WO2021185067A1 - 多棘轮式离合器 - Google Patents

多棘轮式离合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021185067A1
WO2021185067A1 PCT/CN2021/078576 CN2021078576W WO2021185067A1 WO 2021185067 A1 WO2021185067 A1 WO 2021185067A1 CN 2021078576 W CN2021078576 W CN 2021078576W WO 2021185067 A1 WO2021185067 A1 WO 2021185067A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ratchet
pawl
ratchets
driven
coupling structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/078576
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹世和
Original Assignee
尹世和
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010186414.3A external-priority patent/CN111473067A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202020332755.2U external-priority patent/CN212250893U/zh
Application filed by 尹世和 filed Critical 尹世和
Publication of WO2021185067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021185067A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a one-way clutch, in particular to a multi-ratchet clutch.
  • the ratchet clutch is a kind of one-way clutch, which is divided into two types: external meshing and internal meshing ratchet clutch.
  • the currently disclosed double-ratcheting one-way clutch prevents the pawl from hitting the surface of the ratchet by the way that the tooth tip of the driving ratchet and the tooth tip of the driven ratchet are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the force and the degree of wear are different, and it is difficult to ensure the concentricity of the driving ratchet and the driven ratchet for a long time.
  • the pawl will slightly strike the driving ratchet and the driven ratchet when the double ratchet one-way clutch rotates in the idling direction.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-ratchet clutch, which can be divided into two types of implementations: external meshing and internal meshing.
  • external meshing When the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in an idling direction, the pawl does not contact the active ratchet.
  • a multi-ratchet clutch including an active ratchet, a pawl, an elastic element, a pawl seat, a front driven ratchet group, and a rear driven ratchet group;
  • One or more pawls are provided on the pawl seat;
  • the elastic element is connected with the pawl; the number of the elastic element is one or more;
  • the active ratchet wheel is connected to the pawl seat, and the active ratchet wheel is rotatable relative to the pawl seat;
  • the front driven ratchet set is located at the front end of the driving ratchet, the front driven ratchet set includes a front ratchet and a front two ratchets; the front ratchet is connected to the pawl seat, and the front ratchet can be opposed to each other Rotating on the pawl seat; the first two ratchet wheels are connected to the pawl seat, and the first two ratchet wheels can rotate relative to the pawl seat;
  • the rear driven ratchet set is located at the rear end of the active ratchet, the rear driven ratchet set includes a rear ratchet and two rear ratchets; the rear ratchet is connected to the pawl seat, and the rear ratchet can be Rotate relative to the pawl seat; the rear two ratchet wheels are connected to the pawl seat, and the rear two ratchet wheels are rotatable relative to the pawl seat;
  • the pawl seat serves as the outer ring or shell of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet serves as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet the The front ratchet, the front two ratchets, the rear ratchet and the rear two ratchets are all external tooth ratchets;
  • the pawl seat serves as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet serves as the outer ring or housing of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet the The front ratchet, the front two ratchets, the rear ratchet and the rear two ratchets are all internal tooth ratchets;
  • the driving ratchet is provided with a main coupling structure
  • the front driven ratchet group is provided with a front-slave coupling structure
  • the rear driven ratchet group is provided with a rear-slave coupling structure
  • the front-slave coupling structure includes The previous coupling structure on the previous ratchet and the first two coupling structures arranged on the first two ratchets
  • the rear slave coupling structure includes the subsequent coupling structure arranged on the latter ratchet and the latter coupling structure arranged on the The rear two coupling structures on the rear two ratchets; with the pawl seat as a reference frame, the active ratchet drives the front slave through the main coupling structure, the front-slave coupling structure and the rear-slave coupling structure
  • the movable ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group rotate and control their relative positions with the ratchets in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group;
  • the driving ratchet can drive the driven ratchet wheel set to rotate, and the transmission scheme is that the driving ratchet drives the first ratchet and the first two ratchets and the back one.
  • the ratchet and the rear two ratchets rotate, the active ratchet drives the front ratchet and the rear ratchet to rotate, the front ratchet drives the first two ratchets to rotate, and the rear ratchet drives the rear two One of ratchet rotation, the active ratchet drives the first two ratchets and the rear two ratchets to rotate, the first two ratchets drive the first ratchet to rotate, and the rear two ratchets drive the next ratchet to rotate ;
  • the pawl seat is used as a reference frame, and the driving ratchet drives the driven ratchet wheel group to rotate, so that the tooth top of the previous ratchet wheel and the front
  • the tooth tops of the two ratchet wheels are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the middle position of the tooth tops of the previous ratchet wheel is close to or coincides with the middle position of the tooth grooves of the first two ratchet wheels.
  • the top and the tooth tops of the two rear ratchets are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the middle position of the tooth tops of the rear ratchet wheel is close to or coincides with the middle position of the tooth grooves of the rear two ratchet wheels.
  • the active ratchet is a frame of reference, and the pawl moves on the tooth tops of the first ratchet, the first two ratchets, the rear ratchet, and the rear two ratchets, and the pawl does not interact with the Active ratchet contact.
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set further includes a front three ratchet wheels, the front three ratchet wheels are connected with the pawl base, and the front three ratchet wheels are rotatable relative to the pawl base;
  • the rear driven ratchet wheel The set also includes three rear ratchets, the rear three ratchets are connected with the pawl seat, and the rear three driven ratchets can rotate relative to the pawl seat; when the implementation of the multiple ratchet clutch is external meshing When the first three ratchets and the rear three ratchets are both externally toothed ratchets, and the implementation of the multiple ratchet clutch is internally meshed, the first three ratchets and the rear three ratchets are both internally toothed ratchets;
  • the front-slave coupling structure further includes a front three coupling structure arranged on the front three ratchets; the rear-slave coupling structure further includes a rear three coupling structure arranged on the rear three ratchets;
  • the driving ratchet can drive the driven ratchet wheel set to rotate
  • the transmission scheme is that the driving ratchet drives the first ratchet and the first two ratchets and the first three
  • the ratchet and the rear ratchet and the rear two ratchets rotate and the rear three ratchets rotate
  • the active ratchet drives the front ratchet and the rear ratchet to rotate
  • the front ratchet drives the front two
  • the ratchet wheel rotates and the rear ratchet drives the rear two ratchets to rotate
  • the front two ratchets drive the front three ratchets to rotate
  • the rear two ratchets drive the rear three ratchets to rotate
  • the active ratchet drives the front One ratchet in the driven ratchet set and one ratchet in the rear driven ratchet set rotate and the driven ratchet in the front driven ratchet set drives
  • the pawl seat is used as a reference frame, and the active ratchet drives the front ratchet, the front two ratchets, the front three ratchets, and the rear ratchet.
  • the ratchet, the rear two ratchets, and the rear three ratchets rotate so that the tooth tops of the first ratchet and the first three ratchets and the tooth tops of the first two ratchets are complementary in the axial direction, and the rear ratchet
  • the active ratchet is used as the reference system, and the pawls are in the front ratchet and the front two ratchets.
  • the front three ratchets, the rear ratchet, the rear two ratchets and the rear three ratchets move on top of the teeth, and the pawl does not contact the active ratchet.
  • a multi-ratchet clutch includes a driving ratchet, a pawl, an elastic element, a pawl seat, a front driven ratchet group, and a rear driven ratchet group;
  • One or more pawls are provided on the pawl seat, and one or more elastic elements are respectively provided between each pawl and the pawl seat;
  • the active ratchet wheel is connected to the pawl seat, and the active ratchet wheel is rotatable relative to the pawl seat;
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel, and the front driven ratchet wheel set includes the first two ratchet wheels;
  • the claw seat rotates;
  • the rear driven ratchet set is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet, the rear driven ratchet set includes a rear ratchet; the rear ratchet is connected to the pawl seat, and the rear ratchet can be opposite to the The pawl seat rotates;
  • the pawl seat serves as the outer ring or shell of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet serves as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet the The first two ratchets and the second ratchet are both externally toothed ratchets
  • the pawl seat serves as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet serves as the outer ring or housing of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet the The first two ratchets and the second ratchet are both internal tooth ratchets
  • the driving ratchet is provided with a main coupling structure
  • the front driven ratchet group is provided with a front-slave coupling structure
  • the rear driven ratchet group is provided with a rear-slave coupling structure
  • the front-slave coupling structure includes The first two coupling structures on the first two ratchets
  • the rear slave coupling structure includes a second coupling structure arranged on the rear ratchet; using the pawl seat as a reference frame, the active ratchet passes through the The main coupling structure and the front-slave coupling structure and the rear-slave coupling structure drive the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group to rotate, and control their interaction with the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group.
  • the pawl seat is used as a reference frame, and the active ratchet drives the front two ratchets and the rear ratchet to rotate, and the tooth tops of the rear ratchets and After the tooth tops of the first two ratchets are complementary in the axial direction, the active ratchet is used as a reference system, and the pawl moves on the tooth tops of the first two ratchets and the rear ratchet, and the pawl Do not contact the active ratchet.
  • the pawl is an integral pawl; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in an idling direction, the active ratchet is used as a reference system, and the integral pawl is connected to the front driven ratchet set and the When the rear driven ratchet wheel group contacts, the integral pawl moves slidingly on the front driven ratchet wheel group and the rear driven ratchet wheel group.
  • the pawl includes a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, and the front pawl and/or the rear pawl can drive the main pawl to make the main pawl and the
  • the driving ratchet is engaged or disengaged; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in an idling direction, the driving ratchet is used as the reference frame, and the pawl slides on the front driven ratchet group through the front pawl, The pawl moves slidingly on the rear driven ratchet wheel group through the rear pawl.
  • the pawl includes a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, the front pawl and the rear pawl are both provided with a slave pawl wheel, the front pawl and/or the The rear pawl can drive the main pawl to engage or disengage the main pawl with the active ratchet; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in an idling direction, the active ratchet is used as a reference frame, the The pawl moves on the front driven ratchet wheel set and the rear driven ratchet wheel set through the secondary pawl wheel.
  • the pawl is an integral pawl, and a pawl wheel is provided on the integral pawl; the pawl passes through the pawl wheel and the front driven ratchet wheel set and the rear driven ratchet wheel set Contact, when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the active ratchet is used as the reference frame, and the pawls pass through the pawl wheel in the front driven ratchet set and the rear driven ratchet set ⁇ .
  • the driving ratchet wheel is connected to the pawl seat through a shaft hole clearance fit, sliding bearing, rolling bearing or rolling element; the front driven ratchet wheel set and the rear driven ratchet wheel set are connected to and sliding through the shaft hole clearance fit Bearings, rolling bearings or rolling bodies are connected with the pawl seat.
  • the realization form of the main coupling structure and/or the front-slave coupling structure and/or the back-slave coupling structure is one or more of a protrusion, a groove, a positioning key, and a positioning groove
  • the driving ratchet wheel and/or the front driven ratchet wheel group and/or the rear driven ratchet wheel group are provided with one or more structures of protrusions, grooves, positioning keys, and positioning grooves, so that
  • the pawl seat is a reference frame, and the driving ratchet passes through the protrusions, grooves, positioning keys and positioning provided on the driving ratchet and/or the front driven ratchet group and/or the rear driven ratchet group
  • One or more structures in the groove drive the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group to rotate.
  • the elastic element can act on the entire pawl, the pawl is on the side of the driving ratchet, the pawl is on the side of the front driven ratchet, and the pawl is on the side of the drive ratchet.
  • the elastic element utilizes the elastic properties of the material to ensure that the pawl engages with the active ratchet when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the locking direction.
  • the number is one or more.
  • a coil spring, a leaf spring, a coil spring, a pressure spring tube, a bellows, a diaphragm spring, a wire spring or a special-shaped spring, one of the elastic elements can act on one or more of the pawls, preferably, each of the The pawls are connected with one elastic element.
  • the active ratchet is used as a reference system, and the pawl reaches the teeth of the first two ratchets before leaving the end of the tooth top of the previous ratchet. Top, the pawl reaches the tooth top of the first ratchet before leaving the end of the tooth top of the first two ratchets.
  • the active ratchet is used as a reference frame, and the pawl reaches the teeth of the rear two ratchets before leaving the end of the tooth top of the rear ratchet. Top, the pawl reaches the tooth top of the rear ratchet wheel before leaving the end of the tooth top of the rear two ratchet wheels.
  • the main pawl and/or the front pawl and/or the rear pawl are provided with one or more structures of protrusions, grooves, positioning keys, and positioning grooves.
  • the pawl and/or the rear pawl pass through one of a protrusion, a groove, a positioning key, and a positioning groove provided on the main pawl and/or the front pawl and/or the rear pawl Or multiple structures drive the main pawl to engage or separate from the active ratchet.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in an idling direction, the driving ratchet drives the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group to rotate, and in the process, the pawl Without contact with the driving ratchet, as long as the concentricity between the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group is ensured, the pawl can be reduced or prevented from slightly hitting the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet.
  • the force, the degree of abrasion and the connection mode of the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group are the same as those of the pawl seat.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the external engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention as an integral pawl.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the external engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention as an integral pawl.
  • Fig. 3 is an internal schematic diagram of the external engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention being an integral pawl when it is rotated in the locking direction.
  • Fig. 4 is an internal schematic diagram of the external engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention being an integral pawl when it rotates in the idling direction.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional axonometric view of an internal engagement embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded axonometric view of the internal engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention as an integral pawl.
  • FIG. 7 is an internal schematic diagram of the internal engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention as an integral pawl when it is rotated in the locking direction.
  • Fig. 8 is an internal schematic diagram of the internal engagement embodiment of the pawl of the present invention being an integral pawl when it rotates in the idling direction.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an outer meshing embodiment including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of an outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets in a locked state.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets in an idling state.
  • Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets.
  • Fig. 14 is an exploded view of an internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets in a locked state.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including the front three ratchets and the rear three ratchets in an idling state.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a pawl of an external engagement embodiment of a pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl.
  • Fig. 18 is an internal schematic diagram of an external engagement embodiment of a pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, and the front pawl and the rear pawl are both provided with a pawl of an embodiment in which the external engagement of the slave pawl wheel is provided.
  • Fig. 20 is an internal schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention includes a main pawl, a front pawl, and a rear pawl, and both the front pawl and the rear pawl are provided with the outer meshing embodiment of the slave pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a pawl of an external engagement embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and is provided with a pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 22 is an internal schematic diagram of an external engagement embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and is provided with a pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a pawl of an internal engagement embodiment of a pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl.
  • Fig. 24 is an internal schematic diagram of an internal engagement embodiment of a pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl.
  • 25 is a schematic diagram of the pawl of the present invention including a main pawl, a front pawl, and a rear pawl, and both the front pawl and the rear pawl are provided with a pawl of an internal meshing embodiment of the slave pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 26 is an internal schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention includes a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, and both the front pawl and the rear pawl are provided with an internal meshing embodiment of a slave pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of a pawl of an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and is provided with a pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 28 is an internal schematic diagram of an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and is provided with a pawl wheel.
  • Fig. 29 is an exploded isometric view of the outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchets and the rear ratchet.
  • Fig. 30 is an exploded isometric view of an internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchets and the rear ratchet.
  • Fig. 31 is a cross-sectional axonometric view of an outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchets and the rear ratchet.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchet wheels and the rear ratchet wheel in a locked state.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the outer meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchet wheels and the rear ratchet wheel in an idling state.
  • Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional axonometric view of an internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchets and the rear ratchet.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of the internally meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchet wheels and the rear ratchet wheel in a locked state.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram of the internal meshing embodiment of the present invention including only the first two ratchet wheels and the rear ratchet wheel in an idling state.
  • the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention is an internal meshing embodiment of an integral pawl, which mainly includes an active ratchet 5, a pawl 6, an elastic element 7, a pawl seat 8, and a front Driven ratchet group and rear driven ratchet group: one or more pawls 6 are provided on the pawl seat 8; the elastic element 7 is connected with the pawls 6;
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel and includes a front ratchet wheel 51 and a front two ratchet wheels 52.
  • the rear driven ratchet set in this embodiment is located at the rear end of the active ratchet, and includes a rear ratchet 54 and a rear two ratchets 55.
  • the driving ratchet wheel 5, the front ratchet wheel 51, the front two ratchet wheels 52, the rear ratchet wheel 54 and the rear two ratchet wheels 55 are all connected to the pawl seat 8, and can be rotated relative to the pawl seat 8, and can all be matched and slid through the shaft hole clearance Bearings, rolling bearings or rolling elements are connected to the pawl seat 8; preferably, the active ratchet 5 is connected to the pawl seat 8 through a bearing 84, and the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 are respectively
  • the rolling element 83 is connected to the pawl seat 8; preferably, a driven ratchet bearing ring 82 and a driven ratchet frame 81 are also provided between the rolling element 83 and the pawl seat 8.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the driving ratchet 5 is used as the outer ring of the one-way bearing.
  • the driving ratchet 5, the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 are all internal teeth. ratchet.
  • the pawl 6 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 61.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference frame.
  • the integral pawl 61 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 5 is a positioning key 57
  • the previous coupling structure provided on the previous ratchet 51 is a positioning slot 58
  • the latter coupling structure provided on the subsequent ratchet 54
  • the first two coupling structures provided on the front two ratchet wheels 52 are positioning grooves 59
  • the rear two coupling structures provided on the rear two ratchet wheels 55 are positioning grooves 59, taking the pawl seat 8 as a reference frame
  • the driving ratchet 5 controls its relative position with the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 through the cooperation of the positioning key 57 with the positioning groove 58 and the positioning groove 59, and drives the front driven ratchet group And the rear driven ratchet group rotates.
  • Figures 5 and 7 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the multiple ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 to rotate. After the teeth overlap in the axial direction, the pawl 6 can enter the tooth grooves of the first ratchet wheel 51, the front two ratchet wheels 52, the rear ratchet wheel 54 and the rear two ratchet wheels 55.
  • the pawl 6 can engage with the tooth grooves of the driving ratchet wheel 5.
  • the shape of the ratchet teeth of the active ratchet 5 and the shape of the ratchet teeth of the first ratchet 51, the first two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 may be the same or different.
  • Figures 5 and 8 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawls of the multiple ratchet clutches are integral pawls according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 to rotate, so that the tooth tops of the front ratchet 51 and the front two ratchets 52 are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference system, and the pawls 6 are in the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear
  • the tooth tops of the two ratchet wheels 55 move up, and the pawls 6 do not contact the driving ratchet 5; the diameter of the tooth tip circle of the driving ratchet 5 can be changed so that the pawls 6 do not contact the driving ratchet 5, or the shape of the pawl 6 can be changed.
  • the pawl 6 is not in contact with the driving ratchet 5.
  • Figures 1-4 show an embodiment of the external engagement of the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention as an integral pawl, which mainly includes the active ratchet 1, the pawl 2, the elastic element 3, the pawl seat 4, and the front Driven ratchet group and rear driven ratchet group: the pawl seat 4 is provided with one or more pawls 2; the elastic element 3 is connected with the pawl 2.
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel 1 and includes a front ratchet wheel 11 and a front two ratchet wheels 12.
  • the rear driven ratchet set in this embodiment is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet 1 and includes a rear ratchet 14 and a rear two ratchets 15.
  • the driving ratchet 1, the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the rear ratchet 14 and the rear two ratchets 15 are all connected to the pawl base 4, and can be rotated relative to the pawl base 4, and can all be matched and slid through the shaft hole clearance Bearings, rolling bearings or rolling elements are connected to the pawl seat 4; preferably, the driving ratchet 1 is connected to the pawl seat 4 through the bearing 44, and the first ratchet wheel 11, the front two ratchet wheels 12, the rear ratchet wheel 14 and the rear two ratchet wheels 15 are respectively
  • the rolling element 43 is connected to the pawl seat 4; preferably, a driven ratchet bearing ring 42 and a driven ratchet frame 41 are also provided between the rolling element 43 and the pawl seat 4.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as the outer ring or shell of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or
  • the pawl 2 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 21.
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the reference system, and the integral pawl 21 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 1 is a positioning key 17, the previous coupling structure provided on the previous ratchet 11 is a positioning slot 18, and the latter coupling structure provided on the subsequent ratchet 14
  • the first two coupling structures provided on the first two ratchet wheels 12 are positioning slots 19
  • the rear two coupling structures provided on the rear two ratchet wheels 15 are positioning slots 19, with the pawl seat 4 as the reference frame
  • the driving ratchet 1 controls its relative position with the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the rear ratchet 14 and the rear two ratchets 15 through the cooperation of the positioning key 17 with the positioning groove 18 and the positioning groove 19, and drives the front driven ratchet group And the rear driven ratchet group rotates.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show the external engagement embodiment of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention in which the pawl is an integral pawl.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 1 drives the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the rear ratchet 14 and the rear two ratchets 15 to rotate. After the teeth overlap in the axial direction, the pawl 2 can enter the tooth grooves of the first ratchet wheel 11, the front two ratchet wheels 12, the rear ratchet wheel 14 and the rear two ratchet wheels 15.
  • the pawl 2 can engage with the tooth grooves of the driving ratchet wheel 1. Close;
  • the shape of the ratchet teeth of the active ratchet wheel 1 and the shape of the ratchet teeth of the first ratchet wheel 11, the front two ratchet wheels 12, the rear ratchet wheel 14 and the rear two ratchet wheels 15 may be the same or different.
  • Figures 1 and 4 show the external engagement embodiment of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention in which the pawl is an integral pawl.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet wheel 1 drives the front ratchet wheel 11, the front two ratchet wheels 12, the rear ratchet wheel 14 and the rear two ratchet wheels 15 to rotate so that the tooth tops of the front ratchet wheel 11 and the tooth tops of the front two ratchet wheels 12 are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the reference frame, and the pawls 2 are in the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the rear ratchet 14 and the rear
  • the tooth tips of the two ratchet wheels 15 move up, the pawl 2 does not contact the driving ratchet wheel 1;
  • the tooth tip circle diameter of the driving ratchet wheel 1 is the same as the tooth tips of the front ratchet wheel 11, the front two ratchet wheels 12, the rear ratchet wheel 14 and the rear two ratchet wheels 15
  • the diameter of the circle can be the same or different, and the pawl 2 can be prevented from contacting the driving ratchet 1 by changing the diameter of the addendum circle of the driving ratchet 1 or the shape of the pawl 2 can be changed to prevent the pawl 2 from contacting the driving ratchet 1.
  • the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention is an internal meshing embodiment of an integral pawl, which mainly includes an active ratchet 5, a pawl 6, an elastic element 7, a pawl seat 8, and a front Driven ratchet group and rear driven ratchet group: one or more pawls 6 are provided on the pawl seat 8; the elastic element 7 is connected with the pawls 6;
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel and includes a front ratchet wheel 51 and a front two ratchet wheels 52.
  • the rear driven ratchet set in this embodiment is located at the rear end of the active ratchet, and includes a rear ratchet 54 and a rear two ratchets 55.
  • the driving ratchet wheel 5, the front ratchet wheel 51, the front two ratchet wheels 52, the rear ratchet wheel 54 and the rear two ratchet wheels 55 are all connected to the pawl seat 8, and can be rotated relative to the pawl seat 8, and can all be matched and slid through the shaft hole clearance Bearings, rolling bearings or rolling elements are connected to the pawl seat 8; preferably, the active ratchet 5 is connected to the pawl seat 8 through a bearing 84, and the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 are respectively
  • the rolling element 83 is connected to the pawl seat 8; preferably, a driven ratchet bearing ring 82 and a driven ratchet frame 81 are also provided between the rolling element 83 and the pawl seat 8.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the driving ratchet 5 is used as the outer ring of the one-way bearing.
  • the driving ratchet 5, the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 are all internal teeth. ratchet.
  • the pawl 6 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 61.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference frame.
  • the integral pawl 61 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 5 is a positioning key 57
  • the previous coupling structure provided on the previous ratchet 51 is a positioning slot 58
  • the latter coupling structure provided on the subsequent ratchet 54
  • the first two coupling structures provided on the front two ratchet wheels 52 are positioning grooves 59
  • the rear two coupling structures provided on the rear two ratchet wheels 55 are positioning grooves 59, taking the pawl seat 8 as a reference frame
  • the driving ratchet 5 controls its relative position with the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 through the cooperation of the positioning key 57 with the positioning groove 58 and the positioning groove 59, and drives the front driven ratchet group And the rear driven ratchet group rotates.
  • Figures 5 and 7 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the multiple ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 to rotate. After the teeth overlap in the axial direction, the pawl 6 can enter the tooth grooves of the first ratchet wheel 51, the front two ratchet wheels 52, the rear ratchet wheel 54 and the rear two ratchet wheels 55.
  • the pawl 6 can engage with the tooth grooves of the driving ratchet wheel 5.
  • the shape of the ratchet teeth of the active ratchet 5 and the shape of the ratchet teeth of the first ratchet 51, the first two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 may be the same or different.
  • Figures 5 and 8 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawls of the multiple ratchet clutches are integral pawls according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear two ratchets 55 to rotate, so that the tooth tops of the front ratchet 51 and the front two ratchets 52 are complementary in the axial direction.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference system, and the pawls 6 are in the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the rear ratchet 54 and the rear
  • the tooth tops of the two ratchet wheels 55 move up, and the pawls 6 do not contact the driving ratchet 5; the diameter of the tooth tip circle of the driving ratchet 5 can be changed so that the pawls 6 do not contact the driving ratchet 5, or the shape of the pawl 6 can be changed.
  • the pawl 6 is not in contact with the driving ratchet 5.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention also includes the front three ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set also includes the outer meshing implementation of the rear three ratchets.
  • it mainly includes a driving ratchet 1, a pawl 2, an elastic element 3, a pawl seat 4, a front driven ratchet set, and a rear driven ratchet set:
  • the pawl seat 4 is provided with one or more pawls 2;
  • the elastic element 3 is connected to the pawl 2; the number of the elastic element 3 is one or more.
  • the front driven ratchet group is located at the front end of the driving ratchet and includes the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12 and the front three ratchets 13, and the rear driven ratchet group is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet and includes the rear ratchet. 14.
  • Active ratchet 1, front ratchet 11, front two ratchets 12, front three ratchets 13, rear ratchet 14, rear two ratchets 15 and rear three ratchets 16 are all connected to the pawl base 4, and can rotate relative to the pawl base 4 , Can be connected to the pawl seat 4 through a shaft hole clearance fit, sliding bearing, rolling bearing or rolling element; preferably, the active ratchet 1 is connected to the pawl seat 4 through the bearing 44, the first ratchet wheel 11, the first two ratchet wheels 12, the front The three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three ratchets 16 are respectively connected to the pawl seat 4 through a rolling body 43; preferably, a driven ratchet is also provided between the rolling body 43 and the pawl seat 4 The bearing ring 42 and the driven ratchet frame 41.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as the outer ring of the one-way bearing, and the driving ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring; the driving ratchet 1, the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three
  • the ratchet wheels 16 are all external tooth ratchet wheels.
  • the pawl 2 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 21.
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the reference system, and the integral pawl 21 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 1 is a positioning key 17, the previous coupling structure provided on the previous ratchet 11 is a positioning slot 18, and the first three coupling structure provided on the first three ratchets 13 Is the positioning groove 18, the latter coupling structure provided on the latter ratchet 14 is the positioning groove 18, the rear three coupling structure provided on the rear three ratchets 16 is the positioning groove 18, and the first two ratchets 12 are provided
  • the first two coupling structures are positioning grooves 19, and the rear two coupling structures provided on the rear two ratchets 15 are positioning grooves 19.
  • the ratchet 19 cooperate to control its relative position with the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three ratchets 16, and drive the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet.
  • the ratchet group rotates.
  • Figures 9 and 11 show the external engagement embodiment of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention in which the pawl is an integral pawl.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 1 drives the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three ratchets 16 to rotate.
  • the pawl 2 can enter the first ratchet 11, the first two ratchets 12, the first three ratchets 13, and the rear one.
  • the shape of the ratchet teeth of the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15, and the rear three ratchets 16 may be the same or different.
  • Figures 9 and 12 show the external engagement embodiment of the multi-ratchet clutch proposed according to the present invention in which the pawl is an integral pawl.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 1 drives the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three ratchets 16 to rotate, so that the teeth of the front ratchet 11 and the front three ratchets 13
  • the tops are complementary to the tooth tops of the first two ratchets 12 in the axial direction.
  • the pawl 2 moves on the tooth tops of the front ratchet 11, the front two ratchets 12, the front three ratchets 13, the rear ratchet 14, the rear two ratchets 15 and the rear three ratchets 16.
  • the pawl 2 does not contact the active ratchet 1; By changing the diameter of the addendum circle of the driving ratchet 1 or by changing the shape of the pawl 2, the pawl 2 is not in contact with the driving ratchet 1.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention also includes the front three ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set also includes the internal meshing implementation of the rear three ratchets
  • the pawl seat 8 is provided with one or more pawls 6; the elastic element 7 is connected with the pawl 6; the number of the elastic element 7 is one or more.
  • the front driven ratchet set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet, and includes a front ratchet 51, a front two ratchets 52, and a front three ratchets 53
  • the rear driven ratchet set is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet and includes a rear ratchet. 54.
  • the driving ratchet 5, the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55 and the rear three ratchets 56 are all connected to the pawl seat 8 and can be rotated relative to the pawl seat 8 , Can be connected to the pawl seat 8 through a shaft hole clearance fit, sliding bearing, rolling bearing or rolling element; preferably, the active ratchet 5 is connected to the pawl seat 8 through the bearing 84, the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchet 52, the front The three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55, and the rear three ratchets 56 are respectively connected to the pawl seat 8 through a rolling body 83; preferably, a driven ratchet is also provided between the rolling body 83 and the pawl seat 8.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as the outer ring of the one-way bearing, and the driving ratchet 5 is used as the inner ring; the driving ratchet 5, the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55 and the rear three
  • the ratchet wheels 56 are all external tooth ratchet wheels.
  • the pawl 6 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 61.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference frame.
  • the integral pawl 61 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 5 is a positioning key 57
  • the previous coupling structure provided on the previous ratchet 51 is a positioning slot 58
  • the first three coupling structure provided on the first three ratchets 53 Is the positioning groove 58
  • the latter coupling structure provided on the latter ratchet 54 is the positioning groove 58
  • the rear three coupling structure provided on the rear three ratchets 56 is the positioning groove 58
  • the first two ratchets 52 are provided
  • the first two coupling structures are positioning grooves 59
  • the rear two coupling structures provided on the rear two ratchets 55 are positioning grooves 59.
  • the active ratchet 5 passes through the positioning key 57 and the positioning groove 58 and the positioning groove. 59 cooperate to control its relative position with the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55 and the rear three ratchets 56, and drive the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet.
  • the ratchet group rotates.
  • Figures 13 and 15 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the multiple ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55, and the rear three ratchets 56 to rotate.
  • the pawl 6 can enter the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, and the rear ratchet.
  • the pawl 6 can fit into the tooth grooves of the driving ratchet wheel 5;
  • the shape of the ratchet teeth of the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55, and the rear three ratchets 56 may be the same or different.
  • Figures 13 and 16 show an internal meshing embodiment in which the pawl of the multiple ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as With reference to the frame of reference, the active ratchet 5 drives the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55, and the rear three ratchets 56 to rotate, so that the teeth of the front ratchet 51 and the front three ratchets 53 are rotated.
  • the tops are complementary to the tooth tops of the first two ratchets 52 in the axial direction.
  • the pawl 6 moves on the tooth tops of the front ratchet 51, the front two ratchets 52, the front three ratchets 53, the rear ratchet 54, the rear two ratchets 55, and the rear three ratchets 56.
  • the pawl 6 does not contact the active ratchet 5; By changing the diameter of the addendum circle of the driving ratchet 5 or by changing the shape of the pawl 6, the pawl 6 is not in contact with the driving ratchet 5.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawls of the multiple ratchet clutches are integral pawls according to the present invention only includes the first two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the rear ratchet.
  • the external meshing embodiment mainly includes a driving ratchet 1, a pawl 2, an elastic element 3, a pawl seat 4, a front driven ratchet wheel set, and a rear driven ratchet wheel set: the pawl seat 4 is provided with one or more pawls 2 , The elastic element 3 is connected with the pawl 2.
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel and includes the first two ratchet wheels 12.
  • the rear driven ratchet set in this embodiment is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet, and includes a rear ratchet 14.
  • the driving ratchet wheel 1, the front two ratchet wheels 12 and the rear ratchet wheel 14 are all connected with the pawl seat 4 and can be rotated relative to the pawl seat 4, and can be matched through the shaft hole clearance, sliding bearing, rolling bearing or rolling element and pawl seat 4 connection; preferably, the active ratchet wheel 1 is connected to the pawl seat 4 through the bearing 44, the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the rear ratchet wheel 14 are respectively connected to the pawl seat 4 through the rolling body 43; preferably, the rolling body 43 and the pawl A driven ratchet bearing ring 42 and a driven ratchet frame 41 are also arranged between the seats 4, and the driven ratchet bearing ring 42 and the driven ratchet frame 41 can be integrated.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as the outer ring or shell of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the front two ratchets 12 and the rear ratchet 14 are all externally toothed ratchets.
  • the pawl 2 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 21.
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as the reference system, and the integral pawl 21 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 1 is a positioning key 17, the latter coupling structure provided on the rear ratchet 14 is a positioning slot 18, and the first two coupling structures provided on the first two ratchets 12
  • the active ratchet 1 controls its relative position with the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the next ratchet wheel 14 through the cooperation of the positioning key 17 with the positioning groove 18 and the positioning groove 19, and drives the front The driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group rotate.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention only includes the first two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the outer meshing of the rear ratchet.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as the reference frame, and the active ratchet 1 drives the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the next ratchet wheel 14 to rotate. After the ratchet teeth overlap in the axial direction, the pawl 2 can enter the tooth grooves of the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the next ratchet wheel 14.
  • the pawl 2 can fit into the tooth groove of the driving ratchet wheel 1; the ratchet tooth of the driving ratchet wheel 1
  • the shape may be the same as or different from the shape of the ratchet teeth of the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the next ratchet wheel 14.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention only includes the front two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the outer meshing of the rear ratchet.
  • the pawl seat 4 is used as the reference frame, and the active ratchet 1 drives the first two ratchets 12 and the rear ratchet 14 to rotate, so that the tooth tops of the rear ratchet 14 and the front
  • the pawl 2 moves on the tooth tips of the first two ratchet wheels 12 and the rear ratchet wheel 14, and the pawl 2 does not contact the active ratchet wheel 1; It is possible to change the diameter of the tooth tip circle of the active ratchet wheel 1 so that the pawl 2 does not contact the active ratchet wheel 1, or change the shape of the ratchet pawl 2 so that the pawl 2 does not contact the active ratchet wheel 1.
  • FIG. 30 and Figures 34-36 show that the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention only includes the first two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the rear ratchet.
  • the internal meshing embodiment mainly includes a driving ratchet 5, a pawl 6, an elastic element 7, a pawl seat 8, a front driven ratchet set, and a rear driven ratchet set: the pawl seat 8 is provided with one or more pawls 6 , The elastic element 7 is connected with the pawl 6.
  • the front driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the front end of the driving ratchet wheel, and includes the first two ratchet wheels 52.
  • the rear driven ratchet wheel set in this embodiment is located at the rear end of the driving ratchet wheel and includes a rear ratchet wheel 54.
  • the driving ratchet wheel 5, the front two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet wheel 54 are all connected to the pawl seat 8, and can be rotated relative to the pawl seat 8, and all can be matched through the shaft hole clearance, sliding bearing, rolling bearing or rolling element and pawl seat 8 connection; preferably, the active ratchet wheel 5 is connected to the pawl seat 8 through the bearing 84, the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet wheel 54 are respectively connected to the pawl seat 8 through the rolling body 83; preferably, the rolling body 83 and the pawl A driven ratchet bearing ring 82 and a driven ratchet frame 81 are also arranged between the seats 8, and the driven ratchet bearing ring 82 and the driven ratchet frame 81 can be integrated into a whole.
  • the pawl seat 8 serves as the inner ring or shaft of the one-way clutch
  • the active ratchet wheel 5 serves as the outer ring or shell of the one-way clutch.
  • the active ratchet wheel 5, the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet wheel 54 are all internal toothed ratchet wheels.
  • the pawl 6 in this embodiment is an integral pawl 61.
  • the active ratchet 5 is used as the reference frame.
  • the integral pawl 61 is in the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet. Group sliding movement.
  • the main coupling structure provided on the active ratchet 5 is a positioning key 57
  • the latter coupling structure provided on the rear ratchet 54 is a positioning groove 58
  • the first two coupling structures provided on the front two ratchets 52 To locate the groove 59, taking the pawl seat 8 as the reference system, the active ratchet wheel 5 controls its relative position with the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the next ratchet wheel 54 through the cooperation of the positioning key 57 with the positioning groove 58 and the positioning groove 59, and drives the front The driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group rotate.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention only includes the front two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the inner meshing of the rear ratchet.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as the reference frame, and the active ratchet 5 drives the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet 54 to rotate. After the ratchet teeth overlap in the axial direction, the pawl 6 can enter the tooth grooves of the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet wheel 54.
  • the pawl 6 can fit into the tooth grooves of the driving ratchet wheel 5; the ratchet teeth of the driving ratchet wheel 5
  • the shape may be the same as or different from the shape of the ratchet teeth of the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the second ratchet wheel 54.
  • the front driven ratchet set in which the pawl of the multi-ratchet clutch is an integral pawl according to the present invention only includes the front two ratchets and the rear driven ratchet set only includes the inner meshing of the rear ratchet.
  • the pawl seat 8 is used as the reference frame, and the active ratchet 5 drives the front two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet 54 to rotate, so that the tooth tops of the rear ratchet 54 and the front After the tooth tops of the two ratchet wheels 52 are complementary in the axial direction, with the active ratchet wheel 5 as the reference system, the pawl 6 moves on the tooth tops of the first two ratchet wheels 52 and the rear ratchet wheel 54 and the pawl 6 does not contact the active ratchet wheel 5; It is possible to change the diameter of the tooth tip circle of the driving ratchet 5 to prevent the pawl 6 from contacting the driving ratchet 5 or to change the shape of the pawl 6 to prevent the pawl 6 from contacting the driving ratchet 5.
  • the implementation of the pawl 2 shown in Figures 2, 10, 17-22, 29 and 31 can be that the pawl 2 is an integral pawl 21, the pawl 2 includes a main pawl 22 and a front pawl 23 and The rear pawl 26 and the pawl 2 include the main pawl 22, the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26, and the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26 are both provided with a slave pawl wheel 24, and the pawl 2 is an integral pawl 21
  • one or more methods of the pawl wheel 25 are provided on the overall pawl 21.
  • the pawl of the present invention includes a main pawl, a front pawl and an outer engagement embodiment of a rear pawl:
  • the pawl 2 includes a main pawl 22, a front pawl 23 and a rear pawl 26,
  • the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 can drive the main pawl 22 to engage or disengage the main pawl 22 with the active ratchet 1;
  • the active ratchet 1 is used as a reference Yes
  • the pawl 2 slides on the front driven ratchet group through the front pawl 23, and slides on the rear driven ratchet group through the rear pawl 26;
  • the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 can drive the main pawl 22; preferably, the main pawl 22 is provided with a positioning key 27, the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26 are provided with positioning grooves 28, the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 drives the main pawl 22 through the positioning groove 28 and the positioning key 27.
  • the pawl of the present invention includes a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, and both the front pawl and the rear pawl are provided with the outer meshing embodiment of the slave pawl wheel: pawl 2 Including the main pawl 22, the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26.
  • Both the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26 are provided with a slave pawl wheel 24, and the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 can drive the main pawl
  • the pawl 22 enables the main pawl 22 to engage or disengage the driving ratchet 1; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the driving ratchet 1 is used as the reference frame, and the pawl 2 is driven forward by the slave ratchet wheel 24 The ratchet wheel group and the rear driven ratchet wheel group move on;
  • the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 can drive the main pawl 22; preferably, the main pawl 22 is provided with a positioning key 27, the front pawl 23 and the rear pawl 26 are provided with positioning grooves 28, the front pawl 23 and/or the rear pawl 26 drives the main pawl 22 through the positioning groove 28 and the positioning key 27.
  • the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and a pawl wheel is provided on the outer meshing embodiment: the pawl 2 is an integral pawl 21, and the integral pawl 21 is located in the front driven
  • the ratchet wheel set and the rear driven ratchet wheel set are provided with ratchet wheels 25 on both sides; when the multiple ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the active ratchet wheel 1 is used as the reference frame, and the pawl 2 passes through the ratchet wheel 25.
  • the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group move on.
  • the embodiment of the pawl 6 shown in Figures 6, 14, Figure 23-28, Figure 30 and Figure 34 can be that the pawl 6 is an integral pawl 61, the pawl 6 includes a main pawl 62 and a front pawl 63 and The rear pawl 66 and the pawl 6 include the main pawl 62, the front pawl 63 and the rear pawl 66, and the front pawl 63 and the rear pawl 66 are both provided with a slave pawl wheel 64, and the pawl 6 is an integral pawl 61 In addition, one or more of the ratchet wheels 65 are provided on the overall pawl 61.
  • the pawl of the present invention includes an internal engagement embodiment of a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl:
  • the pawl 6 includes a main pawl 62, a front pawl 63 and a rear pawl 66,
  • the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl 66 can drive the main pawl 62 to engage or disengage the main pawl 62 with the active ratchet 5; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the active ratchet 5 is used as a reference
  • the pawl 6 slides on the front driven ratchet group through the front pawl 63, and slides on the rear driven ratchet group through the rear pawl 66;
  • the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl can drive the main pawl 62; preferably, the main pawl 62 is provided with a positioning key 67, the front pawl 63 and the rear pawl 66 are provided with positioning grooves 68, the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl 66 drives the main pawl 62 through the positioning groove 68 and the positioning key 67.
  • the pawl of the present invention includes a main pawl, a front pawl and a rear pawl, and both the front pawl and the rear pawl are provided with an internal meshing embodiment of the slave pawl wheel: pawl 6 It includes a main pawl 62, a front pawl 63 and a rear pawl 66.
  • the front pawl 63 and the rear pawl 66 are both provided with a slave pawl wheel 64, and the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl 66 can drive the main pawl
  • the pawl 62 enables the main pawl 62 to engage or disengage the driving ratchet 5; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the driving ratchet 5 is used as the reference system, and the pawl 6 is driven forward by the slave ratchet wheel 64
  • the ratchet wheel group and the rear driven ratchet wheel group move on;
  • the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl can drive the main pawl 62; preferably, the main pawl 62 is provided with a positioning key 67, the front pawl 63 and the rear pawl 66 are provided with positioning grooves 68, the front pawl 63 and/or the rear pawl 66 drives the main pawl 62 through the positioning groove 68 and the positioning key 67.
  • the pawl of the present invention is an integral pawl and the integral pawl is provided with an internal meshing embodiment of a pawl wheel: the pawl 6 is an integral pawl 61, and the integral pawl 61 is located on the front driven
  • the ratchet wheel group and the rear driven ratchet wheel group are provided with ratchet wheels 65 on both sides; when the multi-ratchet clutch rotates in the idling direction, the active ratchet wheel 5 is used as the reference system, and the ratchet pawls 6 pass through the ratchet wheel 65.
  • the front driven ratchet group and the rear driven ratchet group move on.
  • the multi-ratchet clutch proposed by the present invention has the mute effect of a wedge-type overrunning clutch and a roller-type overrunning clutch when idling, and has the effect of no slipping of a ratchet one-way clutch when it is locked, and can widely replace the market Ratchet one-way clutch, wedge overrunning clutch and roller overrunning clutch have long service life.

Abstract

一种多棘轮式离合器，包括主动棘轮（1，5）、棘爪（2，6）、弹性元件（3，7）、棘爪座（4，8）、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组；前从动棘轮组包括前一棘轮（11，51）和前二棘轮（12，52），后从动棘轮组包括后一棘轮（14，54）和后二棘轮（15，55）；多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，主动棘轮（1，5）带动前一棘轮（11，51）、前二棘轮（12，52）、后一棘轮（14，54）和后二棘轮（15，55）旋转，使前一棘轮（11，51）的齿顶与前二棘轮（12，52）的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮（14，54）的齿顶与后二棘轮（15，55）的齿顶在轴向上互补，棘爪（4，8）在前一棘轮（11，51）、前二棘轮（12，52）、后一棘轮（14，54）和后二棘轮（15，55）的齿顶上运动，棘爪（4，8）不与主动棘轮（1，5）接触。

Description

多棘轮式离合器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种单向离合器，尤其是一种多棘轮式离合器。
 背景技术
棘轮离合器是单向离合器的一种，分为外啮合和内啮合棘轮离合器两类。
目前市面上大部分的棘轮离合器由一个棘轮和多个棘爪组成，当沿空转的方向旋转时，棘爪在棘轮齿顶的末端滑过后在弹性元件的作用下撞击棘轮表面，并发出响声，此过程会增加棘爪与棘轮的磨损并降低弹性元件的使用寿命，通过采用双棘轮的方式可以避免单向离合器沿空转的方向旋转时棘爪撞击棘轮表面。
 技术问题
目前公开的双棘轮式单向离合器通过主动棘轮的齿顶与从动棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补的方式避免棘爪撞击棘轮表面，由于主动棘轮与从动棘轮所连接的轴承的种类、受力和磨损程度不同，难以长时间保证主动棘轮与从动棘轮的同心度，导致双棘轮式单向离合器沿空转的方向旋转时棘爪会轻微撞击主动棘轮与从动棘轮。
 技术解决方案
本发明提出一种多棘轮式离合器，可分为外啮合和内啮合两类实施方式，该多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时棘爪不与主动棘轮接触。
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种多棘轮式离合器，包括主动棘轮、棘爪、弹性元件、棘爪座、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组；
所述棘爪座上设置有一个或多个所述棘爪；
所述弹性元件与所述棘爪连接；所述弹性元件数量为一个或多个；
所述主动棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述主动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
所述前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，所述前从动棘轮组包括前一棘轮和前二棘轮；所述前一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述前二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
所述后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，所述后从动棘轮组包括后一棘轮和后二棘轮；所述后一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述后二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
当所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为外啮合时，所述棘爪座作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，所述主动棘轮作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，所述主动棘轮、所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮均为外齿棘轮；
当所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为内啮合时，所述棘爪座作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，所述主动棘轮作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，所述主动棘轮、所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮均为内齿棘轮；
所述主动棘轮上设有主耦合结构，所述前从动棘轮组上设有前从耦合结构，所述后从动棘轮组上设有后从耦合结构；所述前从耦合结构包括设置在所述前一棘轮上的前一耦合结构和设置在所述前二棘轮上的前二耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构包括设置在所述后一棘轮上的后一耦合结构和设置在所述后二棘轮上的后二耦合结构；以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮通过所述主耦合结构和所述前从耦合结构和所述后从耦合结构带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转，并控制其与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组中的棘轮的相对位置；
以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮可带动所述从动棘轮组旋转，其中的传动方案为所述主动棘轮带动所述前一棘轮和所述前二棘轮和所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮旋转、所述主动棘轮带动所述前一棘轮和所述后一棘轮旋转且所述前一棘轮带动所述前二棘轮旋转且所述后一棘轮带动所述后二棘轮旋转、所述主动棘轮带动所述前二棘轮和所述后二棘轮旋转且所述前二棘轮带动所述前一棘轮旋转且所述后二棘轮带动所述后一棘轮旋转 中的一种；
所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮带动带动所述从动棘轮组旋转，使所述前一棘轮的齿顶与所述前二棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补，在轴向上所述前一棘轮的齿顶的中间位置与所述前二棘轮的齿槽的中间位置相接近或重合，所述后一棘轮的齿顶与所述后二棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补，在轴向上所述后一棘轮的齿顶的中间位置与所述后二棘轮的齿槽的中间位置相接近或重合，后以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
进一步的，所述前从动棘轮组还包括前三棘轮，所述前三棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前三棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述后从动棘轮组还包括后三棘轮，所述后三棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后三从动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；当所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为外啮合时，所述前三棘轮和所述后三棘轮均为外齿棘轮，所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为内啮合时，所述前三棘轮和所述后三棘轮均为内齿棘轮；
所述前从耦合结构还包括设置在所述前三棘轮上的前三耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构还包括设置在所述后三棘轮上的后三耦合结构；
以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮可带动所述从动棘轮组旋转，其中的传动方案为所述主动棘轮带动所述前一棘轮和所述前二棘轮和所述前三棘轮和所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮旋转和所述后三棘轮旋转、所述主动棘轮带动所述前一棘轮和所述后一棘轮旋转且所述前一棘轮带动所述前二棘轮旋转且所述后一棘轮带动所述后二棘轮旋转且所述前二棘轮带动所述前三棘轮旋转且所述后二棘轮带动所述后三棘轮旋转、所述主动棘轮带动所述前从动棘轮组中的一个棘轮和所述后从动棘轮组中的一个棘轮旋转且被带动的所述前从动棘轮组中的一个棘轮带动所述前从动棘轮组中的其余棘轮旋转且被带动的所述后从动棘轮组中的一个棘轮带动所述后从动棘轮组中的其余棘轮旋转 中的一种；
所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮带动所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述前三棘轮、所述后一棘轮、所述后二棘轮和所述后三棘轮旋转，使所述前一棘轮和所述前三棘轮的齿顶与所述前二棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补，所述后一棘轮和所述后三棘轮的齿顶与所述后二棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述前三棘轮、所述后一棘轮、所述后二棘轮和所述后三棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
一种多棘轮式离合器，包括主动棘轮、棘爪、弹性元件、棘爪座、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组；
所述棘爪座上设置有一个或多个所述棘爪，一个或多个所述弹性元件分别设置在每个所述棘爪和所述棘爪座之间；
所述主动棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述主动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
所述前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，所述前从动棘轮组包括前二棘轮；所述前二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
所述后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，所述后从动棘轮组包括后一棘轮；所述后一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
当所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为外啮合时，所述棘爪座作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，所述主动棘轮作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，所述主动棘轮、所述前二棘轮和所述后一棘轮均为外齿棘轮；
当所述多棘轮式离合器的实施方式为内啮合时，所述棘爪座作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，所述主动棘轮作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，所述主动棘轮、所述前二棘轮和所述后一棘轮均为内齿棘轮；
所述主动棘轮上设有主耦合结构，所述前从动棘轮组上设有前从耦合结构，所述后从动棘轮组上设有后从耦合结构；所述前从耦合结构包括设置在所述前二棘轮上的前二耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构包括设置在所述后一棘轮上的后一耦合结构；以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮通过所述主耦合结构和所述前从耦合结构和所述后从耦合结构带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转，并控制其与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组中的棘轮的相对位置；
所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮带动所述前二棘轮和所述后一棘轮旋转，所述后一棘轮的齿顶与所述前二棘轮的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前二棘轮和所述后一棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
进一步的，所述棘爪为整体棘爪；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述整体棘爪与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组接触，所述整体棘爪在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
进一步的，所述棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪，所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪可以带动所述主棘爪，使所述主棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述前棘爪在所述前从动棘轮组上滑动运动，所述棘爪通过所述后棘爪在所述后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
进一步的，所述棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪，所述前棘爪和所述后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮，所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪可以带动所述主棘爪，使所述主棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述从棘爪轮在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上运动。
进一步的，所述棘爪为整体棘爪，所述整体棘爪上设置有棘爪轮；所述棘爪通过所述棘爪轮与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组接触，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述棘爪轮在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上运动。
进一步的，所述主动棘轮通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与所述棘爪座连接；所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与所述棘爪座连接。
进一步的，所述主耦合结构和/或所述前从耦合结构和/或所述后从耦合结构的实现形式为凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，即所述主动棘轮和/或所述前从动棘轮组和/或所述后从动棘轮组上设置有凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮通过所述主动棘轮和/或所述前从动棘轮组和/或所述后从动棘轮组上设置的凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转。
进一步的，所述弹性元件可作用在整个所述棘爪、所述棘爪于所述主动棘轮一侧、所述棘爪于所述前从动棘轮组一侧、所述棘爪于所述后从动棘轮组一侧中的一个或多个位置。
进一步的，所述弹性元件为利用材料的弹性性能来保证所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定方向旋转时所述棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合的零件或部件，数量为一个或多个，可采用螺旋弹簧、片簧、卷簧、压力弹簧管、波纹管、膜片弹簧、线簧或异形弹簧，一个所述弹性元件可作用于一个或多个所述棘爪，优选的，每个所述棘爪均连接有一个所述弹性元件。
进一步的，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在离开所述前一棘轮的齿顶的末端前到达所述前二棘轮的齿顶，所述棘爪在离开所述前二棘轮的齿顶的末端前到达所述前一棘轮的齿顶。
进一步的，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在离开所述后一棘轮的齿顶的末端前到达所述后二棘轮的齿顶，所述棘爪在离开所述后二棘轮的齿顶的末端前到达所述后一棘轮的齿顶。
进一步的，所述主棘爪和/或所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪上设置有凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪通过所述主棘爪和/或所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪上设置的凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构带动所述主棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合或分离。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：当所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，所述主动棘轮带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转，过程中，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触，只要保证所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组中的同心度即可减小或避免所述棘爪轻微撞击所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组，所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组的受力大小、磨损程度和与所述棘爪座的连接方式相同。
 附图说明
图1为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例的剖视图。
图2为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例的爆炸图。
图3为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例沿锁定方向旋转时的内部示意图。
图4为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例沿空转方向旋转时的内部示意图。
图5为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例的剖视轴测图。
图6为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例的爆炸轴测图。
图7为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例沿锁定方向旋转时的内部示意图。
图8为本发明棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例沿空转方向旋转时的内部示意图。
图9为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的外啮合实施例的剖视图。
图10为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的外啮合实施例的爆炸图。
图11为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的外啮合实施例锁定状态时的示意图。
图12为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的外啮合实施例空转状态时的示意图。
图13为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的内啮合实施例的剖视图。
图14为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的内啮合实施例的爆炸图。
图15为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的内啮合实施例锁定状态时的示意图。
图16为本发明包括前三棘轮和后三棘轮的内啮合实施例空转状态时的示意图。
图17为本发明棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的外啮合实施例的棘爪示意图。
图18为本发明棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的外啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图19为本发明棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的外啮合实施例的棘爪的示意图。
图20为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的外啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图21为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且设置有棘爪轮的外啮合实施例的棘爪的示意图。
图22为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且设置有棘爪轮的外啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图23为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的内啮合实施例的棘爪示意图。
图24为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的内啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图25为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的内啮合实施例的棘爪的示意图。
图26为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的内啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图27为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且设置有棘爪轮的内啮合实施例的棘爪的示意图。
图28为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且设置有棘爪轮的内啮合实施例的内部示意图。
图29为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的外啮合实施例的爆炸轴测图。
图30为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的内啮合实施例的爆炸轴测图。
图31为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的外啮合实施例的剖视轴测图。
图32为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的外啮合实施例锁定状态时的示意图。
图33为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的外啮合实施例空转状态时的示意图。
图34为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的内啮合实施例的剖视轴测图。
图35为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的内啮合实施例锁定状态时的示意图。
图36为本发明只包括前二棘轮和后一棘轮的内啮合实施例空转状态时的示意图。
图中符号说明：1-主动棘轮；2-棘爪；3-弹性元件；4-棘爪座；5-主动棘轮；6-棘爪；7-弹性元件；8-棘爪座；11-前一棘轮；12-前二棘轮；13-前三棘轮；14-后一棘轮；15-后二棘轮；16-后三棘轮；17-定位键；18-定位槽；19-定位槽；21-整体棘爪；22-主棘爪；23-前棘爪；24-从棘爪轮；25-棘爪轮；26-后棘爪；27-定位键；28-定位槽；41-从动棘轮架；42-从动棘轮轴承圈；43-滚动体；44-轴承；45-卡簧；46-卡簧；51-前一棘轮；52-前二棘轮；53-前三棘轮；54-后一棘轮；55-后二棘轮；56-后三棘轮；57-定位键；58-定位槽；59-定位槽；61-整体棘爪；62-主棘爪；63-前棘爪；64-从棘爪轮；65-棘爪轮；66-后棘爪；67-定位键；68-定位槽；81-从动棘轮架；82-从动棘轮轴承圈；83-滚动体；84-轴承；85-卡簧；86-卡簧。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
如图5-8所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮5、棘爪6、弹性元件7、棘爪座8、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座8上设置有一个或多个棘爪6；弹性元件7与棘爪6连接。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前一棘轮51和前二棘轮52。
该实施例中的后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55。
主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均与棘爪座8连接，均可相对于棘爪座8旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座8连接；优选的，主动棘轮5通过轴承84与棘爪座8连接，前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均分别通过滚动体83与棘爪座8连接；优选的，滚动体83与棘爪座8之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈82与从动棘轮架81。
棘爪座8作为单向轴承的内圈，主动棘轮5作为单向轴承的外圈，主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均为内齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪6为整体棘爪61，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，整体棘爪61在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮5上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键57，前一棘轮51上设置的所述前一耦合结构为定位槽58，后一棘轮54上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽58，前二棘轮52上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽59，后二棘轮55上设置的所述后二耦合结构为定位槽59，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5通过定位键57与定位槽58和定位槽59配合来控制其与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图5、图7所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55旋转，在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪6可以进入前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的齿槽，此时棘爪6可以与主动棘轮5的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮5的棘齿形状与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图5、图8所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55旋转，使前一棘轮51的齿顶与前二棘轮52的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮54的齿顶与后二棘轮55的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的齿顶上运动，棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮5的齿顶圆直径使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触，或通过改变棘爪6的形状使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的各个实施例。
如图1-4所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮1、棘爪2、弹性元件3、棘爪座4、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座4上设置有一个或多个棘爪2；弹性元件3与棘爪2连接。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于主动棘轮1前端，包括前一棘轮11和前二棘轮12。
该实施例中的后从动棘轮组位于主动棘轮1后端，包括后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15。
主动棘轮1、前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15均与棘爪座4连接，均可相对于棘爪座4旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座4连接；优选的，主动棘轮1通过轴承44与棘爪座4连接，前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15均分别通过滚动体43与棘爪座4连接；优选的，滚动体43与棘爪座4之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈42与从动棘轮架41。
棘爪座4作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，主动棘轮1作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，主动棘轮1、前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15均为外齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪2为整体棘爪21，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，整体棘爪21在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮1上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键17，前一棘轮11上设置的所述前一耦合结构为定位槽18，后一棘轮14上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽18，前二棘轮12上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽19，后二棘轮15上设置的所述后二耦合结构为定位槽19，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1通过定位键17与定位槽18和定位槽19配合来控制其与前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图1、图3所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15旋转，在前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪2可以进入前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的齿槽，此时棘爪2可以与主动棘轮1的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮1的棘齿形状与前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图1、图4所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15旋转，使前一棘轮11的齿顶与前二棘轮12的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮14的齿顶与后二棘轮15的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2在前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的齿顶上运动，棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触；主动棘轮1的齿顶圆直径与前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、后一棘轮14和后二棘轮15的齿顶圆直径可以相同也可以不同，可以通过改变主动棘轮1的齿顶圆直径使棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触，或通过改变棘爪2的形状使棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触。
如图5-8所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮5、棘爪6、弹性元件7、棘爪座8、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座8上设置有一个或多个棘爪6；弹性元件7与棘爪6连接。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前一棘轮51和前二棘轮52。
该实施例中的后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55。
主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均与棘爪座8连接，均可相对于棘爪座8旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座8连接；优选的，主动棘轮5通过轴承84与棘爪座8连接，前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均分别通过滚动体83与棘爪座8连接；优选的，滚动体83与棘爪座8之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈82与从动棘轮架81。
棘爪座8作为单向轴承的内圈，主动棘轮5作为单向轴承的外圈，主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55均为内齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪6为整体棘爪61，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，整体棘爪61在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮5上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键57，前一棘轮51上设置的所述前一耦合结构为定位槽58，后一棘轮54上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽58，前二棘轮52上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽59，后二棘轮55上设置的所述后二耦合结构为定位槽59，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5通过定位键57与定位槽58和定位槽59配合来控制其与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图5、图7所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55旋转，在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪6可以进入前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的齿槽，此时棘爪6可以与主动棘轮5的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮5的棘齿形状与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图5、图8所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55旋转，使前一棘轮51的齿顶与前二棘轮52的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮54的齿顶与后二棘轮55的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、后一棘轮54和后二棘轮55的齿顶上运动，棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮5的齿顶圆直径使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触，或通过改变棘爪6的形状使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触。
如图9-12所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组还包括前三棘轮且后从动棘轮组还包括后三棘轮的外啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮1、棘爪2、弹性元件3、棘爪座4、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座4上设置有一个或多个棘爪2；弹性元件3与棘爪2连接；弹性元件3数量为一个或多个。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12和前三棘轮13，后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16。
主动棘轮1、前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16均与棘爪座4连接，均可相对于棘爪座4旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座4连接；优选的，主动棘轮1通过轴承44与棘爪座4连接，前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16均分别通过滚动体43与棘爪座4连接；优选的，滚动体43与棘爪座4之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈42与从动棘轮架41。
棘爪座4作为单向轴承的外圈，主动棘轮1作为内圈；主动棘轮1、前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16均为外齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪2为整体棘爪21，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，整体棘爪21在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮1上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键17，前一棘轮11上设置的所述前一耦合结构为定位槽18，前三棘轮13上设置的所述前三耦合结构为定位槽18，后一棘轮14上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽18，后三棘轮16上设置的所述后三耦合结构为定位槽18，前二棘轮12上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽19，后二棘轮15上设置的所述后二耦合结构为定位槽19，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1通过定位键17与定位槽18和定位槽19配合来控制其与前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图9、图11所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16旋转，在前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪2可以进入前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16的齿槽，此时棘爪2可以与主动棘轮1的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮1的棘齿形状与前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图9、图12所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16旋转，使前一棘轮11和前三棘轮13的齿顶与前二棘轮12的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮14和后三棘轮16的齿顶与后二棘轮15的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2在前一棘轮11、前二棘轮12、前三棘轮13、后一棘轮14、后二棘轮15和后三棘轮16的齿顶上运动，棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮1的齿顶圆直径或通过改变棘爪2的形状使棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触。
如图13-16所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组还包括前三棘轮且后从动棘轮组还包括后三棘轮的内啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮5、棘爪6、弹性元件7、棘爪座8、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座8上设置有一个或多个棘爪6；弹性元件7与棘爪6连接；弹性元件7数量为一个或多个。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52和前三棘轮53，后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56。
主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56均与棘爪座8连接，均可相对于棘爪座8旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座8连接；优选的，主动棘轮5通过轴承84与棘爪座8连接，前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56均分别通过滚动体83与棘爪座8连接；优选的，滚动体83与棘爪座8之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈82与从动棘轮架81。
棘爪座8作为单向轴承的外圈，主动棘轮5作为内圈；主动棘轮5、前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56均为外齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪6为整体棘爪61，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，整体棘爪61在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮5上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键57，前一棘轮51上设置的所述前一耦合结构为定位槽58，前三棘轮53上设置的所述前三耦合结构为定位槽58，后一棘轮54上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽58，后三棘轮56上设置的所述后三耦合结构为定位槽58，前二棘轮52上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽59，后二棘轮55上设置的所述后二耦合结构为定位槽59，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5通过定位键57与定位槽58和定位槽59配合来控制其与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图13、图15所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56旋转，在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪6可以进入前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56的齿槽，此时棘爪6可以与主动棘轮5的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮5的棘齿形状与前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图13、图16所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56旋转，使前一棘轮51和前三棘轮53的齿顶与前二棘轮52的齿顶在轴向上互补，后一棘轮54和后三棘轮56的齿顶与后二棘轮55的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6在前一棘轮51、前二棘轮52、前三棘轮53、后一棘轮54、后二棘轮55和后三棘轮56的齿顶上运动，棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮5的齿顶圆直径或通过改变棘爪6的形状使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触。
如图29和图31-33所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的外啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮1、棘爪2、弹性元件3、棘爪座4、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座4上设置有一个或多个棘爪2，弹性元件3与棘爪2连接。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前二棘轮12。
该实施例中的后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮14。
主动棘轮1、前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14均与棘爪座4连接，均可相对于棘爪座4旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座4连接；优选的，主动棘轮1通过轴承44与棘爪座4连接，前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14均分别通过滚动体43与棘爪座4连接；优选的，滚动体43与棘爪座4之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈42与从动棘轮架41，从动棘轮轴承圈42和从动棘轮架41可以合为一个整体。
棘爪座4作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，主动棘轮1作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，主动棘轮1、前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14均为外齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪2为整体棘爪21，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，整体棘爪21在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮1上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键17，后一棘轮14上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽18，前二棘轮12上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽19，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1通过定位键17与定位槽18和定位槽19配合来控制其与前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图29、图32所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14旋转，在前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪2可以进入前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14的齿槽，此时棘爪2可以与主动棘轮1的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮1的棘齿形状与前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图29、图33所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的外啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座4为参照系，主动棘轮1带动前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14旋转，使后一棘轮14的齿顶与前二棘轮12的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2在前二棘轮12和后一棘轮14的齿顶上运动，棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮1的齿顶圆直径使棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触，或通过改变棘爪2的形状使棘爪2不与主动棘轮1接触。
如图30和图34-36所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的内啮合实施例，主要包括主动棘轮5、棘爪6、弹性元件7、棘爪座8、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组：棘爪座8上设置有一个或多个棘爪6，弹性元件7与棘爪6连接。
该实施例中的前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，包括前二棘轮52。
该实施例中的后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，包括后一棘轮54。
主动棘轮5、前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54均与棘爪座8连接，均可相对于棘爪座8旋转，均可以通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与棘爪座8连接；优选的，主动棘轮5通过轴承84与棘爪座8连接，前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54均分别通过滚动体83与棘爪座8连接；优选的，滚动体83与棘爪座8之间还设置有从动棘轮轴承圈82与从动棘轮架81，从动棘轮轴承圈82和从动棘轮架81可以合为一个整体。
棘爪座8作为单向离合器的内圈或轴，主动棘轮5作为单向离合器的外圈或外壳，主动棘轮5、前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54均为内齿棘轮。
该实施例中的棘爪6为整体棘爪61，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，整体棘爪61在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
优选的，主动棘轮5上设置的所述主耦合结构为定位键57，后一棘轮54上设置的所述后一耦合结构为定位槽58，前二棘轮52上设置的所述前二耦合结构为定位槽59，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5通过定位键57与定位槽58和定位槽59配合来控制其与前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54的相对位置，并带动前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组旋转。
如图30、图35所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿锁定的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54旋转，在前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54的棘齿在轴向上重合后，棘爪6可以进入前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54的齿槽，此时棘爪6可以与主动棘轮5的齿槽嵌合；主动棘轮5的棘齿形状与前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54的棘齿形状可以相同也可以不同。
如图30、图36所示为根据本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器的棘爪为整体棘爪的前从动棘轮组只包括前二棘轮且后从动棘轮组只包括后一棘轮的内啮合实施例，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以棘爪座8为参照系，主动棘轮5带动前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54旋转，使后一棘轮54的齿顶与前二棘轮52的齿顶在轴向上互补后，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6在前二棘轮52和后一棘轮54的齿顶上运动，棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触；可以通过改变主动棘轮5的齿顶圆直径使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触，或通过改变棘爪6的形状使棘爪6不与主动棘轮5接触。
如图1-4、图9-12、图29和图31-33所示的三个外啮合实施例，其中：可以采用轴肩、套筒、螺母、轴端挡圈、弹性挡圈、止推垫圈、定位套、紧定套、紧定螺钉、端盖、螺纹环、卡簧、止动环、螺丝、焊接、过盈配合中的一种或多种方案来固定轴承44、从动棘轮轴承圈42与从动棘轮架41。
如图5-8、图13-16、图30和图34-36所示的三个内啮合实施例，其中：可以采用轴肩、套筒、螺母、轴端挡圈、弹性挡圈、止推垫圈、定位套、紧定套、紧定螺钉、端盖、螺纹环、卡簧、止动环、螺丝、焊接、过盈配合中的一种或多种方案来固定轴承84、从动棘轮轴承圈82与从动棘轮架81。
如图2、图10、图17-22、图29和图31所示棘爪2的实施方式可以是棘爪2为整体棘爪21、棘爪2包括主棘爪22和前棘爪23和后棘爪26、棘爪2包括主棘爪22前棘爪23和后棘爪26且前棘爪23和后棘爪26上均设置有从棘爪轮24、棘爪2为整体棘爪21且整体棘爪21上设置有棘爪轮25中的一种或多种方式。
如图17-18所示为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的外啮合实施例：棘爪2包括主棘爪22、前棘爪23和后棘爪26，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26可以带动主棘爪22，使主棘爪22与主动棘轮1啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2通过前棘爪23在前从动棘轮组上滑动运动，通过后棘爪26在后从动棘轮组上滑动运动；
　　通过在主棘爪22和/或前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26上设置凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26可以带动主棘爪22；优选的，主棘爪22上设置有定位键27，前棘爪23和后棘爪26上设置有定位槽28，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26通过定位槽28和定位键27带动主棘爪22。
如图19-20所示为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的外啮合实施例：棘爪2包括主棘爪22、前棘爪23和后棘爪26，前棘爪23和后棘爪26上均设置有从棘爪轮24，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26可以带动主棘爪22，使主棘爪22与主动棘轮1啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2通过从棘爪轮24在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上运动；
　　通过在主棘爪22和/或前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26上设置凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26可以带动主棘爪22；优选的，主棘爪22上设置有定位键27，前棘爪23和后棘爪26上设置有定位槽28，前棘爪23和/或后棘爪26通过定位槽28和定位键27带动主棘爪22。
如图21-22所示为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且整体棘爪上设置有棘爪轮的外啮合实施例：棘爪2为整体棘爪21，整体棘爪21位于前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上的两侧均设置有棘爪轮25；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮1为参照系，棘爪2通过棘爪轮25在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上运动。
如图6、图14、图23-28、图30和图34所示棘爪6的实施方式可以是棘爪6为整体棘爪61、棘爪6包括主棘爪62和前棘爪63和后棘爪66、棘爪6包括主棘爪62前棘爪63和后棘爪66且前棘爪63和后棘爪66上均设置有从棘爪轮64、棘爪6为整体棘爪61且整体棘爪61上设置有棘爪轮65中的一种或多种方式。
如图23-24所示为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪的内啮合实施例：棘爪6包括主棘爪62、前棘爪63和后棘爪66，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66可以带动主棘爪62，使主棘爪62与主动棘轮5啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6通过前棘爪63在前从动棘轮组上滑动运动，通过后棘爪66在后从动棘轮组上滑动运动；
　　通过在主棘爪62和/或前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66上设置凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66可以带动主棘爪62；优选的，主棘爪62上设置有定位键67，前棘爪63和后棘爪66上设置有定位槽68，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66通过定位槽68和定位键67带动主棘爪62。
如图25-26所示为本发明的棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪且前棘爪和后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮的内啮合实施例：棘爪6包括主棘爪62、前棘爪63和后棘爪66，前棘爪63和后棘爪66上均设置有从棘爪轮64，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66可以带动主棘爪62，使主棘爪62与主动棘轮5啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6通过从棘爪轮64在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上运动；
　　通过在主棘爪62和/或前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66上设置凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66可以带动主棘爪62；优选的，主棘爪62上设置有定位键67，前棘爪63和后棘爪66上设置有定位槽68，前棘爪63和/或后棘爪66通过定位槽68和定位键67带动主棘爪62。
如图27-28所示为本发明的棘爪为整体棘爪且整体棘爪上设置有棘爪轮的内啮合实施例：棘爪6为整体棘爪61，整体棘爪61位于前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上的两侧均设置有棘爪轮65；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以主动棘轮5为参照系，棘爪6通过棘爪轮65在前从动棘轮组和后从动棘轮组上运动。
 工业实用性
本发明提出的多棘轮式离合器在空转时具有楔块式超越离合器和滚柱式超越离合器的静音效果，在锁紧时具有棘轮式单向离合器的不会打滑的效果，能广泛代替市面上的棘轮式单向离合器、楔块超越离合器和滚柱式超越离合器，使用寿命长。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多棘轮式离合器，包括主动棘轮、棘爪、弹性元件、棘爪座、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组，其特征在于：
    　　所述棘爪座上设置有一个或多个所述棘爪；
    　　所述弹性元件与所述棘爪连接；所述弹性元件数量为一个或多个；
    　　所述主动棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述主动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，所述前从动棘轮组包括前一棘轮和前二棘轮；所述前一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述前二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，所述后从动棘轮组包括后一棘轮和后二棘轮；所述后一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述后二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述主动棘轮上设有主耦合结构，所述前从动棘轮组上设有前从耦合结构，所述后从动棘轮组上设有后从耦合结构；所述前从耦合结构包括设置在所述前一棘轮上的前一耦合结构和设置在所述前二棘轮上的前二耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构包括设置在所述后一棘轮上的后一耦合结构和设置在所述后二棘轮上的后二耦合结构；以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮通过所述主耦合结构和所述前从耦合结构和所述后从耦合结构带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转，并控制其与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组的相对位置；
    　　所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述后一棘轮和所述后二棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述前从动棘轮组还包括前三棘轮，所述前三棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前三棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；所述后从动棘轮组还包括后三棘轮，所述后三棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后三从动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述前从耦合结构还包括设置在所述前三棘轮上的前三耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构还包括设置在所述后三棘轮上的后三耦合结构；
    　　所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前一棘轮、所述前二棘轮、所述前三棘轮、所述后一棘轮、所述后二棘轮和所述后三棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述棘爪为整体棘爪；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述整体棘爪与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组接触，所述整体棘爪在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪，所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪可以带动所述主棘爪，使所述主棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述前棘爪在所述前从动棘轮组上滑动运动，所述棘爪通过所述后棘爪在所述后从动棘轮组上滑动运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述棘爪包括主棘爪、前棘爪和后棘爪，所述前棘爪和所述后棘爪上均设置有从棘爪轮，所述前棘爪和/或所述后棘爪可以带动所述主棘爪，使所述主棘爪与所述主动棘轮啮合或分离；所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述从棘爪轮在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上运动。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述棘爪为整体棘爪，所述整体棘爪上设置有棘爪轮；所述棘爪通过所述棘爪轮与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组接触，所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪通过所述棘爪轮在所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组上运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述主动棘轮通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与所述棘爪座连接；所述前从动棘轮组通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与所述棘爪座连接；所述后从动棘轮组通过轴孔间隙配合、滑动轴承、滚动轴承或滚动体与所述棘爪座连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述主耦合结构和/或所述前从耦合结构和/或所述后从耦合结构的实现形式为凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构。
  9. 一种多棘轮式离合器，包括主动棘轮、棘爪、弹性元件、棘爪座、前从动棘轮组、后从动棘轮组；
    　　所述棘爪座上设置有一个或多个所述棘爪；
    　　所述弹性元件与所述棘爪连接；所述弹性元件数量为一个或多个；
    　　所述主动棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述主动棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述前从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮前端，所述前从动棘轮组包括前二棘轮；所述前二棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述前二棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述后从动棘轮组位于所述主动棘轮后端，所述后从动棘轮组包括后一棘轮；所述后一棘轮与所述棘爪座连接，所述后一棘轮可相对于所述棘爪座旋转；
    　　所述主动棘轮上设有主耦合结构，所述前从动棘轮组上设有前从耦合结构，所述后从动棘轮组上设有后从耦合结构；所述前从耦合结构包括设置在所述前二棘轮上的前二耦合结构；所述后从耦合结构包括设置在所述后一棘轮上的后一耦合结构；以所述棘爪座为参照系，所述主动棘轮通过所述主耦合结构和所述前从耦合结构和所述后从耦合结构带动所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组旋转，并控制其与所述前从动棘轮组和所述后从动棘轮组中的棘轮的相对位置；
    　　所述多棘轮式离合器沿空转的方向旋转时，以所述主动棘轮为参照系，所述棘爪在所述前二棘轮的齿顶和所述后一棘轮的齿顶上运动，所述棘爪不与所述主动棘轮接触。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种多棘轮式离合器，其特征在于，所述主耦合结构和/或所述前从耦合结构和/或所述后从耦合结构的实现形式为凸起、凹槽、定位键、定位槽中的一种或多种结构。
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