに結合して形成される環は、単環又は多環であってもよい。なかでも、単環が好ましい。
Ra2及びRa3が互いに結合して形成される単環としては、例えば、炭素数3~6のシクロアルカンが挙げられる。より具体的には、例えば、シクロプロパン環、シクロブタン環、シクロペンタン環、及びシクロへキサン環が挙げられる。上記環中の炭素原子の一部は、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子によって置換されていてもよい。
Ra4は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基を表す。
脱離基としては、例えば、上述した、一般式(S1)~(S3)で表される基が挙げられる。
Ra5及びRa6は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表す。
Ra5及びRa6は、互いに結合して、単環(例えば、脂肪族炭化水素環)又は多環を形成してもよい。
Ra7及びRa8は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表す。
脱離基としては、例えば、上述した、一般式(S1)~(S3)で表される基が挙げられる。
特定化合物は、有機アニオンを含むことが好ましい。
有機アニオンとしては、1又は2価以上の有機アニオンであってもよい。なかでも、有機アニオンは、1~3価が好ましい。
有機アニオンとは、求核反応を起こす能力が著しく低いアニオンが好ましく、具体的には非求核性アニオンが挙げられる。
上記アルキル基は、例えば、フルオロアルキル基(パーフルオロアルキル基でもよい)でもよい。
なかでも、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基が好ましい。
また、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミドアニオンにおけるアルキル基は、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。これにより、酸強度が増加する。
oは、1~3の整数を表す。pは、0~10の整数を表す。qは、0~10の整数を表す。
Xfは、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はCF3であることがより好ましい。特に、双方のXfがフッ素原子であることが更に好ましい。
R4及びR5で表されるアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、炭素数1~4が好ましい。R4及びR5は、好ましくは水素原子である。
少なくとも一つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基の具体例及び好適な態様は一般式(AN1)中のXfの具体例及び好適な態様と同じである。
2価の連結基としては、例えば、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。なかでも、-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CO-、-O-、-SO2-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-アルキレン基-O-CO-O-、-COO-アルキレン基-、-OCO-アルキレン基-、-CONH-アルキレン基-、又は、-NHCO-アルキレン基-が好ましく、-O-CO-O-、-O-CO-O-アルキレン基-、-アルキレン基-O-CO-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-SO2-、-COO-アルキレン基-、又は、-OCO-アルキレン基-がより好ましい。
環状の有機基としては、例えば、脂環基、アリール基、及び、複素環基が挙げられる。
脂環基は、単環であってもよく、多環であってもよい。単環の脂環基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及び、シクロオクチル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。多環の脂環基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。なかでも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の炭素数7以上の嵩高い構造を有する脂環基が好ましい。
複素環基は、単環であってもよく、多環であってもよい。多環の方がより酸の拡散を抑制可能である。また、複素環基は、芳香族性を有していてもよいし、芳香族性を有していなくてもよい。芳香族性を有している複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、及び、ピリジン環が挙げられる。芳香族性を有していない複素環としては、例えば、テトラヒドロピラン環、ラクトン環、スルトン環、及び、デカヒドロイソキノリン環が挙げられる。複素環基における複素環としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピリジン環、又は、デカヒドロイソキノリン環が特に好ましい。
XB1及びXB2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は、フッ素原子を有さない1価の有機基を表す。XB1及びXB2は、水素原子であることが好ましい。
XB3及びXB4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は、1価の有機基を表す。XB3及びXB4の少なくとも一方がフッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する1価の有機基であることが好ましく、XB3及びXB4の両方がフッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する1価の有機基であることがより好ましい。XB3及びXB4の両方が、フッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基であることが更に好ましい。
L、q及びWは、一般式(AN1)と同様である。
上記電子求引性基ではない置換基としては、炭化水素基、水酸基、オキシ炭化水素基、オキシカルボニル炭化水素基、アミノ基、炭化水素置換アミノ基、及び、炭化水素置換アミド基等が挙げられる。
また、電子求引性基ではない置換基としては、それぞれ独立に、-R’、-OH、-OR’、-OCOR’、-NH2、-NR’2、-NHR’、又は、-NHCOR’が好ましい。R’は、1価の炭化水素基である。
なかでも、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基(好ましくはシクロアルキル基)又は水素原子が好ましい。
連結基Sは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-CO-O-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、及び、*A-SO2-*Bからなる群から選択される基である。
ただし、Lが、「1つ以上の連結基Sと1つ以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基との組み合わせからなる2価の連結基」の一形態である、「1つ以上の連結基Sと1つ以上の置換基を有さないアルキレン基との組み合わせからなる2価の連結基」である場合、連結基Sは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、及び、*A-SO2-*Bからなる群から選択される基であるのが好ましい。言い換えると、「1つ以上の連結基Sと1つ以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基との組み合わせからなる2価の連結基」における、アルキレン基が、いずれも無置換アルキレン基である場合、連結基Sは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、及び、*A-SO2-*Bからなる群から選択される基であるのが好ましい。
*Aは、一般式(AN4)におけるR3側の結合位置を表し、*Bは、一般式(AN4)における-SO3 -側の結合位置を表す。
なお、連結基S同士が連続して結合してもよい。ただし、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、及び、*A-O-*Bからなる群から選択される基が連続して結合して「*A-O-CO-O-*B」が形成されないことが好ましい。また、*A-CO-*B及び*A-O-*Bからなる群から選択される基が連続して結合して「*A-O-CO-*B」及び「*A-CO-O-*B」のいずれも形成されないことが好ましい。
この場合も、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、及び、*A-O-*Bからなる群から選択される基が連続して結合して「*A-O-CO-O-*B」が形成されないことが好ましい。また、*A-CO-*B及び*A-O-*Bからなる群から選択される基が連続して結合して「*A-O-CO-*B」及び「*A-CO-O-*B」のいずれも形成されないことが好ましい。
なお、上記β位の原子が炭素原子である場合、上記炭素原子にはフッ素原子が直接置換していなければよく、上記炭素原子はフッ素原子を有する置換基(例えば、トリフルオロメチル基等のフルオロアルキル基)を有していてもよい。
また、上記β位の原子とは、言い換えると、一般式(AN4)における-C(R1)(R2)-と直接結合するL中の原子である。
つまり、Lは、1つの連結基Sと1つ以上の置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基との組み合わせからなる2価の連結基、又は、1つの連結基Sからなる2価の連結基を表すのが好ましい。
*a-(CR2a 2)X-Q-(CR2b 2)Y-*b (AN4-2)
*bは、一般式(AN4)における-C(R1)(R2)-との結合位置を表す。
X及びYは、それぞれ独立に、0~10の整数を表し、0~3の整数が好ましい。
R2a及びR2bは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
R2a及びR2bがそれぞれ複数存在する場合、複数存在するR2a及びR2bは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい、
ただし、Yが1以上の場合、一般式(AN4)における-C(R1)(R2)-と直接結合するCR2b 2におけるR2bは、フッ素原子以外である。
Qは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-CO-O-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、又は、*A-SO2-*Bを表す。
ただし、一般式(AN4-2)中のX+Yが1以上かつ、一般式(AN4-2)中のR2a及びR2bのいずれもが全て水素原子である場合、Qは、*A-O-CO-O-*B、*A-CO-*B、*A-O-CO-*B、*A-O-*B、*A-S-*B、又は、*A-SO2-*Bを表す。
*Aは、一般式(AN4)におけるR3側の結合位置を表し、*Bは、一般式(AN4)における-SO3 -側の結合位置を表す。
上記有機基は、炭素原子を1以上有していれば制限はなく、直鎖状の基(例えば、直鎖状のアルキル基)でも、分岐鎖状の基(例えば、t-ブチル基等の分岐鎖状のアルキル基)でもよく、環状構造を有していてもよい。上記有機基は、置換基を有していても有していなくてもよい。上記有機基は、ヘテロ原子(酸素原子、硫黄原子、及び/又は、窒素原子等)を有していても有してなくてもよい。
上記環状構造を有する有機基は、例えば、ヘテロ原子(酸素原子、硫黄原子、及び/又は、窒素原子等)を有していても有してなくてもよい。ヘテロ原子は、環状構造を形成する炭素原子の1つ以上と置換していてもよい。
上記環状構造を有する有機基は、環状構造の炭化水素基、ラクトン環基、又は、スルトン環基が好ましい。なかでも、上記環状構造を有する有機基は、環状構造の炭化水素基が好ましい。
上記環状構造の炭化水素基は、単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。これらの基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
上記シクロアルキル基は、単環(シクロヘキシル基等)でも多環(アダマンチル基等)でもよく、炭素数は5~12が好ましい。
上記ラクトン基及びスルトン基としては、例えば、後述の一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)で表される構造、及び、一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)で表される構造のいずれかにおいて、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を構成する環員原子から、水素原子を1つ除いてなる基が好ましい。
Arは、アリール基(フェニル基等)を表し、スルホン酸アニオン及び-(D-B)基以外の置換基を更に有していてもよい。更に有してもよい置換基としては、フッ素原子及び水酸基等が挙げられる。
ジスルホンアミドアニオンは、例えば、N-(SO2-Rq)2で表されるアニオンが挙げられる。
Rqは置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基を表し、フルオロアルキル基が好ましく、パーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましい。2個のRqは互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2個のRqが互いに結合して形成される基は、置換基を有していてもよいアルキレン基が好ましく、フルオロアルキレン基がより好ましく、パーフルオロアルキレン基が更に好ましい。上記アルキレン基の炭素数は2~4が好ましい。
上記アニオンとして下記式(d1-1)~(d1-3)で表されるアニオンを有する特定化合物は、後述する酸拡散制御剤としての機能を持つこともできる。
一般式(d1-2)中、Z2cは置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基(ただし、Sに隣接する炭素原子にはフッ素原子が置換されない)を表す。
Z2cにおける上記炭化水素基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよく、環状構造を有していてもよい。また、上記炭化水素基における炭素原子(好ましくは、上記炭化水素基が環状構造を有する場合における、環員原子である炭素原子)は、カルボニル炭素(-CO-)であってもよい。上記炭化水素基としては、例えば、置換基を有していてもよいノルボルニル基を有する基が挙げられる。上記ノルボルニル基を形成する炭素原子は、カルボニル炭素であってもよい。
また、一般式(d1-2)中の「Z2c-SO3 -」は、上述の式(AN1)~(AN5)で表されるアニオンとは異なるのが好ましい。例えば、Z2cは、アリール基以外が好ましい。また、例えば、Z2cにおける、-SO3 -に対してα位及びβ位の原子は、置換基としてフッ素原子を有する炭素原子以外の原子が好ましい。例えば、Z2cは、-SO3 -に対してα位の原子及び/又はβ位の原子は環状基中の環員原子であるのが好ましい。
一般式(d1-3)中、R52は有機基(好ましくはフッ素原子を有する炭化水素基)を表し、Y3は直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは、環状のアルキレン基、アリーレン基、又は、カルボニル基を表し、Rfは炭化水素基を表す。
特定化合物が有する有機アニオンの数は特に制限されないが、特定化合物が有する一般式(1)で表されるカチオンの数が1つの場合、有機アニオンの数は1つが好ましい。
特定化合物としては、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、一般式(2)で表される化合物が好ましい。一般式(2)で表される化合物は、一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを1つと、有機アニオンを1つとを有する塩化合物に該当する。
一般式(2) Z1 +Y1 -
一般式(2)中、Z1 +は、上記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを表す。一般式(1)で表されるカチオンの定義は、上述した通りである。
Y1 -は、1価の有機アニオンを表す。1価の有機アニオンとしては、上述した有機アニオンのうち1価のものを意図する。
特定化合物(一般式(2)で表される化合物)としては、一般式(S-1)で表される化合物が好ましい。
一般式(T-1)中、*は結合位置を表す。
一般式(T-1) *-S-Xd2
Xd2で表される各基の定義は、上述した通りである。
上記アルキル基及び上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、炭素数1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。
上記置換基としては、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよい直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基がより好ましい。
なお、Rb1およびRb2、Rb2およびRb3、Rb1およびRb3は、それぞれ互いに結合して、単結合を形成してもよいし、2価の連結基(例えば、-O-)を形成してもよい。
b1は0~4の整数を表し、b2は0~5の整数を表し、b3は0~5の整数を表す。
a1とb1との合計は1~5の整数を表し、a2とb2との合計は0~5の整数を表し、a3とb3との合計は0~5の整数を表す。
なかでも、a1~a3は、それぞれ独立に、1~3の整数を表すことが好ましく、それぞれ独立に、1~2の整数を表すことがより好ましい。
また、a1とa2とa3との合計は、1~5の整数が好ましく、1~3の整数がより好ましい。
b1~b3は、それぞれ独立に、0~3の整数を表すことが好ましく、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数を表すことがより好ましい。
また、b1とb2とb3との合計は、0~5の整数が好ましく、0~3の整数がより好ましい。
カチオン部位とは、正電荷を帯びた原子又は原子団を含む構造部位である。上述したように、化合物Wにおいては、2つ以上のカチオン部位の少なくとも1つは特定カチオンである。なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、化合物Wに含まれる2つ以上のカチオン部位の全てが、特定カチオンであることが好ましい。
なお、化合物Wにおいては、2つ以上のカチオン部位の少なくとも1つは特定カチオンであればよく、特定カチオン以外の有機カチオンが含まれていてもよい。特定カチオン以外の有機カチオンとしては、例えば、特定カチオン以外のスルホニウムカチオン、及び、ヨードニウムイオンが挙げられる。
化合物Wは、化合物Wが有するカチオン部位と同数のアニオン性官能基を有する有機アニオンを有するのが好ましい。
上述の通り、化合物Wは、2つ以上(好ましくは2~3つ)のカチオン部位、及び、上記カチオン部位と同数のアニオン部位を有する。
つまり、化合物Wは、2つ以上(好ましくは2~3つ)のアニオン部位(好ましくはアニオン性官能基)を有する。複数のアニオン性官能基は、単結合又は連結基で連結されていてもよい。
アニオン性官能基の具体例としては、後述する一般式(B-1)~(B-13)で表される基が好ましい。
なお、一般式(B-12)における*は、-CO-及び-SO2-のいずれでもない基に対する結合位置であるのも好ましい。
RX1としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、又は置換基を有していてもよいアリール基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、フッ素原子、又はシアノ基が好ましい。上記アルキル基が置換基としてフッ素原子を有する場合、パーフルオロアルキル基であってもよい。
また、上記アルキル基は、炭素原子がカルボニル基で置換されていてもよい。
上記アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、フッ素原子、パーフルオロアルキル基(炭素数1~10が好ましく、炭素数1~6がより好ましい。)、又はシアノ基が好ましい。
なお、一般式(B-3)におけるRX1は、フッ素原子を含まないことが好ましい。
RX2で表されるフッ素原子及びパーフルオロアルキル基以外の置換基としては、パーフルオロアルキル基以外のアルキル基(直鎖状、分岐鎖状、又は環状のいずれでもよい)が好ましい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基はフッ素原子を有さないのが好ましい。すなわち、上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合、フッ素原子以外の置換基が好ましい。
RXF1で表されるパーフルオロアルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~6が更に好ましい。
RXF2で表されるパーフルオロアルキル基の炭素数は1~15が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~6が更に好ましい。
アニオン部位AB -(アニオン性官能基AB -)は、一般式(BX-1)~(BX-4)のいずれかで表される基である。
一般式(BX-1)~(BX-4)中、RBは、有機基を表す。
RBにおける有機基の例としては、一般式(B-1)~(B-5)、及び(B-12)におけるRX1の有機基の例が同様に挙げられる。
アニオン部位AA -(アニオン性官能基AA -)は、一般式(AX-1)~(AX-2)のいずれかで表される基である。
一般式(AX-2)中、RAは、有機基を表す。
RAは、アルキル基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、フッ素原子が好ましい。
置換基としてフッ素原子を有する上記アルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基となっていてもよいし、ならなくてもよい。
一般式(1)で表されるカチオンの定義は、上述した通りである。一般式(1)で表されるカチオン以外のカチオンは特に制限されず、公知のスルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
複数のZ+のうち少なくとも1つのZ+が特定カチオンであればよく、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、2以上のZ+が特定カチオンであることが好ましく、全てのZ+が特定カチオンであることがより好ましい。
複数存在するY2 -は、例えば、「一般式(B-8)又は(B-10)で表される基と、一般式(B-1)~(B-7)、(B-9)、又は(B-11)~(B-13)で表される基」を少なくとも有していてもよく、「一般式(B-7)で表される基と、一般式(B-6)で表される基」を少なくとも有していてもよく、「一般式(BX-1)~(BX-4)のいずれかで表される基と、一般式(AX-1)~(AX-2)のいずれかで表される基」を少なくとも有していてもよい。
例えば、qが2の場合、Lは2価の連結基を表す。
上記2価の連結基としては、例えば、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6。直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及びこれらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
これらの2価の連結基は、更に、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、及び、-NRN-(RNは水素原子又は置換基)からなる群から選択される基を有するのも好ましい。
3価以上の連結基としては、例えば、単結合及び/又は上記2価の連結基がとり得る各基と、-CRq<、-N<、>C<、3価以上の炭化水素環基、及び/又は、3価以上の複素環基とが組み合わせられた基が挙げられる。Rqは水素原子又は置換基を表す。
以下において、化合物(I-A)について説明する。
化合物(I-A):下記構造部位Xと下記構造部位Yとを各々1つずつ有する化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、下記構造部位Xに由来する下記第1の酸性部位と下記構造部位Yに由来する下記第2の酸性部位とを含む酸を発生する化合物
構造部位X:アニオン部位A1 -とカチオン部位M1 +とからなり、かつ活性光線又は放射線の照射によってHA1で表される第1の酸性部位を形成する構造部位
構造部位Y:アニオン部位A2 -とカチオン部位M2 +とからなり、かつ活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、上記構造部位Xにて形成される上記第1の酸性部位とは異なる構造のHA2で表される第2の酸性部位を形成する構造部位
ただし、カチオン部位M1 +及びカチオン部位M2 +の少なくとも1つは特定カチオンである。
条件I:上記化合物(I-A)において上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +及び上記構造部位Y中の上記カチオン部位M2 +をH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIが、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a1と、上記構造部位Y中の上記カチオン部位M2 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA2で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a2を有し、かつ上記酸解離定数a1よりも上記の酸解離定数a2の方が大きい。
なお、酸解離定数a1及び酸解離定数a2は、上述した方法により求められる。化合物PIの酸解離定数a1及び酸解離定数a2とは、より具体的に説明すると、化合物PIの酸解離定数を求めた場合において、化合物PI(化合物PIは、「HA1とHA2を有する化合物」に該当する。)が「A1 -とHA2を有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a1であり、上記「A1 -とHA2を有する化合物」が「A1 -とA2 -を有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a2である。
また、上記化合物PIとは、化合物(I-A)に活性光線又は放射線を照射することにより発生する酸に該当する。
M11 + A11 --L1-A12 - M12 + (Ia)
M11 +及びM12 +の少なくとも一方(好ましくは両方)が、特定カチオンである。
A11 -及びA12 -は、それぞれ独立に、アニオン性官能基を表す。ただし、A12 -は、A11 -で表されるアニオン性官能基とは異なる構造を表す。
L1は、2価の連結基を表す。
ただし、上記一般式(Ia)において、M11 +及びM12 +で表される特定カチオンをH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIa(HA11-L1-A12H)において、A12Hで表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a2は、HA11で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a1よりも大きい。なお、酸解離定数a1と酸解離定数a2の好適値については、上述した通りである。
M11 +及びM12 +の少なくとも一方(好ましくは両方)が、特定カチオンである。
特定カチオンについては上述の通りである。
特定カチオン以外の有機カチオンについては上述の通りである。
アニオン性官能基については上述の通りである。
A11 -及びA12 -のアニオン性官能基は、それぞれ独立に、上述した一般式(B-1)~(B-13)で表される基が好ましい。
A11 -及びA12 -で表されるアニオン性官能基の組み合わせとしては特に制限されないが、例えば、A11 -が一般式(B-8)又は(B-10)で表される基である場合、A12 -で表されるアニオン性官能基としては、一般式(B-1)~(B-7)、(B-9)、又は(B-11)~(B-13)で表される基が挙げられ、A11 -が一般式(B-7)で表される基である場合、A12 -で表されるアニオン性官能基としては、一般式(B-6)で表される基が挙げられる。
これらの2価の連結基は、更に、-S-、-SO-、及び-SO2-からなる群から選択される基を含んでいてもよい。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、上記アルケニレン基、上記2価の脂肪族複素環基、2価の芳香族複素環基、及び2価の芳香族炭化水素環基は、置換基で置換されていてもよい。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(好ましくはフッ素原子)が挙げられる。
M1 + A--L-B- M2 + (Ib)
M1 +及びM2 +のうち少なくとも一方(好ましくは両方)は特定カチオンを表す。
特定カチオンについては上述の通りである。
特定カチオン以外の有機カチオンについても上述の通りである。
上記2価の有機基としては、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6。直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及びこれらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
これらの2価の連結基は、更に、-S-、-SO-、及び-SO2-からなる群から選択される基を有するのも好ましい。
*A-LA-LB-LC-LD-LE-*B (L)
一般式(L)中、*Bは、一般式(Ib)におけるB-との結合位置を表す。
上記XAは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10の整数が好ましく、1~3の整数がより好ましい。
RLA1及びRLA2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
RLA1及びRLA2の置換基としては、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又はフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
XAが2以上の場合、XA個存在するRLA1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XAが2以上の場合、XA個存在するRLA2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は-CF2-が好ましい。
なかでも、一般式(Ib)中のA-と直接結合する-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は-CF2-が好ましい。
一般式(Ib)中のA-と直接結合する-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-以外の-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、それぞれ独立に、-CH2-、-CHF-、又は-CF2-が好ましい。
上記アルキレン基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキレン基の炭素数は、1~5が好ましく、1~2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基の炭素数は、3~15が好ましく、5~10がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基は単環でも多環でもよい。
上記シクロアルキレン基としては、例えば、ノルボルナンジイル基、及びアダマンタンジイル基が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基が有してもよい置換基としては、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~5)が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
LCが、「-アルキレン基-シクロアルキレン基-」の場合、アルキレン基部分は、LB側に存在するのが好ましい。
LBが単結合の場合、LCは、単結合又はシクロアルキレン基が好ましい。
上記-(C(RLE1)(RLE2))XE-におけるXEは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
RLE1及びRLE2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
XEが2以上の場合、XE個存在するRLE1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XEが2以上の場合、XE個存在するRLE2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
なかでも、-(C(RLE1)(RLE2))-は、-CH2-又は-CF2-が好ましい。
一般式(L)中、LB、LC、及びLDが単結合の場合、LEも単結合であるのが好ましい。
アニオン性官能基については上述の通りである。
なかでも、A-は、一般式(AX-1)~(AX-2)のいずれかで表される基であるのが好ましい。
B-は、一般式(BX-1)~(BX-4)のいずれかで表される基を表すのが好ましい。
A-及びB-は、それぞれ異なる構造であるのが好ましい。
なかでも、A-が、一般式(AX-1)で表される基であり、かつ、B-が、一般式(BX-1)~(BX-4)のいずれかで表される基であるか、又は、A-が、一般式(AX-2)で表される基であり、かつ、B-が、一般式(BX-1)、一般式(BX-3)、及び一般式(BX-4)のいずれかで表される基であるのが好ましい。
より具体的には、HA-L-BHで表される化合物について酸解離定数を求めた場合において、「HA-L-BH」が「A--L-BH」となる際のpKaを「HAで表される基のpKa」とし、更に、「A--L-BH」が「A--L-B-」となる際のpKaを「BHで表される基のpKa」とする。
「HAで表される基のpKa」及び「BHで表される基のpKa」は、それぞれ、「ソフトウェアパッケージ1」又は「Gaussian16」を用いて求める。
例えば、HAで表される基のpKaは、上述の酸解離定数a1に相当し、好ましい範囲も同様である。
BHで表される基のpKaは、上述の酸解離定数a2に相当し、好ましい範囲も同様である。
HBで表される基のpKaとHAで表される基のpKaとの差(「HBで表される基のpKa」-「HAで表される基のpKa」)は、上述の酸解離定数a1と上記酸解離定数a2との差に相当し、好ましい範囲も同様である。
化合物(II-A):上記構造部位Xを2つ以上と上記構造部位Yとを有する化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つ以上と上記構造部位Yに由来する上記第2の酸性部位とを含む酸を発生する化合物
ただし、カチオン部位M1 +及びカチオン部位M2 +の少なくとも1つは特定カチオンである。
条件II:上記化合物(II-A)において上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +及び上記構造部位Y中のカチオン部位M2 +をH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIIが、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a1と、上記構造部位Y中の上記カチオン部位M2 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA2で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a2を有し、かつ上記酸解離定数a1よりも上記酸解離定数a2の方が大きい。
酸解離定数a1及び酸解離定数a2は、上述した方法により求められる。
ここで、化合物PIIの酸解離定数a1及び酸解離定数a2について、より具体的に説明する。化合物(II-A)が、例えば、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つと、上記構造部位Yに由来する上記第2の酸性部位を1つ有する酸を発生する化合物である場合、化合物PIIは「2つのHA1と1つのHA2を有する化合物」に該当する。この化合物PIIの酸解離定数を求める場合、化合物PIIが「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a1であり、「2つのA1 -と1つのHA2とを有する化合物」が「2つのA1 -と1つのA2 -を有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a2である。つまり、化合物PIIが、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数を複数有する場合、その最も小さい値を酸解離定数a1とみなす。
なお、化合物(II-A)は、上記構造部位Yを複数有していてもよい。
M21 +及びM22 +の少なくとも一方(好ましくは両方)は特定カチオンを表す。
A21 -及びA22 -は、それぞれ独立に、アニオン性官能基を表す。ただし、A22 -は、A21 -で表されるアニオン性官能基とは異なる構造を表す。
L2は、(n1+n2)価の有機基を表す。
n1は、2以上の整数を表す
n2は、1以上の整数を表す。
ただし、上記下記一般式(IIa)において、M21 +及びM22 +で表されるカチオンをH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIIa(上記一般式(IIa-1)で表される化合物に該当する。)において、A22Hで表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a2は、HA21で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数a1よりも大きい。なお、酸解離定数a1と酸解離定数a2の好適値については、上述した通りである。
上記一般式(IIa)中、n1個のM21 +同士、n1個のA21 +同士は、各々互いに同一の基を表す。
上記複素環基は、芳香族複素環基であっても、脂肪族複素環基であってもよい。上記複素環は、少なくとも1つのN原子、O原子、S原子、又はSe原子を環構造内に有する5~10員環であることが好ましく、5~7員環がより好ましく、5~6員環が更に好ましい。
L21及びL22で表される2価の連結基としては、上記一般式(Ia)中のL1で表される2価の連結基と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
n1は、2以上の整数を表す。上限は特に制限されないが、例えば、6以下の整数であり、4以下の整数が好ましく、3以下の整数がより好ましい。
n2は、1以上の整数を表す。上限は特に制限されないが、例えば、3以下の整数であり、2以下の整数が好ましい。
次に、化合物(III-A)について説明する。
化合物(III-A):上記構造部位Xを2つ以上と、下記構造部位Zとを有する化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射によって、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つ以上と上記構造部位Zとを含む酸を発生する化合物
構造部位Z:酸を中和可能な非イオン性の有機部位
ただし、カチオン部位M1 +の少なくとも1つは特定カチオンである。
プロトンと静電的に相互作用し得る基又は電子を有する官能基としては、環状ポリエーテル等のマクロサイクリック構造を有する官能基、又はπ共役に寄与しない非共有電子対を持った窒素原子を有する官能基等が挙げられる。π共役に寄与しない非共有電子対を有する窒素原子とは、例えば、下記式に示す部分構造を有する窒素原子である。
なお、化合物PIIIが、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数を複数有する場合、その最も小さい値を酸解離定数a1とみなす。
つまり、化合物(III-A)が、例えば、上記構造部位Xに由来する上記第1の酸性部位を2つと上記構造部位Zとを有する酸を発生する化合物である場合、化合物PIIIは「2つのHA1を有する化合物」に該当する。この化合物PIIIの酸解離定数を求めた場合、化合物PIIIが「1つのA1 -と1つのHA1とを有する化合物」となる際のpKaが酸解離定数a1である。つまり、化合物PIIIが、上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなるHA1で表される酸性部位に由来する酸解離定数を複数有する場合、その最も小さい値を酸解離定数a1とみなす。
なお、上記化合物(III-A)において上記構造部位X中の上記カチオン部位M1 +をH+に置き換えてなる化合物PIIIとは、例えば、化合物(III-A)が後述する化合物(IIIa)で表される化合物である場合、HA31-L3-N(R2X)-L4-A31Hが該当する。
A31 -は、アニオン性官能基を表す。
L3及びL4は、それぞれ独立に、2価の連結基を表す。
R2Xは、1価の有機基を表す。
上記一般式(IIIa)中、L3及びL4は、各々上述した一般式(Ia)中のL1と同義であり、好適態様も同じである。
上記一般式(IIIa)中、2個のM31 +同士、及び2個のA31 -同士は、各々互いに同一の基を表す。
また、上記アルキレン基、上記シクロアルキレン基、及び上記アルケニレン基は、置換基で置換されていてもよい。
なお、固形分とは、組成物中の溶剤を除いた成分を意図し、溶剤以外の成分であれば液状成分であっても固形分とみなす。
また、特定化合物は、1種で使用してもよいし、複数併用してもよい。
つまり、本発明のパターン形成方法において、典型的には、現像液としてアルカリ現像液を採用した場合には、ポジ型パターンが好適に形成され、現像液として有機系現像液を採用した場合には、ネガ型パターンが好適に形成される。
樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解し極性が増大する基(以下、「酸分解性基」ともいう。)を有する繰り返し単位を含む。
特定繰り返し単位が有する特定カチオンの定義は、上述した通りである。
特定繰り返し単位の構造は特に制限されないが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、一般式(U)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
LU1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。2価の連結基としては、例えば、-O-、-OC-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-S-、-N-、CS-、-SO-、―SO2-、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及びアリーレン基等)、及びこれらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられる。
Y2 -は、アニオン性官能基を表す。アニオン性官能基の定義は、上述した通りである。
Z2 +は特定カチオンを表す。Z2 +の定義は、上述した一般式(3)中のZ2 +と同義である。
酸分解性基とは、酸の作用により分解して極性基を生じる基をいう。酸分解性基は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造を有することが好ましい。つまり、樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解し、極性基を生じる基を有する繰り返し単位を有する。この繰り返し単位を有する樹脂は、酸の作用により極性が増大してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する。
なかでも、極性基としては、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)、又は、スルホン酸基が好ましい。
一般式(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
一般式(Y2):-C(=O)OC(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
一般式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
一般式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
なかでも、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表すことが好ましく、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状のアルキル基を表すことがより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環を形成してもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及び、t-ブチル基等の炭素数1~5のアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びにノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及び、アントリル基等が挙げられる。
Rx1~Rx3のアルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成される環としては、シクロアルキル基が好ましい。Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、若しくは、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又は、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、若しくは、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基、又は、ビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
一般式(Y1)又は(Y2)で表される基は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
なお、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、上記アリール基、及び、上記アラルキル基には、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基が含まれていてもよい。例えば、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、上記アリール基、及び、上記アラルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つ以上が、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子及び/又はカルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
また、R38は、繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基と互いに結合して、環を形成してもよい。R38と繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基とが互いに結合して形成する基は、メチレン基等のアルキレン基が好ましい。
Mは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Qは、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基(例えば、アルキル基とシクロアルキル基とを組み合わせた基)を表す。
アルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
なお、L1及びL2のうち一方は水素原子であり、他方はアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又は、アルキレン基とアリール基とを組み合わせた基であることが好ましい。
Q、M、及び、L1の少なくとも2つが結合して環(好ましくは、5員環若しくは6員環)を形成してもよい。
パターンの微細化の点では、L2が2級又は3級アルキル基であることが好ましく、3級アルキル基であることがより好ましい。2級アルキル基としては、イソプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基又はノルボルニル基が挙げられ、3級アルキル基としては、tert-ブチル基又はアダマンタン基が挙げられる。これらの態様では、Tg(ガラス転移温度)及び活性化エネルギーが高くなるため、膜強度の担保に加え、かぶりの抑制ができる。
L1は、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい2価の連結基を表す。フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい2価の連結基としては、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基等)、及び、これらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられる。なかでも、L1としては、-CO-、又は、-アリーレン基-フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有するアルキレン基-が好ましい。
アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基が好ましい。
アルキレン基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキレン基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有するアルキレン基に含まれるフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の合計数は特に制限されないが、2以上が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、3~6が更に好ましい。
アルキル基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有するアルキル基に含まれるフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の合計数は特に制限されないが、1以上が好ましく、1~5がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、ハロゲン原子以外の酸素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい。
なかでも、脱離基としては、一般式(Z1)~(Z4)で表される基が挙げられる。
一般式(Z1):-C(Rx11)(Rx12)(Rx13)
一般式(Z2):-C(=O)OC(Rx11)(Rx12)(Rx13)
一般式(Z3):-C(R136)(R137)(OR138)
一般式(Z4):-C(Rn1)(H)(Ar1)
Rx11~Rx13は、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい点以外は、上述した(Y1)、(Y2)中のRx1~Rx3と同じであり、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、及び、アリール基の定義及び好適範囲と同じである。
なお、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、上記アリール基、及び、上記アラルキル基には、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子以外に、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子が含まれていてもよい。つまり、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、上記アリール基、及び、上記アラルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
また、R138は、繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基と互いに結合して、環を形成してもよい。この場合、R138と繰り返し単位の主鎖が有する別の置換基とが互いに結合して形成する基は、メチレン基等のアルキレン基が好ましい。
M1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Q1は、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるヘテロ原子を有していてもよいアルキル基;フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるヘテロ原子を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基;フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるアリール基;アミノ基;アンモニウム基;メルカプト基;シアノ基;アルデヒド基;又はこれらを組み合わせた基(例えば、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるヘテロ原子を有していてもよいアルキル基と、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選択されるヘテロ原子を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基と、を組み合わせた基)を表す。
Xa1は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基を表す。
Tは、単結合、又は、2価の連結基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基(直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状)、シクロアルキル基(単環若しくは多環)、アルケニル基(直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状)、又は、アリール(単環若しくは多環)基を表す。ただし、Rx1~Rx3の全てがアルキル基(直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状)である場合、Rx1~Rx3のうち少なくとも2つはメチル基であることが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環(単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基等)を形成してもよい。
Tは、単結合又は-COO-Rt-基が好ましい。Tが-COO-Rt-基を表す場合、Rtは、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基が好ましく、-CH2-基、-(CH2)2-基、又は、-(CH2)3-基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又は、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及び、アントリル基等が挙げられる。
Rx1~Rx3のアルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、その他にも、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基、又は、ビニリデン基で置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基は、シクロアルカン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
一般式(AI)で表される繰り返し単位は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
不飽和結合を含む酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、一般式(B)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
Xbは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基を表す。
Lは、単結合、又は置換基を有してもよい2価の連結基を表す。
Ry1~Ry3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状、分岐鎖状のアルキル基、単環状、多環状のシクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、単環若しくは多環のアリール基を表す。ただし、Ry1~Ry3のうち少なくとも1つはアルケニル基、アルキニル基、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルケニル基、又は、単環若しくは多環のアリール基を表す。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環(単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基等)を形成してもよい。
Lとしては、-Rt-基、-CO-基、-COO-Rt-CO-基、又は、-Rt-CO-基が好ましい。Rtは、例えば、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基等の置換基を有していてもよい。芳香族基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又はノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のアリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基等が挙げられる。
Ry1~Ry3のアルケニル基としては、ビニル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のアルキニル基としては、エチニル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3のシクロアルケニル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基の一部に二重結合を含む構造が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及びシクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、その他にも、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Ry1~Ry3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基、又はシクロアルケニル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、カルボニル基、-SO2-基、-SO3-基等のヘテロ原子を有する基、又はビニリデン基、又はそれらの組み合わせで置き換わっていてもよい。また、これらのシクロアルキル基、又はシクロアルケニル基は、シクロアルカン環、又はシクロアルケン環を構成するエチレン基の1つ以上が、ビニレン基で置き換わっていてもよい。
一般式(B)で表される繰り返し単位は、例えば、Ry1がメチル基、エチル基、ビニル基、アリル基、又はアリール基であり、Ry2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基、又はシクロアルケニル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
例えば、樹脂(A)は、以下のA群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位、及び/又は以下のB群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。
A群:以下の(20)~(29)の繰り返し単位からなる群。
(20)後述する、酸基を有する繰り返し単位
(21)後述する、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位
(22)後述する、ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位
(23)後述する、光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位
(24)後述する、一般式(V-1)又は下記一般式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位
(25)後述する、式(A)で表される繰り返し単位
(26)後述する、式(B)で表される繰り返し単位
(27)後述する、式(C)で表される繰り返し単位
(28)後述する、式(D)で表される繰り返し単位
(29)後述する、式(E)で表される繰り返し単位
B群:以下の(30)~(32)の繰り返し単位からなる群。
(30)後述する、ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及び、アルカリ可溶性基から選択される少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位
(31)後述する、脂環炭化水素構造を有し、酸分解性を示さない繰り返し単位
(32)後述する、水酸基及びシアノ基のいずれも有さない、一般式(III)で表される繰り返し単位
また、組成物がEUV用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。樹脂(A)がフッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の両方を含む場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の両方を含む1つの繰り返し単位を有していてもよいし、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子を有する繰り返し単位とヨウ素原子を含む繰り返し単位との2種を含んでいてもよい。
また、組成物がEUV用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)が、芳香族基を有する繰り返し単位を有するのも好ましい。
本発明の組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は上記B群からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
なお、本発明の組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、フッ素原子及び珪素原子のいずれも含まないことが好ましい。
また、組成物がArF用の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、樹脂(A)は、芳香族基を有さないことが好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、酸基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
酸基としては、pKaが13以下の酸基が好ましい。上記酸基の酸解離定数は、上記のように、13以下が好ましく、3~13がより好ましく、5~10が更に好ましい。
酸基としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)、スルホン酸基、スルホンアミド基、又は、イソプロパノール基が好ましい。
樹脂(A)が、pKaが13以下の酸基を有する場合、樹脂(A)中における酸基の含有量は特に制限されないが、0.2~6.0mmol/gの場合が多い。なかでも、0.8~6.0mmol/gが好ましく、1.2~5.0mmol/gがより好ましく、1.6~4.0mmol/gが更に好ましい。酸基の含有量が上記範囲内であれば、現像が良好に進行し、形成されるパターン形状に優れ、解像性にも優れる。
酸基を有する繰り返し単位は、上述の酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造を有する繰り返し単位、及び、後述するラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位とは異なる繰り返し単位であるのが好ましい。
フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有していてもよい1価の有機基としては、-L4-R8で表される基が好ましい。L4は、単結合、又は、エステル基を表す。R8は、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアリール基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基を表す。
L3は、(n+m+1)価の芳香族炭化水素環基、又は、(n+m+1)価の脂環炭化水素環基を表す。芳香族炭化水素環基としては、ベンゼン環基、及び、ナフタレン環基が挙げられる。脂環炭化水素環基としては、単環であっても、多環であってもよく、例えば、シクロアルキル環基が挙げられる。
R6は、水酸基、又は、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくは、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)を表す。なお、R6が水酸基の場合、L3は(n+m+1)価の芳香族炭化水素環基であることが好ましい。
R7は、ハロゲン原子を表す。ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又は、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
mは、1以上の整数を表す。mは、1~3の整数が好ましく、1~2の整数が好ましい。
nは、0又は1以上の整数を表す。nは、1~4の整数が好ましい。
なお、(n+m+1)は、2~5の整数が好ましい。
R41、R42及びR43は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又はアルコキシカルボニル基を表す。ただし、R42はAr4と結合して環を形成していてもよく、その場合のR42は単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
X4は、単結合、-COO-、又は、-CONR64-を表し、R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。
L4は、単結合又はアルキレン基を表す。
Ar4は、(n+1)価の芳香環基を表し、R42と結合して環を形成する場合には(n+2)価の芳香環基を表す。
nは、1~5の整数を表す。
一般式(I)におけるR41、R42、及び、R43のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及び、ヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
一般式(I)におけるR41、R42、及び、R43のアルコキシカルボニル基に含まれるアルキル基としては、上記R41、R42、R43におけるアルキル基と同様のものが好ましい。
(n+1)価の芳香環基は、更に置換基を有していてもよい。
X4により表される-CONR64-(R64は、水素原子又はアルキル基を表す)におけるR64のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、及び、ドデシル基等の炭素数20以下のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素数8以下のアルキル基が好ましい。炭素数の下限は、1以上が好ましい。
X4としては、単結合、-COO-、又は、-CONH-が好ましく、単結合、又は、-COO-がより好ましい。
Ar4としては、炭素数6~18の芳香環基が好ましく、ベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、又は、ビフェニレン環基がより好ましい。
一般式(I)で表される繰り返し単位は、ヒドロキシスチレン構造を備えていることが好ましい。即ち、Ar4は、ベンゼン環基であることが好ましい。
Aは水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は、シアノ基を表す。
Rは、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルケニル基、アラルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、アルキルスルホニルオキシ基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基又はアリールオキシカルボニル基を表し、Rが複数個ある場合には同じであっても異なっていてもよい。複数のRを有する場合には、互いに共同して環を形成していてもよい。Rとしては水素原子が好ましい。
aは1~3の整数を表す。
bは0~(5-a)の整数を表す。
樹脂(A)は、上述した<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>とは別に、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。また、ここでいう<フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位>は、後述の<ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位>、及び、<光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位>等の、A群に属する他の種類の繰り返し単位とは異なるのが好ましい。
R9は、水素原子、又は、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基を表す。
R10は、水素原子、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、フッ素原子若しくはヨウ素原子を有していてもよいアリール基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基を表す。
なお、上述したように、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位には、<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>は含まれないことから、上記フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位の含有量も、<酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位>及び<酸基を有する繰り返し単位>を除いたフッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位の含有量を意図する。
なお、フッ素原子及びヨウ素原子の少なくとも一方を含む繰り返し単位としては、例えば、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有し、かつ、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有し、かつ、酸基を有する繰り返し単位、及び、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基、スルトン基、及び、カーボネート基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する繰り返し単位(以下、総称して「ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位」ともいう。)を有していてもよい。
ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位は、ヘキサフルオロプロパノール基等の酸基を有さないのも好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造、又は、下記一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造の環員原子から、水素原子を1つ以上引き抜いてなるラクトン基又はスルトン基を有する繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
また、ラクトン基又はスルトン基が主鎖に直接結合していてもよい。例えば、ラクトン基又はスルトン基の環員原子が、樹脂(A)の主鎖を構成してもよい。
Rb0のアルキル基が有していてもよい好ましい置換基としては、水酸基、及び、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
Rb0のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及び、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。Rb0は、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Abは、単結合、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、又は、これらを組み合わせた2価の基を表す。なかでも、単結合、又は、-Ab1-CO2-で表される連結基が好ましい。Ab1は、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、又は、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキレン基であり、メチレン基、エチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、アダマンチレン基、又は、ノルボルニレン基が好ましい。
Vは、一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-21)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造の環員原子から水素原子を1つ引き抜いてなる基、又は、一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)のいずれかで表されるスルトン構造の環員原子から水素原子を1つ引き抜いてなる基を表す。
環状炭酸エステル基を有する繰り返し単位としては、下記一般式(A-1)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
nは0以上の整数を表す。
RA 2は、置換基を表す。nが2以上の場合、複数存在するRA 2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。上記2価の連結基としては、アルキレン基、単環又は多環の脂環炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、又は、これらを組み合わせた2価の基が好ましい。
Zは、式中の-O-CO-O-で表される基と共に単環又は多環を形成する原子団を表す。
樹脂(A)は、上記以外の繰り返し単位として、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する基(以下、「光酸発生基」ともいう。)を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
この場合、この光酸発生基を有する繰り返し単位が、後述する活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(以下、「光酸発生剤」ともいう。)にあたると考えることができる。
このような繰り返し単位としては、例えば、下記一般式(4)で表される繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(V-1)、又は、下記一般式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
下記一般式(V-1)、及び、下記一般式(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位は上述の繰り返し単位とは異なる繰り返し単位であるのが好ましい。
R6及びR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アシロキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン原子、エステル基(-OCOR又は-COOR:Rは炭素数1~6のアルキル基又はフッ素化アルキル基)、又は、カルボキシル基を表す。アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状又は環状のアルキル基が好ましい。
n3は、0~6の整数を表す。
n4は、0~4の整数を表す。
X4は、メチレン基、酸素原子、又は、硫黄原子である。
一般式(V-1)又は(V-2)で表される繰り返し単位を以下に例示する。
樹脂(A)は、発生酸の過剰な拡散又は現像時のパターン崩壊を抑制できる観点から、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が高い方が好ましい。Tgは、90℃より大きいことが好ましく、100℃より大きいことがより好ましく、110℃より大きいことが更に好ましく、125℃より大きいことが特に好ましい。なお、過度な高Tg化は現像液への溶解速度低下を招くため、Tgは400℃以下が好ましく、350℃以下がより好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、樹脂(A)等のポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)は、以下の方法で算出する。まず、ポリマー中に含まれる各繰り返し単位のみからなるホモポリマーのTgを、Bicerano法によりそれぞれ算出する。以後、算出されたTgを、「繰り返し単位のTg」という。次に、ポリマー中の全繰り返し単位に対する、各繰り返し単位の質量割合(%)を算出する。次に、Foxの式(Materials Letters 62(2008)3152等に記載)を用いて各質量割合におけるTgを算出して、それらを総和して、ポリマーのTg(℃)とする。
Bicerano法はPrediction of polymer properties, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York(1993)等に記載されている。またBicerano法によるTgの算出は、ポリマーの物性概算ソフトウェアMDL Polymer(MDL Information Systems, Inc.)を用いて行うことができる。
(a)主鎖への嵩高い置換基の導入
(b)主鎖への複数の置換基の導入
(c)主鎖近傍への樹脂(A)間の相互作用を誘発する置換基の導入
(d)環状構造での主鎖形成
(e)主鎖への環状構造の連結
なお、樹脂(A)は、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位を有することが好ましい。
なお、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位の種類は特に制限されず、Bicerano法により算出されるホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上である繰り返し単位であればよい。なお、後述する式(A)~式(E)で表される繰り返し単位中の官能基の種類によっては、ホモポリマーのTgが130℃以上を示す繰り返し単位に該当する。
上記(a)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(A)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(A)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号公報の段落[0107]~[0119]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(b)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(B)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
また、有機基の少なくとも1つが、繰り返し単位中の主鎖に直接環構造が連結している基である場合、他の有機基の種類は特に制限されない。
また、有機基のいずれも繰り返し単位中の主鎖に直接環構造が連結している基ではない場合、有機基の少なくとも2つ以上は、水素原子を除く構成原子の数が3つ以上である置換基である。
式(B)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号公報の段落[0113]~[0115]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(c)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(C)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(C)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号公報の段落[0119]~[0121]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(d)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(D)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
式(D)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号公報の段落[0126]~[0127]に記載のものが挙げられる。
上記(e)の具体的な達成手段の一例としては、樹脂(A)に式(E)で表される繰り返し単位を導入する方法が挙げられる。
「cylic」は、主鎖の炭素原子を含む環状基である。環状基に含まれる原子数は特に制限されない。
式(E)で表される繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2018/193954号公報の段落[0131]~[0133]に記載のものが挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、ラクトン基、スルトン基、カーボネート基、水酸基、シアノ基、及び、アルカリ可溶性基から選択される少なくとも1種類の基を有する繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
樹脂(A)が有するラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位としては、上述した<ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位>で説明した繰り返し単位が挙げられる。好ましい含有量も上述した<ラクトン基、スルトン基、又は、カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位>で説明した通りである。
水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位は、水酸基又はシアノ基で置換された脂環炭化水素構造を有する繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。
水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位は、酸分解性基を有さないことが好ましい。水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位としては、国際公開第2020/004306号公報の段落[0153]~[0158]に記載のものが挙げられる。
アルカリ可溶性基としては、カルボキシル基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、ビスルスルホニルイミド基、α位が電子求引性基で置換された脂肪族アルコール(例えば、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基)が挙げられ、カルボキシル基が好ましい。樹脂(A)がアルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位を含むことにより、コンタクトホール用途での解像性が増す。
アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸による繰り返し単位のような樹脂の主鎖に直接アルカリ可溶性基が結合している繰り返し単位、又は、連結基を介して樹脂の主鎖にアルカリ可溶性基が結合している繰り返し単位が挙げられる。なお、連結基は、単環又は多環の環状炭化水素構造を有していてもよい。
アルカリ可溶性基を有する繰り返し単位としては、アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸による繰り返し単位が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、脂環炭化水素構造を有し、酸分解性を示さない繰り返し単位を有してもよい。これにより液浸露光時にレジスト膜から液浸液への低分子成分の溶出が低減できる。このような繰り返し単位として、例えば、1-アダマンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジアマンチル(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカニル(メタ)アクリレート、又は、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート由来の繰り返し単位等が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、水酸基及びシアノ基のいずれも有さない、一般式(III)で表される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
Raは水素原子、アルキル基又は-CH2-O-Ra2基を表す。式中、Ra2は、水素原子、アルキル基又はアシル基を表す。
一般式(III)中の各基の詳細な定義、及び、繰り返し単位の具体例としては、国際公開第2020/004306号公報の段落[0169]~[0173]に記載のものが挙げられる。
更に、樹脂(A)は、上述した繰り返し単位以外の繰り返し単位を有してもよい。
例えば樹脂(A)は、オキサチアン環基を有する繰り返し単位、オキサゾロン環基を有する繰り返し単位、ジオキサン環基を有する繰り返し単位、及び、ヒダントイン環基を有する繰り返し単位からなる群から選択される繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
このような繰り返し単位を以下に例示する。
GPC法によりポリスチレン換算値として、樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量は、1000~200000が好ましく、3,000~20000がより好ましく、5,000~15000が更に好ましい。樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量を、1000~200000とすることにより、耐熱性及びドライエッチング耐性の劣化をより一層抑制できる。また、現像性の劣化、及び、粘度が高くなって製膜性が劣化することもより一層抑制できる。
樹脂(A)の分散度(分子量分布)は、通常1~5であり、1~3が好ましく、1.20~3.00がより好ましく、1.20~2.00が更に好ましい。分散度が小さいものほど、解像度、及び、レジスト形状がより優れ、更に、レジストパターンの側壁がよりスムーズであり、ラフネス性にもより優れる。
なお、固形分とは、組成物中の溶剤を除いた成分を意図し、溶剤以外の成分であれば液状成分であっても固形分とみなす。
また、樹脂(A)は、1種で使用してもよいし、複数併用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、特定化合物には該当しないその他の光酸発生剤(特定化合物に該当しない、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物)を含んでいてもよい。その他の光酸発生剤は、露光(好ましくはEUV光及び/又はArFの露光)により酸を発生する化合物である。
その他の光酸発生剤は、低分子化合物の形態であってもよく、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態であってもよい。また、低分子化合物の形態と重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態を併用してもよい。
その他の光酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量は3000以下が好ましく、2000以下がより好ましく、1000以下が更に好ましい。下限は、50以上が好ましい。
その他の光酸発生剤が、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、樹脂(A)の一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
本発明において、光酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態であるのが好ましい。
その他の光酸発生剤は特に限定されず、なかでも、有機酸を発生する化合物が好ましく、
上記有機酸としては、特定化合物が発生し得る有機酸として説明した有機酸が同様に挙げられる。
「M+ Y-」で表される化合物において、Y-は、1価の有機アニオンを表す。
「M+ Y-」におけるY-としては、上述した特定化合物に含まれる有機アニオンのうちの1価の有機アニオンが挙げられる。
「M+ Y-」で表される化合物において、M+は、1価の有機カチオンを表す。
上記1価の有機カチオンは、それぞれ独立に、一般式(ZaI)で表されるカチオン(カチオン(ZaI))又は一般式(ZaII)で表されるカチオン(カチオン(ZaII))が好ましい。
ただし、一般式(ZaI)で表されるカチオンは、特定化合物(一般式(1)~(3)で表される化合物)におけるカチオン(Y-以外の部分)とは異なる。
R201、R202、及びR203は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202、及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、通常1~30であり、1~20が好ましい。また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)、及び-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンは、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基であり、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基であってもよい。
また、R201~R203のうちの1つがアリール基であり、R201~R203のうちの残りの2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又はカルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203のうちの2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、1つ以上のメチレン基が酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、及び/又はカルボニル基で置換されていてもよいアルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基、又は-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-)が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンとしては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、アリールジアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、及びアリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンが必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖状アルキル基、炭素数3~15の分岐鎖状のアルキル基、又は、炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、又はシクロヘキシル基がより好ましい。
上記置換基は可能な場合は更に置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、上記アルキル基が置換基としてハロゲン原子を有して、トリフルオロメチル基等のハロゲン化アルキル基となっていてもよい。
上記置換基は任意の組み合わせにより、酸分解性基を形成することも好ましい。酸分解性基とは、酸の作用により分解して極性基を生じる基であり、酸分解性基は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造を有することが好ましい。極性基、脱離基、及び、酸分解性基の例示としては、上述した特定化合物で例示したものが挙げられる。
光酸発生剤は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、溶剤を含んでいてもよい。
溶剤は、(M1)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、並びに、(M2)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸エステル、酢酸エステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸エステル、鎖状ケトン、環状ケトン、ラクトン、及び、アルキレンカーボネートからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの少なくとも一方を含んでいるのが好ましい。なお、この溶剤は、成分(M1)及び(M2)以外の成分を更に含んでいてもよい。
成分(M1)及び成分(M2)の詳細は、国際公開第2020/004306号公報の段落[0218]~[0226]に記載される。
なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。
レジスト組成物は、酸拡散制御剤を更に含んでいてもよい。酸拡散制御剤は、光酸発生剤から生じた酸をトラップするクエンチャーとして作用し、レジスト膜中における酸の拡散現象を制御する役割を果たす。
酸拡散制御剤は、例えば、塩基性化合物が挙げられる。
塩基性化合物は、下記一般式(A)~(E)で示される構造を有する化合物が好ましい。
R203、R204、R205及びR206は、同一でも異なってもよく、炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
これら一般式(A)及び(E)中のアルキル基は、無置換が好ましい。
また、レジスト組成物が式(d1-1)~(d1-3)のいずれかで表されるアニオンを有する特定化合物及び/又は式(d1-1)~(d1-3)のいずれかで表されるアニオンを有するその他の光酸発生剤(以下、これらを総称して「d1系光酸発生剤」ともいう。)を含む場合、d1系光酸発生剤にも酸拡散制御剤としての役割を持たせることもできる。レジスト組成物がd1系光酸発生剤を含む場合、レジスト組成物が酸拡散制御剤を実質的に含まないのも好ましい。ここで酸拡散制御剤を実質的に含まないとは、酸拡散制御剤の含有量が、d1系光酸発生剤の合計含有量に対して5質量%以下であることを意図する。
また、レジスト組成物がd1系光酸発生剤と酸拡散制御剤との両方を含む場合、その合計含有量は、1~30質量%が好ましく、3~20質量%がより好ましい。
レジスト組成物は、上記樹脂(A)とは別に、樹脂(A)とは異なる疎水性樹脂を含んでいてもよい。
疎水性樹脂はレジスト膜の表面に偏在するように設計されるのが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性物質及び非極性物質の均一な混合に寄与しなくてもよい。
疎水性樹脂の添加による効果として、水に対するレジスト膜表面の静的及び動的な接触角の制御、並びに、アウトガスの抑制等が挙げられる。
疎水性樹脂としては、国際公開第2020/004306号公報の段落[0275]~[0279]に記載される化合物が挙げられる。
レジスト組成物は、界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。
界面活性剤を含む場合、密着性により優れ、現像欠陥のより少ないパターンを形成できる。
界面活性剤は、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤が好ましい。
界面活性剤としては、国際公開第2020/004306号公報の段落[0281]~[0282]に記載される化合物が挙げられる。
レジスト組成物は、溶解阻止化合物、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、及び/又は現像液に対する溶解性を促進させる化合物(例えば、分子量1000以下のフェノール化合物、又はカルボン酸基を有する脂環族若しくは脂肪族化合物)を更に含んでいてもよい。
EUV光は波長13.5nmであり、ArF(波長193nm)光等に比べて、より短波長であるため、同じ感度で露光された際の入射フォトン数が少ない。そのため、確率的にフォトンの数がばらつく“フォトンショットノイズ”の影響が大きく、LERの悪化およびブリッジ欠陥を招く。フォトンショットノイズを減らすには、露光量を大きくして入射フォトン数を増やす方法があるが、高感度化の要求とトレードオフとなる。
式(1):A=([H]×0.04+[C]×1.0+[N]×2.1+[O]×3.6+[F]×5.6+[S]×1.5+[I]×39.5)/([H]×1+[C]×12+[N]×14+[O]×16+[F]×19+[S]×32+[I]×127)
A値は0.120以上が好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、A値が大きすぎる場合、レジスト膜のEUV光及び電子線透過率が低下し、レジスト膜中の光学像プロファイルが劣化し、結果として良好なパターン形状が得られにくくなるため、0.240以下が好ましく、0.220以下がより好ましい。
例えば、レジスト組成物が酸の作用により極性が増大する樹脂(酸分解性樹脂)、光酸発生剤、酸拡散制御剤、及び溶剤を含む場合、上記樹脂、上記光酸発生剤、及び上記酸拡散制御剤が固形分に該当する。つまり、全固形分の全原子とは、上記樹脂由来の全原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の全原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の全原子の合計に該当する。例えば、[H]は、全固形分の全原子に対する、全固形分由来の水素原子のモル比率を表し、上記例に基づいて説明すると、[H]は、上記樹脂由来の全原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の全原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の全原子の合計に対する、上記樹脂由来の水素原子、上記光酸発生剤由来の水素原子、及び、上記酸拡散制御剤由来の水素原子の合計のモル比率を表すことになる。
上記レジスト組成物を用いたパターン形成方法の手順は特に制限されないが、以下の工程を有するのが好ましい。
工程1:レジスト組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程
工程2:レジスト膜を露光する工程
工程3:現像液を用いて、露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程
以下、上記それぞれの工程の手順について詳述する。
工程1は、レジスト組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程である。
レジスト組成物の定義は、上述の通りである。
なお、塗布前にレジスト組成物を必要に応じてフィルター濾過することが好ましい。フィルターのポアサイズは、0.1μm以下が好ましく、0.05μm以下がより好ましく、0.03μm以下が更に好ましい。また、フィルターは、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、又はナイロン製が好ましい。
レジスト組成物の塗布後、基板を乾燥し、レジスト膜を形成してもよい。なお、必要により、レジスト膜の下層に、各種下地膜(無機膜、有機膜、及び反射防止膜)を形成してもよい。
トップコート組成物は、レジスト膜と混合せず、更にレジスト膜上層に均一に塗布できるのが好ましい。
トップコートは、特に限定されず、従来公知のトップコートを、従来公知の方法によって形成でき、例えば、特開2014-059543号公報の段落[0072]~[0082]の記載に基づいてトップコートを形成できる。
例えば、特開2013-61648号公報に記載されたような塩基性化合物を含むトップコートを、レジスト膜上に形成するのが好ましい。トップコートが含み得る塩基性化合物の具体的な例は、レジスト組成物が含んでいてもよい塩基性化合物が挙げられる。
また、トップコートは、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、水酸基、チオール基、カルボニル結合、及び、エステル結合からなる群から選択される基又は結合を少なくとも一つ含む化合物を含むのも好ましい。
工程2は、レジスト膜を露光する工程である。
露光の方法としては、例えば、形成したレジスト膜に所定のマスクを通してEUV光を照射する方法が挙げられる。
加熱温度は80~150℃が好ましく、80~140℃がより好ましく、80~130℃が更に好ましい。
加熱時間は10~1000秒が好ましく、10~180秒がより好ましく、30~120秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は通常の露光機及び/又は現像機に備わっている手段で実施でき、ホットプレート等を用いて行ってもよい。
この工程は露光後ベークともいう。
工程3は、現像液を用いて、露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程である。
現像液は、アルカリ現像液であっても、有機溶剤を含有する現像液(以下、「有機系現像液」ともいう。)であってもよい。
また、現像を行う工程の後に、他の溶剤に置換しながら、現像を停止する工程を実施してもよい。
現像時間は未露光部の樹脂が十分に溶解する時間であれば特に制限はなく、10~300秒が好ましく、20~120秒がより好ましい。
現像液の温度は0~50℃が好ましく、15~35℃がより好ましい。
上記パターン形成方法は、工程3の後に、リンス液を用いて洗浄する工程を含むのが好ましい。
リンス液には、界面活性剤を適当量添加してもよい。
炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、及びエーテル系溶剤の例としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液において説明したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
また、本発明のパターン形成方法は、リンス工程の後に加熱工程(Post Bake)を含んでいてもよい。本工程により、ベークによりパターン間及びパターン内部に残留した現像液及びリンス液が除去される。また、本工程により、レジストパターンがなまされ、パターンの表面荒れが改善される効果もある。リンス工程の後の加熱工程は、通常40~250℃(好ましくは90~200℃)で、通常10秒間~3分間(好ましくは30秒間~120秒間)行う。
基板(又は、下層膜及び基板)の加工方法は特に限定されないが、工程3で形成されたパターンをマスクとして、基板(又は、下層膜及び基板)に対してドライエッチングを行うことにより、基板にパターンを形成する方法が好ましい。
ドライエッチングは、1段のエッチングであっても、複数段からなるエッチングであってもよい。エッチングが複数段からなるエッチングである場合、各段のエッチングは同一の処理であっても異なる処理であってもよい。
エッチングは、公知の方法をいずれも使用でき、各種条件等は、基板の種類又は用途等に応じて、適宜、決定される。例えば、国際光工学会紀要(Proc.of SPIE)Vol.6924,692420(2008)、特開2009-267112号公報等に準じて、エッチングを実施できる。また、「半導体プロセス教本 第4版 2007年刊行 発行人:SEMIジャパン」の「第4章 エッチング」に記載の方法に準ずることもできる。
なかでも、ドライエッチングは、酸素プラズマエッチングが好ましい。
薬液配管としては、例えば、SUS(ステンレス鋼)、又は、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、若しくは、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)で被膜された各種配管を使用できる。フィルター及びO-リングに関しても同様に、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、又は、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)を使用できる。
形成されるパターンがトレンチ(溝)パターン状又はコンタクトホールパターン状である場合、パターン高さをトレンチ幅又はホール径で割った値で求められるアスペクト比が、4.0以下が好ましく、3.5以下がより好ましく、3.0以下が更に好ましい。
特定化合物の製造方法は特に制限されないが、塩基性化合物の存在下、一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物と、一般式(5)で表される化合物とを反応させて、特定化合物を製造する工程を有する製造方法が好ましい。
以下では、まず、上記製造方法で使用される材料について詳述し、その後、製造方法の手順について詳述する。
特定化合物の製造方法において、一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を用いる。
Rd3は、ハロゲン原子を表す。
Rd3で表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Rd3は、フッ素原子が好ましい。
一般式(4-1) Zp +Y1 -
一般式(4-1)中、Zp +は、一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを表す。
Y1 -は、1価の有機アニオンを表す。1価の有機アニオンとしては、上述した有機アニオンのうち1価のものを意図する。
一般式(4-2)中、Zp +はカチオンを表し、Zp +の少なくとも1つが一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを表す。一般式(4)で表されるカチオン以外のカチオンは特に制限されず、公知のスルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
Y2 -は、アニオン性官能基を表す。アニオン性官能基の定義は、上述した通りである。
Lは、q価の連結基を表す。qは2以上の整数を表す。L及びqの定義は、一般式(3)中のL及びqの定義と同じである。
RU11~RU13は、一般式(S-1)中のRb1~Rb3と同義である。
特定化合物の製造方法において、一般式(5)で表される化合物を用いる。
式(1-1) *-Ld2-Rd2
式(1-1)中、Ld2は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Rd2は、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基を表す。*は、結合位置を表す。
特定化合物の製造方法において、塩基性化合物を用いる。
塩基性化合物としては、有機化合物又は無機化合物であってもよい。
塩基性化合物としては、例えば、1~4級アミン化合物、金属塩、及び、アルコシキ金属化合物等の有機金属化合物が挙げられる。また、塩基性化合物としては、酸拡散制御剤としての塩基性化合物を用いることもできる。なかでも、塩基性化合物は、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩又は水酸化物が好ましい。
特定化合物の製造方法において、溶剤を用いてもよい。
溶剤としては、使用する材料を溶解させる溶剤であれば特に制限されない。溶剤としては、上述したレジスト組成物が含む溶剤も使用できる。
溶剤としては、有機溶剤又は水系溶剤であってもよい。
なかでも、溶剤Aとしては、メタノール、及びエタノール等のアルコール系溶剤が好ましく、メタノール、又はエタノールがより好ましい。
製造方法の手順は、塩基性化合物の存在下、一般式(4)で表される化合物と一般式(5)で表される化合物とを反応させることができれば、特に制限されない。
例えば、塩基性化合物の存在している反応系に、一般式(4)で表される化合物と一般式(5)で表される化合物とを添加して、反応させてもよい。
一般式(5)で表される化合物の使用量に対する、塩基性化合物の使用量の比(塩基性化合物の使用量/一般式(5)で表される化合物の使用量)は特に制限されず、特定化合物の収率が優れる点で、5.0~1.0が好ましく、3.0~1.0がより好ましい。
反応時間は、特に制限されないが、1分間~24時間が好ましく、10分間~1時間がより好ましい。
本発明の電子デバイスは、電気電子機器(家電、OA(Office Automation)、メディア関連機器、光学用機器、及び通信機器等)に、好適に搭載されるものである。
以下に、実施例又は比較例で用いたレジスト組成物が含む成分及び製造の手順を示す。
(合成例1:化合物B-1合成)
化合物B-1を下記スキームに従い合成した。
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ(CDCl3) ppm:1.46(9H、s)、3.62(3H、s)
Imazeki, Shigeaki; Sumino, Motoshige; Fukasawa, Kazuhito; Ishihara, Masami; Akiyama, Takahiko [Synthesis, 2004, # 10, p. 1648 - 1654
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ(CDCl3) ppm:1.40-2.05(24H、m)、3.72(2H、s)、4.80(2H、t)、4.41(2H、brt)、4.53(2H、td)、7.1―7.83(14H、m)。
Imazeki, Shigeaki; Sumino, Motoshige; Fukasawa, Kazuhito; Ishihara, Masami; Akiyama, Takahiko [Synthesis, 2004, # 10, p. 1648 - 1654.
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ(CDCl3) ppm:1.46(27H、s)、3.68(6H、s)、7.52(6H,d)、7.76(6H,d)。
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ(CDCl3) ppm:1.43(27H、s)、3.72(6H、s)、7.48(6H,d)、7.80(6H,d)。
1H-NMR、400MHz、δ(CDCl3) ppm:1.43(81H、s)、3.69(18H、s)、6.91(2H,d)、7.49(18H,d)、7.55(18H,d)、7.86(2H,d)。
(合成例1:樹脂A-1の合成)
樹脂A-1を下記スキームに従い合成した。
なお、樹脂A-1~A-30の重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、樹脂の組成比(モル%比)は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
以下に、酸拡散制御剤C-1~C-9を示す。
表2に従って疎水性樹脂(E-1~E-11)、及びトップコート用樹脂(PT-1~PT-3)は合成した。
また、疎水性樹脂(E-1~E-11)及びトップコート用樹脂(PT-1~PT-3)における繰り返し単位のモル比率、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)を表2に示す。
なお、疎水性樹脂E-1~E-11、又はトップコート用樹脂PT-1~PT-3の重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、樹脂の組成比(モル%比)は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
(ArF露光試験用のレジスト組成物の調製(Re-1~Re-16))
表3に示した各成分を固形分濃度が4質量%となるように混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を、最初に孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、次に孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、最後に孔径5nmのポリエチレン製フィルターの順番で濾過することにより、レジスト組成物を調製した。なお、レジスト組成物において、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。得られたレジスト組成物を、実施例及び比較例で使用した。
なお、表3において、各成分の含有量(質量%)は、全固形分に対する含有量を意味する。
表4に示した各成分を固形分濃度が2質量%となるように混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を、最初に孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、次に孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、最後に孔径5nmのポリエチレン製フィルターの順番で濾過することにより、レジスト組成物を調製した。なお、レジスト組成物において、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。得られたレジスト組成物を、実施例及び比較例で使用した。
レジスト組成物が界面活性剤を含む場合、下記界面活性剤を使用した。
H-1:メガファックF176(DIC(株)製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
H-2:メガファックR08(DIC(株)製、フッ素及びシリコン系界面活性剤)
H-3:PF656(OMNOVA社製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
レジスト組成物が含む溶剤を下記に示す。
F-1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
F-2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
F-3:プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)
F-4:シクロヘキサノン
F-5:シクロペンタノン
F-6:2-ヘプタノン
F-7:乳酸エチル
F-8:γ-ブチロラクトン
F-9:プロピレンカーボネート
以下に、表5に示すトップコート組成物に含まれる各種成分を示す。
<樹脂>
表5に示される樹脂としては、表2に示した樹脂PT-1~PT-3を用いた。
表5に示した各成分を固形分濃度が3質量%となるように混合して、次いで、得られた混合液を、最初に孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、次に孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、最後に孔径5nmのポリエチレン製フィルターの順番で濾過することにより、トップコート組成物を調製した。なお、ここでいう固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。得られたトップコート組成物を、実施例で使用した。
表5に示される界面活性剤としては、上記界面活性剤H-3を用いた。
表5に示される溶剤を以下に示す。
FT-1:4-メチル-2-ペンタノール(MIBC)
FT-2:n-デカン
FT-3:ジイソアミルエーテル
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜形成用組成物ARC29SR(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚98nmの反射防止膜を形成した。その上に、表3に示すレジスト組成物(レジスト組成物の組成については表3及び4を参照。)を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚90nmのレジスト膜(感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜)を形成した。なお、実施例1-5、実施例1-6、及び実施例1-12については、レジスト膜の上層にトップコート膜を形成した。トップコート膜の膜厚は、いずれにおいても100nmとした。
レジスト膜に対して、ArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、Dipole、アウターシグマ0.950、インナーシグマ0.850、Y 偏光)を用いて、線幅45nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの6%ハーフトーンマスクを介して露光した。液浸液は、超純水を使用した。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、酢酸n-ブチルで30秒間現像し、次いで4-メチル-2-ペンタノールで30秒間リンスした。その後、これをスピン乾燥してネガ型のパターンを得た。
上記線幅45nmのパターンを形成後、その後、UVision5(AMAT社製)で、シリコンウエハ上における欠陥分布を検出し、SEMVisionG4(AMAT社製)を用いて、欠陥の形状を観察した。シリコンウエハ1枚当たりの欠陥数を数えて、以下の評価基準に従って、評価した。欠陥数が少ないほど良好な結果を示す。評価結果を下記表6に示す。
「A」:欠陥数が100個以下
「B」:欠陥数が100個超300個以下
「C」:欠陥数が300個超500個以下
「D」:欠陥数が500個超
ライン幅が平均45nmのラインパターンを解像する時の最適露光量にて解像した45nm(1:1)のラインアンドスペースのパターンに対して、測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380II))を使用してパターン上部から観察する際、線幅を任意のポイントで観測し、その測定ばらつきを3σで評価した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。なお、LWR(nm)は、2.8nm以下が好ましく、2.5nm以下がより好ましく、2.3nm以下が更に好ましく、2.0nm以下が特に好ましい。評価結果を下記表6に示す。
表6中、「酸分解性基種類」は、「Xd2」欄が「A」である態様において、酸分解性基が一般式(a-1)~一般式(a-5)で表される基のいずかに該当するかを表す。なお、「(a-1)/(a-1)」の表記は、特定化合物が2種使用されている場合に、その特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基がいずれの基に該当するかを示す。
表6中、「数」欄は、特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基又は酸の作用により脱離する脱離基の数を表す。
なかでも、実施例1-3、1-4、1-7、1-8と他の実施例との比較より、酸分解性基が一般式(a-1)で表される基である場合、より優れた効果が得られることが確認された。
また、実施例1-7と他の実施例との比較より、Xd1が表す原子が硫黄原子の場合、より優れた効果が得られることが確認された。
また、実施例1-6、1-10、及び、1-14との比較より、酸分解性基の数及び酸の作用により脱離する脱離基の数が2以上の場合、より優れた効果が得られることが確認された。
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜形成用組成物ARC29SR(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚98nmの反射防止膜を形成した。その上に、表6に示す樹脂組成物(樹脂組成物の組成については表3を参照。)を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚90nmのレジスト膜を形成した。なお、実施例2-5及び実施例2-6については、レジスト膜の上層にトップコート膜を形成した。トップコート膜の膜厚は、いずれにおいても100nmとした。
レジスト膜に対して、ArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、Dipole、アウターシグマ0.950、インナーシグマ0.890、Y偏向)を用いて、線幅45nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの6%ハーフトーンマスクを介して露光した。液浸液は、超純水を使用した。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド水溶液(2.38質量%)で30秒間現像し、次いで純水で30秒間リンスした。その後、これをスピン乾燥してポジ型のパターンを得た。
得られたポジ型のパターンに対して、上述した〔パターン形成(1):ArF液浸露光、有機溶剤現像〕で実施した<欠陥評価>及び<LWR評価>と同様の評価をした。評価結果を下記表7に示す。
表7中、「酸分解性基種類」は、「Xd2」欄が「A」である態様において、酸分解性基が一般式(a-1)~一般式(a-5)で表される基のいずかに該当するかを表す。なお、「(a-1)/(a-1)」の表記は、特定化合物が2種使用されている場合に、その特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基がいずれの基に該当するかを示す。
表7中、「数」欄は、特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基又は酸の作用により脱離する脱離基の数を表す。
また、〔パターン形成(1):ArF液浸露光、有機溶剤現像〕の結果と同様の傾向が確認された。
シリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下地膜を形成した。その上に、表8に示す樹脂組成物(樹脂組成物の組成については表4を参照。)を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対してパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=20nmであり、かつライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、酢酸n-ブチルで30秒間現像し、これをスピン乾燥してネガ型のパターンを得た。
上記線幅20nmのパターンを形成後、その後、UVision5(AMAT社製)で、シリコンウエハ上における欠陥分布を検出し、SEMVisionG4(AMAT社製)を用いて、欠陥の形状を観察した。シリコンウエハ1枚当たりの欠陥数を数えて、以下の評価基準に従って、評価した。欠陥数が少ないほど良好な結果を示す。評価結果を下記表8示す。
「A」:欠陥数が100個以下
「B」:欠陥数が100個超300個以下
「C」:欠陥数が300個超500個以下
「D」:欠陥数が500個超
ライン幅が平均20nmのラインパターンを解像する時の最適露光量にて解像した20nm(1:1)のラインアンドスペースのパターンに対して、測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380II))を使用してパターン上部から観察する際、線幅を任意のポイントで観測し、その測定ばらつきを3σで評価した。値が小さいほど良好な性能であることを示す。なお、LWR(nm)は、4.2nm以下が好ましく、3.8nm以下がより好ましく、3.5nm以下が更に好ましく、3.2nm以下が特に好ましく、3.0nm以下が最も好ましく、2.9nm以下が特に最も好ましい。評価結果を下記表8に示す。
表8中、「酸分解性基種類」は、「Xd2」欄が「A」である態様において、酸分解性基が一般式(a-1)~一般式(a-5)で表される基のいずかに該当するかを表す。なお、「(a-1)/(a-1)」の表記は、特定化合物が2種使用されている場合に、その特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基がいずれの基に該当するかを示す。
表8中、「数」欄は、特定化合物に含まれる酸分解性基又は酸の作用により脱離する脱離基の数を表す。
実施例3-7、3-14と他の実施例との比較から、一般式(1)中、Xd1が硫黄原子である場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
実施例3-3、3-7、3-8、及び3-12との比較から、一般式(1)中、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基が、一般式(a-1)で表される基である場合、より効果が優れることが確認された。
上記表8の結果より、酸分解性基の数及び酸の作用により脱離する脱離基の数が2以上の場合、より優れた効果が得られることが確認された。
シリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下地膜を形成した。その上に、表9(樹脂組成物の組成については表4を参照。)に示す樹脂組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対してパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=20nmであり、かつライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド水溶液(2.38質量%)で30秒間現像し、次いで純水で30秒間リンスした。その後、これをスピン乾燥してポジ型のパターンを得た。
得られたポジ型のパターンに対して、上述した〔パターン形成(3):EUV露光、有機溶剤現像〕で実施した<欠陥評価>及び<LWR評価>と同様の評価をした。評価結果を下記表9に示す。
また、〔パターン形成(3):EUV露光、有機溶剤現像〕の結果と同様の傾向が確認された。
Claims (14)
- 酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基を有する繰り返し単位を有する樹脂を含む、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物であって、
前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、前記樹脂とは別に、一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を更に含むか、又は、
前記樹脂が、前記繰り返し単位とは別に、一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを有する繰り返し単位を更に有する、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(1)中、Xd1は、硫黄原子又はヨウ素原子を表す。Rd1は、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルケニル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。また、mが2を表す場合、2つのRd1は互いに結合して、環を形成していてもよい。Ld1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Ard1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基を表す。Xd2は、一般式(1-1)で表される基、又は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基を表す。
一般式(1-1) *-Ld2-Rd2
一般式(1-1)中、Ld2は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Rd2は、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基を表す。*は、結合位置を表す。
Xd1が硫黄原子を表す場合、nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表し、m+nは3である。Xd1がヨウ素原子を表す場合、nは1又は2を表し、mは0又は1を表し、m+nは2である。pは1~5の整数を表す。 - 前記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物が、前記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を含み、
前記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物が、一般式(2)で表される化合物、及び、一般式(3)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(2) Z1 +Y1 -
一般式(2)中、Z1 +は、前記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを表す。Y1 -は、1価の有機アニオンを表す。
一般式(3)中、Z2 +はカチオンを表し、Z2 +の少なくとも1つが前記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを表す。Y2 -は、アニオン性官能基を表す。Lは、q価の連結基を表す。qは2以上の整数を表す。 - Xd1が硫黄原子である、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)中、nが2~3の整数、又はpが2~5の整数を表す、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成された、レジスト膜。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
前記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、前記露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。 - 請求項7に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
- 一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物。
一般式(1)中、Xd1は、硫黄原子又はヨウ素原子を表す。Rd1は、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルケニル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。また、mが2を表す場合、2つのRd1は互いに結合して、環を形成していてもよい。Ld1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Ard1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基を表す。Xd2は、一般式(1-1)で表される基、又は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基を表す。
一般式(1-1) *-Ld2-Rd2
一般式(1-1)中、Ld2は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Rd2は、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基を表す。*は、結合位置を表す。
Xd1が硫黄原子を表す場合、nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表し、m+nは3である。Xd1がヨウ素原子を表す場合、nは1又は2を表し、mは0又は1を表し、m+nは2である。pは1~5の整数を表す。 - Xd1が硫黄原子である、請求項9又は10に記載の化合物。
- 前記一般式(1)中、nが2~3の整数、又はpが2~5の整数である、請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載の一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物の製造方法であって、
塩基性化合物の存在下、一般式(4)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物と、一般式(5)で表される化合物とを反応させて、前記一般式(1)で表されるカチオンを少なくとも1つ有する化合物を製造する、化合物の製造方法。
一般式(4)中、Xd1は、硫黄原子又はヨウ素原子を表す。Rd1は、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい直鎖状、分岐鎖状、若しくは環状のアルケニル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基を表す。また、mが2を表す場合、2つのRd1は互いに結合して、環を形成していてもよい。Ld1は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Ard1は、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基を表す。Xd1が硫黄原子を表す場合、nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表し、m+nは3である。Xd1がヨウ素原子を表す場合、nは1又は2を表し、mは0又は1を表し、m+nは2である。pは1~5の整数を表す。Rd3は、ハロゲン原子を表す。
一般式(5) HS-Xd2
Xd2は、一般式(1-1)で表される基、又は、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基を表す。
式(1-1) *-Ld2-Rd2
式(1-1)中、Ld2は、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Rd2は、酸の作用により分解して極性が増大する基を表す。*は、結合位置を表す。
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