WO2021219291A1 - Boîte de soufflante pour la précontrainte thermique de vitres - Google Patents

Boîte de soufflante pour la précontrainte thermique de vitres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021219291A1
WO2021219291A1 PCT/EP2021/057167 EP2021057167W WO2021219291A1 WO 2021219291 A1 WO2021219291 A1 WO 2021219291A1 EP 2021057167 W EP2021057167 W EP 2021057167W WO 2021219291 A1 WO2021219291 A1 WO 2021219291A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blow box
cavity
channels
glass
blow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/057167
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Samir SALAMEH
Achim ZEICHNER
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202180001888.9A priority Critical patent/CN113891863A/zh
Publication of WO2021219291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021219291A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/0404—Nozzles, blow heads, blowing units or their arrangements, specially adapted for flat or bent glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
    • C03B23/0252—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity by gravity only, e.g. sagging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/044—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position
    • C03B27/0442—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position for bent glass sheets
    • C03B27/0445—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position for bent glass sheets the quench unit being adapted to the bend of the sheet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a blow box and a device containing it for the thermal toughening of glass panes, as well as a toughening method implemented therewith.
  • thermal hardening of glass panes has been known for a long time. It is also often referred to as thermal toughening or annealing.
  • thermal toughening or annealing Purely by way of example, reference is made to the patent documents GB 505188 A, DE 710690 A, DE 808880 B, DE 1056333 A from the 1930s to 1950s.
  • a heated glass pane is exposed to a stream of air, which leads to rapid cooling (quenching) of the glass pane.
  • glass breakage does not occur in the form of large, sharp-edged fragments, but in the form of small, blunt fragments, which significantly reduces the risk of injury.
  • thermally pre-stressed glass panes are used as so-called single-pane safety glass in the vehicle sector, in particular as rear windows and side windows.
  • the panes are typically curved.
  • the bending and pretensioning are combined: the pane is softened by heating, brought into the desired curved shape and then subjected to the cooling air flow, whereby the pretensioning is established.
  • So-called quench boxes quench head are used here, to which the air flow is fed by fans and which distribute the air flow as evenly as possible over the pane surface.
  • Pre-tensioning devices such as those used for pre-tensioning vehicle windows, are equipped with blow boxes in which the air flow is divided into different channels, each of which is closed with a nozzle bar.
  • the nozzle bars have a single row of nozzles that are aimed at the pane of glass and that direct the air flow Divide each channel again and apply the air flow, which is now distributed over a large area, to the glass pane.
  • the curved glass pane is typically moved between an upper and a lower blow box, and the blow boxes are then brought closer to one another and the pane surfaces for toughening.
  • the overall device with the two blow boxes is often referred to as a prestressing station. Blow boxes of this type with nozzle strips are disclosed, for example, in DE 3612720 C2, DE 3924402 C1, DE 3612720 A1 and US9611166B2 A1.
  • DE 3924402 C1 discloses a device for thermal toughening of glass panes with a lower and an upper blow box.
  • U-shaped sheet metal channels are arranged between the channels (nozzle bars) of the lower blow box, through which any glass fragments can be easily removed.
  • the sheet metal gutters are mounted on flat strips, which in turn are exposed to the cavity of the blow box and which shade the sheet metal gutters from the air flow.
  • FR 2024397 A1 discloses a further device for the thermal toughening of glass panes. Connecting sections between adjacent ducts of the upper blow box are curved and in turn are each mounted on a connecting web, the opposite plane surface of which is exposed to the cavity of the blow box and shade said connecting sections from the air flow.
  • US 3294519 A1 discloses a further device for the thermal toughening of glass panes.
  • the mutually facing channel walls of adjacent channels and the connecting section located between them are formed in one piece by corresponding bending of a sheet metal. Due to the manufacturing process, this results in a curved connecting section which is exposed in relation to the cavity of the blow box.
  • a higher efficiency makes it possible, for example, to achieve a higher cooling rate of the glass panes with the same intensity of the air flow. This makes it possible to take current trends in the vehicle industry into account, in which ever thinner glass panes are used or in which glass is required to be bent at ever lower temperatures in order to increase the optical quality. Both of these factors mean that the glass pane has to be quenched to a greater extent in order to cope with the necessary temperature differences between the pane surfaces and to produce the disc core.
  • a higher efficiency makes it possible to produce the same biasing effect with a less powerful air flow. In this way, energy can be saved during pre-tensioning, which is advantageous both in terms of costs and in terms of environmental and climate protection.
  • the blow box offers less resistance to the air flow, there is less pressure loss and the air flow that ultimately hits the glass pane has a higher pressure.
  • the pressure is proportional to the square of the flow velocity. Since the highest flow velocity occurs within the nozzles of the blow box, where the air flow is maximally compressed, it is obvious that the design of the nozzles has the essential influence on the achievable pressure. Efforts to date to improve the prestressing efficiency have consequently concentrated in particular on optimizing the nozzle geometry.
  • DE 3612720 A1 and WO2018015108A1 disclose nozzles which have a tapering section at their gas inlet opening in order to optimize the flow in the nozzles.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a blow box of the type mentioned at the beginning, which has an improved efficiency and, in particular, opposes a lower flow resistance to the air flow.
  • the blow box for thermal toughening of glass panes comprises at least
  • the connecting surfaces are convex.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention does not, unlike previous approaches, relate to the geometry of the nozzles, but rather to the geometric configuration of the cavity at the entrance of the channels.
  • the connecting surfaces are designed as flat surfaces on which the gas flow impinges essentially perpendicularly. The inventors have found that the convex design of the connecting surfaces leads to a significant increase in efficiency. That is the great advantage of the invention.
  • Prestressing stations are typically devices with two opposing gas supply lines, which can be equipped with exchangeable blow boxes.
  • the blow boxes are used to pressurize the surface of a glass pane for thermal toughening.
  • the blow boxes serve in particular to distribute the gas flow from the glass feed line as evenly as possible over the surface of the glass pane.
  • the blow box is a device with an inner cavity that has a large opening.
  • the cavity is open over its entire surface in one direction.
  • the opening of the cavity is surrounded by a fastening device which is suitable and provided for connecting the blow box to a gas supply line.
  • the fastening device is typically designed in the manner of a flange, that is to say as a planar section which is arranged as a whole in one plane, in particular as a circumferential flange.
  • the gas supply line typically has a terminal box that is also fully open, the opening of which is surrounded by a suitable fastening device. In order to connect the blower box to the gas supply line, the fastening device of the gas supply line and the flange of the blower box are connected to one another.
  • the fastening device of the gas supply line can also be designed as a flange and can be connected to the flange of the blow box, for example by screws, clamps or a hinged lock.
  • the fastening device the gas supply line can also be designed as a cassette-like insert into which the flange of the blow box is inserted.
  • other fastening devices are also conceivable. If the blow box is connected to the gas supply line, a gas flow from the gas supply line can be conducted or flow into the cavity through the opening.
  • the fastening device is followed by a cover which surrounds the cavity adjacent to its opening.
  • the cover is typically made of plates or sheets, for example made of steel or aluminum.
  • the gas supply line includes a pipe system through which the gas flow is supplied to the box.
  • the pipe system is typically equipped with one or more fans (especially those connected in series) which generate the gas flow.
  • the pipe system can preferably be closed, for example by means of a slide or a flap, so that the gas flow into the inner cavity can be interrupted without switching off the fans themselves.
  • the blow box according to the invention has a plurality of channels which are typically connected to the cavity opposite the opening for the gas supply line. During operation, the gas flow is divided into the channels. Inside the blow box there is therefore a transition from the cavity into a plurality of channels in order to divide the gas flow from the cavity into the channels.
  • the channels can also be referred to as nozzle webs, nozzle fins or nozzle ribs.
  • the channels typically have an elongated, essentially rectangular cross-section, the longer dimension (width) essentially corresponding to the width of the cavity.
  • the shorter dimension (thickness) is typically in the range from 0.5 cm to 7 cm, in particular from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.
  • the distances between adjacent channels is likewise typically in the range from 0.5 cm to 7 cm, in particular from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm.
  • the channels are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the number of channels is typically from 10 to 50.
  • the channels are formed by channel walls and are delimited by these, which are typically designed as metal sheets or plates.
  • the cavity is preferably designed like a wedge or has a wedge-like area to which the channels are connected.
  • the border of the canals The cavity can be described as two side surfaces that converge at an acute angle.
  • the channels typically run perpendicular to the connecting line of said side surfaces. Consequently, the length of a channel is not constant, but increases from the center to the sides, so that the inlet opening of the channel connected to the cavity is wedge-shaped and spans the outlet opening into a smooth surface.
  • the outlet openings of all channels typically form a common smooth surface.
  • Said smooth surface is preferably curved if curved nozzle strips are used, as is customary, for example, for pretensioning curved vehicle windows.
  • Each channel is closed off at its end opposite the cavity with a nozzle strip which, for example, is screwed to the channel walls (in particular metal sheets or plates) of the channel or is inserted into a fastening rail.
  • the nozzle bar has a plurality of feedthroughs, which are referred to as nozzles.
  • the gas flow of the duct is in turn divided by the nozzles in the nozzle bar.
  • the nozzle bar preferably has a single row of nozzle openings which are arranged essentially along a line. But there are also known nozzle strips with several rows of nozzles or staggered nozzles.
  • the row of nozzle openings preferably extends over at least 80% of the length of the nozzle bar.
  • the gas flow is thus first divided into the channels and, starting from each channel, is divided again into the nozzles. With blow boxes of this type, high pretensioning efficiencies can be achieved, which is why they are used in particular for pretensioning vehicle windows.
  • the blow box thus divides the gas flow from the pipe system of the gas supply line with a comparatively small cross section via the channels and nozzles over a large effective area.
  • the nozzle openings represent discrete gas outlet points which, however, are present in large numbers and are evenly distributed so that all areas of the surface are cooled essentially simultaneously and evenly, so that the pane is provided with a homogeneous pretension.
  • the nozzles are bores or feedthroughs that extend through the entire nozzle bar.
  • the nozzles are connected to the cavity or connected to the cavity via the channels, so that gas can flow from the cavity through the nozzles in order to subject the surface of a glass pane with a gas flow.
  • Each nozzle has an inlet opening (nozzle inlet) through which the gas stream enters the nozzle, and an opposite outlet opening (nozzle opening) through which the gas stream exits the nozzle (and the entire blow box).
  • the surface of the nozzle bar with the inlet openings faces the channels and the cavity of the blow box and that surface with the nozzle openings faces away from it and, when used as intended, faces the glass pane.
  • the surface of the glass pane is subjected to a stream of air through the nozzle openings as intended.
  • the nozzles can advantageously have a section adjoining the inlet opening and tapering in the direction of the outlet opening in order to guide the air efficiently and fluidically favorably into the respective nozzle, as shown, for example, in DE 3612720 A1.
  • the flow efficiency of the blow box according to the invention is thereby further improved.
  • nozzle strips are used which are adapted to the glass pane in terms of their contour in order to ensure the essentially same small distance between the glass pane and the nozzles over the entire pane surface.
  • the nozzle strips and the outlet openings of the channels to which the nozzle strips are connected are curved.
  • Two blow boxes with complementary curved nozzle strips are used within a prestressing station. The surface with the outlet openings of one blow box is convexly curved and is directed towards the concave surface of the glass pane, the surface with the outlet openings of the other blow box is concave and is directed towards the convex surface of the glass pane.
  • the nozzle strips are preferably made of aluminum or steel. These materials are easy to work with and provide advantageous stability in long-term use. However, the nozzle strips can also be made of plastic, which is preferably stable up to a temperature of about 250.degree. The plastic must have the necessary temperature stability for the intended use, the outflowing gas has temperatures of over 200 ° C. Suitable plastics are, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), polyimide or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • EPM ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the nozzle openings preferably have a diameter of 4 mm to 15 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm, very particularly preferably 6 mm to 8 mm, for example 6 mm or 8 mm.
  • the distance between adjacent nozzle openings is preferably from 10 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably from 20 mm to 40 mm, for example 30 mm. This achieves good pretensioning results.
  • the distance between the respective center points of the nozzle openings is referred to here as the distance.
  • the length and width of the nozzle bar depends on the design of the blow box. Typical values for the length of a nozzle bar (measured along the direction of extent of the nozzle row) are from 70 cm to 150 cm and for the width / depth (measured perpendicular to the length in the plane of the nozzle openings) from 8 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm up to 12 mm.
  • a connecting web is arranged between adjacent channels.
  • the channels are therefore separated from one another by connecting webs.
  • the connecting webs can be designed as metal sheets or plates or as solid or hollow bodies.
  • the surface of the connecting webs facing the cavity is referred to as the connecting surface in the context of the invention.
  • the connecting surface runs from the inlet opening of one channel to the inlet opening of the adjacent channel. The area between two adjacent channels is thus completely bridged by the connecting surface.
  • each channel wall and each connecting web is designed as a separate element, with each connecting web being mechanically connected to the adjacent channel walls, in particular by a manufacturing joining process, for example by welding, soldering, clinching, screwing, riveting, stapling or gluing.
  • a connecting web is thus arranged in each case between adjacent channels, with one channel wall of each channel adjoining the connecting web.
  • These two channel walls and the connecting web are not formed in one piece, but are each provided as a separate element (component), the two channel walls being mechanically connected to the connecting web.
  • the constructive, mechanical connection is in particular a fixed or rigid, that is to say non-movable connection.
  • the connecting surfaces are convex.
  • the connecting surfaces are therefore not designed as planar surfaces which run essentially perpendicular to the direction in which the ducts extend, as is the case with conventional blow boxes. Instead, the connecting surfaces have a convex shape which protrudes into the cavity. This means that the connecting surface has a central section which extends further into the cavity than the edge sections adjacent to the channels.
  • the convex connecting surfaces are for the most part exposed to the cavity, so that the gas flow hits the connecting surfaces directly.
  • “mostly” it is meant here that the advantageous effect on the prestressing efficiency still occurs when smaller areas of the connecting surfaces are shaded from the gas flow.
  • “Usually” means in particular that the convex connecting surfaces are exposed over at least 50% of their length to the cavity and the gas flow, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90%, very particularly preferably over their entire length (100% of their length).
  • the exposed portions of the connecting surfaces are in particular exposed over their entire width to the cavity.
  • at least 50% of the total surface of the connecting surfaces is exposed to the cavity, particularly preferably at least 75%, very particularly preferably at least 90% and in particular 100%.
  • the length of the connecting webs is understood to mean the dimension which extends along the channels.
  • the width of the connecting webs is understood to mean the dimension which extends between the adjacent channels perpendicular to them.
  • the length of the connecting webs typically corresponds essentially to the channel width of the adjacent channels.
  • the width of the connecting webs typically corresponds to the distance between the adjacent channels.
  • the dimensions of the channels are used as follows in the context of the invention.
  • the dimension along the intended gas flow direction between the inlet opening (from the one adjoining the connecting webs) and the one from the nozzle bar closed) outlet opening of the channels is referred to as length (channel length).
  • the (typically longer) dimension perpendicular to the gas flow direction, which extends along the connecting webs, is referred to as the width (channel width).
  • the (typically shorter) dimension perpendicular to the gas flow direction, which extends perpendicular to the connecting webs and channels, is referred to as the thickness (channel thickness).
  • the thickness thus extends between the channel walls of a channel, which are connected to the adjacent connecting webs, while the width runs parallel to the channel walls and adjacent connecting webs. In this sense, the length dimension of the nozzle strips runs along the width dimension of the channels, and the width dimension of the nozzle strips along the thickness dimension of the channels.
  • the connecting webs per se can be designed in one piece or in several parts.
  • a one-piece connecting web can be formed, for example, from a sheet metal which is bent, as a result of which the convex connecting surface is created.
  • a multi-part connecting web can be formed, for example, from a conventional planar connecting web to which an element with the convex connecting surface is applied, for example welded, glued or screwed on.
  • connection surfaces of the blow box have the convex shape. Then the efficiency-increasing effect is maximally achieved and an even pressure distribution among the channels is achieved.
  • the connection surfaces are convex, that is to say at least a subgroup, subset or subset of the entirety of the connection surfaces.
  • a majority (a large part) of the connection surfaces is preferably convex (ie more than 50% of the connection surfaces), particularly preferably at least 80% of the connection surfaces, very particularly preferably all connection surfaces.
  • a convex shape of the connecting surfaces is characterized in particular by the fact that they have an apex line, which is understood to mean a line that extends maximally in the Cavity protrudes.
  • the apex line thus has the greatest (vertical) distance to the plane of the inlet openings of the channels.
  • the apex line appears as an apex which has the greatest (vertical) distance from a straight line through the edge points of the connecting surface at the inlet openings of the adjacent channels.
  • the apex line is preferably a straight line (straight line section in the geometric sense) which runs parallel to the adjacent side edge of the channels.
  • the apex line protrudes maximally into the cavity and, starting from the apex line, the connecting surface slopes down in the direction of the adjacent channels.
  • the connecting surface thus has two flanks which are arranged on both sides of the apex line and which, starting from the apex line, slope in the direction of the adjoining channels. This means that the (vertical) distance between the flank and the plane of the inlet openings of the channels decreases as the distance from the apex line increases. When viewed in cross section, the (vertical) distance between the flank and a straight line through the edge points of the connecting surface at the inlet openings of the adjacent channels decreases with increasing distance from the apex.
  • the descriptive expression “fall off” therefore refers to a configuration with the apex line pointing upwards.
  • an angle can be determined which is enclosed by the direction of flow of the gas in the cavity and the tangential plane (viewed in cross section: the tangent) of the connecting surface at this point.
  • the section of the tangent that extends from the point in the direction pointing away from the apex line is to be used to determine the angle.
  • Said angle is greater than 90 ° at each point on the flank. Since the gas inlet opening of the cavity is typically opposite the channels, the direction of flow in the cavity corresponds to the direction of flow in the channels. Only on the apex line is the angle between the direction of flow of the gas in the cavity and the tangent of the connecting surface 90 °.
  • the convex connecting surfaces are designed symmetrically, so that the apex lines run in the middle of the connecting surface and their distances from the two adjacent channels are the same.
  • the convex connecting surfaces had a symmetrical cross section.
  • the convex connecting surfaces are convexly curved. This achieves particularly good results.
  • the connecting surfaces can, for example, have a triangular cross-section or other cross-sections that are composed of planar subsections, as long as the shape is convex overall and in particular have an apex line.
  • a symmetrical, convexly curved connecting surface can, for example, have the cross section of an arc of a circle, an arc of an ellipse, a parabola or some other type of section of an oval.
  • the central angle of the circular arc or elliptical arc is preferably less than or equal to 180 °, preferably from 90 ° to 180 °. If the central angle of the circular arc or elliptical arc is 180 °, the result is the cross-section of a semicircle or a semi-ellipse, which is particularly preferred because edges at the inlet opening of the channels, at which gas vortices could form, are completely avoided.
  • cross-section of the connecting surface is mentioned, then within the meaning of the invention the cross-section is always meant in a sectional plane which is arranged perpendicular to the channels and contains the direction of gas flow in the channels.
  • all of the connecting surfaces have the same shape.
  • the gas flow is distributed particularly evenly between the channels.
  • this does not have to be the case - there can also be differently designed connection surfaces. Therefore, the aforementioned preferred configurations (convexly curved connecting surface, symmetrical connecting surface, specific cross-sections) each relate to some of the connecting surfaces, preferably to the majority of the connecting surfaces, particularly preferably to all of the connecting surfaces.
  • the convex connecting surfaces are preferably designed in such a way that they do not extend mushroom-like over the channel inlet openings and partially cover them.
  • the cavity has larger dimensions than the entirety of the channels and their interstices.
  • the channels are connected to a side surface of the cavity.
  • the entirety of the channel inlet openings and the connecting webs in between define a connection surface.
  • the cavity can alternatively have a section with larger dimensions than the entirety of the channels and their interspaces, which is adjoined by a wedge-shaped section which in turn opens into the channels. Then the side face of the wedge-shaped area which faces the cuboid area defines the connection area.
  • the cavity or cavity area then has a greater length and / or width than the connection surface, so that there is at least one edge area of the blow box cover which is not arranged between the channels and forms an angle greater than 0 ° with the direction of gas flow, i.e. the gas flow opposes.
  • Said side surface of the cavity or cavity region is larger than the connection surface, so that an edge region of the cavity or cavity region is closed off by a cover which has a surface facing the cavity that is directly adjacent to the connection surface.
  • the edge area surrounds the connection surface, i.e. the entirety of the channels, at least in sections: it can be present all around the entirety of the channels and their spaces or only adjacent to part of the entirety of the channels, for example along two opposite side edges. In other words, the edge area of the entirety of the channels is arranged adjacent, so that the connection surface directly adjoins the edge area.
  • the edge area has a surface facing the cavity.
  • the surface of the said marginal area is designed as a flat surface which is arranged plane-parallel to the flat connecting surfaces.
  • Such a marginal area can also hinder the efficient flow of gas into the channels, presumably through the formation of eddies.
  • the marginal area is designed sloping from the side edge of the blow box in the direction of the channels, so that the depth of the cavity in the gas flow direction is greater from the outside to the inside, i.e. starting from the side edge of the blow box up to the channels.
  • the angle that the gas flow direction includes with the tangential plane at the edge area is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 ° at each point of the edge area.
  • Said surface can be designed, for example, as a flat inclined surface or as a curved sloping surface, preferably as a concavely curved sloping surface.
  • the invention also includes a device for thermal toughening of glass panes, comprising a first blow box according to the invention, which is connected to a first gas supply line via its fastening device, and a second blow box according to the invention which is connected to a second gas supply line via its fastening device.
  • the first blow box and the second blow box are arranged opposite one another so that their respective nozzle strips face one another.
  • the blow boxes are spaced apart so that a sheet of glass can be placed between them.
  • the nozzles of the first blow box point essentially downwards and the nozzles of the second blow box (lower blow box) point essentially upwards.
  • a glass pane can then advantageously be moved horizontally between the blow boxes.
  • the nozzles are aligned approximately perpendicular to the glass surface.
  • the device also comprises means for moving a glass pane, which are suitable for moving a glass pane into the space between the two blow boxes and out of said space again.
  • a rail, roller or treadmill system for example, can be used for this purpose.
  • the means for moving the glass pane comprise a frame shape on which the glass pane is mounted during transport, as well as a transport system for moving the frame shape, for example a rail, roller or treadmill system.
  • the frame shape has a circumferential, frame-like support surface on which the side edge of the glass pane rests, while the main part of the pane surface has no direct contact with the support surface.
  • blow box according to the invention apply in the same way to the device according to the invention.
  • the relative arrangement of the nozzle openings of the blow boxes is preferably adapted to the shape of the pane to be prestressed.
  • the nozzle openings of one blow box span a convex curved surface and the nozzle openings of the opposite blow box span a concave curved surface.
  • the strength of the curvature also depends on the shape of the pane.
  • the convex blow box faces the concave surface of the disc and the concave blow box faces the convex surface. This allows the nozzle opening to be positioned closer to the glass surface, which increases the tempering efficiency. Since the discs are usually concave with upward Surface are transported to the prestressing station, the upper blow box is preferably convex and the lower one is concave.
  • the device preferably also comprises means for changing the distance between the first and second blow box.
  • the blow boxes can be moved relative to one another and away from one another. Both blow boxes are preferably moved simultaneously towards or away from one another.
  • the pre-tensioning efficiency can be increased by the movable blow boxes. After the glass pane has been moved between the blow boxes in the further spaced-apart state, the spacing of the blow boxes from one another and thus from the glass pane is reduced, as a result of which a stronger gas flow can be generated on the glass surface. The distance is then increased again and the glass pane is moved out of the space between the blow boxes.
  • the invention also comprises an arrangement for the thermal toughening of glass panes, comprising the device according to the invention and a glass pane arranged between the two blow boxes.
  • the invention also includes a method of thermally toughening a sheet of glass, wherein
  • a heated glass pane which has two main surfaces and a circumferential side edge, flat between the first blow box and the second blow box of a device according to the invention, so that each main surface faces a blow box
  • blow box according to the invention and the device according to the invention apply in the same way to the method according to the invention.
  • the glass pane is preferably transported between the blow boxes on rollers, rails or a conveyor belt.
  • the glass pane is arranged on a mold with a frame-like support surface (frame shape). If the glass pane is positioned between the glass panes, the blow boxes are preferably brought closer to the glass pane. After toughening, they are preferably removed from the glass pane again before the glass pane is moved out of the space between the blow boxes.
  • the gas flow is applied to the pane surfaces by introducing a gas stream into the inner cavity of each blow box, dividing it there and distributing it evenly onto the pane surfaces via the nozzle openings.
  • the gas used to cool the glass pane is preferably air.
  • the air can be actively cooled within the prestressing device to increase the prestressing efficiency.
  • air is used that is not specially temperature-controlled by active measures.
  • the disk surfaces (main surfaces) are preferably acted upon by the gas flow over a period of 1 s to 10 s, particularly preferably from 3 s to 5 s.
  • the glass pane to be toughened consists of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes.
  • the glass pane can, however, also contain or consist of other types of glass such as borosilicate glass or quartz glass.
  • the thickness of the glass pane is typically from 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.
  • the glass pane is preferably curved three-dimensionally, as is customary for vehicle windows.
  • a three-dimensional bend is usually understood to mean a bend along two (mutually orthogonal) spatial directions, that is to say a bend along the height dimension of the glass pane and a bend along the width dimension of the glass pane. Curved, pre-tensioned panes are common, especially in the vehicle sector.
  • the glass pane to be prestressed according to the invention is therefore preferably provided as a window pane of a vehicle, particularly preferably a motor vehicle and in particular a passenger car or truck.
  • the glass pane is provided in particular as what is known as single-pane safety glass (ESG).
  • ESG single-pane safety glass
  • the method according to the invention immediately follows a bending process in which the glass pane, which is planar in the initial state, is bent.
  • the glass pane is heated above the so-called transition point, which indicates the temperature above which the viscosity of the glass pane allows plastic deformation.
  • the toughening process follows the bending process before the glass pane has cooled significantly. This means that the glass pane does not have to be specially heated again for toughening.
  • tempering the initial temperature of the glass pane lies between the transition point and the so-called softening point, from which the glass deforms under its own weight. This is necessary so that the desired stress profile can develop.
  • the temperature of the glass pane is reduced to below the transition point, whereby the transition point must be exceeded quickly in order to achieve the quenching effect.
  • the invention also includes the use of a glass pane pre-stressed using the method according to the invention in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, preferably as a window pane in rail vehicles or motor vehicles, in particular as a rear window, side window or roof window in passenger cars.
  • the glass pane can also be used in furnishings, for example as a shower cabin door, freezer or refrigerator door.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments.
  • the drawing is a schematic representation and is not true to scale. The drawing does not restrict the invention in any way. In particular, the number of nozzles and channels of the blow boxes are not shown in a realistic manner, but are only used to illustrate the principle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section perpendicular to the nozzle strips through a blow box of the generic type
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section along the nozzle strips through the blow box of the generic type from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross section from FIG. 1, the blow box being connected to a gas supply line
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a nozzle bar
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the nozzle bar according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged illustration of the section Z from FIG. 1 in a conventional configuration of the connecting surfaces
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged illustration of section Z from FIG. 1 in an embodiment of the connecting surfaces according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the connecting surface from FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 shows the cross section from FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged illustration of the section Z from FIG. 1 in a further embodiment of the connecting surfaces according to the invention
  • FIG. 11 shows an enlarged illustration of the section Z from FIG. 1 in a further embodiment of the connection surfaces according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 shows an enlarged illustration of section Z from FIG. 1 in a further embodiment of the connecting surfaces according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 shows the cross section from FIG. 1 in a further development of the invention and
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention during a prestressing process.
  • FIG. 1 and Figure 2 show two cross-sections through a generic blow box 1 for the thermal toughening of glass panes.
  • the blow box 1 has an inner cavity 2.
  • the cavity 2 has a large, upward-facing opening, which is surrounded by a fastening device 3.
  • the fastening device 3 is designed in the manner of a flange, that is to say as a type of flat plate which is provided, for example, with feedthroughs.
  • the blower box 1 can be connected to a gas supply line 3, via which an air flow is introduced through the opening into the cavity 2.
  • the fastening device 3 merges into the side walls of a cover which surrounds the cavity 2.
  • the fastening device 3 and the cover can be formed in one piece or composed of several plates or sheets.
  • the cavity 2 has, adjacent to the opening, a first area which is essentially cuboid.
  • a wedge-shaped area adjoins the cuboid area opposite the opening.
  • channels 4 adjoin the cavity 2, more precisely the wedge-like area of the cavity 2.
  • An air flow introduced into the cavity 2 is divided into a series of partial flows by the channels 4.
  • the channels 4 are designed in the manner of a hollow rib which is essentially as long in one dimension (width) as the wedge-like area of the cavity 2 and has a significantly small extent in the dimension (thickness) perpendicular thereto, for example about 11 mm .
  • the channels 4 with their elongated cross-section are arranged parallel to one another. The number of channels 4 shown is not representative and only serves to illustrate the principle of operation. Between the channels, the cavity 2 is closed off by a connecting web with a connecting surface 6 facing the cavity 2 or screwed, which is not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the depth of the cavity 2 in the center of the blow box 1 is greatest along a first dimension and decreases in both directions outwards. In the second dimension, which is perpendicular to it, the depth remains constant at a given position of the first dimension.
  • the channels 4 are connected to the wedge-shaped cavity 2 along said first dimension. They therefore have a depth profile complementary to the wedge shape of the cavity 2, the depth being smallest in the middle of the channel 4 and increasing towards the outside, so that the air outlet of each channel 4 forms a smooth, flat or curved surface.
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 show two cross sections at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The cut surface in FIG. 1 runs perpendicular to the channels 4, so that the individual channels 4 can be seen in section.
  • the depth of the cavity 2 is constant in the cutting plane.
  • the dashed line recognizable in the spaces between the channels indicates the lower edge of the wedge-like area of the cavity 2.
  • the cut surface in FIG. 2 runs along the channels 4.
  • the wedge-like depth profile of the cavity 2 can be seen here, while only a single channel 4, whose depth profile can also be seen, lies in the cutting plane.
  • a nozzle bar 5, which closes the channel 4, is attached to the outlet opening of each channel 4.
  • the nozzle bar 5 is designed with a row of nozzles 9.
  • the nozzles 9 are passages through the nozzle bar 5, so that the air flow of each channel 4 is again divided into a plurality of partial flows, which are each passed through a nozzle 9 and then leave the blow box 1 and can be directed onto a glass pane for toughening.
  • the nozzle bar 5 is bent in accordance with the shape of glass panes in the vehicle area.
  • FIG. 2 A similar blow box with a wedge-shaped cavity is shown in a perspective view in US 9611166 B2 (FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 4 Another similar blow box, but without a wedge-like region of the cavity, is shown in perspective in DE 3612720 A1 (FIG. 4).
  • FIG. 3 shows the blow box 1 from FIG. 1 connected to a gas supply line 12.
  • the flange-like fastening area 3 is connected to a compatible flange of the gas supply line 12.
  • the gas feed line 12 has a box to which an air flow is fed through a pipe system (not shown), which is indicated in the figures by a gray arrow.
  • the air flow is generated, for example, by two fans connected in series, not shown.
  • the air stream flows from the gas supply line 12 into the cavity 2 and is then fanned out first through the channels 4 and then through the nozzles 9.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 each show a detail of an embodiment of a nozzle bar 5 which, for the sake of simplicity, are shown here straight instead of curved.
  • the nozzle bar 5 is made of aluminum, which can be easily processed and is advantageously low in weight.
  • the nozzle bar has, for example, a width of 11 mm, the dimensions being adapted to close off the gas ducts 4 of an associated blow box 1.
  • the Nozzle bar 5 is designed with a number of nozzles 9.
  • Each nozzle 9 is a passage (hole) between two opposite side surfaces of the nozzle bar 5.
  • the nozzles 9 are provided to guide a gas flow out of the associated blower box 1, the gas flow entering the nozzle 9 via a nozzle inlet 10 and via a The nozzle opening 11 emerges from the nozzle 9.
  • the side surface of the nozzle bar 9 with the nozzle inlets 10 must consequently face the blow box 1 in the installed position, while the side surface with the nozzle openings 11 faces away from the blow box.
  • the individual nozzles 9 have a greatly widened nozzle inlet 10, which is adjoined by a tapering section. Thereafter, the diameter of the nozzle remains constant at, for example, 6 mm up to the nozzle opening 11.
  • Figure 6 shows the detail Z from Figure 1 in an enlarged view.
  • a connecting web with the connecting surface 6 and the adjoining channels 4 can be seen.
  • the connecting surface 6 is designed as a planar, essentially horizontal surface. The air flow hits the connecting surface 6 at an angle of 90 °.
  • FIG. 7 shows the same section Z in an embodiment according to the invention.
  • the connecting surface 6 is convex so that it protrudes into the cavity 2. It has an apex line 6 - S, which can be seen as the maximum of the cross section and which protrudes maximally into the cavity 2.
  • the connecting surface 6 is divided into two flanks 6-F1, 6-F2 by the apex line 6-S. Each flank 6-F1, 6-F2 drops, starting from the apex line 6-S, in the direction of the channel 4 to which it faces.
  • the connecting surface 6 has a semicircular cross section.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the connecting surface 6 from FIG. 7. Since the connecting surface 6 with the semicircular cross-section has a symmetrical shape, the apex line 6-S runs centrally between the adjacent channels 4. Located between the apex line 6-S and each channel 4 an edge 6-F1, 6-F2.
  • FIG. 9 shows the same configuration as FIG. 7 and illustrates the effect of the convex connecting surface 6.
  • the air flow hits the connecting surface 6, directed vertically downwards, in accordance with the flow direction S in the cavity 2.
  • the direction of flow S in the cavity 2 forms an angle a with the tangent T connection surface 6 at said point.
  • the tangent section is used which, starting from said point, points away from the apex line 6-S.
  • the angle a is greater than 90 ° at each point. Only along the apex line 6-S is the apex line 6-S 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is 90 ° over the entire connecting surface 6.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the convex one
  • Connection surface 6 which has the cross-section of a semi-ellipse.
  • Figure 11 shows a further embodiment of the invention of the convex
  • connection surface 6 is not curved here, but rather has a triangular or roof-like cross section.
  • Figure 12 shows a further embodiment of the invention of the convex
  • connection surface 6 In contrast to the configurations set out above, the connection surface is not designed symmetrically.
  • the apex line 6-S therefore does not run centrally between the channels 4 and the flanks 6-F1, 6-F2 have a very different width.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further development of the blow box according to the invention from FIG. 1.
  • the channels 4 are connected to the rest of the cavity 2 via the wedge-shaped section of the cavity 2. This has larger dimensions than the channels 4 and the wedge-shaped section, so that an edge region 7 of the cavity 2 is present.
  • the edge region 7 is closed off by a cover which has a surface facing the cavity 2, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer channels 4.
  • this surface is planar and is arranged at an angle of 90 ° to the direction of flow of the air in the cavity 2.
  • the surface instead slopes down from the side edge of the cavity 2 in the direction of the channels 4, so that the air flow is introduced more efficiently into the channels and offers less resistance to the air flow.
  • FIG. 1 shows a further development of the blow box according to the invention from FIG. 1.
  • the device comprises a first, upper blow box 1.1 and a second, lower blow box 1.2, which are arranged opposite one another in such a way that the nozzle openings 11 of the nozzle strips 5 are directed towards one another.
  • Each blow box 1.1, 1.2 is connected to a gas supply line 12 via which it is supplied with an air stream.
  • the device further comprises a transport system 13 with which a glass pane I to be prestressed can be transported between the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2.
  • the glass pane I is supported horizontally on a frame form 14 which has a frame-like support surface on which a circumferential edge region of the glass pane I is placed.
  • the transport system 13 consists, for example, of rails or a roller system on which the frame form 14 is movably mounted.
  • the pane of glass I is, for example, a pane of soda-lime glass, which is intended as a rear window for a passenger car.
  • the glass pane I has undergone a bending process, whereby it has been brought into the intended, curved shape at a temperature of about 650 ° C., for example by means of gravity bending and / or press bending.
  • the transport system 13 serves to transport the glass pane I from the bending device to the pretensioning device while it is still heated.
  • the two main surfaces are acted upon by the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2 with an air stream in order to cool them down considerably and thus to generate a characteristic profile of tensile and compressive stresses.
  • the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2 are brought closer to the glass pane I when it is positioned in the gap.
  • the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2 are removed from the glass pane I again.
  • the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2 are moved, for example, with the aid of powerful servomotors.
  • the thermally pre-stressed glass pane I is then suitable as what is known as single-pane safety glass for use as an automobile rear window.
  • the pane After the toughening, the pane is transported again by the transport system 13 out of the space between the blow boxes 1.1, 1.2, whereby the pretensioning device is available for the toughening of the next glass pane.
  • the direction of transport of the glass pane I is shown by a gray arrow. Examples
  • connection surface 6 In order to investigate the effect of the connection surface 6 according to the invention, the required speed of the fans when using a blow box according to the invention and a conventional blow box was compared with one another.
  • the connecting surfaces 6 of the blow box according to the invention (example) were designed according to FIG.
  • the connecting surfaces 6 of the conventional blow box (comparative example) were designed as flat surfaces according to FIG. 6.
  • a lower and an upper blow box were attached to gas supply lines, each of which was equipped with a fan.
  • those speeds of the fans were determined that were necessary to lead to a similar fracture structure of the toughened glass pane (in particular the size of the shards after point-like action).
  • the fracture structure was in accordance with the values for vehicle windows specified in the ECE-R43 standard. The following values were determined:
  • connection surface 6 according to the invention made it possible to reduce the required speed of the fans. This corresponds to an increase in efficiency of around 20%.
  • This effect was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
  • the person skilled in the art On the basis of Bernoulli's law, according to which the pressure is proportional to the square of the flow velocity, the person skilled in the art has assumed that the geometry of the nozzles 9, where the flow velocity is at a maximum, alone has a decisive influence on the pressure that can be achieved. It was not to be expected that such a significant improvement in efficiency can be achieved by changing the geometry in the cavity 2, where significantly lower flow velocities occur.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une boîte de soufflante (1) pour la précontrainte thermique de vitres, comprenant : une chambre (2) dotée d'une ouverture, qui est entourée par un dispositif de fixation (3) pour le raccordement de la chambre (2) à une conduite d'alimentation en gaz (12); une pluralité de canaux (4) reliés à la chambre (2) et délimités par des parois de canal, lesdits canaux étant chacun fermés par une barre de buses (5) opposée à la chambre (2); une bande de liaison entre chacun des canaux adjacents (4) avec une face de liaison (6) qui fait face à la chambre (2) et exposée à la chambre (2), les bandes de liaison étant reliées mécaniquement aux parois de canal adjacentes, au moins une partie des faces de liaison (6) étant de forme convexe.
PCT/EP2021/057167 2020-04-29 2021-03-22 Boîte de soufflante pour la précontrainte thermique de vitres WO2021219291A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202180001888.9A CN113891863A (zh) 2020-04-29 2021-03-22 用于对玻璃片材施加热预应力的鼓吹箱

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EP20171997.8 2020-04-29
EP20171997 2020-04-29

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WO2021219291A1 true WO2021219291A1 (fr) 2021-11-04

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB505188A (en) 1937-11-05 1939-05-05 Manufacturers Des Glaces Et Pr Improvements in and relating to apparatus for chilling glass for tempering
DE710690C (de) 1938-05-05 1941-09-19 Dr Alberto Quentin Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Platten oder Scheiben aus Glas
DE808880C (de) 1946-11-26 1951-07-19 Saint Gobain Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Glasscheiben
DE1056333B (de) 1955-08-18 1959-04-30 Saint Gobain Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Glasscheiben
US3294519A (en) 1963-08-01 1966-12-27 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Glass sheet tempering apparatus
FR2024397A1 (en) 1968-11-28 1970-08-28 Saint Gobain Pre-stressing glass sheets
DE3612720A1 (de) 1986-04-16 1987-10-22 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Vorrichtung zum vorspannen von glasscheiben
DE3924402C1 (fr) 1989-07-24 1990-08-09 Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen, De
US9611166B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 Glasstech, Inc. Glass quench apparatus
WO2018015108A1 (fr) 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Lame à ajutages pour un caisson de soufflage destiné à la trempe thermique de plaques de verre

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB505188A (en) 1937-11-05 1939-05-05 Manufacturers Des Glaces Et Pr Improvements in and relating to apparatus for chilling glass for tempering
DE710690C (de) 1938-05-05 1941-09-19 Dr Alberto Quentin Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Platten oder Scheiben aus Glas
DE808880C (de) 1946-11-26 1951-07-19 Saint Gobain Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Glasscheiben
DE1056333B (de) 1955-08-18 1959-04-30 Saint Gobain Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Glasscheiben
US3294519A (en) 1963-08-01 1966-12-27 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Glass sheet tempering apparatus
FR2024397A1 (en) 1968-11-28 1970-08-28 Saint Gobain Pre-stressing glass sheets
DE3612720A1 (de) 1986-04-16 1987-10-22 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Vorrichtung zum vorspannen von glasscheiben
DE3612720C2 (fr) 1986-04-16 1989-03-30 Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen, De
DE3924402C1 (fr) 1989-07-24 1990-08-09 Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen, De
US9611166B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 Glasstech, Inc. Glass quench apparatus
WO2018015108A1 (fr) 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Lame à ajutages pour un caisson de soufflage destiné à la trempe thermique de plaques de verre

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DE202021004035U1 (de) 2022-06-17
CN112811803A (zh) 2021-05-18

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