WO2021223344A1 - 堆肥反应器 - Google Patents

堆肥反应器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021223344A1
WO2021223344A1 PCT/CN2020/109668 CN2020109668W WO2021223344A1 WO 2021223344 A1 WO2021223344 A1 WO 2021223344A1 CN 2020109668 W CN2020109668 W CN 2020109668W WO 2021223344 A1 WO2021223344 A1 WO 2021223344A1
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aeration
composting
accommodating space
housing
reactor according
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PCT/CN2020/109668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李季
籍延宝
魏雨泉
詹亚斌
吴明
吴凌彦
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中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021223344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223344A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composting reactor, which belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment.
  • the composting reactor initially increases the temperature of the pile and shortens the fermentation process of microorganisms.
  • the shell of the reactor since the shell of the reactor is in direct contact with the outside, it is easy to lose heat, and it needs to be heated continuously, and the heating process requires a lot of energy consumption and is not environmentally friendly.
  • small-volume composting is easy to lose temperature due to its small size, resulting in unsuccessful composting.
  • the market has achieved heat preservation by adding a heat preservation layer or adding a liquid interlayer to the reactor shell, but its effect is weak.
  • some existing compost reactors adopt the principle of external heating, and some of them adopt water bath heating.
  • the existing composting reactor may cause local oxygen levels that are too high or too low, local temperatures are too high, and local humidity is too high or local humidity is too low.
  • the composting process is a microbial aerobic fermentation process.
  • the existing composting devices or composting reactors currently on the market are difficult to dynamically change the initial heating temperature, aeration rate, pile temperature, pile humidity (moisture content), The mixing frequency and mixing period are not conducive to monitoring and controlling the composting process.
  • the composting reactor of the present invention is specially proposed.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composting reactor, which guarantees to the greatest extent that the internal temperature of the composting device is not lost, improves composting efficiency; and can save energy, and at the same time, it is more effective for the stack environment including temperature, humidity, air pressure, and oxygen concentration. control.
  • a composting reactor including:
  • a housing the housing includes an inner housing with a accommodating space and an outer housing with a heat preservation function, and a heat insulation layer is provided between the inner housing and the outer housing;
  • a stirring mechanism at least partially arranged in the accommodating space
  • An aeration mechanism connected to the accommodating space and a control mechanism for controlling aeration temperature, aeration humidity, aeration oxygen concentration, aeration volume, and aeration rate;
  • a leachate collection device arranged in the accommodating space or in communication with the inner casing.
  • a vacuum pump is provided on the outer shell, and the vacuum pump extracts gas between the inner shell and the outer shell to form the heat insulation layer.
  • the stirring mechanism includes a motor arranged outside the casing, a transmission shaft connected to the motor, and a stirring structure arranged on the transmission shaft.
  • the transmission shaft has a hollow structure, and the transmission shaft is partially disposed outside and inside the housing; the aeration mechanism and the control mechanism communicate with the accommodation space through the transmission shaft.
  • the stirring mechanism is a spiral stirring blade, and the stirring mechanism is arranged in the accommodating space.
  • the housing is also provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor connected to the accommodating space.
  • the housing is also provided with a pressure relief valve that communicates with the outside world and the accommodating space.
  • the leachate collecting device is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating space.
  • the leachate collection device includes a filter screen arranged at the bottom of the accommodating space and a percolate collector arranged below the filter screen.
  • the composting reactor of the present invention uses the principle of vacuum insulation, and uses a vacuum layer to isolate the heat exchange between the outside and the composting material, and to ensure that the internal temperature of the composting device is not lost to the greatest extent. Improve composting efficiency.
  • the composting reactor only regulates the stack environment by controlling the aeration process, and can adjust the stack environment through aeration temperature, aeration humidity, aeration oxygen concentration, aeration volume, and aeration rate.
  • the aeration temperature is controlled, that is, a single heat source is used to control the internal temperature of the stack.
  • it saves energy and at the same time more controllable the temperature of the stack (which can be dynamically increased and decreased as needed) .
  • the invention can dynamically adjust the air pressure of the compost environment by adjusting the pressure relief valve and the aeration rate, so that the pile can be fermented under different air pressures.
  • the composting reactor of the present invention can dynamically change the initial heating temperature, aeration volume, aeration rate, stack temperature, stack humidity (moisture content), stirring frequency, and stirring period parameters. Through dynamic modification, it is convenient to carry out many aspects. Process optimization research.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composting reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stirring mechanism shown in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the composting reactor shown in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a housing 1 for holding and heat preservation, a stirring mechanism 2 at least partially disposed in the housing 1, and a housing 1
  • the connected aeration mechanism 3 and the control mechanism 4 for controlling aeration temperature, aeration humidity, aeration oxygen concentration, aeration volume, aeration rate, and a permeation mechanism arranged in or connected to the housing 1 Filtrate collection device.
  • the housing 1 includes an inner housing 11 with an accommodating space and an outer housing 12 with a heat preservation function, and a heat insulating layer 13 is provided between the inner housing 11 and the outer housing 12.
  • a vacuum pump 5 is provided on the outer shell 12, and the vacuum pump 5 extracts gas between the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 12 to form the heat insulation layer 13.
  • the vacuum pump 5 can be used to work regularly to ensure that the vacuum pressure is within a certain range, and to ensure that the temperature of the accommodating space is less lost.
  • the stirring mechanism 2 of this embodiment includes a motor 21 provided outside the housing 1, a transmission shaft 22 connected to the motor 21, and a stirring structure 23 provided on the transmission shaft 22.
  • One end of the transmission shaft 22 is connected with the motor 21, and the other end extends into the accommodating space and is connected with a screw-type stirring blade 23.
  • the transmission shaft 22 is a hollow structure, and the aeration mechanism 3 and the aeration control mechanism (which can control the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, aeration volume, and aeration rate) 4 pass through the transmission shaft 22 is in communication with the accommodating space, and a plurality of air holes 230 are opened on the spiral stirring blade 23 for the discharge of aeration.
  • the aeration control mechanism 4 includes a heater, a condenser, and a humidifier. Aeration is performed through the hollow transmission shaft 22 and the screw-type stirring blade 23, and the gas temperature and humidity can be raised and lowered by the heater, condenser, and The humidifier is dynamically adjusted.
  • the temperature of the stack can also be controlled by the air temperature in the aeration process
  • the humidity of the stack can be controlled by the humidity of the air
  • the oxygen concentration of the stack can be controlled by the oxygen concentration of the air.
  • this embodiment adopts the spiral stirring slurry 23, which can realize the up-and-down movement of the material while stirring, which facilitates the uniform mixing of the material and the gas.
  • the composting reactor adopts the methods of outer insulation, internal gas heating and aeration and stirring, and the thermal energy of the entire device is controlled only by gas, which can achieve a more controllable temperature compared with traditional temperature increasing measures.
  • the percolate collecting device is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating space, and includes a filter screen 6 arranged at the bottom of the accommodating space and a percolate collector 7 arranged below the filter screen 6.
  • the housing 1 is also provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor (the aforementioned sensor number 8) connected to the accommodating space.
  • the housing 1 is also provided with a pressure relief valve 9 that communicates with the outside world and the accommodating space.
  • the composting reactor of the present invention uses the principle of vacuum insulation, and uses a vacuum layer to isolate the heat exchange between the outside and the composting material, so as to ensure that the internal temperature of the composting device is not lost to the greatest extent and improve the composting efficiency.
  • the composting reactor regulates the stack environment only by controlling the aeration process, and can adjust the stack environment through the temperature of aeration, the humidity of aeration, the concentration of aeration oxygen, the amount of aeration, and the rate of aeration.
  • the aeration temperature is controlled, that is, a single heat source is used to control the internal temperature of the stack. Compared with the use of heating the periphery of the device, it saves energy, and at the same time, the temperature of the stack is more controllable (increased and lowered as needed).
  • the composting reactor of the present invention can dynamically change the initial heating temperature, aeration volume, aeration rate, stack temperature, stack humidity (moisture content), stack pressure, stirring frequency, and stirring period parameters. Through dynamic modification, It is convenient to conduct various process optimization research.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种堆肥反应器，其包括：壳体(1)，所述壳体(1)包括具有容置空间的内壳体(11)和具有保温功能的外壳体(12)，所述内壳体(11)和外壳体(12)之间设有隔热层(13)；至少部分设置在所述容置空间内的搅拌机构(2)；与所述容置空间连接的曝气机构(3)和用于控制曝气温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率的控制机构(4)；以及，设置在所述容置空间内或者与所述内壳体(11)连通的渗滤液收集装置。该堆肥反应器最大程度的保证了堆肥装置内部温度不散失，提高堆肥效率；并能节约能源，同时该堆肥反应器仅通过控制曝气过程来调控堆体环境，可通过曝气的温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率来调节堆体环境，使得堆体环境更加可控。

Description

堆肥反应器
本申请要求了申请日为2020年05月07日，申请号为202010376497.2的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种堆肥反应器，属于环保设备领域。
背景技术
目前，堆肥反应器为了提高堆肥的效率，初始阶段会对堆体进行增温，缩短微生物的发酵过程。但升温后由于反应器外壳直接与外界接触，很容易散失热量，需要不断地进行增温，而增温过程需要大量的能源消耗，并不环保。另外，小体积堆肥由于体积小，容易温度散失，导致堆肥不能成功。为了克服这个困难，市场上有通过在反应器外壳增加保温层或者增加液体夹层来实现保温，但其效果较弱。为了实现堆肥环境温度控制，现有堆肥反应器部分采用外源加热原理，部分加热采用水浴加热，但是水浴加热升温容易，由于水的比热容比较大，降温和温度控制很难达到一定精度。此外，还有利用电阻丝线管缠绕在发酵装置外侧进行加热的方式，可以控制装置外壁温度，但此种方式只能控制发酵装置外围温度，堆体内部由于有外部曝气的空气，外围加热和曝气气体一共两种热源，温度很难控制。并且，现有的堆肥反应器中的内部加热方式采用加热板，但加热板是一个平面，温度高的时候可能造成堆肥材料糊焦，同时对整个堆体的加热过程不均匀，不利于堆肥发酵。同时，现有的堆肥反应器会造成局部氧气过高或过低、局部温度过高和局部湿度过大或局部湿度过小的问题。另外，堆肥过程是一个微生物好氧发酵过程，目前市面上已有的堆肥装置或堆肥反应器很难做到动态更改初始加热温度、曝气量、堆体温度、堆体湿度(含水率)、搅拌频率、搅拌周期，不利于对堆肥过程进行监测和控制。
为解决上述问题，特提出本发明的堆肥反应器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种堆肥反应器，其最大程度的保证了堆肥装置内 部温度不散失，提高堆肥效率；并能节约能源，同时对堆体环境包括温度、湿度、气压、氧气浓度更加可控。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种堆肥反应器，包括：
壳体，所述壳体包括具有容置空间的内壳体和具有保温功能的外壳体，所述内壳体和外壳体之间设有隔热层；
至少部分设置在所述容置空间内的搅拌机构；
与所述容置空间连接的曝气机构和用于控制曝气温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率的控制机构；
以及，设置在所述容置空间内或者与所述内壳体连通的渗滤液收集装置。
进一步地，所述外壳体上设有真空泵，所述真空泵抽取所述内壳体和外壳体之间的气体，以形成所述隔热层。
进一步地，所述搅拌机构包括设置在所述壳体外的电机、与所述电机连接的传动轴，以及设置在所述传动轴上的搅拌结构。
进一步地，所述传动轴为中空结构，且所述传动轴部分设置在所述壳体外和内壳体内；所述曝气机构和控制机构通过所述传动轴与所述容置空间连通。
进一步地，所述搅拌机构为螺旋式搅拌桨叶，所述搅拌机构设置在所述容置空间内。
进一步地，所述螺旋式搅拌桨叶上开设有若干气孔。
进一步地，所述壳体上还设有与所述容置空间连接的压力传感器、温度传感器和湿度传感器。
进一步地，所述壳体上还设有连通外界和所述容置空间的泄压阀。
进一步地，所述渗滤液收集装置设置在所述容置空间的底部。
进一步地，所述渗滤液收集装置包括设置在所述容置空间底部的滤网和设置在所述滤网下方的渗滤液收集器。
与现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明的堆肥反应器利用真空隔热的原理，利用真空层隔绝了外界和堆肥材料的热量交换，最大程度的保证了堆肥装置内部温度不散失，提高堆肥效率。同时，该堆肥反应器仅通过控制曝气 过程来调控堆体环境，可通过曝气的温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率来调节堆体环境。例如采用控制曝气温度，即单一热源控制堆体内部温度，相比对装置外围进行加热的利用方式，其更节约能源，同时对堆体温度更加可控(根据需要可动态升高和降低)。
本发明可通过调节泄压阀和曝气量动态调节堆肥环境的气压，让堆体在不同的气压下进行发酵。
并且，本发明的堆肥反应器可以动态更改初始加热温度、曝气量、曝气速率、堆体温度、堆体湿度(含水率)、搅拌频率、搅拌周期参数，通过动态修改，便于进行多方面的工艺优化研究。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例所示的堆肥反应器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例所示的搅拌机构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
需要说明的是：本发明的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等用语只是参考附图对本发明进行说明，不作为限定用语。
请参见图1和图2，本发明一实施例所示的堆肥反应器，包括：起容纳作用和保温作用的壳体1、至少部分设置在壳体1内的搅拌机构2、与壳体1连接的曝气机构3和用于控制曝气温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率的控制机构4，以及设置在壳体1内或与壳体1连通的渗滤液收集装置。具体的，该壳体1包括具有容置空间的内壳体11和具有保温功能的外壳体12，所述内壳体11和外壳体12之间设有隔热层13。在本实施例中，外壳体12上设有真空泵5，所述真空泵5抽取所述内壳体11和外壳体12之间的气体，以形成所述 隔热层13。采用真空泵5，可以定时工作保证真空压力在一定范围内，保证容置空间温度较少的散失。
本实施例的搅拌机构2包括设置在所述壳体1外的电机21、与所述电机21连接的传动轴22，以及设置在所述传动轴22上的搅拌结构23。传动轴22一端与电机21连接，另一端伸入至容置空间内且连接有螺旋式搅拌桨叶23。在本实施例中，传动轴22为中空结构，曝气机构3和曝气的控制机构(可控制曝气的温度、湿度、氧气浓度、曝气量和曝气速率)4通过所述传动轴22与所述容置空间连通，并且，在该螺旋式搅拌桨叶23上开设有多个气孔230，用于曝气的排出。本实施例中，曝气控制机构4包括加热器、冷凝器、加湿器，通过中空传动轴22与螺旋式搅拌桨叶23进行曝气，且气体温度、湿度的升降可由加热器、冷凝器以及加湿器进行动态调节。同时，还可以通过曝气过程的空气温度来控制堆体温度，通过空气的湿度来控制堆体湿度，通过空气的氧气浓度来控制堆体氧气浓度。并且，本实施例采用螺旋式搅拌浆液23，可以在搅拌的同时，实现物料的上下翻动，便于物料与气体的均匀混合。进一步的，该堆肥反应器通过外层保温、内源气体加热和曝气搅拌的方式，整个装置的热能仅通过气体控制，相比传统的增温措施，能够实现温度更加可控。
在本实施例中，渗滤液收集装置设置在所述容置空间的底部，其包括设置在所述容置空间底部的滤网6和设置在所述滤网6下方的渗滤液收集器7。
在本实施例中，所述壳体1上还设有与所述容置空间连接的压力传感器、温度传感器和湿度传感器(上述传感器编号8)。同时，所述壳体1上还设有连通外界和所述容置空间的泄压阀9。通过设置上述传感器，可以监测堆肥过程的初始加热温度、曝气量、堆体温度、堆体湿度(含水率)、搅拌频率、搅拌周期。并且，本实施例的堆肥反应器的壳体1仅能通过唯一设置的盖体10打开，同时，在盖体10上集成设置有用于对各电气装置进行控制的集成控制面板，以便于使用者进行操作。
综上所述：本发明的堆肥反应器利用真空隔热的原理，利用真空层隔绝了外界和堆肥材料的热量交换，最大程度的保证了堆肥装置内部温度不散失，提 高堆肥效率。该堆肥反应器仅通过控制曝气过程来调控堆体环境，可通过曝气的温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率来调节堆体环境。例如采用控制曝气温度，即单一热源控制堆体内部温度，相比对装置外围进行加热的利用方式，其更节约能源，同时对堆体温度更加可控(根据需要可升高和降低)。
并且，本发明的堆肥反应器可以动态更改初始加热温度、曝气量、曝气速率、堆体温度、堆体湿度(含水率)、堆体气压、搅拌频率、搅拌周期参数，通过动态修改，便于进行多方面的工艺优化研究。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种堆肥反应器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体包括具有容置空间的内壳体和具有保温功能的外壳体，所述内壳体和外壳体之间设有隔热层；
    至少部分设置在所述容置空间内的搅拌机构；
    与所述容置空间连接的曝气机构和用于控制曝气温度、曝气湿度、曝气氧气浓度、曝气量、曝气速率的控制机构；
    以及，设置在所述容置空间内或者与所述内壳体连通的渗滤液收集装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述外壳体上设有真空泵，所述真空泵抽取所述内壳体和外壳体之间的气体，以形成所述隔热层。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述搅拌机构包括设置在所述壳体外的电机、与所述电机连接的传动轴，以及设置在所述传动轴上的搅拌结构。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述传动轴为中空结构，且所述传动轴部分设置在所述壳体外和内壳体内；所述曝气机构和控制机构通过所述传动轴与所述容置空间连通。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述搅拌机构为螺旋式搅拌桨叶，所述搅拌机构设置在所述容置空间内。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述螺旋式搅拌桨叶上开设有若干气孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述壳体上还设有与所述容置空间连接的压力传感器、温度传感器和湿度传感器。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述壳体上还设有连通外界和所述容置空间的泄压阀。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述渗滤液收集装置设置在所述容置空间的底部。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的堆肥反应器，其特征在于，所述渗滤液收集装置包括设置在所述容置空间底部的滤网和设置在所述滤网下方的渗滤液收集器。
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