WO2021212804A1 - 金属基复合背板、生产方法及装置及光伏瓦 - Google Patents

金属基复合背板、生产方法及装置及光伏瓦 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021212804A1
WO2021212804A1 PCT/CN2020/126156 CN2020126156W WO2021212804A1 WO 2021212804 A1 WO2021212804 A1 WO 2021212804A1 CN 2020126156 W CN2020126156 W CN 2020126156W WO 2021212804 A1 WO2021212804 A1 WO 2021212804A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
layer
photovoltaic
metal plate
insulating layer
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PCT/CN2020/126156
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭小春
贺迪
黄腾
王永飞
郑直
Original Assignee
西安隆基绿能建筑科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021212804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212804A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a metal-based composite backplane, a production method, a production device, and a photovoltaic tile.
  • Photovoltaic building integration can save space and is an important field and key development direction for photovoltaic power generation applications.
  • Photovoltaic roofs are particularly common in photovoltaic building integration.
  • Photovoltaic roofs are usually fixed installation of photovoltaic modules on the metal plate roof by means of bracket installation, structural adhesive bonding, or the photovoltaic module and the metal plate roof are composited. Among them, the combination of photovoltaic cells and metal sheet roofs has lower cost, better reliability, and wider applications.
  • the present disclosure provides a metal-based composite backplane, a production method, a production device, and a photovoltaic tile, and aims to solve the problems of low power generation efficiency and short life span in the composite photovoltaic cell sheet and the metal plate roof.
  • a metal-based composite back sheet comprising: a metal plate, the light-facing surface of the metal plate is divided into a photovoltaic composite area and located in the photovoltaic composite area Non-photovoltaic composite areas on both sides;
  • An insulating layer is provided on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate, and the insulating layer and the metal plate are compounded together by an adhesive; the light-facing surface of the insulating layer is provided with a fluorine coating layer, and the backlight of the insulating layer The surface energy of the surface and the light-facing surface of the fluorine coating layer are both greater than or equal to 40 dynes;
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate is covered with a weather-resistant heat reflective coating.
  • the above-mentioned metal-based composite back sheet can improve the weather resistance of the metal-based composite back sheet, and increase the life of the metal-based composite back sheet; it has stronger bonding ability with the photovoltaic layer, and improves the life of the metal-based composite back sheet.
  • the temperature of the metal plate is reduced, thereby reducing the heat conduction to the photovoltaic layer and improving the power generation efficiency.
  • the light-facing surface of the metal plate is provided with a front metal plating layer; the backlight surface of the metal plate is provided with a back metal plating layer; the unit weight of the front metal plating layer and the back metal plating layer is 20-200 g/ m 2 ; the unit weight of the front metal coating is at least 10 g/m 2 greater than the unit weight of the back metal coating.
  • the light-facing surface of the front metal plating layer and/or the backlight surface of the back metal plating layer are provided with a fingerprint-resistant layer;
  • the fingerprint-resistant layer includes: a chromium passivation layer, a chromium-free passivation layer, and a chromium-free layer At least one of the anti-fingerprint layers.
  • the weather-resistant heat reflective coating includes weather-resistant paint and metal oxide particles dispersed in the weather-resistant paint;
  • the weather-resistant paint is selected from at least one of polyester paint, silicon modified paint, and fluorocarbon paint Species;
  • the metal oxide is selected from: at least one of iron chromium oxide, iron chromium cobalt oxide, iron chromium nickel oxide, cobalt copper aluminum manganese oxide, lanthanum strontium calcium manganese oxide;
  • the thickness of the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating is 5-100 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the fluorine coating layer is selected from at least one of vinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and tetrafluoroethylene;
  • the thickness of the fluorine coating layer is 2-100 ⁇ m.
  • the insulating layer is a PET layer; the hydrolysis resistance rating of the insulating layer is greater than or equal to 48 hours;
  • the thickness of the insulating layer is 20-300 ⁇ m.
  • the metal plate is a cold-rolled steel plate with a yield strength of 100-1000Mpa; the thickness of the metal plate is 0.3-5mm;
  • the adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive; the thermosetting adhesive is selected from at least one of acrylic adhesives, polyester adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and polyamide adhesives; the thickness of the adhesive It is 2-100 ⁇ m.
  • the insulating composite film includes an insulating layer, and a fluorine coating layer disposed on the smooth surface of the insulating layer, the backlight surface of the insulating layer and the surface energy of the fluorine coating layer on the smooth surface All are greater than or equal to 40 dyne;
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate is covered with a weather-resistant heat-reflective coating.
  • the step of providing an insulating composite film includes:
  • Corona treatment is performed on both the light facing surface of the fluorine coating layer and the back light surface of the insulating layer.
  • a production device for producing any of the foregoing metal matrix composite backplanes including:
  • Gluing mechanism used to apply adhesive on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate
  • the laminating mechanism is used for laminating the backlight surface of the insulating composite film and the photovoltaic composite area coated with the adhesive in the metal plate to obtain a laminating piece;
  • the insulating composite film includes an insulating layer and a set
  • the surface energy of the fluorine paint layer on the light-facing side of the insulating layer, the backlight side of the insulating layer and the light-facing side of the fluorine paint layer are all greater than or equal to 40 dyne;
  • Weather-resistant heat reflective coating mechanism for coating a weather-resistant heat reflective coating on the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate
  • the glue applying mechanism and the weather-resistant thermal reflective coating mechanism are roller coating rollers
  • the laminating mechanism is a dynamic composite roller
  • the heating mechanism is an oven
  • the transmission mechanism is a roller, a belt, and a transmission roller.
  • a photovoltaic tile comprising any one of the aforementioned metal-based composite backsheets, and a photovoltaic layer; the photovoltaic layer includes: packaging materials, cells; The surface is combined with the photovoltaic layer.
  • the production method and production device of the metal-based composite backsheet, and the photovoltaic tile all have the same or similar beneficial effects as the aforementioned metal-based composite backsheet. In order to avoid repetition, the details will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the first metal matrix composite backplane in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a second metal matrix composite backplane in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third metal matrix composite backplane in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a production device for a metal matrix composite backplane provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison photograph of the backplane of Comparative Example 1 and the metal matrix composite backplane of Example 1 after temperature testing;
  • FIG. 7 shows a photo of the metal matrix composite back sheet of Example 1 in the embodiment of the present disclosure after a wet heat test
  • FIG. 8 shows a photo of the metal matrix composite back sheet of Example 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure after a wet heat test
  • Figure 9 shows a photo of the metal matrix composite back sheet of Example 3 in the embodiment of the present disclosure after a wet heat test
  • FIG. 10 shows a photo of the backboard of Comparative Example 1 after the damp heat test in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 shows a photo after salt spray test of the metal matrix composite backboard of Example 1 in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 shows a photo after salt spray test of the metal matrix composite backboard of Example 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 shows a photo after salt spray test of the metal matrix composite backboard of Example 3 in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 14 shows a photograph after the salt spray test of the backboard of Comparative Example 1 in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have found that in the prior art, the entire shiny surface of the metal plate is the same, and the shiny surface of the metal plate is not covered by photovoltaic components without photovoltaic composite. Under the irradiation of light, the metal plate does not have photovoltaic The composite smooth surface is easy to absorb a large amount of heat, and the metal plate has good thermal conductivity, which leads to a higher temperature of the photovoltaic element, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic element; at the same time, the metal plate is susceptible to corrosion, etc., making the metal plate The life span of the photovoltaic tile is short, and the metal plate and the photovoltaic element are easy to delaminate. Two reasons lead to the short life of the photovoltaic tile or photovoltaic roof.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first metal matrix composite backplane in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the metal matrix composite backplane includes: a metal plate 10.
  • the light-facing surface of the metal plate is divided into a photovoltaic composite area and a non-photovoltaic composite area located on both sides of the photovoltaic composite area. It can be understood that the light-facing surface of the metal plate 10 is the side facing the light. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface of the metal plate 10 faces the light, and the upper surface of the metal plate 10 in FIG. 1 is the light-facing surface.
  • the photovoltaic composite area is used for subsequent recombination with the photovoltaic layer, and the photovoltaic layer includes: packaging materials and cells.
  • the width of the photovoltaic composite area and the non-photovoltaic composite area can be set according to actual needs.
  • An insulating layer 11 is provided on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10.
  • the insulating layer 11 may be a PET insulating layer.
  • the material of the insulating layer 11 in the present disclosure is not specifically limited.
  • the light-facing surface of the insulating layer 11 is the side of the insulating layer 11 in the photovoltaic tile facing the light, and the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 is the surface opposite to the light-facing surface of the insulating layer 11.
  • the insulating layer 11 and the metal plate 10 are compounded together by an adhesive. That is, the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 and the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate are bonded together by the adhesive 12, which is simple in operation and simple in process.
  • the adhesive 12 is a thermosetting adhesive.
  • the thermosetting adhesive is selected from at least one of acrylic adhesives, polyester adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and polyamide adhesives.
  • the thermosetting adhesive of the above materials has good bonding performance, can improve the bonding performance between the insulating layer 11 and the metal plate 10, reduce delamination, and can improve the life of the metal matrix composite backplane and the photovoltaic tile.
  • the thickness of the adhesive 12 is 2-100 ⁇ m, and the adhesive with the above-mentioned thickness has good adhesion performance and low cost.
  • a fluorine paint layer 13 is provided on the light-facing surface of the insulating layer 11.
  • the light-facing surface of the insulating layer 11 is used to receive light, and the fluorine coating layer 13 can absorb ultraviolet rays, can prevent ultraviolet rays from destroying the insulating layer 11, can improve the weather resistance of the metal matrix composite backplane, and improve the metal matrix composite backplane and photovoltaic The life span of a watt.
  • the back light surface of the insulating layer 11 and the light-facing surface energy of the fluorine coating layer 13 are both greater than or equal to 40 dyn.
  • the back light surface of the insulating layer 11 and the light-facing surface of the fluorine coating layer 13 can be electrically charged. Halo treatment to increase surface energy.
  • the backlit surface of the insulating layer 11 and the smooth surface energy of the fluorine coating layer 13 are both greater than or equal to 40 dynes (dyn), and the adhesion performance with the photovoltaic layer and the metal plate 10 is good, which can prevent adhesion failure Or delamination can improve the life of metal matrix composite backplanes and photovoltaic tiles.
  • the fluorine coating layer 13 is selected from at least one of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE).
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • TFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • the thickness of the fluorine coating layer 13 is 2-100 ⁇ m, and the fluorine coating layer 13 of the above-mentioned thickness has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet rays and has a low cost.
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area facing the smooth surface of the metal plate 10 is used for the subsequent modeling and overlap of the metal plate 10, and can be suitable for photovoltaic power generation products integrated with roof photovoltaic and building.
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10 facing the glossy surface is covered with a weather-resistant heat-reflective coating 14, which can reflect infrared rays in the light, reduce the temperature of the metal plate surface that does not cover the photovoltaic part, thereby reducing
  • the heat conduction to the photovoltaic layer improves the power generation efficiency and can increase the life of the metal matrix composite backplane and photovoltaic tiles.
  • the temperature test shows that the temperature of the non-photovoltaic composite area on the smooth surface of the metal plate 10 covered with the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating 14 is significantly lower than the temperature of the area that is not covered with the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating.
  • the weather-resistant heat reflective coating 14 includes weather-resistant paint and metal oxide particles dispersed in the weather-resistant paint.
  • the weather-resistant paint is selected from at least one of polyester paint, silicon modified paint, and fluorocarbon paint.
  • the metal oxide is selected from at least one of iron chromium oxide, iron chromium cobalt oxide, iron chromium nickel oxide, cobalt copper aluminum manganese oxide, and lanthanum strontium calcium manganese oxide.
  • the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating 14 of the above-mentioned materials has a strong ability to reflect infrared rays.
  • the thickness of the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating 14 is 5-100 ⁇ m.
  • the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating 14 with the above-mentioned thickness has a strong ability to reflect infrared rays and has a low cost.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second metal matrix composite backplane in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the light-facing surface of the metal plate 10 is provided with a front metal plating layer 151
  • the backlight surface of the metal plate 10 is provided with a back metal plating layer 152.
  • Both the front metal plating layer 151 and the back metal plating layer 152 have good corrosion resistance, which can further increase the life of the metal matrix composite backplane and the photovoltaic tile.
  • the unit weights of the front metal plating layer 151 and the back metal plating layer 152 are both 20-200 g/m 2 .
  • the unit weight of the front metal plating layer 151 is at least 10g/m 2 greater than the unit weight of the back metal plating layer 152, which means that the thickness of the front metal plating layer 151 is greater than the thickness of the back metal plating layer 152.
  • Corrosion resistance to the glossy surface on the other hand, the backlight surface that does not receive light is basically not in contact with the external environment, and the metal coating of the backlight surface that does not receive light is thin, which can save costs to a large extent.
  • the foregoing front metal plating layer and back metal plating layer may both be an aluminum-zinc layer, a zinc-aluminum-magnesium layer, etc., which is not specifically limited.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third metal matrix composite backplane in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the anti-fingerprint layer 16 is provided on the light-facing surface of the front metal plating layer 151 of the light-facing surface of the metal plate 10.
  • the anti-fingerprint layer 16 can prevent the fingerprints of the metal plate 10 and the front metal coating 151 from adhering to the product during production and processing, which affects the appearance of the product, and can also improve the corrosion resistance of the metal plate 10 and the front metal coating 151 Performance, improve the wear resistance during forming process, protect the front metal plating layer 151 from being damaged, and serve as the adhesion bottom layer for subsequent coating to improve the bonding performance.
  • the anti-fingerprint layer 16 is at least one of a chromium passivation layer and a chromium-free passivation layer without chromium and anti-fingerprints.
  • the backlight surface of the back metal plating layer 152 of the backlight surface of the metal plate 10 is provided with an anti-fingerprint layer 16.
  • the anti-fingerprint layer 16 is at least one of a chromium passivation layer, a chromium-free passivation layer, and a chromium-free anti-fingerprint
  • the beneficial effects are similar to those of the aforementioned front metal plating layer 151. In order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the metal plate 10 is a cold-rolled steel plate with a yield strength of 100-1000Mpa.
  • the thickness of the metal plate 10 is 0.3-5 mm, and the metal plate of this material and thickness has good corrosion resistance.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 11 is 20-300 ⁇ m, and the insulating layer with the above-mentioned thickness has better insulating performance and corrosion resistance.
  • the hydrolysis resistance grade of the insulating layer 11 is greater than or equal to 48 hours, so that the insulating layer 11 has good corrosion resistance, which can improve the life of the metal matrix composite backplane and the photovoltaic tile.
  • the hydrolysis resistance rating of the insulating layer 11 is measured to be greater than or equal to 48 hours.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a production method of the metal matrix composite backplane.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 providing an insulating composite film;
  • the insulating composite film includes an insulating layer, and a fluorine paint layer disposed on the light-facing surface of the insulating layer, the backlight surface of the insulating layer and the light-facing surface of the fluorine paint layer
  • the surface energy is greater than or equal to 40 dynes.
  • Step S2 providing a metal plate.
  • step S3 the backlight surface of the insulating composite film is composited on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate through an adhesive.
  • Step S4 covering the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate with a weather-resistant heat reflective coating.
  • the step of providing the insulating composite film may include: corona treatment is performed on both the glossy surface of the fluorine paint layer and the backlight surface of the insulating layer to improve the surface of the glossy surface of the fluorine paint layer and the backlight surface of the insulating layer. Yes, improve bonding performance.
  • the step of providing the metal plate includes: plating a metal plating layer on the light-facing surface and the backlight surface of the metal plate; and performing surface treatment on the metal-plated surface.
  • the surface treatment includes: chromium passivation, chromium-free passivation, or a chromium-free fingerprint-resistant layer.
  • chromium passivation or chromium-free passivation is used to provide an anti-fingerprint layer on the surface of the metal plating layer.
  • the anti-fingerprint layer refers to the aforementioned related records, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects. In order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • each step of the above method can refer to the relevant records in the foregoing embodiments, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects. In order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a production device for the metal matrix composite backplane.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a production device for a metal matrix composite backplane provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the production device of the metal matrix composite backplane includes: a glue applying mechanism 201, a laminating mechanism 202, a weather-resistant heat reflective coating mechanism 203, a heating mechanism 204, and a transmission mechanism 205.
  • the sizing mechanism 201 is used to apply adhesive on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10.
  • the glue applying mechanism may be a glue roll coating roller, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the glue roller is used to roll the thermosetting glue on the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10 in a counterclockwise direction. Rotation speed control of coating roller.
  • the laminating mechanism 202 is used for laminating the backlight surface of the insulating composite film 19 and the photovoltaic composite area coated with the adhesive in the metal plate 10 together to obtain a laminating piece.
  • the insulating composite film 19 includes an insulating layer and a fluorine paint layer provided on the light-facing surface of the insulating layer. The surface energy of the back light surface of the insulating layer and the light-facing surface of the fluorine coating layer are both greater than or equal to 40 dyne.
  • the insulating layer 11 is used for recombination with the photovoltaic layer, and the photovoltaic layer includes: packaging materials and cells.
  • the laminating mechanism 202 may be a powered composite roller, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the back light surface of the insulating composite film 19 is attached to the photovoltaic composite area coated with the adhesive in the metal plate 10, and the forward speed of the insulating composite film 19 and the metal plate 10 needs to be the same. match.
  • the weather resistant heat reflective coating mechanism 203 is used to coat the weather resistant heat reflective coating on the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10.
  • the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating mechanism 203 may be a weather-resistant heat-reflective paint roller coating. As shown in FIG. 4, the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating roller coats the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate 10 with the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating, and the thickness of the coating is 5-100 ⁇ m. The thickness of the paint is controlled by the speed of the weather-resistant heat-reflective paint roller.
  • the heating mechanism 204 is used for heating the bonding member and the non-photovoltaic composite area coated with the weather-resistant heat-reflective coating.
  • the heating mechanism 204 may be an oven, the heating temperature may be 50-120° C., and the time may be 0.5-36 hours.
  • the heating temperature and time can be adjusted according to the type of glue, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the above-mentioned transmission mechanism 205 is used to transmit the metal plate 10 to a glue application mechanism, a bonding mechanism, a weather-resistant heat reflection coating mechanism, and a heating mechanism.
  • the above-mentioned transmission mechanism may sequentially transmit the metal plate 10 to the glue applying mechanism, the laminating mechanism, the weather-resistant heat reflective coating mechanism, and the heating mechanism.
  • the above-mentioned transmission mechanism may sequentially transmit the metal plate 10 to the weather-resistant heat reflective coating mechanism, the glue applying mechanism, the laminating mechanism, and the heating mechanism.
  • the metal plate 10 is finally transferred to the heating mechanism, and the metal plate 10 is first transferred to the glue applying mechanism and then to the laminating mechanism.
  • the glue applying mechanism 201 is closer to the feeding position of the metal plate 10.
  • the sizing mechanism 201, the laminating mechanism 202, the weather-resistant thermal reflective coating mechanism 203, and the heating mechanism 204 are arranged in sequence, and the transmission mechanism sequentially transmits the metal plate 10 to the sizing mechanism 201, the laminating mechanism 202, and the weather-resistant thermal reflective coating. Covering mechanism 203, heating mechanism 204.
  • the transmission mechanism 205 may be a winding drum, and the traction of the winding drum during winding is used as the transmission force, and the metal plate 10 is sequentially transmitted to the glue applying mechanism 201, the laminating mechanism 202, and the weather resistant heat reflective coating mechanism 203. , Heating mechanism 204.
  • the rewinding drum is also used for rewinding the heated metal matrix composite backplane.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a photovoltaic tile, which includes any one of the foregoing metal-based composite backsheets, and a photovoltaic layer.
  • the photovoltaic layer includes: packaging materials and solar cells.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tile provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the photovoltaic tile further includes a photovoltaic layer 17, and the photovoltaic layer includes: an encapsulating material 171 and a cell 172.
  • the light facing surface of the fluorine coating layer 13 is combined with the photovoltaic layer 17.
  • the light-facing surface of the battery sheet 172 is provided with a front packaging material 171
  • the backlight surface of the battery sheet 172 is provided with a rear packaging material 171
  • the light-facing surface of the front packaging material 171 is also provided with a front back plate 18.
  • the front packaging material 171 and the front back plate 18 have good light transmittance.
  • the packaging material 17 may be EVA or the like, and the front and back plate 18 may be glass or the like. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, this is not specifically limited.
  • the various components of the photovoltaic tile, etc. can be referred to each other.
  • the insulating layer 11 is PET.
  • the insulating layer 11 is provided with a PVF carbon paint layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m on the light-facing surface, and the surface energy of the light-facing surface of the PVF carbon paint layer and the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 is 45 dyn.
  • the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 and the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate are bonded together by a polyurethane adhesive.
  • the front metal plating layer and the back metal plating layer of the metal plate are both aluminum-zinc plating layers, wherein the unit weight of the front metal plating layer is 75 g/m 2 , and the unit weight of the back metal plating layer is 75 g/m 2 .
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate is covered with a weather-resistant heat-reflective coating.
  • the shiny surface of the front metal coating of the metal plate is provided with fingerprint resistance
  • the backlight surface of the back metal coating of the metal plate is provided with fingerprint resistance.
  • the insulating layer 11 is PET.
  • the light-facing surface of the insulating layer 11 is provided with PVDF carbon paint with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
  • the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 and the light-facing surface of the PVDF carbon paint have a surface energy of 45 dyn.
  • the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 passes through the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate.
  • Polyurethane adhesive glue sticks together.
  • the front metal plating layer and the back metal plating layer of the metal plate are both aluminum-zinc plating layers, wherein the unit weight of the front metal plating layer is 75 g/m 2 , and the unit weight of the back metal plating layer is 75 g/m 2 .
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate is covered with a weather-resistant heat-reflective coating; Resistant to fingerprints.
  • the insulating layer 11 is PET.
  • the smooth surface of the insulating layer 11 is provided with PVDF carbon paint with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
  • the surface energy of the smooth surface of the PVDF carbon paint and the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 is 45 dyn, and the backlight surface of the insulating layer 11 passes through the photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate.
  • Acrylic adhesive glue sticks together.
  • the front metal plating layer and the back metal plating layer of the metal plate are both aluminum-zinc plating layers, wherein the unit weight of the front metal plating layer is 75 g/m 2 , and the unit weight of the back metal plating layer is 65 g/m 2 .
  • the non-photovoltaic composite area of the metal plate is covered with a weather-resistant heat-reflective coating; Resistant to fingerprints.
  • the front metal plating layer and the back metal plating layer of the metal plate are both aluminum-zinc plating layers.
  • the unit weight of the metal plating layer on the light-facing side of the metal plate is 75g/m 2
  • the unit weight of the metal plating layer on the back light side of the metal plate is 75g/m. 2.
  • the anti-fingerprint film is provided on the shiny side of the metal plate on the shiny side of the metal plate, and the back light of the metal plate on the backlight side of the metal plate.
  • the metal plate, EVA, and back sheet material were laminated at 145° C. for 10 minutes to form a back sheet.
  • the temperature test was performed on the metal-based backplanes of the foregoing Examples 1 to 3 and the backplane in Comparative Example 1. Specifically, the metal-based backplanes of Examples 1 to 3 and the backplane in Comparative Example 1 were respectively tested. Put the backplane of the tester into the test box, irradiate the metal base backplane or the light-facing surface of the backplane with a 500W infrared lamp for 2h, and collect the temperature of the metal base backplane surface with a thermocouple. The test results are shown in Table 1 below and Figure 6 below.
  • the damp heat DH1000 test (IEC61215) was performed on the metal-based backplanes of the foregoing Examples 1 to 3 and the backplane of Comparative Example 1, respectively.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1, and FIGS. 7-10.
  • the salt spray test (IEC60068-2) was performed on the metal-based backplanes of the foregoing Examples 1 to 3 and the backplane of Comparative Example 1, respectively.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1, and Figs. 11-14.
  • Table 1 is the metal matrix composite backplane of Example 1, the metal matrix composite backplane of Example 2, the metal matrix composite backplane of Example 3, and the backplane of Comparative Example 1 provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. Test results after temperature test, damp heat test, and salt spray test.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network units.
  • Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.
  • any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be constructed as a limitation to the claims.
  • the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims.
  • the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements.
  • the present disclosure can be realized by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims that list several devices, several of these devices can be embodied in the same hardware item.
  • the use of the words first, second, and third, etc. do not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

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Abstract

金属基复合背板、生产方法及生产装置及光伏瓦，涉及光伏技术领域。金属基复合背板包括：金属板(10)，金属板(10)的向光面分为光伏复合区域和非光伏复合区域；在所述金属板(10)的光伏复合区域上设置有绝缘层(11)，所述绝缘层(11)与所述金属板(10)通过胶粘剂(12)复合在一起；所述绝缘层(11)的向光面设置有氟涂料层(13)，所述绝缘层(11)的背光面以及所述氟涂料层(13)的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因；在所述金属板(10)的非光伏复合区域上覆盖有耐候热反射涂层(14)。从而提升了金属基复合背板的耐候能力，提升了金属基复合背板的寿命；和光伏层的结合能力更强，提升了金属基复合背板的寿命。另外还降低了金属板的温度，进而减少了向光伏层的热量传导，提升了发电效率。

Description

金属基复合背板、生产方法及装置及光伏瓦
本申请要求在2020年04月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010318718.0、名称为“金属基复合背板、生产方法及装置及光伏瓦”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及光伏技术领域，特别是涉及一种金属基复合背板、生产方法及生产装置及光伏瓦。
背景技术
光伏建筑一体化能够节省空间，是光伏发电应用的重要领域和重点发展方向。光伏建筑一体化中光伏屋顶尤为常见。
光伏屋顶通常是将光伏组件固定安装通过支架安装、结构胶粘接等途径固定在金属板屋顶上，或者，将光伏组件和金属板屋顶复合。其中，将光伏电池片和金属板屋顶复合成本较低、可靠性较好，而应用较为广泛。
但是，现有技术中，将光伏电池片和金属板屋顶复合存在发电效率低、寿命短的问题。
概述
本公开提供一种金属基复合背板、生产方法及生产装置及光伏瓦，旨在解决将光伏电池片和金属板屋顶复合存在发电效率低、寿命短的问题。
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了一种金属基复合背板，所述金属基复合背板包括：金属板，所述金属板的向光面分为光伏复合区域和位于所述光伏复合区域两侧的非光伏复合区域；
在所述金属板的光伏复合区域上设置有绝缘层，所述绝缘层与所述金属板通过胶粘剂复合在一起；所述绝缘层的向光面设置有氟涂料层，所述绝缘层的背光面以及所述氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因；
在所述金属板的非光伏复合区域上覆盖有耐候热反射涂层。
上述金属基复合背板，能够提升金属基复合背板的耐候能力，提升了金属基复合背板的寿命；和光伏层的结合能力更强，提升了金属基复合背板的寿命。另，降低了金属板的温度，进而减少了向光伏层的热量传导，提升了发电效率。
可选的，所述金属板的向光面设置有前金属镀层；所述金属板的背光面设置有背金属镀层；所述前金属镀层与所述背金属镀层的单位重量为20-200g/m 2；所述前金属镀层的单位重量比所述背金属镀层的单位重量至少大10g/m 2。
可选的，所述前金属镀层的向光面和/或所述背金属镀层的背光面设置有耐指纹层；所述耐指纹层包括：铬钝化层、无铬钝化层、无铬耐指纹层中的至少一种。
可选的，所述耐候热反射涂层包括耐候漆以及分散在所述耐候漆中的金属氧化物颗粒；所述耐候漆选自：聚酯漆、硅改漆、氟碳漆中的至少一种；所述金属氧化物选自：铁铬氧化物、铁铬钴氧化物、铁铬镍氧化物、钴铜铝锰氧化物、镧锶钙锰氧化物中的至少一种；
所述耐候热反射涂层的厚度为5-100μm。
可选的，所述氟涂料层的材料选自：氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、氯三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯中的至少一种；
所述氟涂料层的厚度为2-100μm。
可选的，所述绝缘层为PET层；所述绝缘层的耐水解等级大于或等于48小时；
所述绝缘层的厚度为20-300μm。
可选的，所述金属板为屈服强度为100-1000Mpa冷轧钢板；所述金属板的厚度为0.3-5mm；
所述胶粘剂为热固型胶粘剂；所述热固型胶粘剂选自：丙烯酸粘结剂、聚酯粘结剂、聚氨酯粘结剂、聚酰胺粘结剂中的至少一种；所述胶粘剂的厚度为2-100μm。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种生产任一前述的金属基复合背板的生产方法，包括如下步骤：
提供绝缘复合膜；所述绝缘复合膜包括绝缘层、以及设置在所述绝缘层的向光面的氟涂料层，所述绝缘层的背光面以及所述氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因；
提供金属板；
将所述绝缘复合膜的背光面通过胶粘剂复合在所述金属板的光伏复合区域；
在所述金属板的非光伏复合区域覆盖耐候热反射涂层。
可选的，提供绝缘复合膜的步骤包括：
对所述氟涂料层的向光面、所述绝缘层的背光面均进行电晕处理。
根据本公开的第三方面，提供了一种生产前述任一所述的金属基复合背板的生产装置，包括：
施胶机构，用于在金属板的光伏复合区域涂覆胶粘剂；
贴合机构，用于将绝缘复合膜的背光面与所述金属板中涂覆有胶粘剂的光伏复合区域，贴合在一起，以得到贴合件；所述绝缘复合膜包括绝缘层、以及设置在所述绝缘层的向光面的氟涂料层，所述绝缘层的背光面以及所述氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因；
耐候热反射涂覆机构，用于在所述金属板的非光伏复合区域涂覆耐候热反射涂层；
热化机构，用于对所述贴合件和涂覆有耐候热反射涂层的非光伏复合区域进行热化；
以及传输机构，用于将所述金属板传输至所述施胶机构、所述贴合机构、所述耐候热反射涂覆机构、所述热化机构。
可选的，所述施胶机构、所述耐候热反射涂覆机构为滚涂辊；
所述贴合机构为动力复合辊；
所述热化机构为烘箱；
所述传输机构为滚轮、皮带、传输辊。
根据本公开的第四方面，提供了一种光伏瓦，包括前述任一所述的金属基复合背板，以及光伏层；所述光伏层包括：封装材料、电池片；氟涂料层的向光面与所述光伏层进行复合。
本公开实施方式中，金属基复合背板的生产方法及生产装置、光伏瓦均具有前述金属基复合背板相同或相似的有益效果，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
上述说明仅是本公开技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本公开的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本公开的具体实施方式。
附图简述
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施方式的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施方式的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了本公开实施方式中的第一种金属基复合背板的结构示意图；
图2示出了本公开实施方式中的第二种金属基复合背板的结构示意图；
图3示出了本公开实施方式中的第三种金属基复合背板的结构示意图；
图4示出了本公开实施方式提供的一种金属基复合背板的生产装置的结构示意图；
图5示出了本公开实施方式提供的一种光伏瓦的结构示意图；
图6示出了对比例1的背板与实施例1的金属基复合背板的温度测试后的对比照片；
图7示出了本公开实施方式中实施例1的金属基复合背板湿热测试后的照片；
图8示出了本公开实施方式中实施例2的金属基复合背板湿热测试后的照片；
图9示出了本公开实施方式中实施例3的金属基复合背板湿热测试后的 照片；
图10示出了本公开实施方式中对比例1的背板湿热测试后的照片；
图11示出了本公开实施方式中实施例1的金属基复合背板盐雾测试后的照片；
图12示出了本公开实施方式中实施例2的金属基复合背板盐雾测试后的照片；
图13示出了本公开实施方式中实施例3的金属基复合背板盐雾测试后的照片；
图14示出了本公开实施方式中对比例1的背板盐雾测试后的照片。
附图编号说明：
10-金属板，11-绝缘层，12-胶粘剂，13-氟涂料层，14-耐候热反射涂层，151-前金属镀层，152-背金属镀层，16-耐指纹层，201-施胶机构，202-贴合机构，203-耐候热反射涂覆机构，204-热化机构，205-传输机构，17-封装材料，171-前封装材料，172-后封装材料，18-前背板，19-绝缘复合膜。
详细描述
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
下面将结合本公开实施方式中的附图，对本公开实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本公开一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本公开中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开的发明人发现，现有技术中金属板的整个向光面均一致，金属板中没有进行光伏复合的向光面没有光伏件的遮挡，在光线的照射下，金属板中没有进行光伏复合的向光面容易吸收大量的热量，同时金属板的热传导性 能较好，进而导致光伏件的温度较高，进而降低了光伏件的发电效率；同时，金属板容易受到腐蚀等，使得金属板的寿命较短，且金属板与光伏件容易脱层，两个方面的原因导致光伏瓦或光伏屋顶的寿命较短。
在本公开实施方式中，参照图1所示，图1示出了本公开实施方式中的第一种金属基复合背板的结构示意图。该金属基复合背板包括：金属板10。该金属板的向光面分为光伏复合区域、和位于光伏复合区域两侧的非光伏复合区域。可以理解的是，金属板10的向光面为朝向光照的一面。如图1所示，金属板10的上表面朝向光照，则，在图1中金属板10的上表面即为向光面。光伏复合区域用于后续与光伏层进行复合，该光伏层包括：封装材料、电池片。光伏复合区域和非光伏复合区域的宽度根据实际需要进行设定。
在金属板10的光伏复合区域上设置绝缘层11。优选地，该绝缘层11可以为PET绝缘层。本公开中绝缘层11的材料不作具体限定。绝缘层11的向光面为光伏瓦中绝缘层11朝向光照的一面，绝缘层11的背光面为与绝缘层11的向光面相对的表面。绝缘层11与金属板10通过胶粘剂复合在一起。即，绝缘层11的背光面与金属板的光伏复合区域通过胶粘剂12粘接在一起，这样操作简单，工艺简便。
可选的，胶粘剂12为热固型胶粘剂。热固型胶粘剂选自：丙烯酸粘结剂、聚酯粘结剂、聚氨酯粘结剂、聚酰胺粘结剂中的至少一种。上述材料的热固型胶粘剂的粘接性能好，能够提升绝缘层11与金属板10的粘接性能，减少脱层，能够提升金属基复合背板、光伏瓦的寿命。胶粘剂12的厚度为2-100μm，上述厚度的胶粘剂的粘接性能好，且成本较低。
绝缘层11的向光面设置有氟涂料层13。绝缘层11的向光面用于接收光照，氟涂料层13能够吸收紫外线，能够防止紫外线对绝缘层11的破坏，能够提升金属基复合背板的耐候能力，提升了金属基复合背板、光伏瓦的寿命。绝缘层11的背光面以及氟涂料层13的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因(dyn)，如，可以对绝缘层11的背光面以及氟涂料层13的向光面进行电晕处理，以提升表面能。绝缘层11的背光面以及氟涂料层13的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因(dyn)，进而与光伏层、金属板10的粘接性能均较好，能够防止粘接失效或脱层，能够提升金属基复合背板、光伏瓦 的寿命。
可选的，氟涂料层13选自聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、氯三氟乙烯(CTFE)、四氟乙烯(TFE)中的至少一种。上述材料的氟涂料层13对紫外线的吸收能力强。
可选的，氟涂料层13的厚度为2-100μm，上述厚度的氟涂料层13对紫外线的吸收能力强，且成本较低。
金属板10向光面的非光伏复合区域用于后续金属板10的造型与搭接等，可以适用于屋面光伏建筑一体化的光伏发电产品。金属板10向光面的非光伏复合区域覆盖有耐候热反射涂层14，该耐候热反射涂层14能反射光线中的红外线，降低没有覆盖光伏件部分的金属板表面的温度，进而减少了向光伏层的热量传导，提升了发电效率，且能够提升金属基复合背板、光伏瓦的寿命。具体的，通过温度测试得出，金属板10向光面的非光伏复合区域覆盖有耐候热反射涂层14的温度明显低于该区域未覆盖有耐候热反射涂层的温度。
可选的，耐候热反射涂层14包括耐候漆和分散在耐候漆中的金属氧化物颗粒。耐候漆选自：聚酯漆、硅改漆、氟碳漆中的至少一种。金属氧化物选自：铁铬氧化物、铁铬钴氧化物、铁铬镍氧化物、钴铜铝锰氧化物、镧锶钙锰氧化物中的至少一种。上述材料的耐候热反射涂层14对红外线的反射能力较强。
可选的，耐候热反射涂层14的厚度为5-100μm，上述厚度耐候热反射涂层14对红外线的反射能力较强，且成本较低。
参照图2所示，图2示出了本公开实施方式中的第二种金属基复合背板的结构示意图。可选的，在上述图1的基础上，金属板10的向光面设置有前金属镀层151，金属板10背光面设置有背金属镀层152。前金属镀层151和背金属镀层152均具有较好的耐腐蚀性，进而可以提升金属基复合背板、光伏瓦的寿命。前金属镀层151和背金属镀层152的单位重量均为20-200g/m 2。前金属镀层151的单位重量比背金属镀层152的单位重量至少大10g/m 2，也就是说前金属镀层151的厚度大于背金属镀层152的厚度，一方面能够提升金属板中接收光线照射的向光面的耐腐蚀性，另一方面，不接 收光线照射的背光面基本不接触外界环境，不接收光线照射的背光面的金属镀层较薄，能够从很大程度上节省成本。
可选的，上述前金属镀层、背金属镀层均可以为铝锌层、锌铝镁层等，对此不作具体限定。
参照图3所示，图3示出了本公开实施方式中的第三种金属基复合背板的结构示意图。可选的，在上述图2的基础上，金属板10的向光面的前金属镀层151的向光面设置有耐指纹层16。上述耐指纹层16可以防止金属板10、前金属镀层151在生产加工过程中操作人员的指纹粘附在产品上，影响产品的外观，而且还能提高金属板10、前金属镀层151的耐腐蚀性能，改善成形加工时的耐磨性，保护前金属镀层151被破坏，并作为后续涂装的粘附底层，以提升粘接性能。上述耐指纹层16为铬钝化层、无铬钝化层无铬耐指纹中的至少一种。
和/或，金属板10的背光面的背金属镀层152的背光面设置有耐指纹层16，上述耐指纹层16为铬钝化层、无铬钝化层、无铬耐指纹中的至少一种，有益效果与前述前金属镀层151的有益效果类似，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
可选的，金属板10为屈服强度为100-1000Mpa冷轧钢板。金属板10的厚度为0.3-5mm，该材质和厚度的金属板耐腐蚀性较好。
可选的，绝缘层11的厚度为20-300μm，上述厚度的绝缘层的绝缘性能、耐腐蚀性能较好。
可选的，绝缘层11的耐水解等级大于或等于48小时，进而绝缘层11耐腐蚀性能好，能够提升金属基复合背板、光伏瓦的寿命。例如，采用压力锅蒸煮试验(PCT)，测得绝缘层11的耐水解等级大于或等于48小时。
本公开实施方式中还提供一种金属基复合背板的生产方法。该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S1，提供绝缘复合膜；所述绝缘复合膜包括绝缘层、以及设置在所述绝缘层的向光面的氟涂料层，所述绝缘层的背光面以及所述氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因。
步骤S2，提供金属板。
步骤S3，将所述绝缘复合膜的背光面通过胶粘剂复合在所述金属板的光伏复合区域。
步骤S4，在所述金属板的非光伏复合区域覆盖耐候热反射涂层。
上述步骤S1至步骤S4中有关金属板、绝缘层等的描述可以参照前述实施方式中的记载，且能够达到相同或类似的有益效果，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
在本公开实施方式中，对步骤S1-S2的先后顺序没有特殊限制。
可选的，提供绝缘复合膜的步骤可以包括：对氟涂料层的向光面、绝缘层的背光面均进行电晕处理，以提升氟涂料层的向光面、绝缘层的背光面的表面能，改善粘接性能。
可选的，提供金属板的步骤包括：在金属板的向光面和背光面镀金属镀层；对镀金属的表面进行表面处理。该表面处理包括：铬钝化、无铬钝化或设置无铬耐指纹层。具体的，关于金属镀层的材料、厚度等参照前述的记载，且能达到相同或相似的有益效果。需要说明的是，铬钝化或无铬钝化用于在金属镀层的表面设置耐指纹层。耐指纹层参照前述有关记载，且能达到相同或相似的有益效果，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
在本公开实施方式中，上述方法的各个步骤可以参照前述实施方式中的有关记载，且能达到相同或类似的有益效果，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，对于方法实施方式，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本公开实施方式并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为依据本公开实施方式，某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施方式均属于优选实施方式，所涉及的动作并不一定都是本公开实施方式所必须的。
本公开实施方式中还提供一种金属基复合背板的生产装置。参照图4所示，图4示出了本公开实施方式提供的一种金属基复合背板的生产装置的结构示意图。该金属基复合背板的生产装置包括：施胶机构201、贴合机构202、耐候热反射涂覆机构203、热化机构204、传输机构205。
施胶机构201用于在金属板10的光伏复合区域涂覆胶粘剂。可选的， 该施胶机构可以为胶水滚涂辊，本公开实施方式对此不作具体限定。如，参照图4所示，胶水滚涂辊沿逆时针在金属板10的光伏复合区域滚涂热固型胶水，转速可以为1～10cm/s，胶水厚度2-100μm，胶水厚度通过胶水滚涂辊的转速控制。
贴合机构202用于将绝缘复合膜19的背光面与金属板10中涂覆有胶粘剂的光伏复合区域，贴合在一起，得到贴合件。绝缘复合膜19包括绝缘层、以及设置在绝缘层的向光面的氟涂料层。绝缘层的背光面以及氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因。绝缘层11用于与光伏层进行复合，所述光伏层包括：封装材料、电池片。可选的，贴合机构202可以为动力复合辊，本公开实施方式对此不作具体限定。如，参照图4所示，在动力复合辊带动下，绝缘复合膜19的背光面与金属板10中涂覆有胶粘剂的光伏复合区域贴合，绝缘复合膜19与金属板10前进速度需相匹配。
耐候热反射涂覆机构203用于在金属板10的非光伏复合区域涂覆耐候热反射涂层。可选的，该耐候热反射涂覆机构203可以为耐候热反射涂料滚涂辊。参照图4所示，耐候热反射涂料滚涂辊对金属板10的非光伏复合区域滚涂耐候热反射涂料，涂料厚度为5-100μm。涂料厚度通过耐候热反射涂料滚涂辊转速控制。
热化机构204用于对贴合件和涂覆有耐候热反射涂层的非光伏复合区域进行热化。可选的，该热化机构204可以为烘箱，热化温度可以为50-120℃，时间可以为0.5-36小时。该热化温度、时间可以根据胶水类型进行调整，在本公开实施方式中，对此不作具体限定。
上述传输机构205用于将金属板10传输至施胶机构、贴合机构、耐候热反射涂覆机构、热化机构。具体的，上述传输机构可以将金属板10依次传输至施胶机构、贴合机构、耐候热反射涂覆机构、热化机构。或者，上述传输机构可以将金属板10依次传输至耐候热反射涂覆机构、施胶机构、贴合机构、热化机构。传输的过程中，金属板10最后传输至热化机构，金属板10先被传输至施胶机构、然后被传输至贴合机构。
例如，参照图4所示，施胶机构201更靠近金属板10的上料位置。施胶机构201、贴合机构202、耐候热反射涂覆机构203、热化机构204依次设 置，则，传输机构将金属板10依次传输至施胶机构201、贴合机构202、耐候热反射涂覆机构203、热化机构204。
可选的，传输机构205可以为收卷筒，收卷筒在收卷时的牵引力作为传输力，将金属板10依次传输至施胶机构201、贴合机构202、耐候热反射涂覆机构203、热化机构204。该收卷筒还用于对热化后的金属基复合背板进行收卷处理。
本公开实施方式中还提供一种光伏瓦，该光伏瓦包括前述任一种金属基复合背板，以及光伏层。该光伏层包括：封装材料、电池片。
如，参照图5所示，图5示出了本公开实施方式提供的一种光伏瓦的结构示意图。在上述图1的基础上，参照图5，该光伏瓦还包括有光伏层17，该光伏层包括：封装材料171、电池片172。氟涂料层13的向光面与光伏层17进行复合。具体的，该电池片172的向光面设置有前封装材料171，该电池片172的背光面设置有后封装材料171，前封装材料171的向光面还设置有前背板18。需要说明的是，前封装材料171，前背板18具有良好的透光性。封装材料17可以为EVA等，前背板18可以为玻璃等。在本公开实施方式中，对此不作具体限定。
该光伏瓦中关于金属基复合背板，可以参照前述记载，并可以达到相同或相似的有益效果，为了避免重复，此处不再赘述。
本公开实施方式中，关于金属基复合背板及其生产方法、生产装置，光伏瓦各个器件等可以相互参照。
下面以具体实施例对本公开作进一步阐述。
实施例1
金属基复合背板中：
绝缘层11为PET。绝缘层11的向光面设置有PVF碳涂料层，厚度20μm，PVF碳涂料层的向光面、绝缘层11的背光面的表面能为45dyn。绝缘层11的背光面与金属板的光伏复合区域，通过聚氨酯粘结剂粘剂粘接在一起。金属板的前金属镀层和背金属镀层均为镀铝锌层，其中，前金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2，背金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2。金属板的非光伏复合区域覆盖有耐候热反射涂层，金属板的向光面的前金属镀层的向光面设置有耐指纹，金 属板的背光面的背金属镀层的背光面设置有耐指纹。
实施例2
金属基复合背板中：
绝缘层11为PET。绝缘层11的向光面设置有PVDF碳涂料，厚度20μm，绝缘层11的背光面和PVDF碳涂料的向光面的表面能为45dyn，绝缘层11的背光面与金属板的光伏复合区域通过聚氨酯粘结剂粘剂粘接在一起。金属板的前金属镀层和背金属镀层均为镀铝锌层，其中，前金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2，背金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2。其中，金属板的非光伏复合区域覆盖有耐候热反射涂层，金属板的向光面的前金属镀层的向光面设置有耐指纹，金属板的背光面的背金属镀层的背光面设置有耐指纹。
实施例3
金属基复合背板中：
绝缘层11为PET。绝缘层11的向光面设置有PVDF碳涂料，厚度20μm，PVDF碳涂料的向光面和绝缘层11的背光面的表面能为45dyn，绝缘层11的背光面与金属板的光伏复合区域通过丙烯酸粘结剂粘剂粘接在一起。金属板的前金属镀层和背金属镀层均为镀铝锌层，其中，前金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2，背金属镀层单位重量为65g/m 2。其中，金属板的非光伏复合区域覆盖有耐候热反射涂层，金属板的向光面的前金属镀层的向光面设置有耐指纹，金属板的背光面的背金属镀层的背光面设置有耐指纹。
对比例1
现有技术的背板中：
金属板的前金属镀层和背金属镀层均为镀铝锌层，其中，金属板的向光面的金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2，金属板的背光面的金属镀层单位重量为75g/m 2，金属板的向光面的金属镀层的向光面、金属板的背光面的金属镀层的背光面设置耐指纹膜。将该金属板、EVA、背板材料，经145℃，10分钟层压，形成背板。
性能测试：
温度测试：
分别对上述实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板、以及对比例1中的背板 进行温度测试，具体是分别将实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板、以及对比例1中的背板放入测试箱，用500W红外灯照射金属基背板或背板的向光面2h，热电偶采集金属基背板表面的温度。测试结果具体见下表1，以及图6。
湿热测试：
分别对上述实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板、以及对比例1中的背板进行湿热DH1000测试(IEC61215)，测试结果具体见表1，以及图7至图10。
盐雾测试：
分别对上述实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板、以及对比例1中的背板进行盐雾测试(IEC60068-2)。测试结果具体见表1，以及图11至图14。
表1为本公开实施方式提供的上述实施例1的金属基复合背板、实施例2的金属基复合背板、实施例3的金属基复合背板、对比例1的背板四者分别进行温度测试、湿热测试、盐雾测试后的测试结果。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020126156-appb-000001
从上述表1以及图6可以得出，实施例1至实施例2的金属基背板经上述温度测试后，金属基背板表面的温度均为44℃，实施例3的金属基背板经上述温度测试后，金属基背板表面的温度为43℃，对比例1中的背板经上述温度测试后，背板表面的温度为60℃。通过上述温度测试可以得出，本公开实施例由于降低没有覆盖光伏件部分的金属板表面的温度，进而从很大程度上降低了金属基背板表面的温度。
从上述表1以及图7至图10可以得出，图10中对比例1中的背板已脱层，如图10中白斑区域已脱层。实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板经上述湿热测试后，金属基背板均未腐蚀，对比例1中的背板经上述湿热测试后，背板已腐蚀。通过上述湿热测试可以得出，本公开实施例从很大程度上防止 粘接失效或脱层。
从上述表1以及图11至图14可以得出，图14中对比例1中的背板已腐蚀，如图14中颜色较深的大面积区域已腐蚀。实施例1至实施例3的金属基背板经上述盐雾测试后，金属基背板均未脱层，对比例1中的背板经上述盐雾测试后，背板已脱层。通过上述湿热测试可以得出，本公开实施例从很大程度上提升耐候性。
上面结合附图对本公开的实施方式进行了描述，但是本公开并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的启示下，在不脱离本公开宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本公开的保护之内。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
本文中所称的“一个实施例”、“实施例”或者“一个或者多个实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或者特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施例中。此外，请注意，这里“在一个实施例中”的词语例子不一定全指同一个实施例。
在此处所提供的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而，能够理解，本公开的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
在权利要求中，不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的单词“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。本公开可以借助于包括有若干不同元件的硬件以及借助于适当编程的计算机来实现。在列举了若干装置的单元权利要求中，这些装置中的若干个可以是通过同一个硬件项来 具体体现。单词第一、第二、以及第三等的使用不表示任何顺序。可将这些单词解释为名称。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述金属基复合背板包括：金属板，所述金属板的向光面分为光伏复合区域和位于所述光伏复合区域两侧的非光伏复合区域；
    在所述金属板的光伏复合区域上设置有绝缘层，所述绝缘层与所述金属板通过胶粘剂复合在一起；所述绝缘层的向光面设置有氟涂料层，所述绝缘层的背光面以及所述氟涂料层的向光面的表面能均大于或等于40达因；
    在所述金属板的非光伏复合区域上覆盖有耐候热反射涂层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述金属板的向光面设置有前金属镀层；所述金属板的背光面设置有背金属镀层；所述前金属镀层与所述背金属镀层的单位重量为20-200g/m 2；所述前金属镀层的单位重量比所述背金属镀层的单位重量至少大10g/m 2。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述前金属镀层的向光面和/或所述背金属镀层的背光面设置有耐指纹层；所述耐指纹层包括：铬钝化层、无铬钝化层、无铬耐指纹层中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述耐候热反射涂层包括耐候漆以及分散在所述耐候漆中的金属氧化物颗粒；所述耐候漆选自：聚酯漆、硅改漆、氟碳漆中的至少一种；所述金属氧化物选自：铁铬氧化物、铁铬钴氧化物、铁铬镍氧化物、钴铜铝锰氧化物、镧锶钙锰氧化物中的至少一种；
    所述耐候热反射涂层的厚度为5-100μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述氟涂料层的材料选自：氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、氯三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯中的至少一种；
    所述氟涂料层的厚度为2-100μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的金属基复合背板，其特征在于，所述绝缘层为PET层；所述绝缘层的耐水解等级大于或等于48小时；
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