WO2021233460A1 - 空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法 - Google Patents

空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021233460A1
WO2021233460A1 PCT/CN2021/097987 CN2021097987W WO2021233460A1 WO 2021233460 A1 WO2021233460 A1 WO 2021233460A1 CN 2021097987 W CN2021097987 W CN 2021097987W WO 2021233460 A1 WO2021233460 A1 WO 2021233460A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
temperature
compressor
accumulator
refrigerating
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PCT/CN2021/097987
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张瑞台
张捷
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
青岛海尔空调器有限总公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021233460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021233460A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/873—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling refrigerant heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/10—Pressure
    • F24F2140/12—Heat-exchange fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration systems, in particular to a temperature control system and method of refrigerating oil in an air-conditioning compressor.
  • water chillers can be divided into water-cooled chillers and air-cooled chillers according to different condenser cooling methods. According to different types of compressors, they can be divided into piston compressor units and screw compressor units (referred to as screw units) , Centrifugal compressor unit, etc.
  • the main components of the chiller include compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, and connecting pipes. The refrigerant circulates in the connecting pipes to achieve the purpose of cooling or heating the unit.
  • lubricating oil also called refrigerating oil
  • the refrigerating oil mainly plays the role of lubrication, sealing, cooling, etc. Therefore, it needs to work smoothly within a certain temperature range. Too high or too low oil temperature will affect the viscosity of the refrigerating oil, thereby affecting its sealing and lubricating effect.
  • the existing screw unit usually sets the refrigerating oil heating time before leaving the factory, and the refrigerating oil is heated by an electric heater for a certain period of time before the unit starts to increase the temperature of the refrigerating oil.
  • the heating method with a fixed heating time often deviates from expectations. Either the heating time is too long, which leads to energy waste; or the heating is insufficient, which causes the unit to run out of oil.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a The refrigerating oil temperature control system in the air-conditioning compressor is characterized in that the control system includes a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion valve, and an evaporator that can communicate through the main pipe and form a circulation for the refrigerant.
  • the engine has an oil discharge port and an oil return port.
  • the control system further includes: an accumulator provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet; the accumulator is connected with an electric heater; The first pipeline between the oil discharge port and the oil inlet, and between the oil return port and the oil outlet, the first pipeline is provided with an oil pump to make the refrigerating oil It can circulate between the compressor and the accumulator; a controller is used to control the on and off of the oil pump according to the oil temperature in the compressor.
  • the refrigerating oil temperature control system in the air conditioner compressor provided by the present invention is equipped with an accumulator, and the refrigerating oil temperature in the compressor is adjusted by the refrigerating oil in the accumulator, which can realize the two-way direction of the refrigerating oil temperature in the compressor. Adjustment; In addition, in the process of adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor, since the refrigerating oil in the compressor is always in a circulating state, the refrigerating oil with a temperature difference can be quickly mixed in the compressor with the help of circulating power. In this way, the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor is uniform throughout.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor can be adjusted during the operation of the compressor with the help of the accumulator, which can protect the oil of the compressor. The temperature is maintained within a proper range, so that the compressor always works under good operating conditions, which can prolong the service life of the compressor, reduce the maintenance rate of the compressor, and save costs.
  • the accumulator there can be many forms of the accumulator, such as an oil tank, an oil tank, an oil box, and so on.
  • the electric heater can be arranged inside the accumulator, can be in direct contact with the refrigerating oil, or can be in contact with the refrigerating oil by means of a heat dissipation structure such as a heat sink, or it can be attached to the outside of the accumulator
  • the refrigerating oil is indirectly heated by heating the accumulator body.
  • the oil pump can be connected to the first pipeline for communicating between the oil discharge port and the oil inlet, or it can be connected to the first pipeline for communicating between the oil return port and the oil outlet, preferably connected to the On the first pipeline connecting the oil return port and the oil outlet.
  • a temperature detection device can be connected to the compressor oil cavity, or a temperature detection device such as an oil temperature sensor can be connected to the compressor oil outlet.
  • the pipeline further includes a second pipeline, and the first end of the second pipeline is connected to the exhaust gas of the compressor Or connected to the main pipe communicating with the exhaust port, and the second end of the second pipe is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser or connected to the main pipe communicating with the refrigerant inlet of the condenser,
  • the second pipeline includes a first heat exchange pipe section, and the first heat exchange pipe section is configured to be able to exchange heat with the energy storage.
  • the first heat exchange tube section and the accumulator can have various heat exchange modes, and they can directly contact the accumulator for heat exchange.
  • the first heat exchange tube section is directly deep into the refrigerating oil, or the A heat exchange tube section surrounds the outer circumference of the energy storage body, and can also be arranged to exchange heat with the energy storage in a non-contact manner.
  • the first heat exchange tube section is arranged at a certain distance from the energy storage body; in addition, the first heat exchange tube section
  • the heat pipe section can be set into a straight pipe, a bent pipe, a combination of straight and bent pipes, and so on.
  • a valve may be provided on the second pipeline, and the valve may be controlled by the aforementioned controller, or may be independently provided with a controller.
  • the type of valve can be ball valve, solenoid valve, shut-off valve and so on.
  • the valve may be arranged upstream of the first heat exchange tube section, or may be arranged downstream of the first heat exchange tube section, and valves may also be arranged both upstream and downstream of the first heat exchange tube section.
  • the pipeline further includes a third pipeline, and the first end of the third pipeline is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser Or connected to the main pipe communicating with the refrigerant outlet of the condenser, and the second end of the third pipe is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator, or connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, or connected to The main pipe connected to the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator, or connected to the main pipe connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, the third pipe includes a second heat exchange pipe section, and the second heat exchange pipe section is provided To be able to exchange heat with the accumulator,
  • a second expansion valve is provided on the third pipeline, and the second expansion valve is located upstream of the second heat exchange pipe section.
  • the low-temperature refrigerant output by the condenser is used to reduce the oil temperature in the accumulator, and then used to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant oil in the compressor.
  • the system The cold capacity produced by itself can reduce the oil temperature in the compressor, which can avoid the installation of a special cooling device, and only need to modify the refrigerant delivery pipeline, which realizes the adjustment of the oil temperature in the compressor in a low-cost manner.
  • the location and manner of the second heat exchange tube section are similar to those of the first heat exchange tube section.
  • a valve can also be provided on the third pipeline, and the type, location and control method of the valve are also similar to those on the second pipeline.
  • the second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for controlling the temperature of refrigerating oil in an air-conditioning compressor, which is based on the control method of the refrigerating oil temperature control system in an air-conditioning compressor according to any one of the foregoing technical solutions.
  • the control method includes:
  • the temperature of the refrigerant oil in the compressor is adjusted by mixing the refrigerant oil in the accumulator and the refrigerant oil in the compressor.
  • the step of "starting the compressor” specifically includes:
  • Preheating the refrigerating oil in the compressor by mixing the refrigerating oil in the accumulator with the refrigerating oil in the compressor;
  • the compressor can be used to better preheat the refrigerating oil of the compressor before the compressor is started for the first time, so that the system can automatically adjust the preheating time of the compressor refrigerating oil according to the use environment of the compressor.
  • the preset preheating temperature can be reached more accurately; in addition, by heating the refrigerating oil in the accumulator first, and then circulating and exchanging heat with the refrigerating oil in the compressor, the refrigerating oil in the compressor can be heated evenly , To avoid the problem that the local oil temperature is too high and affect the operation of the compressor.
  • the oil temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor can be detected by an oil temperature sensor arranged in the compressor or a temperature sensor arranged at the oil discharge port of the compressor; in addition, the first preset oil temperature threshold can be determined through experiments.
  • the step of "adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator" specifically includes:
  • the first preset oil temperature threshold is greater than the second preset oil temperature threshold and less than the third preset oil temperature threshold.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator can always be kept in a stable state during the operation of the compressor, so that cooling or heating can be timely provided when the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor needs to be adjusted.
  • the second preset oil temperature threshold and the third preset oil temperature threshold can be determined through experiments.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator can be detected by a temperature sensor arranged in the accumulator.
  • the step of "adjusting or maintaining the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator according to the comparison result" specifically includes:
  • the refrigerant oil temperature in the accumulator is higher than the second preset oil temperature threshold and lower than the third preset oil temperature threshold, maintain the state of the first pipeline and the electric heater Unchanged; or
  • the pipeline further includes a second pipeline, the first end of the second pipeline is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor or connected to a main pipe communicating with the exhaust port, the second pipe The second end of the circuit is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser or to the main pipe communicating with the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the second pipeline includes a first heat exchange tube section, and the first heat exchange tube section It is configured to be able to exchange heat with the accumulator, and if the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator is higher than the third preset oil temperature threshold, the second pipeline is connected.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator can be raised with the help of the waste heat released when the compressor is exhausted, so that the refrigerating oil temperature in the accumulator can be adjusted and the waste heat can be recovered and utilized.
  • the step of “selectively connecting the first pipeline or the electric heater according to the comparison result” specifically includes:
  • the first pipeline is connected until the refrigerant oil temperature in the accumulator is higher than the fourth preset oil temperature threshold Disconnect the first pipeline;
  • the electric heater is turned on until the refrigerant oil temperature in the accumulator is higher than the fourth preset oil temperature threshold.
  • the fourth preset oil temperature threshold is greater than the second preset oil temperature threshold and less than the first preset oil temperature threshold.
  • the refrigeration in the compressor is adjusted by mixing the refrigerating oil in the accumulator and the refrigerating oil in the compressor.
  • the steps of "oil temperature” specifically include:
  • the oil pump is selectively switched on or off according to the comparison result, so that the refrigerating oil in the accumulator and the refrigerating oil in the compressor can be mixed to adjust the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor.
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the compressor can be stably maintained within a suitable operating temperature range.
  • control method further includes:
  • the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator is adjusted.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerating oil temperature control system in the air-conditioning compressor of the present invention
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed or fixed. It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed e.g., they can be fixed or fixed. It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerating oil temperature control system in the air-conditioning compressor of the present invention.
  • the control system includes a compressor 1, a condenser 5, a first expansion valve 8 and an evaporator 9 that can communicate through a main pipe and form a circulation of refrigerant.
  • the compressor 1 has an oil discharge port and an oil return port for the refrigerating oil to enter and exit, and an oil cavity inside to contain the refrigerated oil.
  • the internal parts are partially immersed in the refrigerated oil, and the first oil is provided at the oil discharge port.
  • the temperature sensor 10 is provided with an exhaust temperature sensor 2 at the exhaust port of the compressor 1.
  • the condenser 5 is also connected with a cooling water circulation pipeline, and the cooling water circulation pipeline is connected to a cooling tower.
  • the evaporator 9 is also connected to the chilled water circulation pipe.
  • the control system provided in this embodiment further includes an energy storage 11, which is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, an electric heater 14 is connected to the outside, and a second oil temperature sensor 13 is provided inside.
  • the compressor 1 and the accumulator 11 are communicated through a first pipeline to form a channel for circulating the refrigerating oil.
  • the first pipeline includes at least two pipe sections. One pipe section is connected between the oil discharge port and the oil inlet, and the other pipe section is connected between the oil return port and the oil outlet.
  • An oil pump 12 is provided on the pipe section so that the refrigerating oil can circulate between the compressor 1 and the accumulator 11.
  • the control system is also provided with a controller, which is used to control the on and off of the oil pump 12 according to the oil temperature in the compressor 1.
  • the system also includes a second pipeline and a third pipeline.
  • the first end of the second pipeline is connected to the main pipe connected to the exhaust port, and the second end is connected to the main pipe connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 5.
  • the second pipeline includes the first heat exchange pipe section, and the first heat exchange pipe section
  • the heat pipe section is arranged in the form of a coil and wound around the outer periphery of the accumulator 11.
  • the first electric ball valve 3 and the second electric ball valve 4 are connected to the second pipeline to control the on and off of the second pipeline.
  • the first electric ball valve 3 and the second electric ball valve 4 are controlled by the controller
  • the first end of the third pipeline is connected to the main pipe communicating with the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 5, and the second end is connected to the main pipe communicating with the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 9.
  • the third pipeline includes a second heat exchange pipe section, The second heat exchange pipe section is arranged in the same way as the first heat exchange pipe section.
  • the solenoid valve 6 and the second expansion valve 7 are connected upstream of the second heat exchange pipe section.
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant in the third pipeline is shown by the arrow in the figure. .
  • control method of the present invention will be described based on the above-mentioned control system.
  • X is the first preset oil temperature threshold
  • T1 is the temperature of the refrigerant oil in the accumulator
  • T2 is the compressor discharge temperature
  • T3 is the temperature of the refrigerant oil in the compressor
  • (X-15) is the second preset oil temperature threshold
  • (X+5) is the third preset oil temperature threshold
  • (X-5) is the fourth preset oil temperature threshold.
  • the controller controls the oil pump and the electric heater to be turned on at the same time, so that the refrigerating oil circulates between the compressor and the accumulator so that the refrigerating oil between the two is mixed, so that the refrigerating oil in the compressor
  • the oil temperature gradually rises.
  • the system sends a start-up signal, the compressor starts, and the oil pump and electric heater can be controlled to shut down. If the oil temperature does not reach X°C, do not turn off the oil pump and electric heater.
  • the temperature T1 of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator is detected
  • T2>T1 the controller controls the opening of the first electric ball valve and the second electric ball valve to connect to the second pipeline.
  • Part of the gaseous high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows through the second pipeline and passes through the first heat exchange pipe section. Heat the refrigerating oil in the accumulator and increase the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator.
  • T1>X+5 control the first electric ball valve and the second electric ball valve to close.
  • the controller controls the opening of the first electric ball valve and the second electric ball valve to connect to the second pipeline to increase the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator.
  • the controller controls the solenoid valve to open to connect to the third pipeline, the refrigerant flows through the accumulator after the second expansion valve, thereby reducing the temperature of the refrigerating oil in the accumulator, when T1 ⁇ X -5 o'clock, control to close the solenoid valve.
  • the controller controls the oil pump to turn on to mix the refrigerant oil in the compressor with the refrigerant oil in the accumulator.
  • T3>X-5 it controls to turn off the oil pump.
  • T3 ⁇ X-15 control to turn on the oil pump, when T3>X-5, control to turn off the oil pump.
  • T1 ⁇ X control to turn on the electric heater, when T1>X+5, control to turn off the electric heater.
  • X ⁇ T1 ⁇ X+5 maintain the status quo.

Abstract

一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法，控制系统包括压缩机（1）、冷凝器（5）、第一膨胀阀（8）和蒸发器（9）。压缩机（1）具有排油口和回油口，还包括储能器（11），储能器（11）设置有进油口和出油口，外部连接有电热器(14)，在压缩机1和储能器11之间通过第一管路连通以形成供冷冻油循环流通的通道。第一管路包括至少两个管段，其中一个管段连接在排油口和进油口之间，另一个管段连接在回油口和出油口之间，在连接回油口和出油口的管段上设置有油泵（12），以使冷冻油能够在压缩机（1）和储能器（11）之间循环流通。还设置有控制器，控制器用于根据压缩机（1）内的油温控制油泵（12）的通断。

Description

空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及制冷系统技术领域，具体涉及一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法。
背景技术
制冷行业中，冷水机组按照冷凝器的冷却方式不同可分为水冷冷水机组和风冷冷水机组，按照压缩机的种类不同可分为活塞式压缩机机组、螺杆式压缩机机组(简称螺杆机组)、离心式压缩机机组等。冷水机组的组成部件主要包括压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀、蒸发器以及连接管路，通过制冷剂在连接管路中循环流通从而实现机组制冷或制热的目的。
以螺杆机组为例，螺杆压缩机在运行过程中，各零部件之间需要润滑和散热，因此在压缩机内添加有润滑油，也称冷冻油。冷冻油主要起润滑、密封、降温等作用，因此需要在一定的温度范围内才能顺利工作，油温太高或太低，都会影响冷冻油的粘度，从而影响其密封和润滑效果。现有的螺杆机组通常是在出厂前设置好冷冻油加热时间，在机组启动前通过电热器对冷冻油加热一定时间，以提升冷冻油油温。但是，由于压缩机的工作环境较复杂，固定加热时间的加热方式往往会偏离预期，要么加热时间太长，导致能源浪费；要么加热不足，导致机组跑油问题。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统和控制方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有压缩机启动前和运行过程中压缩机油温偏高或偏低从而影响压缩机使用的问题，本发明的第一方面提供了一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制系统包括能够通过主管路连通并形成供制冷剂 循环流通的压缩机、冷凝器、第一膨胀阀和蒸发器，所述压缩机具有排油口和回油口，所述控制系统还包括：储能器，其设置有进油口和出油口，所述储能器连接有电热器；管路，其包括连接在所述排油口和所述进油口之间的，以及连接在所述回油口和所述出油口之间的第一管路，所述第一管路上设置有油泵，以使冷冻油能够在所述压缩机和所述储能器之间循环流通；控制器，其用于根据所述压缩机内的油温控制所述油泵的通断。
本发明提供的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统，通过设置储能器，借助储能器内的冷冻油来调节压缩机内冷冻油油温，可以实现压缩机内冷冻油油温的双向调节；此外，在调节压缩机内冷冻油油温的过程中，由于压缩机内的冷冻油始终处于循环流动的状态，使得存在温差的冷冻油借助流通的动力能够在压缩机内快速混匀，从而使压缩机内冷冻油油温各处均匀，与直接通过加热器或冷却器与冷冻油进行热交换的方式相比，可以避免压缩机内的冷冻油局部温度偏高或偏低的现象发生，从而更有利于压缩机内各零部件的润滑、密封、散热等过程；再者，借助储能器在压缩机运行过程中对压缩机内冷冻油油温进行调节，能够保障压缩机的油温维持在合适范围内，从而使压缩机始终在良好的运行条件下工作，这样可以延长压缩机的使用寿命，降低压缩机的维修率，进而节约成本。
可以理解的是，储能器的形式可以有多种，如为油箱、油罐、油盒等。关于电热器与储能器的连接方式，电热器可以设置在储能器内部，可以与冷冻油直接接触，也可以借助散热结构如散热片与冷冻油接触，还可以贴设在储能器外部通过加热储能器本体来间接加热冷冻油。此外，油泵可以连接到用于连通排油口和进油口之间的第一管路上，也可以连接到用于连通回油口和出油口之间的第一管路上，优选连接到用于连通回油口和出油口之间的第一管路上。本领域技术人员还可以理解的是，为了获得压缩机内冷冻油油温，可以在压缩机油腔内连接温度检测装置，也可以在压缩机排油口处连接温度检测装置如油温传感器等。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的一些可行的实施方式中，所述管路还包括第二管路，所述第二管路的第一端连接 至所述压缩机的排气口或连接至与所述排气口连通的主管路，所述第二管路的第二端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒入口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒入口连通的主管路，所述第二管路包括第一换热管段，所述第一换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热。
通过这样设置，在储能器内的油温偏低时，可以回收利用压缩机排气时释放的热量来提升储能器内的油温，进而用于提升压缩机内的油温，这样可以充分利用废热实现压缩机内油温的提升，实现能量的回收利用，从而降低能源消耗。
可以理解的是，第一换热管段与储能器的换热方式可以有多种，可以与储能器直接接触换热，例如将第一换热管段直接深入到冷冻油内，或者将第一换热管段环绕在储能器本体的外周，也可以设置成与储能器非接触换热，例如将第一换热管段设置与储能器本体有一定距离的位置处；此外第一换热管段可以设置成直管、弯管、直管弯管结合的结构等等。
此外，还可以理解的是，为了方便地控制第二管路的通断，可以在第二管路上设置阀门，阀门可以通过前述的控制器控制，也可以独立设置控制器。阀门的类型可以为球阀、电磁阀、关断阀等等。此外，阀门可以设置在第一换热管段的上游，也可以设置在第一换热管段的下游，还可以在第一换热管段的上下游均设置阀门。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的一些可行的实施方式中，所述管路还包括第三管路，所述第三管路的第一端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒出口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒出口连通的主管路，所述第三管路的第二端连接至所述蒸发器的冷媒出口，或连接至所述压缩机的冷媒入口、或连接至与所述蒸发器的冷媒出口连通的主管路，或连接至与所述压缩机的冷媒入口连通的主管路，所述第三管路包括第二换热管段，所述第二换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热，
其中，所述第三管路上设置有第二膨胀阀，所述第二膨胀阀位于所述第二换热管段的上游。
通过这样设置，在储能器内的油温偏高时，利用冷凝器输出的低温制冷剂来降低储能器内的油温，进而用于降低压缩机内冷冻 油油温，这样，利用系统自身产生的冷量来降低压缩机内的油温，可以避免设置专用的降温装置，仅需对冷媒输送管路进行改造即可，以低成本的方式实现了压缩机内油温的调节。
可以理解的是，第二换热管段与第一换热管段的设置位置和设置方式类似。此外，也可以在第三管路上设置阀门，阀门的类型、设置位置及控制方式也与第二管路上的类似。
本发明的第二方面还提供了一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，该控制方法是基于前述任一项技术方案所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的控制方法，
所述控制方法包括：
使所述压缩机启动；
在启动所述压缩机的情形下，调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
通过所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温。
通过设置储能器，借助储能器调节压缩机内冷冻油油温，保证了压缩机在运行过程中冷冻油油温稳定并能够维持在最佳的工作温度范围内，从而使压缩机始终在良好的运行条件下工作，这样可以延长压缩机的使用寿命，降低压缩机的维修率，进而节约成本；再者，通过自动控制代替了现有技术中的预先设定，提高了系统的自动化程度。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，“使压缩机启动”的步骤具体包括：
通过电热器加热储能器内的冷冻油；
通过储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式预热所述压缩机内的冷冻油；
在所述压缩机内的冷冻油达到第一预设油温阈值的情形下，使所述压缩机启动。
通过这样设置，在压缩机首次启动前能够借助储能器更好地对压缩机冷冻油进行预热，使得系统可以根据压缩机的使用环境自动地调整压缩机冷冻油的预热时间，使系统更准确地达到预设的预热 温度；此外，通过先加热储能器内的冷冻油，再与压缩机内的冷冻油进行流通换热的加热方式，能够使压缩机内的冷冻油均匀升温，避免出现局部油温过高影响压缩机运行的问题。
可以理解的是，可以通过设置在压缩机内的油温传感器或设置在压缩机排油口的温度传感器检测压缩机内冷冻油油温；此外，第一预设油温阈值可以通过实验测定。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，“调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
检测所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
将所述储能器内冷冻油油温分别与第二预设油温阈值和第三预设油温阈值进行比较；
根据比较结果调节或维持所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
其中，所述第一预设油温阈值大于所述第二预设油温阈值且小于所述第三预设油温阈值。
通过这样设置，能够在压缩机运行过程中始终保持储能器内冷冻油油温处于稳定状态，从而在压缩机内冷冻油油温需要调节的时候能够及时地供冷或供热。
可以理解的是，第二预设油温阈值和第三预设油温阈值可以通过实验测定。此外，储能器内冷冻油油温可以通过设置在储能器内的温度传感器进行检测。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，“根据比较结果调节或维持所述储能器内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
若所述储能器内冷冻油油温低于所述第二预设油温阈值，则检测所述压缩机的排气温度；
将所述排气温度与所述储能器内冷冻油油温进行比较；
根据比较结果选择性地接通所述第一管路或所述电热器；或者
若所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于所述第二预设油温阈值且低于所述第三预设油温阈值，则维持所述第一管路和所述电热器的状态不变；或者
所述管路还包括第二管路，所述第二管路的第一端连接至所述压缩机的排气口或连接至与所述排气口连通的主管路，所述第二管路的第二端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒入口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒入口连通的主管路，所述第二管路包括第一换热管段，所述第一换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热，若所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于所述第三预设油温阈值，则接通所述第二管路。
通过这样设置，可以借助压缩机排气时释放的废热来提升储能器内冷冻油油温，从而在调节储能器内冷冻油油温的同时实现废热的回收利用。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，“根据比较结果选择性地接通所述第一管路或所述电热器”的步骤具体包括：
若所述排气温度高于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，则接通所述第一管路，直至所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于第四预设油温阈值时断开所述第一管路；或者
若所述排气温度高于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，且所述排气温度高于第二预设油温阈值且低于所述第三预设油温阈值时，则接通所述第一管路以将所述储能器内冷冻油油温升温至所述排气温度；或者
若所述排气温度低于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，则开启所述电热器，直至所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于第四预设油温阈值时关闭所述电热器，
其中，所述第四预设油温阈值大于所述第二预设油温阈值且小于所述第一预设油温阈值。
通过这样设置，提供了储能器内冷冻油油温调节的一种具体方式。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，“通过所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
检测所述压缩机内冷冻油油温；
将所述压缩机内冷冻油油温分别与第二预设油温阈值和第三预设油温阈值进行比较；
根据比较结果选择性地接通或断开所述油泵，以使所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油能够混合以便调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温。
通过这样设置，能够使压缩机内冷冻油油温稳定地维持在合适的工作温度范围内。
在上述空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法的一些可行的实施方式中，所述控制方法还包括：
在所述压缩机停机后，调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温。
附图说明
下面参照附图并结合水冷冷水机组来描述本发明的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统及控制方法，附图中：
图1为本发明的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的示意图；
附图标记列表：
1、压缩机；2、排气温度传感器；3、第一电动球阀；4、第二电动球阀；5、冷凝器；6、电磁阀；7、第二膨胀阀；8、第一膨胀阀；9、蒸发器；10、第一油温传感器；11、储能器；12、油泵；13、第二油温传感器；14、电热器。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然下述的实施方式是结合水冷冷水机组来解释说明的，但是，这并不是限制性的，本发明的技术方案同样适用于风冷冷水机组、螺杆机组等。
另外，为了更好地说明本发明，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解，没有某些具体细 节，本发明同样可以实施。在一些实例中，对于本领域技术人员熟知的制冷过程未作详细描述，以便于凸显本发明的主旨。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1为本发明的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的示意图。参照图1，该控制系统包括能够通过主管路连通并形成供制冷剂循环流通的压缩机1、冷凝器5、第一膨胀阀8和蒸发器9。压缩机1具有排油口和回油口，用于供冷冻油进出，内部具有油腔，用于盛放冷冻油，内部零部件部分浸润在冷冻油中，排油口处设置有第一油温传感器10，压缩机1的排气口设置有排气温度传感器2。冷凝器5除与主管路连接外，还连接有冷却水循环管路，冷却水循环管路连接冷却塔。蒸发器9除与主管路连接外，还与冷冻水循环管路连接。
本实施例提供的控制系统还包括储能器11，储能器11设置有进油口和出油口，外部连接有电热器14，内部设置有第二油温传感器13。在压缩机1和储能器11之间通过第一管路连通以形成供冷冻油循环流通的通道。第一管路包括至少两个管段，其中一个管段连接在排油口和进油口之间，另一个管段连接在回油口和出油口之间，在连接回油口和出油口的管段上设置有油泵12，以使冷冻油能够在压缩机1和储能器11之间循环流通。该控制系统还设置有控制器，控制器用于根据压缩机1内的油温控制油泵12的通断。
该系统还包括第二管路和第三管路。第二管路的第一端连接至与排气口连通的主管路上，第二端连接至与冷凝器5的冷媒入口连通的主管路上，第二管路包括第一换热管段，第一换热管段设置成盘管形式并且缠绕在储能器11外周，在第二管路上连接有第一电动球阀3和第二电动球阀4，以控制第二管路的通断。第一电动球阀3和第二电动球阀4通过控制器控制
第三管路的第一端连接至与冷凝器5的冷媒出口连通的主管路上，第二端连接至与蒸发器9的冷媒出口连通的主管路上，第三管路包括第二换热管段，第二换热管段与第一换热管段的设置方式相同，在第二换热管段的上游连接有电磁阀6和第二膨胀阀7，冷媒在第三管路的流向如图中箭头所示。
基于上述的控制系统对本发明的控制方法进行描述。
首先对下面实施例中的参数进行定义：X为第一预设油温阈值；T1为储能器内冷冻油油温；T2为压缩机排气温度；T3为压缩机内冷冻油油温；(X-15)为第二预设油温阈值；(X+5)为第三预设油温阈值；(X-5)为第四预设油温阈值。
下面对控制方法进行举例。
(一)启动压缩机前对冷冻油进行预热
具体地，在压缩机启动前，控制器控制油泵和电热器同时开启，使冷冻油在压缩机和储能器之间流通以使二者之间的冷冻油混合，从而使压缩机内冷冻油油温逐渐升高，当压缩机内冷冻油油温达到设定值时，系统发出开机启动信号，压缩机启动，同时可以控制关闭油泵和电热器。若油温达不到X℃，则不关闭油泵和电热器。
(二)调节储能器内冷冻油油温
具体地，压缩机启动200s之后，检测储能器内冷冻油油温T1；
①T1＜X-15，则检测压缩机排气温度T2；
1)若T2＞T1，控制器控制第一电动球阀和第二电动球阀开启以接通第二管路，压缩机排出的部分气态高温制冷剂流经第二管路，经第一换热管段加热储能器内冷冻油，提升储能器内冷冻油油温，当T1＞X+5时，控制第一电动球阀和第二电动球阀关闭。
2)若T2＞T1，且X-15＜T2＜X+5，控制器控制第一电动球阀和第二电动球阀开启以接通第二管路，提升储能器内冷冻油油温，当T1＝T2时，控制第一电动球阀和第二电动球阀关闭。
3)若T2＜T1，控制器控制电热器开启，当T1＞X+5时，控制电热器关闭。
②若X-15＜T1＜X+5，则保持各器件状态不变。
③若T1＞X+5，控制器控制电磁阀开启以接通第三管路，冷媒经第二膨胀阀后流经储能器，从而降低储能器内冷冻油油温，当T1＜X-5时，控制关闭电磁阀。
(三)调节压缩机内冷冻油油温
压缩机启动600S之后，检测压缩机内冷冻油油温T3；
①若T3＜X-15,控制器控制油泵开启以使压缩机内冷冻油和储能器内冷冻油混合，当T3＞X-5时，控制关闭油泵。
②若X-15≤T3≤X+5，则维持现状。
③若T3＞X+5，控制开启油泵，当T3＜X+5时，控制关闭油泵。
(四)机组达到目标水温并停机之后的控制
若T3＜X-15,则控制开启油泵，当T3＞X-5时，控制关闭油泵。当T1＜X，则控制开启电热器，当T1＞X+5，则控制关闭电热器。当X≤T1≤X+5，维持现状。
需要说明的是，本发明中的高于和低于还包含等于临界值的情况。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制系统包括能够通过主管路连通并形成供制冷剂循环流通的压缩机、冷凝器、第一膨胀阀和蒸发器，所述压缩机具有排油口和回油口，
    所述控制系统还包括：
    储能器，其设置有进油口和出油口，所述储能器连接有电热器；
    管路，其包括连接在所述排油口和所述进油口之间的，以及连接在所述回油口和所述出油口之间的第一管路，所述第一管路上设置有油泵，以使冷冻油能够在所述压缩机和所述储能器之间循环流通；
    控制器，其用于根据所述压缩机内的油温控制所述油泵的通断。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统，其特征在于，所述管路还包括第二管路，所述第二管路的第一端连接至所述压缩机的排气口或连接至与所述排气口连通的所述主管路，所述第二管路的第二端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒入口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒入口连通的所述主管路，所述第二管路包括第一换热管段，所述第一换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2中所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统，其特征在于，所述管路还包括第三管路，所述第三管路的第一端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒出口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒出口连通的所述主管路，所述第三管路的第二端连接至所述蒸发器的冷媒出口，或连接至所述压缩机的冷媒入口、或连接至与所述蒸发器的冷媒出口连通的所述主管路，或连接至与所述压缩机的冷媒入口连通的所述主管路，所述第三管路包括第二换热管段，所述第二换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热，
    其中，所述第三管路上设置有第二膨胀阀，所述第二膨胀阀位于所述第二换热管段的上游。
  4. 一种空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，所述控 制方法是基于权利要求1-3中任一项所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制系统的控制方法，
    所述控制方法包括：
    使所述压缩机启动；
    在启动所述压缩机的情形下，调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
    通过所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，“使压缩机启动”的步骤具体包括：
    通过电热器加热储能器内的冷冻油；
    通过储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式预热所述压缩机内的冷冻油；
    在所述压缩机内的冷冻油达到第一预设油温阈值的情形下，使所述压缩机启动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，“调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
    检测所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
    将所述储能器内冷冻油油温分别与第二预设油温阈值和第三预设油温阈值进行比较；
    根据比较结果调节或维持所述储能器内冷冻油油温；
    其中，所述第一预设油温阈值大于所述第二预设油温阈值且小于所述第三预设油温阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，“根据比较结果调节或维持所述储能器内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
    若所述储能器内冷冻油油温低于所述第二预设油温阈值，则检测所述压缩机的排气温度；
    将所述排气温度与所述储能器内冷冻油油温进行比较；
    根据比较结果选择性地接通所述第一管路或所述电热器；或者
    若所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于所述第二预设油温阈值且低于所述第三预设油温阈值，则维持所述第一管路和所述电热器的状态不变；或者
    所述管路还包括第二管路，所述第二管路的第一端连接至所述压缩机的排气口或连接至与所述排气口连通的主管路，所述第二管路的第二端连接至所述冷凝器的冷媒入口或连接至与所述冷凝器的冷媒入口连通的主管路，所述第二管路包括第一换热管段，所述第一换热管段设置成能够和所述储能器换热，若所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于所述第三预设油温阈值，则接通所述第二管路。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，“根据比较结果选择性地接通所述第一管路或所述电热器”的步骤具体包括：
    若所述排气温度高于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，则接通所述第一管路，直至所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于第四预设油温阈值时断开所述第一管路；或者
    若所述排气温度高于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，且所述排气温度高于第二预设油温阈值且低于所述第三预设油温阈值时，则接通所述第一管路以将所述储能器内冷冻油油温升温至所述排气温度；或者
    若所述排气温度低于所述储能器内冷冻油油温，则开启所述电热器，直至所述储能器内冷冻油油温高于第四预设油温阈值时关闭所述电热器，
    其中，所述第四预设油温阈值大于所述第二预设油温阈值且小于所述第一预设油温阈值。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，“通过所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油混合的方式调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温”的步骤具体包括：
    检测所述压缩机内冷冻油油温；
    将所述压缩机内冷冻油油温分别与第二预设油温阈值和第三预设 油温阈值进行比较；
    根据比较结果选择性地接通或断开所述油泵，以使所述储能器内的冷冻油与所述压缩机内的冷冻油能够混合以便调节所述压缩机内冷冻油油温。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的空调压缩机内冷冻油油温控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法还包括：
    在所述压缩机停机后，调节所述储能器内冷冻油油温。
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