WO2021237263A1 - Système de banc d'essai pour tester au moins une pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de banc d'essai pour tester au moins une pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237263A1
WO2021237263A1 PCT/AT2021/060184 AT2021060184W WO2021237263A1 WO 2021237263 A1 WO2021237263 A1 WO 2021237263A1 AT 2021060184 W AT2021060184 W AT 2021060184W WO 2021237263 A1 WO2021237263 A1 WO 2021237263A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
test
test stand
section
collecting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2021/060184
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael DI STANDKE
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Priority to DE112021001044.1T priority Critical patent/DE112021001044A5/de
Publication of WO2021237263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237263A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/008—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by doing functionality tests
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Test stand system for testing at least one fuel cell
  • the present invention relates to a test stand system for testing at least one fuel cell and a method for operating such a test stand system.
  • the disadvantage of the known solutions is that they are designed essentially exclusively for individual production of fuel cell stacks, that is to say for an essentially manual production of the fuel cell system or the fuel cell stacks to be arranged therein. Even in test fields with several test stands, such fuel cell stacks are arranged in parallel and are appropriately supplied with fuel fluid for the test operation.
  • Another disadvantage of the known solutions is that when testing on the test stands, fuel fluid is used which is only partially chemically converted in the respective fuel cell according to the operating conditions of the respective fuel cell stack. This means that the exhaust gases from each test stand still contain a residual amount of fuel fluid, which is discharged into the environment with the exhaust gases via a chimney. In the known solutions, this discharge is also dangerous due to the small quantities of the fuel cell stacks to be tested. However, in this way the energy content in the remaining amount of the fuel fluid is lost to the environment.
  • the above object is achieved by a test stand system with the Merkma len of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 15. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims, the description and the drawings.
  • Features and details that are described in connection with the test stand system according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the method according to the invention and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is or can always be made to each other.
  • a test stand system is used to test at least one fuel cell, in particular also fuel cell stacks.
  • the test stand system has at least two individual test stands.
  • Each of these test stands is equipped with at least one test stand feed section for a feed of feed gas, this feed gas comprising fuel fluid.
  • each test stand has at least one test stand exhaust gas section for the removal of exhaust gas from this test stand, this exhaust gas containing a residual amount of fuel fluid depending on the operating mode of the fuel cell stack.
  • the test bench system is further equipped with a collecting exhaust gas section in fluid communication with the test bench exhaust gas sections for collecting the exhaust gases.
  • the collecting exhaust gas section has at least one usage interface for a fluid-communicating connection with a usage device for using the residual amount of fuel fluid contained in the exhaust gas.
  • a fuel cell stack typically includes 400 individual fuel cells. These fuel cells can, depending on the needs of the manufacturer, be tested individually, in particular, before being released for the assembly process. However, a fuel cell stack can also be tested, for which purpose the test stand system is then designed to test fuel cell stacks. In particular, individual fuel cells and / or several fuel cells and / or fuel cell stacks can be tested by the test stand system according to the invention.
  • the test stand system according to the invention is designed for testing a test item such as at least one individual fuel cell, at least one fuel cell stack or a fuel cell system.
  • a test stand system according to the invention is therefore based on the need to test fuel cells or fuel cell stacks with regard to their quality.
  • Such test stands can also be used for conditioning and / or rinsing the fuel cells or fuel cell stacks.
  • the individual test stands can be used for testing individual fuel cells as well as for testing entire fuel cell systems and the fuel cell stacks and / or fuel cells arranged therein. It is also possible for several fuel cell stacks to be tested in a common fuel cell system on such a test stand.
  • the gases from the at least two individual test stands are now collected.
  • Each of the test stands will generate exhaust gas at the respective fuel cell stack with the fuel fluid as the feed gas and feed it to the test stand exhaust gas section.
  • the respective exhaust gas is now transferred to the collective exhaust gas section, so that preferably all exhaust gases from all individual test stands can be collected in this.
  • the collective exhaust gas section is now equipped with a usage interface in the manner according to the invention. This usage interface makes it possible to establish a fluid-communicating connection with a downstream usage device in order, contrary to the known solutions, to make the fuel fluid, which is still present as a residual amount in the collected exhaust gas, available for further use.
  • this downstream utilization device does not necessarily have to be part of the test stand system according to the invention.
  • the usage device is designed downstream of the usage interface and in fluid communication with it as part of the test stand system.
  • Examples of such utilization devices can be, in the simplest possible manner, the connection to an external gas network in order to make the remaining amount of fuel fluid available to such an external gas network as an energy carrier.
  • the direct use of the remaining amount of fuel fluid for example by an appropriate afterburner for the generation of heat or even a separate fuel cell to use this remaining amount for the generation of electricity and / or from waste heat are conceivable here.
  • a common and thus centralized recirculation of the collected exhaust gases into the individual test stand feed sections is also possible.
  • a test stand system according to the invention now makes it possible to test the fuel cell stacks at the end of a production line even for a very large number of fuel cell stacks produced, since a discharge of residual amount of fuel fluid to the environment can be reduced or even completely avoided.
  • a separate separation or cleaning of the exhaust gas is advantageously not necessary here, since this residual amount of the fuel fluid is used.
  • test stand system Another advantage of the inventive design of the test stand system is the use of the energy content of the remaining amount of the fuel fluid. For example, when the remaining amount of the fuel fluid is returned from the collected exhaust gas to a fuel cell or to the test stands themselves, the energy content can in turn be converted into electricity and / or waste heat. The overall efficiency when operating the test stand system or a corresponding production system is significantly improved in this way.
  • test stand system can be used both in the research area as a test field for a large number of fuel cells and in production for qualification at the end of a production line.
  • the supply of supply gas and removal of exhaust gas according to the invention relates at least to the fuel path of the respective fuel cell stack or the respective fuel cell.
  • these must be on the anode side, and on the cathode side are supplied with appropriate gases in order to enable the chemical conversion on the membranes of the fuel cells.
  • the test stand system according to the invention is specifically designed with the test stand supply section, the test stand exhaust gas section and the collective exhaust gas section for the flow path of the fuel cell stack in which the fuel fluid, for example the hydrogen, is conveyed. In conventional fuel cell stacks or fuel cells, this is the anode section and thus the anode path. If exhaust gases are also generated in the cathode section, i.e. in the opposite section of the fuel cell stack, the contents of which contain residual amounts of usable fluids, the idea of a test bench system according to the invention can of course also be applied to the further flow paths of the test benches and the fuel cell stacks arranged therein.
  • the collecting exhaust gas section has a delivery device for actively delivering the collected exhaust gases of the at least one use interface.
  • a conveyor device can be, for example, a pumping device or a compressor device. It allows the collected exhaust gases to be promoted actively, in particular in a controlled, for example controlled or regulated manner. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to provide suction operation from the individual test bench exhaust gas sections and, on the other hand, alternatively or additionally, to implement pumping operation, i.e. active supply of the collected exhaust gases, to the user interface and the usage device arranged on it.
  • pumping operation i.e. active supply of the collected exhaust gases
  • a utilization device is connected in a fluid-communicating manner to the at least one utilization interface, in particular one of the following:
  • the utilization device is part or at least partially part of the test stand system.
  • this utilization device When connected to an external gas network, this utilization device is, for example, the network connection to this external gas network, which now allows the remaining amount of fuel fluid to be taken up and used for further use in this external gas network.
  • a central utility fuel cell system is to be understood as a fuel cell system which, independently of the individual test stands, converts the remaining amount of fuel fluid into electrical energy and waste heat. The electrical energy generated in this way as well as the waste heat generated can be fed to the operation of the test bench system.
  • the electrical energy from the usage fuel cell system can be fed to the operation of the entire test bench system, so that the efficiency in the operation of the test bench system can be increased.
  • the waste heat generated from a central utilization fuel cell system can, for example, be fed to a heating function of a building in which the test stand system is arranged.
  • a central afterburner device without the generation of electrical energy can also be designed to generate waste heat, which can be supplied in the same way to the premises of the test bench system and / or the temperature control of the test benches.
  • a central recirculation interface is to be understood as meaning that the remaining amount of fuel fluid in the exhaust gas is at least partially returned as recirculation gas to the test stand supply sections and is thus recirculated.
  • a recirculation is designed as a global or system-wide recirculation and thus as a central recirculation and thus differs in particular from local recirculation on the respective test bench itself or in another, targeted application of a fuel cell such as in a fuel cell vehicle.
  • a collective supply section is provided in fluid-communicating connection with the test stand supply sections for a central supply of the supply gas.
  • a collecting feed section is coupled to the recirculation interface already explained.
  • the collecting feed section can receive the fuel fluid or the feed gas which contains the fuel fluid from a corresponding feed gas source and / or a fuel fluid source.
  • This can be a corresponding external supply gas connection or a gas tank in which the supply gas and / or the fuel fluid are stored.
  • the complexity of the entire test stand system is further reduced by the provision of a common collecting feed section.
  • the collecting feed section has a storage container for storing feed gas.
  • a storage container can be, for example, a gas tank which contains the feed gas or the fuel fluid as part of the feed gas.
  • an external gas line which supplies the supply gas and / or the fuel fluid from the outside to the test stand system.
  • the central recirculation interface is designed to be in fluid communication with the collecting supply section.
  • this allows the already explained system-wide recirculation of collected exhaust gases and in this way feeds the collected exhaust gas and thus in particular the remaining amount of fuel fluid to the collection feed section and via this to the individual test stand feed sections.
  • the recirculation interface can be routed directly into the collecting feed section or also into a storage container, as has been explained in a preceding paragraph.
  • the reservoir would form an additional buffer, which is used to temporarily store the collected and recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the at least two test stands are designed to be identical or essentially identical. This allows a test stand to be designed essentially as large as desired in a modular manner.
  • the identical or essentially identical design of the individual test benches also enables a significantly simpler and scalable control of all test benches to take place. Last but not least, this makes it possible to keep results obtained on the respective test bench when testing the fuel cell stack comparable with other results from other test benches of the same test bench system.
  • all test stands of a test stand system according to the invention are identical or essentially identical.
  • the at least two test stands are designed to be free of recirculation sections for recirculation of exhaust gas at the respective test stand. This means that no recirculation functionality is provided locally on the respective test bench. Much more, such a recirculation is, if desired, made available exclusively as a central recirculation with the central recirculation interface already explained. This significantly reduces the complexity of the individual test stands, both in production and in use.
  • the collecting exhaust gas section has a drain valve separate from the at least one use interface for a central drainage of exhaust gas that is not fed to the use interface.
  • a drain valve can also be referred to as a central purge valve.
  • the drain valve is preferably arranged upstream of the user interface and allows exhaust gas that is not required to be discharged separately from the user interface in a qualitative and / or quantitative manner. For example, the exhaust gas that is not used or cannot be used can be discharged to the environment.
  • the collecting exhaust gas section has a water separator for separating water from the collected exhaust gas.
  • a water separator can also be provided as a central water separator, which allows the individual test stands to be made available free of local water separators. len.
  • the water separated by the water separator can be collected and also fed to a central point.
  • the usage interface has a switching device for switching between at least two usage devices.
  • This switching device can, for example, be designed qualitatively in order to switch over completely to one or the other utilization device.
  • quantitative switching devices are also conceivable in order to allow a quantitative distribution of different partial residual amounts of fuel fluid in the collected exhaust gas to the different utilization devices.
  • test stand system the at least two test stands are designed for at least one of the following purposes:
  • test bench This is preferably a test field in development and / or a so-called end-of-line quality test in the production of fuel cell stacks.
  • the at least two test benches in the test bench feed sections and / or in the test bench exhaust gas sections have control valves for checking the pressure in the test bench feed sections and / or the test bench exhaust gas sections.
  • control valves can also be referred to as throttle valves or pressure valves, which allow the pressure, in particular within of the test bench and there within the fuel cell stack to be tested.
  • the collecting exhaust gas section has a central maintenance access for a central access to the collecting exhaust gas section for maintenance work and / or repair work.
  • a central maintenance access for a central access to the collecting exhaust gas section for maintenance work and / or repair work.
  • the collective exhaust gas section has at least partially easily accessible sections which provide maintenance access, for example, through a central flap or through the external arrangement of the collective exhaust gas section on the test stand system.
  • this central maintenance access relates to access to functional components of the collecting exhaust gas section, such as, for example, the conveying device described or the user interface.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a test stand system according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
  • a method according to the invention thus has the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a test stand system according to the invention.
  • switching between different usage devices is also possible here.
  • concentration of fuel fluid in the individual test stand exhaust gas sections and / or in the collective exhaust gas section is determined with the aid of a sensor device. With this information, in particular a switching device or the mode of operation of the usage interface can be adapted.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the test stand system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a test stand system according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a test stand system according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a test stand system according to the invention.
  • FIG 1 a schematically particularly simple alternative of a test stand system 10 is shown.
  • two test stands 20 are shown here in an identical configuration. Both test stands 20 are designed with a test stand supply section 22 for the supply of supply gas Z. Both test stands 20 likewise have a fuel cell system 100 arranged thereon and / or a fuel cell stack 110 and / or at least one individual fuel cell, which exhaust gas A generates during operation.
  • the exhaust gas A is discharged from each test bench 20 via test bench exhaust gas sections 24 and is collected in the collecting exhaust gas section 30 via a fluid-communicating connection. This collected exhaust gas A contains a residual amount of fuel fluid which has not been converted in the individual test stands 20 by the fuel cell stacks 110 arranged there.
  • the collected exhaust gas A and thus also the remaining amount of fuel fluid is fed to the usage interface 32, via which the remaining amount of fuel fluid can be used in an external usage device 200. It should also be pointed out that, of course, a significantly larger number than the two test stands 20 shown can be provided and in particular special are provided. The functionality of the collective exhaust gas section 30 is independent of the actual number of individual test stands 20.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further development of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • a common collecting feed section 40 is provided here, which receives the desired feed gas Z from a storage container 42, which will be explained later, or from an external gas connection and is sent to the individual test stands 20 or the test stand supply sections 22 divides.
  • an active delivery device 34 is provided in the form of an exhaust gas pump, which delivers the collected exhaust gas A and, in particular, can also suck it out of the individual test stands 20.
  • a central maintenance access 39 can be seen via the arrow shown, which allows access in particular to movable components for maintenance work and / or repair work.
  • FIG. 3 is a further development of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a central recirculation interface 240 is provided as external utilization device 200, which allows the exhaust gas A from the collective exhaust gas section 30 to be fed to a central recirculation into the collective feed section 40.
  • the remaining amount of fuel fluid can now be made available to the individual test stands for a new run in a recirculated functionality, so that the remaining amount of fuel fluid contained is used in this new run.
  • each of the individual test stands 20 is also equipped with control valves 26, which are arranged upstream and downstream of the respective fuel cell stack 110.
  • the pressure situation in the test stand supply section 22 and in the test stand exhaust gas section 24 can be adjusted, so that in particular the pressure loss across the test stand 20 can be controlled.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further alternative, in particular to the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the recirculation functionality is made available in an indirect way, namely in a storage container 42.
  • This storage container 42 stores supply gas Z and can now through this central recirculation interface 240 are also available as a buffer store for the recirculated exhaust gas A from the collective exhaust gas section 30.
  • a central water drain is also shown in FIG. 4 at the lower right end of the collecting exhaust gas section 30
  • separator 38 which makes it possible to separate water from this exhaust gas and preferably to dissipate it for the collected exhaust gas and thus independently of the individual test stands 20.
  • FIG. 5 A variant of the test stand system 10 is shown in FIG. 5, which has two different utilization devices 200.
  • a central usage fuel cell system 220 and / or a central afterburner device 230 is provided here.
  • the switching device 33 as a component of the usage interface 32, a quantitative distribution between the different usage devices 200 can take place here in particular.
  • the central utility fuel cell system 220 is used to generate electricity and waste heat, while a central afterburner device 230 is designed essentially exclusively to generate waste heat. The waste heat can be fed to the individual test stands 20 or the entire operation of the test stand system 10 in both cases.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment which feeds the collected exhaust gas A via the collective exhaust gas section 30 to an external gas network 210 as a utilization device 200.
  • a purge or discharge functionality is also provided here via the discharge valve 36 in the collecting exhaust gas section 30, which makes it possible, in particular in a quantitative manner, to discharge part of the collected exhaust gas A from the collecting exhaust gas section 30.
  • test bench system 20 test bench

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de banc d'essai (10) permettant de tester au moins une pile à combustible, comprenant au moins deux bancs d'essai individuels (20) avec au moins une section d'alimentation de banc d'essai respective (22) pour l'alimentation en gaz d'alimentation (Z), comprenant un fluide combustible, et au moins une section de gaz d'échappement de banc d'essai respective (24) pour l'évacuation de gaz d'échappement (A), comprenant une quantité résiduelle de fluide combustible. Le système de banc d'essai (10) comprend en outre une section de collecte de gaz d'échappement (30) en communication fluidique avec les sections de gaz d'échappement de banc d'essai (24) afin de collecter les gaz d'échappement (A), la section de collecte de gaz d'échappement (30) ayant au moins une interface d'utilisation (32) pour la mise en communication fluidique à un dispositif d'utilisation (200) afin d'utiliser la quantité résiduelle de fluide combustible contenue dans le gaz d'échappement (A).
PCT/AT2021/060184 2020-05-29 2021-05-28 Système de banc d'essai pour tester au moins une pile à combustible WO2021237263A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112021001044.1T DE112021001044A5 (de) 2020-05-29 2021-05-28 Prüfstandsystem zum Prüfen von zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50472/2020A AT523896B1 (de) 2020-05-29 2020-05-29 Prüfstandsystem zum Prüfen von zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle
ATA50472/2020 2020-05-29

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WO2021237263A1 true WO2021237263A1 (fr) 2021-12-02

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AT525432B1 (de) * 2022-02-11 2023-04-15 Avl List Gmbh Prüfstation zum zumindest teilweise zeitlich parallelen Prüfen von wenigstens zwei Brennstoffzellen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005078841A2 (fr) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-25 Avl List Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour determiner des parametres de fonctionnement de piles individuelles ou d'empilements courts de piles a combustible
CN110649293A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2020-01-03 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 燃料电池测试台的氢气循环装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005078841A2 (fr) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-25 Avl List Gmbh Dispositif et procede pour determiner des parametres de fonctionnement de piles individuelles ou d'empilements courts de piles a combustible
CN110649293A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2020-01-03 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 燃料电池测试台的氢气循环装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
KUPECKI JAKUB ET AL: "Experimental and numerical analysis of a serial connection of two SOFC stacks in a micro-CHP system fed by biogas", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V., BARKING, GB, vol. 42, no. 5, 15 August 2016 (2016-08-15), pages 3487 - 3497, XP029944319, ISSN: 0360-3199, DOI: 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2016.07.222 *

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AT523896B1 (de) 2022-10-15
DE112021001044A5 (de) 2023-01-26

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