WO2021212533A1 - 多孔金属有机框架化合物及其在吸附放射性气体中的应用 - Google Patents

多孔金属有机框架化合物及其在吸附放射性气体中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2021212533A1
WO2021212533A1 PCT/CN2020/087266 CN2020087266W WO2021212533A1 WO 2021212533 A1 WO2021212533 A1 WO 2021212533A1 CN 2020087266 W CN2020087266 W CN 2020087266W WO 2021212533 A1 WO2021212533 A1 WO 2021212533A1
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porous metal
organic framework
framework compound
metal organic
imidazole
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French (fr)
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王殳凹
马付银
汪遐
罗诗慧
袁梦嘉
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苏州大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • C08G83/008Supramolecular polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/223Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
    • B01J20/226Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02Treating gases

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  • the invention relates to the field of radioactive gas adsorption and removal, in particular to a porous metal organic framework compound and its application in the adsorption of radioactive gas.
  • Natural radiation is the main source of radiation to humans, and there is no essential difference in harm to human health compared with artificial radiation. Therefore, from the perspective of public health, the research, evaluation and control of natural radiation have reached a consensus in the international radiation protection community.
  • Radioactive gases can cause serious pollution to the environment and endanger ecological safety and human health.
  • Radioactive radon 222 Rn
  • the half-life of radon is 3.825 Tian, it is a colorless and odorless rare gas.
  • radon During its decay process, it will form a series of radioactive daughters, including 218 Po, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, 214 Po and 210 Pb. These daughters are generally charged, so It is easy to adsorb to dust or smoke particles. Once these particles are inhaled and migrated to the lungs, they will radiate the lung cells and tissues at close range, causing serious damage to the body and increasing the risk of lung cancer. .
  • activated carbon has a certain adsorption capacity for radon in 1907
  • activated carbon materials have become the preferred materials for research and removal of radioactive materials at home and abroad.
  • activated carbon has a wide pore size distribution, is not selective for gas adsorption, has limited removal depth and adsorption capacity for radioactive gas, and is easily affected by underground humid environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of porous solid material with specific and selective adsorption of radioactive gas.
  • a preparation method of a porous metal organic framework compound which comprises the following steps:
  • the mixed solution is heated to obtain a porous metal organic framework compound, the temperature of the heating treatment is 60° C.-100° C., and the time of the heating treatment is 60 h-84 h.
  • the molar ratio of the benzimidazole to the imidazole is (1:2)-(5:1). Within this ratio range, the obtained porous metal organic framework compound has a higher adsorption capacity.
  • the molar volume ratio of the zinc nitrate hexahydrate, the imidazole organic ligand, and the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent is (0.56-1.12)mol:(0.56 -2.24) mol: (10-20) mL.
  • the heating treatment in the step of heating the mixed liquid, is performed in a sealed environment.
  • the advantage of heating in a sealed environment is that it is conducive to the full progress of the reaction.
  • the step of heating the mixed solution after the step of heating the mixed solution, it further includes cooling, standing and taking the solid product, and washing and drying the solid product to obtain a porous metal organic framework compound .
  • N,N-dimethylformamide and ethanol are used for washing sequentially.
  • the drying treatment is drying at 55°C-65°C for 10h-14h.
  • the present invention also provides a porous metal-organic framework compound, which is prepared by using any one of the preparation methods of the porous metal-organic framework compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides an application of the porous metal organic framework compound described in any one of the present invention in the adsorption of radioactive gas.
  • the radioactive gas is selected from at least one of xenon gas and radon gas.
  • the radioactive gas is selected from at least one of xenon gas and radon gas.
  • the radon gas is 222 Rn gas
  • the xenon gas is 133 Xe gas.
  • Porous metal organic framework compounds are crystalline solid materials with a periodic network structure formed by self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands containing N, O, etc., with high specific surface area, good thermal stability, Excellent properties of uniform topology, more uniform pore size distribution, controllable structure pores and easy modification.
  • a suitable porous structure is constructed through self-assembly and the interaction between porous metal-organic framework compounds and radioactive gas is enhanced through ligand functionalization, which is based on the traditional ZIF-7 porous metal-organic framework compound.
  • ligand functionalization which is based on the traditional ZIF-7 porous metal-organic framework compound.
  • the structure topology of the obtained nano-modified material remains unchanged, except that the imidazole in the structure replaces the benzimidazole in an orderly manner, and then a new porous metal organic framework compound is prepared, named ZIF-7SCW, to obtain relative activated carbon materials and other materials.
  • Porous metal organic framework compounds (MOFs) have higher adsorption capacity for radioactive gases, deeper removal depth and reusable adsorption materials, especially for radon gas.
  • Figure 1 is the X-ray diffraction pattern of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (left picture) and the particle size distribution pattern of Example 1 (right picture);
  • Figure 2 is the N 2 adsorption isotherm (left picture) of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, and the N 2 adsorption isotherm and pore size distribution diagram of Example 1 (right picture);
  • Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of adsorption isotherms of Xe at room temperature in Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the penetration curves of radon in Example 1 (left picture) and Comparative Example 2 (right picture) of the present invention.
  • a preparation method of a porous metal organic framework compound which comprises the following steps:
  • a preparation method of a porous metal organic framework compound which comprises the following steps:
  • a preparation method of a porous metal organic framework compound which comprises the following steps:
  • Rho-ZMOF porous metal organic framework compound adopts Liu, Y.; Kravtsov, V. Ch.; Larsen, R.; Eddaoudi, M. Molecular Building Blocks. Approach to the Assembly of Zeolite-Like Metal-Organic Framework ( ZMOFs) with Extra-Large Cavities.Chem.Commun.2006,1488-1490 method.
  • HKUST porous metal organic framework compound adopts Hendon C H, Walsh A. Chemical principals underpinning the performance of the metal-organic framework HKUST-1[J].Chem.Sci.2015,6(7):3674-3683 method Make preparations.
  • the static method to measure the radon adsorption coefficient of porous solid phase materials is a simple and rapid method.
  • the method of measuring the static adsorption coefficient of the material to radon gas can be used to make preliminary selection and judge its radon removal performance, which can achieve economical, The purpose of efficient screening of materials.
  • the specific operation is as follows: Put about 1g of the porous metal organic framework compound or activated carbon prepared in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-8 after being dried in an oven at 100°C for 12 hours into the static adsorption chamber, evacuate it, and inject 1 mL The radon-containing air is then restored to normal pressure.
  • the static adsorption coefficient of MOFs material to radon gas is shown in Table 1.
  • the X-ray diffraction pattern of nano ZIF-7SCW (Example 1) is basically the same as the X-ray diffraction pattern of simulated ZIF-7 (Comparative Example 1), which shows that the new nano-modification obtained by introducing imidazole The structural topology of the sexual material remains unchanged, except that part of the benzimidazole position in the structure is replaced by imidazole.
  • the adsorption performance of the N 2 adsorption isotherm is well matched with the I-type adsorption curve, which is concave along the relative pressure (P/P 0 ) axis, and it can be seen from the adsorption curve that rapid adsorption occurs in At a lower relative pressure (P/P 0 ⁇ 0.1), this indicates that the material has a microporous structure. Stable adsorption occurs under relative pressure (P/P 0 >0.1), which originates from the intercrystalline voids of powdered aggregated nanoparticles.
  • Nano ZIF-7SCW is a microporous material with strong adsorbent-adsorbent interaction.
  • the calculated non-local functional theory (NLDFT) pore size of the nano-modified ZIF-7SCW is about.
  • the Henry coefficient of ZIF-7 adsorbing Xe is 0.007404mmol g -1 bar -1
  • the Henry coefficient of nano ZIF-7SCW adsorbing Xe is as high as 13.05, which is 1763 times higher than that of ZIF-7, which shows that, Compared with ZIF-7, the adsorption capacity of ZIF-7SCW and ZIF-7SCW-2 for Xe has been significantly improved.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法、由该方法制备的化合物及其在吸附放射性气体中的应用。该制备方法包括:将六水硝酸锌、咪唑类有机配体与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂混合得到混合液,将混合液进行加热处理,得到多孔金属有机框架化合物,加热处理的温度为60℃-100℃,加热处理的时间为60h-84h,其中,咪唑类有机配体为苯并咪唑和咪唑构成的混合物,苯并咪唑与咪唑的摩尔比为(1:3)-(5:1)。由此方法制得的多孔金属有机框架化合物对放射性气体,特别是氡气具有高效特异性的吸附效果。

Description

多孔金属有机框架化合物及其在吸附放射性气体中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及放射性气体吸附去除领域,特别是涉及一种多孔金属有机框架化合物及其在吸附放射性气体中的应用。
背景技术
天然辐射作为人类所受辐射的主要来源,对人类健康产生的伤害与人工辐射相比并无本质差异。因此从公众健康角度考虑,对天然辐射进行研究、评价和控制已经在国际辐射防护界达成共识。
放射性气体(222Rn、133Xe等)会对环境造成严重污染,危害生态安全和人类健康,以人类所受天然辐射的最主要贡献者——放射性的氡( 222Rn)为例,氡的半衰期为3.825天,其是一种无色、无味的稀有气体,它在衰变过程中会形成一系列放射性子体,包括 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, 214Po和 210Pb,这些子体一般带电,因此易于吸附到灰尘或烟雾颗粒上,一旦这些颗粒被吸入并迁移到肺部,就会对肺部细胞和组织进行近距离辐射,从而对机体造成严重损害,患上肺癌的风险也随之加大。
自1907年Boyle等人首次发现了活性炭对氡有一定的吸附能力以来,活性炭材料就成为了国内外研究去除放射性材料的优选物质。但是活性炭孔径分布较宽,对气体的吸附不具选择性,对放射性气体的去除深度和吸附容量均有限,并且容易受到地下潮湿环境的影响。因此,亟需一种对放射性气体具有特异选择性吸附的新型多孔固体材料。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对活性炭对放射性气体的去除深度和吸附容量有限的问题,提供一种能够同时提升放射性气体的去除深度和吸附容量的多孔金属有机框架化合物。
一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
将六水硝酸锌、咪唑类有机配体与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂混合得到混合液,其中,所述咪唑类有机配体为苯并咪唑和咪唑构成的混合物,所述苯并咪唑与所述咪唑的摩尔比为(1:3)-(5:1);
将所述混合液进行加热处理,得到多孔金属有机框架化合物,所述加热处理的温度为60℃-100℃,所述加热处理的时间为60h-84h。
在其中一个实施例中,所述苯并咪唑与所述咪唑的摩尔比为(1:2)-(5:1)。在此配比范围内,得到的多孔金属有机框架化合物吸附容量更高。
在其中一个实施例中,所述六水硝酸锌、所述咪唑类有机配体与所述N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂三者的摩尔体积比为(0.56-1.12)mol:(0.56-2.24)mol:(10-20)mL。
在其中一个实施例中,在将所述混合液进行加热处理的步骤中,是在密封环境中进行加热处理。密封环境下加热的好处是利于反应充分进行。
在其中一个实施例中,在将所述混合液进行加热处理的步骤后,还包括冷却处理、静置并取固体产物,以及对所述固体产物进行洗涤、干燥处理,得到多孔金属有机框架化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,在对所述固体产物进行洗涤的步骤中,是依次采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇进行洗涤。
在其中一个实施例中,所述干燥处理是在55℃-65℃下干燥10h-14h。
本发明还提供一种多孔金属有机框架化合物,其采用本发明任一项所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法制得。
本发明还提供一种本发明任一项所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物在吸附放射性气体中的应用。
在其中一个实施例中,所述放射性气体选自氙气和氡气中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,所述放射性气体选自氙气和氡气中的至少一种。进一步的,所述氡气为 222Rn气体,所述氙气为 133Xe气体。
多孔金属有机框架化合物(MOFs)由金属离子或金属簇与含N、O等的有机配体自组装而成的具有周期性网络结构的晶态固体材料,具有高比表面积、热稳定性好、均匀拓扑结构的优异性质,并且孔径分布较为均一、结构孔道可调控和易修饰等优点。
本申请的发明人发现,通过自组装构建出合适的多孔结构并通过配体官能团化来增强多孔金属有机框架化合物与放射性气体的相互作用,在传统的ZIF-7的多孔金属有机框架化合物的基础上引入咪唑,得到的纳米改性材料的结构拓扑不变,只是结构中的咪唑有序取代苯并咪唑,进而制得新型多孔金属有机框架化合物,命名为ZIF-7SCW,获得相对活性炭材料及其他多孔金属有机框架化合物(MOFs)具有对放射性气体吸附容量更高、去除深度更深的且可重复使用的吸附材料,特别是对氡气的吸附效果更好。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1和对比例1的X射线衍射图谱(左图)和实施例1的粒径分布图谱(右图);
图2为本发明对比例1的N 2吸附等温曲线(左图),实施例1的N 2吸附等 温曲线和孔径分布图(右图);
图3为本发明实施例1、实施例2和对比例1在常温下对Xe的吸附等温线对比图;
图4为氡在本发明实施例1(左图)和对比例2(右图)上的穿透曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
将0.56mmol六水硝酸锌(Zn(NO 3) 2·6H 2O),0.565mmol苯并咪唑(H-PhIM)和1.125mmol咪唑(IM)溶解在15mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入20mL的 闪烁瓶并用聚四氟乙烯内衬密封,在100℃下加热72小时,在自然条件下将上述反应溶液冷却至室温后,静置,去除上清液收集固体产物,用DMF和乙醇各洗涤三次,在60℃的真空烘箱中干燥12小时,即得多孔金属有机框架化合物,将该化合物命名为ZIF-7SCW。在气体吸附之前,通过将其在新鲜甲醇中浸泡三天(3次/天)来进行溶剂配体交换来活化所得材料。
实施例2
一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
将0.56mmol六水硝酸锌(Zn(NO 3) 2·6H 2O),0.565mmol苯并咪唑(H-PhIM)和0.113mmol咪唑(IM)溶解在15mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入20mL的闪烁瓶并用聚四氟乙烯内衬密封,在100℃下加热72小时,在自然条件下将上述反应溶液冷却至室温后,静置,去除上清液收集固体产物,用DMF和乙醇各洗涤三次,在60℃的真空烘箱中干燥12小时,即得多孔金属有机框架化合物,将该化合物命名为ZIF-7SCW-2。在气体吸附之前,通过将其在新鲜甲醇中浸泡三天(3次/天)来进行溶剂配体交换来活化所得材料。
对比例1
一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
将0.56mmol六水硝酸锌(Zn(NO 3) 2·6H 2O)和0.56mmol苯并咪唑(H-PhIM)溶解在15mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,加入20mL的闪烁瓶并用聚四氟乙烯内衬密封,在100℃下加热72小时,在自然条件下将上述反应溶液冷却至室温后,去除上清液收集固体产物,用DMF和乙醇各洗涤三次,在60℃的真空烘箱中干燥12小时,即得多孔金属有机框架化合物,将该化合物命名为ZIF-7。在用于气体吸附之前,通过将其在新鲜甲醇中浸泡三天(3次/天)来进行溶剂配体交换来活化所得材料。
对比例2
市售活性炭,购置于阿达玛斯(Adamas),药用200mesh。
对比例3
ZIF-69多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Anh Phan,Christian J.Doonan,Fernando J.Uribe-Romo,Carolyn B.Knobler,Michael O’Keeffe and Omar M.Yaghi.Synthesis,Structure,and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):58-67方法进行制备。
对比例4
ZIF-68多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Anh Phan,Christian J.Doonan,Fernando J.Uribe-Romo,Carolyn B.Knobler,Michael O’Keeffe and Omar M.Yaghi.Synthesis,Structure,and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):58-67方法进行制备。
对比例5
ZIF-11多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Anh Phan,Christian J.Doonan,Fernando J.Uribe-Romo,Carolyn B.Knobler,Michael O’Keeffe and Omar M.Yaghi.Synthesis,Structure,and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):58-67方法进行制备。
对比例6
ZIF-76多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Anh Phan,Christian J.Doonan,Fernando J.Uribe-Romo,Carolyn B.Knobler,Michael O’Keeffe and Omar  M.Yaghi.Synthesis,Structure,and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):58-67方法进行制备。
对比例7
Rho-ZMOF多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Liu,Y.;Kravtsov,V.Ch.;Larsen,R.;Eddaoudi,M.Molecular Building Blocks.Approach to the Assembly of Zeolite-Like Metal-Organic Frameworks(ZMOFs)with Extra-Large Cavities.Chem.Commun.2006,1488-1490方法进行制备。
对比例8
HKUST多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备过程采用Hendon C H,Walsh A.Chemical principles underpinning the performance of the metal–organic framework HKUST-1[J].Chem.Sci.2015,6(7):3674-3683方法进行制备。
效果验证
氡气静态吸附系数测定:
静态法测量多孔固相材料对氡的吸附系数是一种简单快速的测定方法,可通过测定材料对氡气的静态吸附系数的方法来进行初步的选择和判断其除氡性能,可以达到经济、高效筛选材料的目的。具体操作如下:将在100℃烘箱干燥12h后的1g左右的实施例1-2和对比例1-8制得的多孔金属有机框架化合物或活性炭放到静态吸附室,将其抽真空,注入1mL的含氡空气,随后使其恢复常压,静态吸附24h后,将吸附后的剩余气体转移到闪烁室内,采用FD-125型氡钍分析仪测量闪烁室内的氡浓度,采用公式(1)计算静态吸附系数。MOFs材料对氡气的静态吸附系数如表1所示。
Figure PCTCN2020087266-appb-000001
表1
组别 吸氡系数(K(L/g))
实施例1 6.11
实施例2 4.61
对比例1 0.447
对比例2 5.65
对比例3 1.09
对比例4 0.09
对比例5 0.386
对比例6 1.86
对比例7 0.081
对比例8 2.34
由表1中可以看出,在静态实验中,实施例组的吸氡系数更高,吸附容量明显优于其他多孔金属有机框架化合物,且吸附容量也高于活性炭。
由图1可知,纳米ZIF-7SCW(实施例1)的X射线衍射图谱与模拟的ZIF-7(对比例1)的X射线衍射衍射图基本一致,由此表明引入咪唑所得到的新型纳米改性材料的结构拓扑保持不变,只是结构中的部分苯并咪唑的位置被咪唑取代。
氮气的吸附行为
将活化完全的ZIF-7SCW(实施例1)和ZIF-7(对比例1)材料分别在真空120℃条件下加热12h,测得两种材料对氮气吸附等温线如图2所示。
从图2中的吸附等温线(左图)上可以看出,ZIF-7(对比例1)在77K下对氮气几乎没有吸附,这说明纳米ZIF-7结构比较致密,氮气无法进入ZIF-7的孔道。从图2中吸附等温线(右图)可以看出,当在溶剂热合成晶体时引入咪唑配体,通过自组装构建出的新型纳米改性ZIF-7SCW(实施例1)对氮气有很 好的吸附性能,N 2吸附等温线与I-型吸附曲线有很好的匹配,该曲线沿相对压力(P/P 0)轴呈凹形,并且从吸附曲线上可以看出,快速吸附发生在较低的相对压力(P/P 0<0.1)下,这表明该材料是微孔结构的。在相对压力(P/P 0>0.1)下发生稳定吸附,这源于粉末状聚集纳米颗粒的晶间空隙。另外,从图2中吸附等温线(右图)还可以看出,吸附和脱附曲线重合在一起,表明吸附和脱附是可逆的。纳米ZIF-7SCW是微孔材料,具有很强的吸附物-吸附剂相互作用。计算出的纳米改性ZIF-7SCW的非局部功能理论(NLDFT)孔径为
Figure PCTCN2020087266-appb-000002
左右。
氙气的吸附行为
将活化完全的ZIF-7SCW(实施例1)、ZIF-7SCW-2(实施例2)和ZIF-7(对比例1)材料分别在真空120℃活化12h,在常温298K下测得三种材料对Xe的吸附等温线如图3所示。其中ZIF-7吸附Xe过程中出现了回滞环,其主要是因为结构内的空腔存在呼吸效应,而ZIF-7SCW-2(实施例2)空腔的开口变大,Xe原子可以自由进入结构外层的空腔,但并不能在空腔连接形成的孔道内自由运动,此时仍需一定的压力才能打开空腔,但较完整的空腔来说所需压力变小,故回滞环向左移动,同时咪唑取代在孔道中形成一些空位,导致吸附容量略有提高。ZIF-7SCW-1(实施例1)在Xe的吸附过程中回滞环完全消失,从而可推测Xe原子在该结构的孔道中能够完全自由移动,咪唑在结构中是有序取代苯并咪唑。此外,计算得出ZIF-7吸附Xe的亨利系数为0.007404mmol g -1bar -1,纳米ZIF-7SCW吸附Xe的亨利系数高达13.05,相对于ZIF-7整整提高了1763倍,由此表明,ZIF-7SCW、ZIF-7SCW-2相对于ZIF-7对Xe的吸附容量明显得到提高。
氡气的动态吸附
分别将1g活化后的ZIF-7SCW(实施例1)和活性炭(对比例2)在同样条件下进行氡穿透实验。其结果如图4所示,可以看出对比例2的活性炭能将氡浓度从2700Bq/m 3降到1000Bq/m 3,其除氡率为62.96%;ZIF-7SCW可在24h内保持将氡浓度从3100Bq/m 3降低到600Bq/m 3的能力,除氡率高达80.65%。这表明纳米ZIF-7SCW材料可以进行深度除氡,特别是在一些特殊密闭场合有很大的应用空间。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    将六水硝酸锌、咪唑类有机配体与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂混合得到混合液,其中,所述咪唑类有机配体为苯并咪唑和咪唑构成的混合物,所述苯并咪唑与所述咪唑的摩尔比为(1:3)-(5:1);
    将所述混合液进行加热处理,得到多孔金属有机框架化合物,所述加热处理的温度为60℃-100℃,所述加热处理的时间为60h-84h。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述苯并咪唑与所述咪唑的摩尔比为(1:2)-(5:1)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述六水硝酸锌、所述咪唑类有机配体与所述N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂三者的摩尔体积比为(0.56-1.12)mol:(0.56-2.24)mol:(10-20)mL。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在将所述混合液进行加热处理的步骤中,是在密封环境中进行加热处理。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在将所述混合液进行加热处理的步骤后,还包括冷却处理、静置并取固体产物,以及对所述固体产物进行洗涤、干燥处理,得到多孔金属有机框架化合物。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在对所述固体产物进行洗涤的步骤中,是依次采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇进行洗涤。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干燥处理是在55℃-65℃下干燥10h-14h。
  8. 一种多孔金属有机框架化合物,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-7任一项所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物的制备方法制得。
  9. 一种权利要求8所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物在吸附放射性气体中的应用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的多孔金属有机框架化合物在吸附放射性气体中的应用,其特征在于,所述放射性气体选自氙气和氡气中的至少一种。
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