WO2021167008A1 - 芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021167008A1 WO2021167008A1 PCT/JP2021/006133 JP2021006133W WO2021167008A1 WO 2021167008 A1 WO2021167008 A1 WO 2021167008A1 JP 2021006133 W JP2021006133 W JP 2021006133W WO 2021167008 A1 WO2021167008 A1 WO 2021167008A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- substituent
- aromatic
- heteroatom
- astatine
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- RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N astatine atom Chemical compound [At] RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NSN=C21 PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGQPSDIWMGNAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1-benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CSN=C21 JGQPSDIWMGNAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZKCAHQKNJXICB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CON=C21 FZKCAHQKNJXICB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQFYGXFPKONEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylfuran Chemical group O1C=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XQFYGXFPKONEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZFOAVRHEGQZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylthiophene Chemical group S1C=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RZFOAVRHEGQZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCXNJAXHHFZVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylfuran Chemical group C1=COC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GCXNJAXHHFZVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJRGDKFLFAYRBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylthiophene Chemical group C1=CSC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PJRGDKFLFAYRBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOOKRVGOBKDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine Chemical group C1=NC=C2NC=NC2=C1 UBOOKRVGOBKDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HETSDWRDICBRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-quinolin-4-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)CC=NC2=C1 HETSDWRDICBRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003341 Bronsted base Substances 0.000 description 1
- LTIMQLFGANJHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(C(C)(C)Oc(cc1)ccc1[I]=C(C(OC1(CCCC1)O1)=O)C1=O)=O Chemical compound CCOC(C(C)(C)Oc(cc1)ccc1[I]=C(C(OC1(CCCC1)O1)=O)C1=O)=O LTIMQLFGANJHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CCOC(C(C)(C)Oc1ccc(*)cc1)=O Chemical compound CCOC(C(C)(C)Oc1ccc(*)cc1)=O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFPLMTPHDFFMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Chemical group C1=CN=C2OC=NC2=C1 BFPLMTPHDFFMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRIOKNPDCPJCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Chemical group N1=CN=C2OC=NC2=C1 BRIOKNPDCPJCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIPLAFRCDDWERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine Chemical group N1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 FIPLAFRCDDWERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFIHKLWVLPBMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Chemical group C1=CN=C2SC=NC2=C1 WFIHKLWVLPBMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDGFEINVQHEUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Chemical group N1=CN=C2SC=NC2=C1 CDGFEINVQHEUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005571 adamantylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005753 bicyclic cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTAFHZMPRISVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=COC2=C1 OTAFHZMPRISVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001352 cyclobutyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002933 cyclohexyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001887 cyclopentyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000131 cyclopropyloxy group Chemical group C1(CC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005520 diaryliodonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007336 electrophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical group C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical group C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazin-1(2H)-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)NN=CC2=C1 IJAPPYDYQCXOEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical group N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical group N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DFVFTMTWCUHJBL-BQBZGAKWSA-N statine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O DFVFTMTWCUHJBL-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDYPJPPXVOPUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiochromen-2-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC(=O)C=CC2=C1 MDYPJPPXVOPUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHSYDTXGFJPXKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiochromen-4-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CSC2=C1 DHSYDTXGFJPXKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/001—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/002—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/06—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups by reactions not involving the formation of carbamate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/12—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/22—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/708—Ethers
- C07C69/712—Ethers the hydroxy group of the ester being etherified with a hydroxy compound having the hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
- C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/18—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
- C07D261/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
- C07D333/62—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
- C07J1/0003—Androstane derivatives
- C07J1/0011—Androstane derivatives substituted in position 17 by a keto group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic astatine compound, and more particularly to a method for producing an aromatic astatine compound by a reaction between an aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine.
- Astatine is a promising radioisotope for alpha therapy.
- 211 At-labeled reaction to an aromatic ring have been developed and studied.
- an aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction has been developed in which an electrophilic astatine species acts on arylstanan (aromatic tin compound).
- electrophilic astatines have the problem that unnecessary side reactions may occur due to the existence of multiple oxidation states, and there is a risk due to the high volatility of electrophilic astatines for clinical application.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reported a method for producing an aromatic astatine-labeled compound by reacting a diallyl iodonium salt with astatine as a labeling precursor.
- the problem that the applicable range of the method for producing the diallyl iodonium salt as a labeling precursor is limited to a simple aromatic ring, and the chemical selection of which of the two aromatic rings of the diaryliodonium salt reacts.
- Non-Patent Document 2 reported a method for producing an aromatic astatine-labeled compound by reacting an arylboronic acid ester with an astatine as a labeling precursor in the presence of a copper catalyst.
- a transition metal reagent catalyst
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that an aromatic compound can be fluorinated to 18 by reacting iodonium ylide with 18 F.
- nucleophilic astatine which is a relatively safe and simple chemical species
- the reaction is more preferably “chemically and regioselectively capable of 211 At labeling”. Such a 211 At labeling reaction has not been known in the past and is of academic and commercial interest.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Keitaro Matsuoka, Narumi Komami, Masahiro Kojima, Tatsuhiko Yoshino, and Shigeki Matsunaga, Asian J. Org. Chem. 2019. , 8, 1107-1110
- Non-Patent Document 5 Narumi Komami, Keitaro Matsuoka, Ayako Nakano, Masahiro Kojima, Tatsuhiko Yoshino, and Shigeki Matsunaga, Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 1217-1220).
- nucleophilic astatine can be utilized, it is excellent in safety, and the product can be simplified, which is more preferable. Is expected to obtain a clinically applicable 211 At labeling reaction having excellent chemical selectivity and regioselectivity.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses the reaction between the aromatic iodonium ylide and fluorine, but does not disclose or teach the reaction between the aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine. Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 1 (particularly, see pages 21 to 25 in the right column of the Introduction on page 12332) discloses that the behavior of astatine is different from other halogens and is not well known.
- the present inventors as a result of intensive studies, using the aromatic iodonium ylide compounds, when the 211 At-labeled reaction was found that 211 At-labeled aromatic astatine compound. Furthermore, they have found that the 211 At-labeled aromatic astatine compound is suitable for use as an ⁇ -ray-labeled therapeutic agent, and have completed the present invention.
- Aromatic iodonium ylide is a method for producing an aromatic astatine compound according to 1 above, which is represented by the following formula (1). Equation (1): [In formula (1), Ar is an aromatic group that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom. X 1 is selected from the group consisting of NR 1, O and S. X 2 is selected from the group consisting of NR 2, O and S.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, a cycloalkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, or a cycloalkyl.
- Selected from aromatic groups that may have substituents and may have heteroatoms R 3 and R 4 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, an alkenyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, and a substituent.
- Alkinyl which may have a heteroatom and may have a heteroatom inserted
- cycloalkyl which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted
- an aromatic which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted.
- R 3 and R 4 can be combined to form an oxo group with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are attached.
- R 3 and R 4 may be combined and combined with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are attached, selected from cycloalkyls that may have substituents and may have heteroatoms inserted.
- R 3 and R 4 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, an alkenyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, and a substituent.
- Alkinyl which may have a heteroatom and may have a heteroatom inserted cycloalkyl which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted, and an aromatic which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted.
- the method according to 3 above which is selected from the groups. 5.
- R 3 and R 4 are combined and selected from cycloalkyls that may have substituents and may have heteroatoms inserted, together with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded together. The method according to 3 above. 6.
- Cycloalkyls in which R 3 and R 4 are combined and together with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted are monocyclic.
- Aromatic iodonium ylide has a solid-phase carrier, and the solid-phase carrier is a substituent of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , or a combination of R 3 and R 4 in the above formula (1).
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine compound according to any one of 2 to 6 above, which is a part thereof. 8.
- Aromatic iodonium ilide has a linker that binds to a solid phase carrier, and the linker that binds to a solid phase carrier is R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , or R 3 and R in the above formula (1).
- the aromatic group substituent (Ar), which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom, is selected from an aryl group which may have a substituent or a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent.
- the heteroaryl group which may have a substituent is selected from a sulfur-containing heteroaryl group, an oxygen-containing heteroaryl group, a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group, and a heteroaryl group containing two or more kinds of heteroatoms, as described in 12 above. the method of. 14.
- the aromatic astatine compound is the method according to any one of 1 to 13 above, which is represented by the following formula (2). Equation (2): 211 At-Ar [In formula (2), Ar is an aromatic group that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom. ] 15.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine compound according to any one of 1 to 14 above which comprises producing the astatine with a cyclotron.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention uses an aromatic iodonium ylide compound, a nucleophilic astatine, which is a relatively safe and simple chemical species, can be utilized. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to use a transition metal in the raw material of the reaction and it is not necessary to use a transition metal as a catalyst, the safety is excellent and the reaction product can be relatively simplified. Furthermore, more preferably, the reaction can be chemically and regioselectively labeled at 211 At. Therefore, the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for producing a 211 At-labeled aromatic astatine compound.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine compound according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide with astatine to produce an aromatic astatine compound.
- the aromatic iodonium ylide and its production method are not limited, and the astatine and its production method are not limited.
- the reaction conditions for the reaction are not particularly limited.
- Aromatic iodonium ylide generally refers to an iodonium ylide compound in which an aromatic group and iodine are directly bonded, and a compound that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be used as an aromatic iodonium ylide.
- aromatic iodonium ylide for example, a compound represented by the following formula (1) can be exemplified.
- Ar is an aromatic group that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom.
- X 1 is selected from the group consisting of NR 1, O and S.
- X 2 is selected from the group consisting of NR 2, O and S.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, a cycloalkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, or a cycloalkyl.
- R 3 and R 4 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, an alkenyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, and a substituent.
- R 3 and R 4 are combined, R 3 and may oxo group which may have a substituent R 4 is formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached Or R 3 and R 4 are combined, R 3 and R 4 are formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached may have a substituent, or cycloalkyl optionally inserted heteroatom Selected from].
- X 1 is O and X 2 is O.
- R 1 and R 2 each have H and a substituent and are often heteroatoms inserted. It may be selected from a suitable alkyl, a cycloalkyl which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted, or an aromatic group which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom.
- alkyl means a monovalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group, and is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- Alkyl is, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8, for example, an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, etc. Isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, etc.) are included.
- the alkyl may have a substituent as appropriate as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained, and for example, a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur may be inserted.
- cycloalkyl means a monovalent cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- the cycloalkyl comprises, for example, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, for example 3 to 18, for example 3 to 12, for example 3 to 8, for example, a cycloalkyl group (for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclodecyl group, etc.).
- the cycloalkyl may have a substituent as appropriate as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained, and for example, a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur may be inserted.
- the aromatic group means a hydrocarbon group having monovalent aromaticity, and is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- the aromatic group can generally be selected from an aryl group (or an aromatic hydrocarbon group) which may have a substituent and a heteroaryl group (or a heteroaromatic group) which may have a substituent.
- the aryl group (or aromatic hydrocarbon group) which may have a substituent includes, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group and the like.
- Heteroaryl groups (or heteroaromatic groups) that may have substituents are, for example, Sulfur-containing heteroaryl groups such as thiophenyl group (thiophene group or thienyl group), benzothienyl group; Oxygen-containing heteroaryl groups such as furanyl group (or furan group) and benzofuranyl group; It contains a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group such as a pyridyl group (or pyridine group), a pyrimidinyl group (or a pyrimidine group), a pyrazine group (or a pyrazine group), a quinolyl group (or a quinoline group), and an isoquinolyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 are independently H, an alkyl which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted, and a heteroatom which may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted.
- alkyl that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted
- a cycloalkyl that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom inserted
- an aromatic that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom.
- group group the above description can be referred to.
- alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group having a monovalent carbon atom triple bond, and is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- the alkynyl is, for example, an alkynyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, 1 to 18, for example, 1 to 12, for example, 1 to 8 (for example, an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, a butynyl group, a pentynyl group, a hexynyl group, an octynyl group, etc.).
- the alkynyl may have a substituent as appropriate as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained, and for example, a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur may be inserted.
- the alkenyl means a hydrocarbon group having a monovalent carbon atom double bond, and is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- the alkenyl is, for example, an alkenyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, 1 to 18, for example, 1 to 12, for example, 1 to 8 (for example, an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, an octenyl group, etc.). including.
- the alkenyl may have a substituent as appropriate as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained, and for example, a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur may be inserted.
- R 3 and R 4 may have a substituent, which is formed by combining R 3 and R 4 together with a carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded together, and the hetero atom is can be selected from the inserted may have a cycloalkyl (hereinafter referred to as "R 3 and cycloalkyl R 4 are combined (or 1,1 cycloalkylene)").
- R 3 and cycloalkyl R 4 are combined (or 1,1 cycloalkylene)"
- the cycloalkyl in which R 3 and R 4 are combined is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- R 3 and in R 4 are combined, R 3 and R 4 are formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached may have a substituent, or a cycloalkyl which heteroatom is inserted , Monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic cycloalkyls are preferred.
- the cycloalkyl (or 1,1-cycloalkylene) formed by combining R 3 and R 4 has, for example, 3 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, 3 to 18, for example, 3 to 12, for example, 3 to 10. For example, it contains 4 to 10 1,1-cycloalkylene groups.
- the 1,1-cycloalkylene group includes, for example, 1,1-cyclopropylene group, 1,1, -cyclobutylene group, 1,1-cyclopentylene group, 1,1-cyclohexylene group, 1,1-cyclo. It can contain a monocyclic cycloalkylene group such as a heptylene group and a 1,1-cyclodecylene group, a bicyclic cycloalkylene group such as a norbornylene group, and a tricyclic cycloalkylene group such as an adamantylene group.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- Substituents are, for example, Alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8, for example 1 to 8 (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert- Butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, etc.), Alkoxy groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8, for example 1 to 8 (eg, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, tert -Butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, octyloxy group,
- a group substituted with an ester group or an amide group, etc. Amino groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8 amino groups (for example, diphenylamino group, dimethylamino group, etc.), Includes fluorine (including some fluorine substitutions and complete fluorine substitutions), cyano groups, and nitro groups.
- the substituents may be crosslinked with each other, or the entire substituent may form a cyclic structure (aromatic group). Further, the above-mentioned substituent may further have the above-mentioned substituent.
- an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a heteroaryl group, and a combination thereof are preferable.
- Aromatic iodonium ylide can have a solid phase carrier.
- the solid-phase carrier may be part of the substituents of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , or a combination of R 3 and R 4 in the above formula (1). More specifically, for example, an oxo group formed by combining R 3 , R 4 , R 3 and R 4 together with a carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded, or R 3 And R 4 are combined to form together with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded. Can have.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine compound according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises reacting astatine with a solid-supported (or having a solid-phase carrier) aromatic iodonium ylide.
- the solid-phase carrier refers to a solid-phase portion that can exist as a part of a substituent of an aromatic iodonium ylide and can immobilize the aromatic iodonium ylide, and is an aromatic astatine intended by the present invention.
- the aromatic iodonium ylide has a solid phase carrier as its substituent, it can also be called a solid phase supported aromatic iodonium ylide.
- Such a solid carrier examples include a solid organic polymer compound, a solid inorganic compound, and a solid composite of an organic polymer compound and an inorganic compound. More specifically, for example, the following compounds (basic skeletons) can be exemplified: Solid organics such as polystyrene resin (resin containing polystyrene as a basic skeleton, for example, so-called polystyrene, polystyrene / divinylbenzene resin, polyethylene glycol-polystyrene / divinylbenzene resin, etc.), polyacrylamide resin, PEGA resin, cellulose, polyester, polyamide, etc.
- polystyrene resin resin containing polystyrene as a basic skeleton, for example, so-called polystyrene, polystyrene / divinylbenzene resin, polyethylene glycol-polystyrene / divinylbenzene resin, etc.
- Solid inorganic compounds such as silica gel, alumina, and graphite
- solid composites of organic and inorganic compounds A solid organic polymer compound made of an organic compound is preferable, and a polystyrene resin is preferable.
- the solid support as described above can be synthesized by using a commercially available, known method or a similar method.
- a synthetic intermediate having a solid phase carrier a resin in which a halogen group is introduced into a benzene ring of a polystyrene resin via an alkylene group such as a methylene group or an ethylene group can be exemplified.
- the linkers that bind to the solid-phase carrier and that bind to the solid-phase carrier are R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R in the above formula (1). 4, or it can be a substituent which the combination of R 3 and R 4 have.
- the linker can be part of a substituent that can be present between the solid phase carrier and the aromatic iodonium ylide.
- the moiety of such a substituent (linker) is not particularly limited as long as the aromatic astatine compound of the present invention can be obtained.
- substituent moieties include:
- the portion of the substituent present between the aromatic iodonium ylide and the benzene ring contained in the skeleton can correspond to a linker.
- a divalent group obtained by further removing a hydrogen atom from the above-mentioned substituent can be exemplified, for example, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, and an arylene.
- Examples of structures containing oxygen atoms such as groups, heteroarylene groups, polymethylene groups, polyethylene glycol chains and other hetero atoms, and combinations thereof can be exemplified.
- These divalent groups can further include, for example, at least one of an ether group, a thioether group, an amino group, an amide group, an imide group, an ester group and a combination thereof.
- the above-mentioned substituent portion may further have the above-mentioned substituent portion.
- Aromatic iodonium ilide has a linker that binds to a solid phase carrier, and the linker that binds to a solid phase carrier is R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , or R 3 and R in the above formula (1). It is a substituent which the combination of 4 has, and is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, a polymethylene group, a polyethylene glycol chain, and a combination thereof, and further.
- the linker is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group, a heteroarylene group and a combination thereof, and it is preferable that the linker may further have at least one ether group.
- the following formula (3) can be more specifically exemplified as a substituent portion (linker) that binds to the solid-phase carrier.
- R 1 ⁇ R 4 are as described in Formula (1).
- Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, a polymethylene group, and a polyethylene glycol chain, and further, an ether group, It may have one selected from a thioether group, an amino group, an amide group, an imide group, and an ester group. It is preferable that Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group, and a heteroarylene group, and may further have an ether group. ]
- a solid-phase-supported (or solid-phase carrier-bearing) aromatic iodonium ylide can be provided, which can be represented by the following formula (1).
- Ar is an aromatic group that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom.
- X 1 is selected from the group consisting of NR 1, O and S.
- X 2 is selected from the group consisting of NR 2, O and S.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, a cycloalkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, or a cycloalkyl.
- R 3 and R 4 are independently H, an alkyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, an alkenyl having a substituent and a heteroatom may be inserted, and a substituent.
- R 3 and R 4 may be combined to form an oxo group having a substituent formed together with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded.
- R 3 and R 4 are formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached may have a substituent, or cycloalkyl optionally inserted heteroatom Selected from Oxo which may have a substituent formed by combining R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 3 and R 4 together with the carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded.
- a cyclo in which a heteroatom, which may have a substituent, which is formed by combining a group or R 3 and R 4 together with a carbon atom to which R 3 and R 4 are bonded may be inserted.
- Alkyl can have a solid carrier as part of its substituents. ]
- X 1 , R 1 , X 2 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , substituents and the like can be referred to.
- Ar is an aromatic group which may have a substituent and may have a hetero atom, and particularly as long as an aromatic astatine compound can be obtained.
- the aromatic group which may have a substituent and may have a hetero atom with respect to Ar is an aryl group (or an aromatic hydrocarbon group) which may have a substituent and a substitution. It can be selected from heteroaryl groups (or heteroaromatic groups) that may have groups.
- the aryl group (or aromatic hydrocarbon group) which may have a substituent with respect to Ar is, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group (or anthracene group), a phenanthrenyl group (or a phenanthrene group), a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group.
- the structure of these groups is represented by the following chemical formula (one hydrogen bonded to any carbon atom in the formula has been removed).
- Heteroaryl groups that may have substituents on Ar include, for example, sulfur-containing heteroaryl groups, oxygen-containing heteroaryl groups, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups, and two or more heteroatoms (eg,). It contains a heteroaryl group containing nitrogen and sulfur, etc.).
- the sulfur-containing heteroaryl group includes, for example, a thiophenyl group (thiophene group or thienyl group), a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a phenylthiophene group, a diphenylthiophene group and the like.
- the structure of these groups is represented by the following chemical formula (one hydrogen bonded to any carbon atom in the formula has been removed).
- the oxygen-containing heteroaryl group includes, for example, a furanyl group (or furan group), a benzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a phenylfuran group, a diphenylfuran group, a chromen-4-one group, a chromen-2-one group and the like.
- the structure of these groups is represented by the following chemical formula (one hydrogen bonded to any carbon atom in the formula has been removed).
- the nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group includes, for example, pyridyl group (or pyridine group), pyrimidinyl group (or pyrimidine group), pyrazil group (or pyrazine group), quinolyl group (or quinolin group), isoquinolyl group (or isoquinolin group), carbazolyl.
- Heteroaryl groups containing two or more heteroatoms include, for example, a quinoline-4-one group, a thiochromen-4-one group, and a quinoline-2-one.
- Substituents are, for example, Alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8, for example 1 to 8 (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert- Butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, etc.), Alkoxy groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8, for example 1 to 8 (eg, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, tert -Butoxy group, pentyloxy group,
- a group substituted with an ester group or an amide group, etc. Amino groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 18, for example 1 to 12, for example 1 to 8 amino groups (for example, diphenylamino group, dimethylamino group, etc.), Includes fluorine (including some fluorine substitutions and complete fluorine substitutions), cyano groups, and nitro groups.
- the substituents may be crosslinked with each other, or the entire substituents may form a cyclic structure (condensed ring structure, crosslinked structure). Further, the above-mentioned substituent may further have the above-mentioned substituent.
- Non-Patent Document 3 Benjamin H. Rotstein, Nickeisha A. Stephenson, Neil Vasdev and Steven H. Liang, Nature Communications 2014, 4365
- Non-Patent Document 4 Keitaro Matsuoka, Narumi Kamami, Masahiro. Tatsuhiko Yoshino, and Shigeki Matsunaga, Asian J. Org. Chem.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Narumi Komami, Keitaro Matsuoka, Ayako Nakano, Masahiro Kojima, Tatsuhiko Yoshino . J. 2019, 25, 1217-1220) can be referred to.
- aromatic iodonium ylides having a solid phase carrier can be produced by appropriately utilizing known methods.
- a more specific example is shown in the following chemical formula.
- the solid support exhibit when bound with R 4, solid support, may be bonded to R 3, may be combined with the combination of R 3 and R 4, X If 1 or X 2 is N, it may be combined with R 1 or R 2.
- gel milling reaction Synthesis 2018, 50, 206
- direct hypervalent iodine introduction reaction (Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 1217; Asian J. Org. Chem. 2019, DOI: 10.1002 / ajoc By combining .201900200)
- the aromatic precursor (11) can be obtained.
- a Meldrum's acid precursor (12) having a solid-phase carrier can be obtained by binding a Meldrum's acid unit and a solid-phase carrier (for example, a solid organic polymer compound) using an appropriate substituent.
- a solid-phase carrier for example, a solid organic polymer compound
- an aromatic iodonium ylide (1) having a solid phase carrier can be produced.
- astatine can be produced using known methods. As long as the aromatic astatine compound can be obtained, the production method thereof is not particularly limited.
- Non-Patent Document 6 Kotaro Nagatsu, Katsuyuki Minegishi, Masami Fukuda, Hisashi Suzuki, Sumitaka Hasegawa, Ming-Rong Zhang, "Production of 211At by a vertical beam irradiation method", Applied Radiation and Isotopes , 94 (2014) 363-371 can be referred to.
- 211 At is the 211 At nuclei produced in a cyclotron is separated and purified, for example, halogenated solvents such as CHCl 3, amide solvents such as DMF, a sulfoxide solvent such as DMSO, alcohol solvents MeOH etc., ketones It can be used as a 211 At solution by dissolving it in a solvent such as a system solvent or an ether solvent.
- halogenated solvents such as CHCl 3
- amide solvents such as DMF
- a sulfoxide solvent such as DMSO
- alcohol solvents MeOH etc. ketones
- an aromatic astatine compound can be produced by reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide with astatine.
- the aromatic astatine compound means a compound in which an astatine is directly bonded to an aromatic group such as a heteroaryl group or an aryl group.
- X 1 , X 2 , R 3 , R 4 and Ar can refer to the description regarding the aromatic iodonium ylide described above.
- an aromatic astatine compound can also be produced by reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide having a solid phase carrier with astatine.
- an aromatic iodonium ylide having a solid phase carrier with astatine.
- the following reaction formula can be exemplified.
- the solid support exhibit when bound with R 4, solid support, may be bonded to R 3, may be combined with the combination of R 3 and R 4, X If 1 or X 2 is N, it may be combined with R 1 or R 2.
- X 1 , X 2 , R 3 , R 4 and Ar can refer to the description regarding the aromatic iodonium ylide described above.
- the reaction method and reaction conditions of the reaction between the aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine are not particularly limited as long as the aromatic astatine compound can be produced.
- aromatic iodonium ylide and 211 At can be mixed and reacted (in solution), for example, in the organic solvent described above.
- the reaction concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time can be appropriately selected.
- Various additives can be appropriately used in the reaction.
- a phase transfer catalyst such as an alkylammonium salt, a reducing agent such as a sulfite, a base such as a Lewis base and a Bronsted base, and the like can be appropriately present.
- a 211 At solution is added to the reaction vial, and the solvent is dried by heating to, for example, 55 ° C. while blowing an inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas).
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas.
- a DMF solution containing, for example, aryliodonium ylide 1, Et 4 NHCO 3 and PPh 3 was added to the above 211 At at room temperature.
- the resulting mixture can be reacted, for example, in a nitrogen atmosphere at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- a part of the reaction solution can be extracted and analyzed using analytical means such as Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC to calculate the radiochemical yield of the desired 211 At labeled product.
- the reaction temperature of 211 At and aryliodonium ylide may be, for example, 0 ° C. or higher, 5 ° C. or higher, 10 ° C. or higher, 15 ° C. or higher, 20 ° C. or higher. It may be 40 ° C. or higher, and may be 60 ° C. or higher.
- the reaction temperature of 211 At and aryliodonium ylide may be, for example, 180 ° C. or lower, 170 ° C. or lower, 160 ° C. or lower, 140 ° C. or lower, 120 ° C. or lower. You can.
- the reaction time of 211 At and aryliodonium ylide may be, for example, 1 minute or longer, 2 minutes or longer, 5 minutes or longer, 10 minutes or longer, or 20 minutes or longer. It may be 40 minutes or more, 1 hour or more, and 2 hours or more.
- the reaction time of 211 At and aryliodonium ylide may be, for example, 15 hours or less, 10 hours or less, 7 hours or less, 5 hours or less, and 3 hours or less. You can.
- reaction method and reaction conditions for the reaction between the aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine described above can be referred to for the reaction between the aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine when the aromatic iodonium ylide has a solid phase carrier.
- an apparatus for producing an aromatic astatine compound which has a reaction part for reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide with astatine. Further, it is possible to provide an apparatus for producing an aromatic astatine compound, which has a reaction part for reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide having a solid phase carrier with astatine.
- the reaction method and reaction conditions for the reaction between aromatic iodonium ylide and astatine can be referred to for the apparatus for producing an aromatic astatine compound.
- the aromatic astatine compound can be represented by, for example, the following formula (2). Equation (2): 211 At-Ar [In formula (2), Ar is an aromatic group that may have a substituent and may have a heteroatom. ] Regarding Ar of the formula (2), the description of Ar regarding the aromatic iodonium ylide (1) described above can be referred to.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention uses an aromatic iodonium ylide, it is considered that a nucleophilic astatine, which is a relatively safe and simple chemical species, can be utilized. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use a transition metal in the raw material of the reaction, and it is not necessary to use a transition metal as a catalyst. Therefore, it is safe and the product can be simplified. Furthermore, more preferably, 211 At labeling can be performed chemically and regioselectively. Therefore, using the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention, it can be suitably used for producing various 211 At labeled aromatic astatine compounds.
- the 211 At nucleus was manufactured by a nuclear reaction of 209 Bi (a, 2n) 211 At using a cyclotron (930 type AVF cyclotron (product name) manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.). 211 At the the 211 At nuclei prepared isolated and purified and dissolved in CHCl 3, was used as the CHCl 3 solution.
- a solution of 211 At / CHCl 3 was added to the reaction vial and heated to 55 ° C. while blowing nitrogen gas to dry the solvent. Subsequently, a DMF solution (500 ⁇ L) of aryliodonium ylide 1 (10 mg), Et 4 NHCO 3 (7 mg, 37 ⁇ mol) and PPh 3 (5 mg, 19 ⁇ mol) was added at room temperature. The obtained reaction solution was reacted at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. A part of the reaction solution was withdrawn and subjected to Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis. From the results of Radio-TLC analysis, the radiochemical yield of the target 211 At labeled product 2 was calculated.
- an InertSustainC18 silica gel particle size 5 ⁇ m 4.6 (inner diameter) ⁇ 150 (length) mm column manufactured by GL Sciences Co., Ltd. was used.
- a TLC plate was used for Radio-TLC analysis.
- Aryliodonium ylide 1b was produced with reference to Non-Patent Document 5.
- Aryliodonium ylide 1c was produced with reference to Non-Patent Document 5.
- Example 4 (8R, 9S, 13S, 14S) -3- (Astat- 211 At) -13-Methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-Decahydro-17H-Cyclopenta [a] ] Phenanthrene-17-on (2a) ((8R, 9S, 13S, 14S) -3- (astato- 211 At) -13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15 , 16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta [a] phenanthren-17-one (2a)) production Using 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (15MBq) instead of 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (43MBq), DMF 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained in a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 32% using a method similar to that described in Example 1, except that MeOH was used instead.
- Example 7 (8R, 9S, 13S, 14S) -3- (Astat- 211 At) -13-Methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-Decahydro-17H-Cyclopentane [a] ] Phenanthrene-17-on (2a) ((8R, 9S, 13S, 14S) -3- (astato- 211 At) -13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15 , 16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta [a] phenanthren-17-one (2a)) production 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (32 MBq) was used instead of 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (43 MBq), additive Radio-TLC analysis with 17% of 211 At labeled form 2a using the same method as described in Example 6, except that a new aqueous solution of sodium sulfite (40 mg / mL, 10 ⁇ L)
- Example 9 6- (astato- 211 At) quinoline (6- (astato- 211 At) quinoline (2e)) production
- 211 At / CHCl 3 solution 24 MBq
- aryl iodonium ylide 1e 10 mg, 24 ⁇ mol
- the aryliodonium ylide 1a was produced with reference to Non-Patent Document 4.
- Radio-TLC analysis conditions Rf value 0.43 of developing solvent Hexane, 211 At labeled product 2f.
- Example 13 Instead of 211 At production 211 At / CHCl 3 solution of labeled embodying (2a) (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (39MBq) for the use of, except that instead of DMF, was used MeCN Then, the reaction was carried out using the same method as that described in Example 1, and Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution were carried out. As a result, the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 82%.
- Example 14 Instead of 211 At production 211 At / CHCl 3 solution of labeled embodying (2a) (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (27MBq) for the use of, except for not using the Et 4 NHCO 3 , The reaction was carried out using the same method as described in Example 1, and Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution were carried out. As a result, the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 23%.
- Example 15 Instead of 211 At production 211 At / CHCl 3 solution of labeled embodying (2a) (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (52MBq) for the use of, except for not using the PPh 3, performed
- the reaction was carried out using the same method as described in Example 1, and Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution were performed.
- the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 53%.
- Example 16 Instead of 211 At production 211 At / CHCl 3 solution of labeled embodying (2a) (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (25 MBq) for the use of, that the reaction temperature was changed to 60 ° C. from 100 ° C. The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except for Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution. As a result, the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 12%.
- Example 17 Manufacture of 211 At labeled product (2a) Instead of 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (40 MBq) for using, in place of aryl iodonium ylide (1a), was used instead of aryl iodonium ylide (1i) Then, the reaction was carried out using the same method as that described in Example 1, and Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution were carried out. As a result, the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 12%.
- the aryliodonium ylide (1i) was produced with reference to Non-Patent Documents 4 to 5.
- Example 18 Manufacture of 211 At labeled product (2a) Instead of 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (32MBq) for using, in place of aryl iodonium ylide (1a), was used instead of aryl iodonium ylide (1j) Then, the reaction was carried out using the same method as that described in Example 1, and Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis of the reaction solution were carried out. As a result, the desired 211 At labeled product 2a was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 12%. Aryliodonium ylide (1j) was produced with reference to Non-Patent Documents 4 to 5.
- aryliodonium ilide (1k) having a solid phase carrier produces, for example, a Meldrum's acid derivative (12-8), and the Meldrum's acid derivative (12-8)
- the azide (12-10) having a solid phase carrier is reacted to produce a Meldrum's acid precursor (12) having a solid phase carrier, and the Meldrum's acid precursor (12) having a solid phase carrier and an aromatic precursor ( It can be produced by reacting 11).
- the reaction solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and diluted with ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (200 mL).
- the compound was extracted by a liquid separation operation using ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate.
- the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was dissolved in diethyl ether (140 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Hexane (240 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes.
- the precipitated solid was collected by filtration under reduced pressure to give the desired (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) boronic acid (12-2) (18.1 g, 83%).
- cyclopent-2-en-1-one (12-3) (6.0 mL, 72.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 24 hours under an argon gas atmosphere. After allowing to cool, the mixture was diluted with a mixed solution of water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and ethyl acetate. The compound was extracted by a liquid separation operation using ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate.
- reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and dried over sodium sulfate.
- the resin was washed with water (1 mL x 3), methanol (1 mL x 1), DMF (1 mL x 3), dichloromethane (1 mL x 3), diethyl ether (1 mL x 2).
- iodonium ylide (1 k) (55.3 mg, 0.653 mmol / g) having the desired polystyrene resin was obtained.
- Example 19 Manufacture of 211 At labeled product (2e) Instead of 211 At / CHCl 3 solution (43MBq), 211 At - / CHCl 3 solution (61MBq) for using, in place of aryl iodonium ylide (1e), supported on a polystyrene resin (or polystyrene resin )
- the reaction was carried out using the same method as described in Example 9 except that aryliodonium ylide (1k) was used, and the reaction solution was subjected to Radio-HPLC and Radio-TLC analysis.
- the desired 211 At labeled product 2e was obtained with a Radio-TLC analytical radiochemical yield of 10%.
- the aromatic iodonium ylide which may contain a heteroatom , was reacted with [211 At] astatine to give the corresponding aromatic astatine compound in excellent yield.
- the aromatic iodonium iridos of Examples 1 to 12 all have several functional groups (eg, ester group, amino group, imide group, carbonyl group or oxo group), but their substituents are substantially the same. Aromatic asstatin compounds were produced without any effect.
- the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises reacting an aromatic iodonium ylide with [211 At] astatine, a nucleophilic astatine, which is a relatively safe and simple chemical species, is utilized. Can be done. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use a transition metal in the raw material of the reaction, and it is not necessary to use a transition metal as a catalyst. Therefore, it is highly safe and the product is simplified so that it can be purified more easily. Furthermore, more preferably, the reaction can be chemically and regioselectively labeled at 211 At. Therefore, the method for producing an aromatic astatine according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for producing a 211 At-labeled aromatic astatine compound.
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Abstract
Description
これらの芳香族ヨードニウムイリド化合物を用いて、211At標識化反応を行うことができれば、求核的アスタチンを利用することができ、安全性に優れ、生成物を単純化することができ、より好ましくは化学選択性及び位置選択性に優れる、臨床応用可能な211At標識化反応を得られることが期待できる。
非特許文献3は、芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとフッ素との反応を開示するが、芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンとの反応を、何ら開示も教示もしない。
更に、非特許文献1(特に、第12332頁Introductionの右欄第21行~第25行参照)は、アスタチンの挙動は他のハロゲンと異なるうえに、よく知られていないことを開示する。
1.芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンを反応させて、芳香族アスタチン化合物を製造することを含む、芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
2.芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、下記式(1)で示される、上記1に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
式(1):
X1は、NR1、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
X2は、NR2、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
R1及びR2は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、又は置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基から選択され、
R3及びR4は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択され、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、オキソ基を形成するか、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
3.X1がOであり、X2がOである、上記2に記載の方法。
4.R3およびR4が、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択される、上記3に記載の方法。
5.R3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が共に結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択される、上記3に記載の方法。
6.R3とR4が組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルは、単環式、二環式又は三環式シクロアルキルから選択される、上記3に記載の方法。
7.芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、固相担体を有し、固相担体は、上記式(1)において、R1、R2、R3、R4、又はR3とR4の組み合わせが有する置換基の一部である、上記2~6のいずれか1つに記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
8.固相担体は、固体の有機高分子化合物である、上記7に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
9.固体の有機高分子化合物は、ポリスチレン樹脂である、上記8に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
10.芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、固相担体と結合するリンカーを有し、固相担体と結合するリンカーは、上記式(1)において、R1、R2、R3、R4、又はR3とR4の組み合わせが有する置換基であり、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、ポリメチレン基、ポリエチレングリコール鎖、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基、アミノ基、アミド基、イミド基、エステル基、及びそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を有し得る、上記7~9のいずれか1つに記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
11.リンカーは、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基を少なくとも1つ有し得る、上記10に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
12.置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基置換基(Ar)は、置換基を有してよいアリール基又は置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基から選択される、上記2~11のいずれか1に記載の方法。
13.置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基は、含硫黄ヘテロアリール基、含酸素ヘテロアリール基、含窒素ヘテロアリール基、二種以上のヘテロ原子を含むヘテロアリール基から選択される、上記12に記載の方法。
14.芳香族アスタチン化合物は、下記式(2)で示される、上記1~13のいずれか1に記載の方法。
式(2): 211At-Ar
[式(2)において、Arは、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基である。]
15.アスタチンを、サイクロトロンで製造することを含む、上記1~14いずれか1に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
芳香族アスタチン化合物を製造することができる限り、芳香族ヨードニウムイリド及びその製造方法等は制限されることはなく、アスタチン及びその製造方法等は制限されることはなく、芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンを反応させる反応条件等も特に制限されることはない。
X1は、NR1、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
X2は、NR2、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
R1及びR2は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、又は置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子を有する芳香族基から選択され、
R3及びR4は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択され、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される置換基を有してよいオキソ基、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択される]。
置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基(又はヘテロ芳香族基)は、例えば、
チオフェニル基(チオフェン基又はチエニル基)、ベンゾチエニル基等の含硫黄ヘテロアリール基;
フラニル基(又はフラン基)、ベンゾフラニル基等の含酸素ヘテロアリール基;
ピリジル基(又はピリジン基)、ピリミジニル基(又はピリミジン基)、ピラジル基(又はピラジン基)、キノリル基(又はキノリン基)、イソキノリル基等の含窒素ヘテロアリール基を含む。
R3とR4が組み合わされて形成されるシクロアルキル(又は1,1-シクロアルキレン)は、例えば、炭素数3~24、例えば、3~18、例えば、3~12、例えば、3~10、例えば、4~10の1,1-シクロアルキレン基を含む。1,1-シクロアルキレン基は、例えば、1,1-シクロプロピレン基、1,1、-シクロブチレン基、1,1-シクロペンチレン基、1,1-シクロヘキシレン基、1,1-シクロへプチレン基、1,1-シクロデシレン基等の単環式シクロアルキレン基、ノルボルニレン基等の二環式シクロアルキレン基、アダマンチレン基等の三環式シクロアルキレン基を含むことができる。
置換基は、例えば、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基等)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、イソブトキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基等)、
炭素数3~24、例えば3~18、例えば3~12、例えば3~8のシクロアルキル基(例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基など)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルケニル基(例えば、エテニル基、プロペニル基、ブテニル基、ペンテニル基、ヘキセニル基、オクテニル基等)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルキニル基(例えば、エチニル基、プロピニル基、ブチニル基、ペンチニル基、ヘキシニル基、オクチニル基等)、
炭素数5~24、例えば5~18、例えば5~12、例えば5~8のアリール基(例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基など)、
炭素数5~24、例えば5~18、例えば5~12、例えば5~8のアリールオキシ基(例えば、フェノキシ基、ナフチルオキシ基、ビフェニルオキシ基など)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のヘテロアリール基(例えば、チオフェニル基、フラニル基、カルバゾール基、ベンゾチオフェニル基、ベンゾフラ二ル基、インドリル基、ピロリル基、ピリジル基、トリアゾール基等)、
炭素数1~24,例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアシル基(例えば、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブタノイル基、ペンタノイル基、ヘプタノイル基並びにそのアシル基に含まれるカルボニル基が、エステル基又はアミド基で置換された基等)、
炭素数1~24,例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアミノ基(例えば、ジフェニルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基等)、
フッ素(一部フッ素置換及び完全フッ素置換を含む)、シアノ基、ニトロ基を含む。
置換基同士は、相互に架橋していてもよく、置換基全体で、環状構造(芳香族基)を形成してもよい。更に、上述の置換基は、更に上述の置換基を有してよい。
より具体的には、例えば、R3、R4、R3とR4が組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成されるオキソ基、又はR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルが有し得る置換基は、固相担体を有することができる。
また例えば、X1は、NR1から選択され、もしくは、X2は、NR2から選択される場合、R1及びR2(より具体的には、例えば、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、又はヘテロ原子を有する芳香族基)が有し得る置換基は、固相担体を有することができる。
従って、本発明の実施形態の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法は、固相担持された(又は固相担体を有する)芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンを反応させることを含む。固相担持された芳香族ヨードニウムイリドを使用すると、固相反応であるから、ろ過等で精製可能なので後処理がより容易である、閉鎖系で取り扱うことができるので、放射性化合物のアスタチンが漏れにくく、アスタチンの取り扱い時における安全性が向上するなどの有利な効果を奏し得る。
より具体的には、例えば、下記の化合物(基本骨格)を例示することができる:
ポリスチレン樹脂(ポリスチレンを基本骨格として含む樹脂、例えば、いわゆるポリスチレン、ポリスチレン/ジビニルベンゼン樹脂、ポリエチレングリコール-ポリスチレン/ジビニルベンゼン樹脂等)、ポリアクリルアミド樹脂、PEGA樹脂、セルロース、ポリエステル、ポリアミドなどの固体の有機高分子化合物;
シリカゲル、アルミナ、グラファイトなどの固体の無機化合物;及び
有機化合物と無機化合物とを組み合わせた固体の複合物。
有機化合物でできている固体の有機高分子化合物が好ましく、ポリスチレン樹脂が好ましい。
固相担体がポリスチレン樹脂の場合、その骨格に含まれるベンゼン環に結合して芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとの間に存在する置換基の部分はリンカーに相当しえる。そのような置換基の部分として、上述した置換基から更に水素原子を除去して得られる二価の基を例示することができ、例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アルキニレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、ポリメチレン基、ポリエチレングリコール鎖等の酸素原子その他のヘテロ原子を含む構造、及びこれらの組み合わせを例示できる。それらの二価の基は、更に、例えば、エーテル基、チオエーテル基、アミノ基、アミド基、イミド基、エステル基及びそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含むことができる。上述の置換基の部分は、更に上述の置換基の部分を有してよい。
リンカーは、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基を少なくとも1つ有し得ることが好ましい。
(3):(固相担体)-アルキレン-Y1-アルキレン-Y2-(R1、R2、R3、R4又はR3とR4の組み合わせ)
[式(3)において、固相担体は、上述の通り。R1~R4は、式(1)で記載の通り。Y1及びY2は、各々独立して、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アルキニレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、ポリメチレン基、ポリエチレングリコール鎖から成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基、チオエーテル基、アミノ基、アミド基、イミド基、及びエステル基から選択される1種を有し得る。Y1及びY2は、各々独立して、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基から成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基を有し得ることが好ましい。]
式(1):
X1は、NR1、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
X2は、NR2、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
R1及びR2は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、又は置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基から選択され、
R3及びR4は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択され、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される置換基を有してよいオキソ基か、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択され、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R3とR4が組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される置換基を有してよいオキソ基、又はR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、置換基を有してよいヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルは、その置換基の一部に固体担体を有することができる。]
ここで、 X1、R1、X2、R2、R3、R4、置換基等に関する上述の記載を参照することができる。
本発明の実施形態において、Arに関する、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基とは、置換基を有してよいアリール基(又は芳香族炭化水素基)及び置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基(又はヘテロ芳香族基)から選択されることができる。
置換基は、例えば、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基等)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、イソブトキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基等)、
炭素数3~24、例えば3~18、例えば3~12、例えば3~8のシクロアルキル基(例えば、シクロプロピルオキシ基、シクロブチルオキシ基、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ基など)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルケニル基(例えば、エテニル基、プロペニル基、ブテニル基、ペンテニル基、ヘキセニル基、オクテニル基等)、
炭素数1~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアルキニル基(例えば、エチニル基、プロピニル基、ブチニル基、ペンチニル基、ヘキシニル基、オクチニル基等)、
炭素数5~24、例えば5~18、例えば5~12、例えば5~8のアリール基(例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基など)、
炭素数5~24、例えば5~18、例えば5~12、例えば5~8のアリールオキシ基(例えば、フェノキシ基、ナフチルオキシ基、ビフェニルオキシ基など)、
炭素数4~24、例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のヘテロアリール基(例えば、チオフェニル基、フラニル基、カルバゾール基、ベンゾチオフェニル基、ベンゾフラ二ル基、インドリル基、ピロリル基、ピリジル基等)、
炭素数1~24,例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアシル基(例えば、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブタノイル基、ペンタノイル基、ヘプタノイル基並びにそのアシル基に含まれるカルボニル基が、エステル基又はアミド基で置換された基等)、
炭素数1~24,例えば1~18、例えば1~12、例えば1~8のアミノ基(例えば、ジフェニルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基等)、
フッ素(一部フッ素置換及び完全フッ素置換を含む)、シアノ基、ニトロ基を含む。
置換基同士は、相互に架橋していてもよく、置換基全体で、環状構造(縮環構造、架橋構造)を形成してもよい。更に、上述の置換基は、更に上述の置換基を有してよい。
例えば、芳香族ヨードニウムイリドと、211Atを、例えば、上述の有機溶媒中で混合して(溶液状態で)反応させることができる。反応濃度、反応温度及び反応時間は、適宜選択することができる。反応には、種々の添加剤を適宜用いることができる。添加剤として、例えば、アルキルアンモニウム塩等の相間移動触媒、亜硫酸塩等の還元剤、ルイス塩基及びブレンステッド塩基等の塩基等を、適宜存在させることができる。
更に、固相担体を有する芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンを反応させる反応部を有する、芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造装置を提供することができる。
芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンの反応の反応方式及び反応条件等は、芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造装置について、参照することができる。
式(2): 211At-Ar
[式(2)において、Arは、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基である。]
式(2)のArに関して、上述の芳香族ヨードニウムイリド(1)に関するArの記載を参照することができる。
以下、本反応を具体化した実施例として、[211At]アスタチンとアリールヨードニウムイリド1を用いた下記反応による211At標識アレーン2の合成について詳細に、一般的な製造手順を述べる。
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(アスタト-211At)-13-メチル-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-デカヒドロ-17H-シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン-17-オン(2a)((8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(astato-211At)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (2a))の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=70:30、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2aの保持時間11~14分 (ピークトップ12.5分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=5:1、211At標識化体2aのRf値0.46。
2-(4-(4-(アスタト-211At)フェニル)4-オキソブチル)イソインドリン-1,3-ジオン(2b)(2-(4-(4-(astato-211At)phenyl)-4-oxobutyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (2b) )の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=55:45、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2bの保持時間8~13分 (ピークトップ10.0分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=3:1、211At標識化体2bのRf値0.32。
メチル(S)-3-(4-(アスタト-211At)フェニル)-2-((tert-ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)プロパノエート(2c)(methyl (S)-3-(4-(astato-211At)phenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate (2c) )の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=55:45、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2cの保持時間7~12分 (ピークトップ9.5分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=3:1、211At標識化体2cのRf値0.45。
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(アスタト-211At)-13-メチル-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-デカヒドロ-17H-シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン-17-オン(2a)((8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(astato-211At)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (2a))の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに211At/CHCl3溶液(15MBq)を用いたこと、DMFの代わりにMeOHを用いたことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、211At標識化体2aが32%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得られた。
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(アスタト-211At)-13-メチル-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-デカヒドロ-17H-シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン-17-オン(2a)((8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(astato-211At)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (2a))の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに211At/CHCl3溶液(53MBq)を用いたこと、DMFの代わりにDMSOを用いたことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、211At標識化体2aが50%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得られた。
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(アスタト-211At)-13-メチル-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-デカヒドロ-17H-シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン-17-オン(2a)((8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(astato-211At)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (2a))の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(52MBq)に窒素ガスを吹き込みながら55℃に加熱して溶媒を乾固させた。これをMeOH(30μL)に溶解させ、反応用バイアルに加えた。続いてアリールヨードニウムイリド1a(2mg、3.6μmol)、Et4NHCO3(7mg、37μmol)、MeOH(70μL)を室温で反応用バイアルに加えた。得られた反応溶液を、窒素雰囲気下100℃で30分間反応を行った。反応溶液の一部を抜き取り、Radio-HPLC及びRadio-TLC分析を行った結果、目的の211At標識化体2aが27%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得られた。
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(アスタト-211At)-13-メチル-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-デカヒドロ-17H-シクロペンタ[a]フェナントレン-17-オン(2a)((8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-(astato-211At)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-decahydro-17H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (2a))の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに211At/CHCl3溶液(32MBq)を用いたこと、添加剤として亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(40mg/mL、10μL)を新たに加えたことを除いて、実施例6に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、211At標識化体2aが17%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得られた。
エチル 2-(4-(アスタト-211At)フェノキシ)-2-メチルプロパノエート(ethyl 2-(4-(astato-211At)phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate (2d))の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=60:40、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2dの保持時間12.2~13.6分 (ピークトップ12.8分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=8:1、211At標識化体2dのRf値0.50。
6-(アスタト-211At)キノリン(6-(astato-211At)quinoline (2e))の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=30:70、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2eの保持時間6.8~7.8分 (ピークトップ7.3分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=1:1、211At標識化体2eのRf値0.50。
5-(アスタト-211At)ベンゾ[b]チオフェン(5-(astato-211At)benzo[b]thiophene (2f))の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=60:40、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2fの保持時間13.4~14.6分 (ピークトップ13.9分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane、211At標識化体2fのRf値0.43。
5-(アスタト-211At)-3-メチルベンゾ[d]イソオキサゾール(5-(astato-211At)-3-methylbenzo[d]isoxazole (2g))の製造
Radio-HPLC分析条件 : 溶出液 MeCN:HCOOH 0.1%水溶液=45:55、カラム温度25℃、1mL/min流量、211At標識化体2gの保持時間14.8~16.6分 (ピークトップ15.6分)。
Radio-TLC分析条件 : 展開溶媒 Hexane/AcOEt=8:1、211At標識化体2gのRf値0.45。
メチル(S)-3-(4-(アスタト-211At)フェニル)-2-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)プロパノエート(methyl (S)-3-(4-(astato-211At)phenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate (2c))の製造
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに、211At-/CHCl3溶液(39MBq)を用いたこと、DMFの代わりに、MeCNを用いたことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様に方法を用いて、反応を行い、反応溶液のRadio-HPLC及びRadio-TLC分析を行った。その結果、目的の211At標識化体2aを82%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得た。
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに、211At-/CHCl3溶液(27MBq)を用いたこと、Et4NHCO3を用いなかったことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様に方法を用いて、反応を行い、反応溶液のRadio-HPLC及びRadio-TLC分析を行った。その結果、目的の211At標識化体2aを23%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得た。
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに、211At-/CHCl3溶液(52MBq)を用いたこと、PPh3を用いなかったことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様に方法を用いて、反応を行い、反応溶液のRadio-HPLC及びRadio-TLC分析を行った。その結果、目的の211At標識化体2aを53%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得た。
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
211At/CHCl3溶液(43MBq)の代わりに、211At-/CHCl3溶液(25MBq)を用いたこと、反応温度を100℃から60℃に変更したことを除いて、実施例1に記載の方法と同様に方法を用いて、反応を行い、反応溶液のRadio-HPLC及びRadio-TLC分析を行った。その結果、目的の211At標識化体2aを12%のRadio-TLC分析放射化学収率で得た。
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
211At標識化体(2a)の製造
固相担体を有するアリールヨードニウムイリド(1k)は、例えば、メルドラム酸誘導体(12-8)を製造し、そのメルドラム酸誘導体(12-8)と固相担体を有するアジド(12-10)を反応させて、固相担体を有するメルドラム酸前駆体(12)を製造し、固相担体を有するメルドラム酸前駆体(12)と芳香族前駆体(11)を反応させて、製造することができる。
211At標識化体(2e)の製造
[関連出願]
本出願は、2020年2月21日に日本国でされた特願2020-28536を基礎出願とするパリ条約第4条又は日本国特許法第41条に基づく優先権を主張する。この基礎出願の内容は、参照することによって、本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (15)
- 芳香族ヨードニウムイリドとアスタチンを反応させて、芳香族アスタチン化合物を製造することを含む、芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- 芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、下記式(1)で示される、請求項1に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
式(1):
X1は、NR1、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
X2は、NR2、OおよびSからなる群から選択され、
R1及びR2は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、又は置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基から選択され、
R3及びR4は、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択され、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される置換基を有してよいオキソ基か、
またはR3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - X1がOであり、X2がOである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- R3およびR4が、各々独立して、H、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルケニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいアルキニル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキル、置換基を有してよくヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよい芳香族基から選択される、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- R3とR4は組み合わされて、R3とR4が共に結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルから選択される、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- R3とR4が組み合わされて、R3とR4が結合している炭素原子と一緒になって形成される、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子が挿入されていてよいシクロアルキルは、単環式、二環式又は三環式シクロアルキルから選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、固相担体を有し、固相担体は、上記式(1)において、R1、R2、R3、R4、又はR3とR4の組み合わせが有する置換基の一部である、請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- 固相担体は、固体の有機高分子化合物である、請求項7に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- 固体の有機高分子化合物は、ポリスチレン樹脂である、請求項8に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- 芳香族ヨードニウムイリドは、固相担体と結合するリンカーを有し、固相担体と結合するリンカーは、上記式(1)において、R1、R2、R3、R4、又はR3とR4の組み合わせが有する置換基であり、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基、ポリメチレン基、ポリエチレングリコール鎖、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基、アミノ基、アミド基、イミド基、エステル基、及びそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を有し得る、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- リンカーは、アルキレン基、アリーレン基、ヘテロアリーレン基及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され、更に、エーテル基を少なくとも1つ有し得る、請求項10に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
- 置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基置換基(Ar)は、置換基を有してよいアリール基又は置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基から選択される、請求項2~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 置換基を有してよいヘテロアリール基は、含硫黄ヘテロアリール基、含酸素ヘテロアリール基、含窒素ヘテロアリール基、二種以上のヘテロ原子を含むヘテロアリール基から選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 芳香族アスタチン化合物は、下記式(2)で示される、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
式(2): 211At-Ar
[式(2)において、Arは、置換基を有してよく、ヘテロ原子を有してよい芳香族基である。] - アスタチンを、サイクロトロンで製造することを含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の芳香族アスタチン化合物の製造方法。
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