WO2021159996A1 - 电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车 - Google Patents

电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159996A1
WO2021159996A1 PCT/CN2021/074819 CN2021074819W WO2021159996A1 WO 2021159996 A1 WO2021159996 A1 WO 2021159996A1 CN 2021074819 W CN2021074819 W CN 2021074819W WO 2021159996 A1 WO2021159996 A1 WO 2021159996A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
pole core
sampling
electrode
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/074819
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭永明
张中林
何平
刘彦初
周贵树
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021159996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159996A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery, a battery module, a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • a battery including:
  • a housing including a cover plate located at an end of the battery
  • a pole core set the pole core set is located in the housing, and the pole core set includes at least one pole core;
  • a battery information collector where the battery information collector is used to collect information of the pole core group
  • a sampling component the sampling component is fixed on the cover plate and connected with the pole core set, and is used to collect information of the pole core set and transmit the information to the battery information collector;
  • a pin assembly the pin assembly includes a pin member, the first end of the pin member is inserted into the battery information collector to be electrically connected to the battery information collector, and the second end of the pin member End is inserted into the sampling assembly to be electrically connected to the sampling assembly, the sampling assembly is electrically connected to the battery information collector through the pin assembly, and the information is transmitted to the station through the pin assembly The battery information collector.
  • the plurality of pole core groups are arranged along a first direction and connected in series, and the first direction is the length direction of the battery.
  • the pin assembly is further provided with a sealing sleeve, the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the pin member, and the first end of the pin member is connected to the battery through the sealing sleeve.
  • Information collector interference fit is further provided with a sealing sleeve, the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the pin member, and the first end of the pin member is connected to the battery through the sealing sleeve.
  • the first end of the pin member inserted into the battery information collector is a square column
  • the second end of the pin member inserted into the sampling assembly is a circular column
  • the pin assembly further includes an elastic member, the elastic member is fixedly arranged in the sampling assembly, and the second end of the pin member is inserted into the elastic member and passes through The elastic member is in interference fit with the sampling component.
  • the elastic member includes a first through hole and a second through hole which are arranged oppositely, and an elastic hole arranged between the first through hole and the second through hole, so The diameter of the elastic hole is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole and the second through hole.
  • a metal layer is provided on the contact surface of the elastic member and the second section of the pin member.
  • the sampling assembly includes a ceramic piece, a connecting piece, and a sampling needle.
  • the ceramic piece is fixed on the cover plate through the connecting piece, and the sampling needle is fixed on the ceramic piece. And connect the elastic member.
  • the ceramic piece is provided with a through hole penetrating the ceramic piece, the sampling needle includes a sampling needle, and the sampling needle is connected in the through hole.
  • the sampling needle further includes a sampling needle tail, the sampling needle is provided with a slot recessed from the end of the sampling needle to the sampling needle tail, and the elastic member is installed on the end of the sampling needle. ⁇ Slot holes.
  • the end of the sampling needle is provided with a convex portion that can protrude toward the aperture of the slot, and when the elastic member is installed in the slot, the convex The part fixes the elastic member in the slot.
  • the connecting piece is connected to the ceramic piece
  • the sampling needle further includes a sampling needle tail
  • the sampling needle tail passes through the connecting piece
  • the connecting piece is connected to the cover
  • the board is fixedly connected.
  • the cover plate is provided with a concave portion, a sampling through hole penetrating the cover plate is provided in the middle of the concave portion, the connecting piece is fixedly connected in the concave portion, and the sampling needle passes through. Through the sampling through hole.
  • the battery information collector includes a flexible circuit board.
  • a packaging film is further provided between the housing and the pole core group, and the pole core group is encapsulated in the packaging film.
  • the pole core set includes a pole core set body and a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the pole core set body for drawing current, and the two pole core sets connected in series
  • the connection between the first electrode of one pole core group and the second electrode of the other pole core group is located in the packaging film.
  • an encapsulation portion is formed at the relative position of the encapsulation film and the first electrode and/or the second electrode to isolate the main body of the adjacent two-electrode core group;
  • At least one of the first electrode of one electrode core group and the second electrode of the other electrode core group in the adjacent two electrode core groups is located in the encapsulation part.
  • the packaging film includes a plurality of sub-package films arranged at intervals, and each sub-package film is packaged with a pole core group to form a pole core assembly, and the pole core assemblies are connected in series.
  • the battery further includes a battery controller, which is connected to the battery information collector, and is configured to receive the information of the electrode assembly collected by the battery information collection, and The battery is controlled according to the information of the pole core group.
  • a battery module including a plurality of batteries as described in any one of the above.
  • a battery pack which includes a plurality of batteries as described in any one of the above or includes a plurality of battery modules as described above.
  • an electric vehicle which includes the above-mentioned battery module or the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the battery cover plate of the present invention electrically connects the sampling component and the battery information collector through the pin, and collects the information of the electrode core group through the sampling component, so as to better manage the power battery And control, improve the safety of battery use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate part of a battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional exploded view of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is another three-dimensional exploded view of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a front view of a cover plate part of a battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a battery provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery 10.
  • the battery 10 includes a casing 100, a pole assembly 500, a battery information collector 200, a sampling assembly 300 and a pin assembly 400.
  • the housing 100 includes a cover plate 110 located at the end of the battery 10.
  • the cover plate 110 may be one or two.
  • the sampling assembly 300 may be located on one cover plate 110, or both cover plates may have the sampling assembly 300.
  • the housing 100 includes a side housing with open ends and two cover plates 110 located at the two ends respectively.
  • the two cover plates 110 and the side housing enclose a closed accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is provided with
  • the pole core assembly 500 (as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 )
  • the sampling assembly 300 is located on one of the cover plates 110.
  • the pole core set 500 is located in the housing 100, and the pole core set 500 includes at least one pole core.
  • the battery information collector 200 is used to collect information of the pole core group 500 in the battery.
  • the information of the pole core assembly 500 includes current, voltage, temperature information, etc., and the battery information collector 200 can also be used to collect air pressure information in the accommodating cavity.
  • the battery information collector 200 includes a flexible circuit board in which an information transmission line is integrated.
  • the battery 10 further includes a battery controller (not shown in the figure). The battery controller is connected to the battery information collector 200 for receiving the information of the electrode assembly collected by the battery information collector 200, and according to The information of the pole core group 500 controls the battery 10.
  • the battery controller is a battery BMS unit, which may include a PCBA hard board.
  • the battery information collector 200 includes a battery controller, that is to say, the battery information collector 200 can be used to collect the information of the electrode core group, and can also control and process the battery according to the information, for example, Some voltage, temperature, chip and other components are arranged on the flexible circuit board at the same time.
  • the sampling assembly 300 is fixed on the cover 110 (as shown in FIG. 2) and is electrically connected to the pole core group 500 for collecting information of the pole core group 500 and transmitting the information to the battery information collector 200.
  • the battery information collector 200 transmits the collected information of the electrode assembly 500 to the battery controller, and the battery controller controls and manages the battery according to the information, so as to protect the battery 10 and avoid battery damage.
  • the battery controller controls the battery to stop working, so as to prevent the battery from being burned due to the high temperature.
  • the cover plate 110 also has a negative terminal 120.
  • the sampling assembly 300 may also be installed on a cover plate with a positive terminal.
  • the pin assembly 400 includes a pin member 410 (as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the first end 411 of the pin member 410 is inserted into the battery information collector 200 to be electrically connected to the battery information collector 200.
  • the pin member 410 The second end 412 is inserted into the sampling assembly 300 to be electrically connected to the sampling assembly 300.
  • the sampling assembly 300 is electrically connected to the battery information collector 200 through the pin assembly 400, and transmits information to the battery information collector 200 through the pin assembly 400 .
  • the electrical connection of the sampling assembly 300 and the battery information collector 200 through the pin 410 can improve the electrical connection stability of the sampling assembly 300 and the battery information collector 200 and make information transmission more accurate.
  • the sampling assembly 300 and the battery information collector 200 are electrically connected through the pin 410, and the information of the pole assembly 500 is collected through the sampling assembly 300, so as to better manage and control the power battery and improve The safety of battery use.
  • the first end 411 of the pin member 410 inserted into the battery information collector 200 is a square column
  • the second end 412 of the pin member 410 inserted into the sampling assembly 300 is a circle. ⁇ Shaped column.
  • the first end 411 of the pin member 410 is a square column.
  • the side length of the cross section of the square column is 0.64 mm, and the area of the cross section of the square column is 0.64 mm*0.64 mm.
  • the battery information collector 200 is provided with a corresponding square hole 210.
  • the side length of the cross section of the square hole 210 is 0.6 mm, and the cross section area of the square hole 210 is 0.6 mm*0.6 mm.
  • the contact surface between the first end 411 of the square column and the square hole 210 is plated with gold to improve the contact conductivity and low resistance of the two.
  • the second end 412 of the pin member 410 is a circular column, and preferably, the radial diameter of the circular column is 1.5 mm.
  • the pin assembly 400 is further provided with a sealing sleeve 413, the sealing sleeve 413 is sleeved on the pin member 410, and the first end 411 of the pin member 410 is interfered with the battery information collector 200 through the sealing sleeve 413.
  • a sealing sleeve 413 the sealing sleeve 413 is sleeved on the pin member 410, and the first end 411 of the pin member 410 is interfered with the battery information collector 200 through the sealing sleeve 413.
  • the sealing sleeve 413 when the sealing sleeve 413 is not sleeved on the pin member 410, the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve 413 is smaller than the diameter of the pin member 410, and the sealing sleeve 413 has elasticity.
  • the seal The sleeve 413 is an interference fit with the battery information collector 200 to further protect the connection between the pin member 410 and the battery information collector 200 from water vapor corrosion.
  • the pin assembly 400 further includes an elastic member 420 (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6), the elastic member 420 is fixedly arranged in the sampling assembly 300, and the second end 412 of the pin member 410 is inserted into the elastic member 420 , And the elastic member 420 is interference fit with the sampling assembly 300.
  • the elastic member 420 includes a first through hole 421 and a second through hole 422 (as shown in FIG. 4) arranged opposite to each other, and an arrangement between the first through hole 421 and the second through hole 422.
  • the diameter of the elastic hole 423 is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole 421 and the second through hole 422.
  • the radial elastic force of the hole 423 is an interference fit with the second end 412 of the pin member 410.
  • the radial diameter of the elastic member 420 is generally larger at both ends and smaller in the middle, so that the second end 412 of the pin member 410 is clamped in the elastic member 420 by interference.
  • a metal layer is provided on the contact surface of the elastic member 420 and the second end 412 of the pin member 410.
  • the metal layer is used to achieve contact electrical connection and low resistance between the two.
  • the metal layer is a gold layer plated on the contact surface, and the gold layer has a thickness of 0.02 mm.
  • the sampling assembly 300 includes a ceramic piece 310, a connecting piece 320, and a sampling needle 330.
  • the ceramic piece 310 is fixed on the cover 110 through the connecting piece 320, and the sampling needle 330 is fixed in the ceramic piece 310 and connected to the elastic piece. 420. If the sampling needle 330 is directly fixed on the cover plate 110, the sealing performance of the connection between the sampling needle 330 and the cover plate 110 is poor. In this application, the sampling needle 330 is fixed on the cover plate 110 by the ceramic member 310 and the connecting piece 320. Above, compared with directly fixing the sampling needle 330 on the cover 110, the air tightness in the housing 100 can be improved.
  • the sampling needle 330 is electrically connected to the elastic member 420, and the elastic member 420 is electrically connected to the pin member 410, so that the sampling needle 330 and the pin member 410 are electrically connected.
  • Piece 410 is electrically connected.
  • the sampling needle 330 is a copper needle.
  • the number of the pin member 410, the elastic member 420, and the sampling needle 330 is six, one of the sampling members 330 is used as the negative terminal of the collection, and the other 5 sampling members 330 are used as the 5 poles.
  • the collecting positive end of the core group 500, collecting the negative end and one collecting positive end collect the information of the corresponding pole core group 500. Therefore, in this embodiment, five pole core groups 500 can be sampled at the same time. Of course, it is also possible to sample less than 5 pole core groups 500. In other embodiments, the number of sampling pieces 330 may be 11, and 10 or less pole core groups 500 may be sampled. The number can also be set according to specific needs.
  • the number can also be set according to specific needs.
  • the ceramic piece 310 is provided with a through hole 311 penetrating the ceramic piece 310
  • the sampling needle 330 includes a sampling needle 331
  • the sampling needle 331 is connected in the through hole 311.
  • the sampling needle 331 is brazed in the through hole 311 to ensure the air tightness requirement and the fixed support strength of the sampling needle 331 and the ceramic part 310.
  • the sampling needle 330 further includes a sampling needle tail 332, the sampling needle 331 is provided with a slot 333 recessed from the end of the sampling needle 331 to the sampling needle tail 332 (as shown in FIG. 6), and the elastic member 420 is provided with In the slot 333.
  • the end of the sampling needle 331 is provided with a protrusion 334 that can protrude radially toward the slot 333.
  • the protrusion 334 fixes the elastic member 420 In the slot 333.
  • the elastic member 420 can be squeezed into the slot 333, and the protrusion 333 restricts and fixes the elastic member 420 in the slot 333, further improving the firmness between the elastic member 420 and the sampling needle 330 .
  • the connecting piece 320 is connected to the ceramic piece 310, the sampling needle tail 332 passes through the connecting piece 320, and the connecting piece 320 is fixedly connected to the cover 110.
  • the connecting piece 320 is a loop with a through middle, and the sampling needle tail 332 passes through the middle of the connecting piece 320.
  • the connecting piece 320 and the cover plate 110 are fixedly connected by brazing.
  • the cover plate 110 is provided with a concave portion 111 (as shown in FIG. 4), a sampling through hole 112 penetrating the cover plate 110 is provided in the middle of the concave portion 111, the connecting piece 320 is fixedly connected in the concave portion 111, and the sampling needle The tail 332 passes through the sampling through hole 112.
  • the concave portion 111 is formed inwardly by the cover plate 110 from a surface facing the ceramic member 310 toward a surface of the pole core assembly 500.
  • the connecting piece 320 is fixedly connected in the recess 111 by welding.
  • the sampling assembly 300 further includes a sampling line (not shown in the figure), one end of the sampling line is connected to the sampling needle 330, and the other end of the sampling line is electrically connected to the electrode core assembly 500.
  • the sampling line can be connected to the pole core assembly 500 through the sampling hole in the side shell.
  • each pole core group 500 contains at least one pole core.
  • there are three pole core groups 500 (as shown in FIG. 7), and the three pole core groups 500 are arranged along the first direction A and connected in series. In other embodiments, the number of pole core groups 500 can be set according to actual needs.
  • an encapsulation film 600 is further provided between the housing 100 and the pole core assembly 500, and the pole core assembly 500 is encapsulated in the encapsulation film 600.
  • each pole core group 500 is a soft-coated pole core group 500, that is, the pole core group 500 is sealed with an outer packaging film 600.
  • the preferred sealing material of the packaging film 600 is PET and PP composite film or aluminum-plastic film.
  • the soft-clad electrode core assembly 500 will expand after being divided into a volume.
  • the housing 100 is generally encapsulated with an aluminum shell.
  • the cavity inside the packaging film 600 needs to be pumped under negative pressure to constrain the soft-clad electrode core assembly 500, so the packaging film
  • the accommodating cavity in 600 has air tightness requirements.
  • fixing the sampling needle 330 on the cover plate 110 through the ceramic member 310 and the connecting piece 320 can improve the airtightness of the connection between the cover plate 100 and the sampling needle 330.
  • the housing 100 is a metal housing
  • the pole core assembly 500 is first encapsulated in the packaging film 600
  • the metal shell 100 is sheathed on the packaging film 600, thereby realizing the two pole core assembly 500
  • the secondary packaging improves the sealing performance of the battery 10. It can be understood that electrolyte solution is also injected into the packaging film 600. Therefore, through the above method, the contact of the electrolyte with the metal casing 100 can also be avoided, and the corrosion of the metal casing 100 or the decomposition of the electrolyte can be avoided.
  • the pole core set 500 includes a pole core set main body 510, and a first electrode 520 and a second electrode 530 electrically connected to the pole core set main body 510 for drawing current.
  • the two pole core sets 500 connected in series
  • the junction between the first electrode 520 of one of the pole core groups 500 and the second electrode 530 of the other pole core group 500 is located in the packaging film 600.
  • the packaging film 600 is integrally arranged, and multiple pole core groups 500 are encapsulated in the same packaging film 600.
  • multiple pole cores in the same pole core set 500 are connected in parallel, and the pole core sets 500 are connected in parallel. Connected in series, which can increase the capacity of the battery and reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • each of the pole core groups 500 includes a first electrode 520 and a second electrode 530 for drawing current. If the pole core group 500 contains only one pole core The first electrode 520 and the second electrode 530 may be the positive electrode ear and the negative electrode ear of the pole core respectively or the negative electrode ear or the positive electrode ear respectively. If multiple pole cores are included, the first electrode 520 and the second electrode lead-out part 530 may be electrode leads.
  • the "first" and "second" in the first electrode 520 and the second electrode 530 are only used for name distinction, and not for limiting the number.
  • the first electrode 520 may contain one or more.
  • the negative pressure in the metal casing 100 can effectively prevent the movement of the plurality of electrode core groups 500 in the metal casing 100 and improve the safety performance of the battery 100.
  • the encapsulation part 540 is formed at the position of the encapsulation film 600 opposite to the first electrode 520 and/or the second electrode 530 to isolate the main body 510 of the adjacent two-pole core group; At least one of the first electrode 520 of the group 500 and the second electrode 530 of the other electrode core group 500 is located in the package part 540.
  • the encapsulation part 540 isolates the plurality of pole core groups 500 to prevent the electrolyte between the plurality of pole core sets 500 from flowing mutually, and the plurality of pole core sets 500 will not affect each other, and the plurality of pole core sets 500 The electrolyte will not decompose due to excessive potential difference, ensuring the safety and service life of the battery.
  • the packaging part 540 can be implemented in various manners.
  • the packaging film 600 can be fastened by a cable tie to form the packaging part 540, or the packaging film 600 can be directly thermally fused to form the packaging part 540.
  • the specific manner of the packaging portion 540 is not particularly limited.
  • a plurality of pole core groups 500 may share the same packaging film 600.
  • a packaging part 540 is provided between each pole core group 500, wherein the packaging part 540 may be a counter electrode core group 500.
  • the packaging film 600 between is formed by thermal fusion connection.
  • the pole core group 500 has a first electrode 520 and a second electrode 530.
  • the series pole core sets 500 can be placed in the package.
  • the packaging film 600 On a part of the film 600, then another part of the packaging film 600 is folded in half toward the pole core group 500, and then the two parts of the packaging film 600 are heat-melted and sealed by a heat-melting process, thereby connecting the pole cores connected in series.
  • the group 500 is packaged in the same packaging film 600, and the packaging film 600 located in the upper and lower regions between the pole core groups 500 is also hot-melt extruded to form a single piece, thereby forming a diaphragm between the pole core groups 500.
  • the pole core group 500 is spaced apart.
  • the packaging film 600 includes a plurality of sub-package films 610 arranged at intervals, and each sub-package film 610 is packaged with a pole core group 500 to form a pole core assembly. In series.
  • the number of sub-encapsulation films 610 corresponds to the number of pole-core groups 500 one-to-one, and each pole-core group 500 is individually encapsulated in a sub-encapsulation film 610.
  • the preparation of multiple pole-core groups 500 is completed. After that, a sub-encapsulation film 610 can be separately sleeved outside each pole core group 500, and then the pole core components are connected in series.
  • the sub-encapsulation films 610 of the plurality of pole core groups are independent of each other, that is, each pole core group uses a sub-encapsulation film 610 to encapsulate the corresponding pole core group 500.
  • the first electrode 520 of the pole core group 500 and The second electrodes 530 are respectively led out from both ends of the pole core group 500 along the first direction A.
  • each pole core group 500 is connected in series through the first electrode 520 and the second electrode 530 drawn out.
  • a plurality of pole core groups 500 are connected in series in the casing 100 of the battery 10.
  • the plurality of pole core groups 500 are likely to move in the casing 100. Relative displacement between the pole core group 500 and the pole core set 500 or between the pole core and the pole core will cause damage to the pole core, for example, the current collector is broken, the diaphragm is wrinkled, the active material layer on the pole piece falls off, and the battery is stable Poor sex and prone to safety issues.
  • the air pressure between the metal housing 100 and the packaging film 600 is lower than the air pressure outside the metal housing 100.
  • air pressure is an abbreviation for atmospheric pressure. It is the atmospheric pressure acting on a unit area, which is equal to the weight of a vertical air column extending up to the upper boundary of the atmosphere per unit area.
  • the air pressure between the metal housing 100 and the packaging film 600 is also the air pressure in the space between the metal housing 100 and the packaging film 600.
  • the air pressure is lower than the air pressure outside the metal housing 100. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, ,
  • the metal shell 100 and the packaging film 600 are in a negative pressure state, so the metal shell 100 is dented or deformed under the action of atmospheric pressure, and the gap between the metal shell 100 and the pole core assembly 500 is reduced accordingly.
  • the space for the pole core group 500 to move or the mutual displacement is reduced, thereby reducing the movement of the pole core set 500 and the relative displacement between the pole core sets 500, and improving the stability of the battery 100 and the battery 100
  • the strength of the battery and the safety performance of the battery 100 is also the air pressure in the space between the metal housing 100 and the packaging film 600.
  • the air pressure is lower than the air pressure outside the metal housing 100. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, ,
  • the metal shell 100 and the packaging film 600 are in a negative pressure state,
  • the space between the metal casing 100 and the packaging film 600 can be evacuated to make the metal casing 100 and the packaging film 600 in a negative pressure state, thereby making the metal casing 100 and the internal
  • the pole core assembly 500 is as close as possible to reduce internal voids, prevent the pole core from moving in the metal shell, and at the same time prevent relative displacement between the pole cores, and reduce the occurrence of damage to the current collector, wrinkles of the diaphragm, and shedding of active materials. Improve the mechanical strength of the entire battery, extend the service life of the battery, and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the air pressure P1 between the metal casing 100 and the packaging film 600 wherein the value of P1 can be in the range of -100Kpa to -5Kpa, and further, the value of P1 can be in the range of -75Kpa to -20Kpa .
  • the index of P1 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the air pressure in the packaging film 600 is P2, where the relationship between P1 and P2 satisfies: P1>P2, and the range of P1/P2 is 0.05-0.85.
  • the value of P2 can be from -100Kpa to -20Kpa.
  • the pole core assembly 500 in the present technology adopts a secondary sealing mode.
  • the battery pole core assembly 500 is first encapsulated in the packaging film 600
  • the air pressure between the metal casing 100 and the packaging film 600 is greater than the air pressure in the packaging film 600.
  • the interface between the battery pole pieces is ensured, and the gap between the pole pieces is avoided. Lithium ions can conduct better.
  • the air pressure in the packaging film 600 is lower than the air pressure between the metal casing 100 and the packaging film 600.
  • the present application also provides a battery module, including a plurality of batteries as described in any one of the above.
  • the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes a plurality of batteries as described above or includes a plurality of battery modules as described above.
  • the application also provides an electric vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned battery module or the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • the first feature “on” or “under” the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediary. touch.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the second feature of the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

Abstract

一种电池(10)，包括壳体(100)、极芯组(500)、电池信息采集器(200)、采样组件(300)以及插针组件(400)，壳体(100)包括位于电池(10)端部的盖板(110)，极芯组(500)位于壳体内；采样组件(300)固定在盖板(110)上，并与极芯组(500)连接；插针组件(400)包括插针件(410)，插针件(410)的第一端插入电池信息采集器(200)中而与电池信息采集器(200)电连接，插针件(410)的第二端插入采样组件(300)中而与采样组件(300)电连接，采样组件(300)通过插针组件(400)与电池信息采集器(200)电连接，并通过插针组件(400)将信息传送给电池信息采集器(200)。

Description

电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2020年2月12日提交的、发明名称为“电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车”的、中国专利申请号“202010089334.6”的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的不断普及，对新能源汽车中动力电池的使用要求变得越来越高。在动力电池包在使用过程中，电池内部的温度会升高，因此需要实时监测电池内部温度，以免温度过高造成爆炸。因此，当采用多个极芯组形成动力电池时，一般需要及时得到极芯组在电流、电压、温度等方面的信息，以更好的进行动力电池的管理；但是，由于各极芯组处于动力电池的内部，动力电池的壳体密封后，就不能实时采集动力电池内部的极芯组的电压、电流、温度等信号，所以，如何对电池内部的多个极芯组进行信号采集也是制作动力电池需要解决的一个难题。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，在本申请的第一个方面，提供一种电池，所述电池包括：
壳体，所述壳体包括位于电池端部的盖板；
极芯组，所述极芯组位于所述壳体内，所述极芯组包括至少一个极芯；
电池信息采集器，所述电池信息采集器用于收集所述极芯组的信息；
采样组件，所述采样组件固定在所述盖板上，并与所述极芯组连接，用于采集所述极芯组的信息并将所述信息传送给所述电池信息采集器；
插针组件，所述插针组件包括插针件，所述插针件的第一端插入所述电池信息采集器中而与所述电池信息采集器电连接，所述插针件的第二端插入所述采样组件中而与所述采样组件电连接，所述采样组件通过所述插针组件与所述电池信息采集器电连接，并通过所述插针组件将所述信息传送给所述电池信息采集器。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述极芯组为多个，多个极芯组沿第一方向排布并串联连接，所述第一方向为电池的长度方向。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述插针组件还设有密封套，所述密封套套设所述插针件上，所述插针件的第一端通过所述密封套与所述电池信息采集器过盈配合。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述插针件插入所述电池信息采集器的第一端为方形柱，所述插针件插入所述采样组件的第二端为圆形柱。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述插针组件还包括弹性件，所述弹性件固定设置在所述采样组件中，所述插针件的第二端插入所述弹性件中，并通过所述弹性件与所述采样组件过盈配合。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述弹性件包括相对设置的第一通孔和第二通孔，以及设置在所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔之间的弹性孔，所述弹性孔的直径小于所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔的直径，当所述插针件的第二端插入所述弹性孔中时，所述弹性孔的孔壁具有向弹性孔径向的弹性力而与所述插针件的第二端过盈配合。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述弹性件和所述插针件的第二段相接触的表面上设有金属层。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述采样组件包括陶瓷件、连接片以及采样针，所述陶瓷件通过所述连接片固定在所述盖板上，所述采样针固定在所述陶瓷件中并连接所述弹性件。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述陶瓷件上设有贯穿所述陶瓷件的通孔，所述采样针包括采样针头，所述采样针头连接在所述通孔中。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述采样针还包括采样针尾，所述采样针头设有自所述采样针头端面向所述采样针尾凹陷的槽孔，所述弹性件装设在所述槽孔中。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述采样针头的端部设有可向所述槽孔径向凸出的凸部，当所述弹性件装设在所述槽孔中后，将所述凸部将所述弹性件固定在所述槽孔中。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述连接片与所述陶瓷件连接，所述采样针还包括采样针尾，所述采样针尾穿过所述连接片，所述连接片与所述盖板固定连接。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述盖板上设有凹部，所述凹部中间设有贯穿所述盖板的采样通孔，所述连接片固定连接在凹部中，所述采样针尾穿过所述采样通孔。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述电池信息采集器包括柔性电路板。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述壳体与所述极芯组之间还设有封装膜，所述极芯组封装在所述封装膜内。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述极芯组包括极芯组主体以及与极芯组主体电连接用于引出电流的第一电极和第二电极，串联连接的两个极芯组中的其中一个极芯组的第一电极和另外一个极芯组的第二电极的连接处位于所述封装膜内。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述封装膜与所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极相对位置 形成有封装部以将相邻两极芯组主体隔离；
相邻两极芯组中的一个极芯组的第一电极和另一个极芯组的第二电极中的至少之一位于所述封装部内。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述封装膜包括多个间隔设置子封装膜，每个所述子封装膜内封装有一个极芯组以形成极芯组件，所述极芯组件间串联。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述电池还包括电池控制器，所述电池控制器与所述电池信息采集器连接，用于接收所述电池信息采集收集到的极芯组的信息，并根据所述极芯组的信息对所述电池进行控制处理。
在本申请的第二个方面，提供一种电池模组，包括多个如上述任意一项所述的电池。
在本申请的第三个方面，提供一种电池包，包括多个如上述任意一项所述的电池或者包括多个上面所述的电池模组。
在本申请的第四个方面，提供一种电动车，包括上面所述的电池模组或上面所述的电池包。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的电池的盖板上通过插针件将采样组件和电池信息采集器进行电连接，并通过采样组件采集极芯组的信息，以更好的进行动力电池的管理和控制，提高电池使用的安全性。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的盖板部分的结构示意图。
图3为图2的一种立体分解图。
图4为图2的另一种立体分解图。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的盖板部分的主视图。
图6为图5的B-B剖面图。
图7为本申请一实施例提供的一种电池的剖面图。
图8为本申请另一实施例提供的一种电池的剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
请参阅图1至图6，本发明一实施例提供一种电池10，电池10包括壳体100、极芯组500、电池信息采集器200、采样组件300以及插针组件400。壳体100包括位于电池10端部的盖板110，盖板110可以为一个也可以为两个，采样组件300可以位于一个盖板110上，也可以两个盖板上都有采样组件300。在本实施例中，壳体100包括两端开口的侧壳体及分别位于两端的两个盖板110，两个盖板110与侧壳体围成封闭的容纳腔，在容纳腔内设有极芯组500(如图7和图8所示)，采样组件300位于其中一个盖板110上。所述极芯组500位于壳体100内，所述极芯组500包括至少一个极芯。
电池信息采集器200用于收集电池中的极芯组500的信息。所述极芯组500的信息包括电流、电压、温度信息等，电池信息采集器200还可用于收集容纳腔内的气压信息等。在本实施例中，电池信息采集器200包括柔性电路板，所述柔性电路板中集成有信息传输线。在进一步的实施例中，电池10还包括电池控制器(图未示出)，电池控制器与电池信息采集器200连接，用于接收电池信息采集200收集到的极芯组的信息，并根据极芯组500的信息对电池10进行控制处理。所述电池控制器为电池BMS单元，可以含PCBA硬板。在其他实施例中，所述电池信息采集器200中包括电池控制器，也就是说电池信息采集器200既可以用于收集极芯组的信息，还可根据信息对电池进行控制处理，例如在柔性电路板上同时布置一些电压、温度、芯片等元器件。
采样组件300固定在盖板110上(如图2所示)，并与极芯组500电连接，用于采集极芯组500的信息并将信息传送给电池信息采集器200。电池信息采集器200将采集到的极芯组500的信息传输给电池控制器，电池控制器根据该信息对电池尽心该控制管理，以保护电池10，避免电池损坏。例如，当电池信息采集器200收集到的采样组件300采集到极芯组500的温度过高时，电池控制器控制电池停止工作，以避免温度过高烧坏电池。在本实施例中，所述盖板110上还有负极端子120，在其他实施例中，采样组件300也可以是安装在具有正极端子的盖板上。
插针组件400包括插针件410(如图3和图4所示)，插针件410的第一端411插入电池信息采集器200中而与电池信息采集器200电连接，插针件410的第二端412插入采样组件300中而与采样组件300电连接，采样组件300通过插针组件400与电池信息采集器200电连接，并通过插针组件400将信息传送给电池信息采集器200。通过插针件410将采样组件300和电池信息采集器200进行电连接，可以提高采样组件300和电池信息采集器200的电连接稳定性，使信息传输更准确。
在本申请中，通过插针件410将采样组件300和电池信息采集器200进行电连接，并通过采样组件300采集极芯组500的信息，以更好的进行动力电池的管理和控制，提高电池使用的安全性。
请再次参阅他3和图4，在进一步的实施例中，插针件410插入电池信息采集器200的第一端411为方形柱，插针件410插入采样组件300的第二端412为圆形柱。
插针件410的第一端411为方形柱，优选的，方形柱横截面的边长为0.64mm，方形柱横截面的面积为0.64mm*0.64mm。电池信息采集器200上开有相对应的方形孔210，优选的，该方形孔210的横截面的边长为0.6mm，方形孔210的横截面的面积为0.6mm*0.6mm。当方形柱的第一端411压入相应的方形孔410中,两者通过过盈配合，实现电连接。在本实施例中，第一端411压入相应的方向孔410后与电池信息采集器200通过锡焊固定连接，实现插针件410与电池信息采集器200之间的电连接导通性。
在进一步的实施例中，方形柱的第一端411与方形孔210的接触表面镀金，提高两者接触导电连接性和低阻阬性。插针件410的第二端412为圆形柱，优选的，该圆形柱的径向直径为1.5mm。
在进一步的实施例中，插针组件400还设有密封套413，密封套413套设插针件410上，插针件410的第一端411通过密封套413与电池信息采集器200过盈配合。其中，密封套413未套设在插针件410上时，密封套413的内径小于插针件410的直径，密封套413具有弹性，当密封套413套设在插针件410上时，密封套413与电池信息采集器200过盈配合，以进一步保护插针件410与电池信息采集器200的连接处不受水汽腐蚀。
在进一步的实施例中，插针组件400还包括弹性件420(如图4和图6)，弹性件420固定设置在采样组件300中，插针件410的第二端412插入弹性件420中，并通过弹性件420与采样组件300过盈配合。
在进一步的实施例中，弹性件420包括相对设置的第一通孔421和第二通孔422(如图4所示)，以及设置在第一通孔421和第二通孔422之间的弹性孔423，弹性孔423的直径小于第一通孔421和第二通孔422的直径，当插针件410的第二端412插入弹性孔423中时，弹性孔423的孔壁具有向弹性孔423径向的弹性力而与插针件410的第二端412过盈配合。弹性件420的径向直径整体呈现两端大中间小，使得插针件410的第二端412过盈夹设在弹性件420中。
在进一步的实施例中，弹性件420和插针件410的第二端412相接触的表面上设有金属层。通过金属层实现两者接触电连接和低阻阬性，优选的，所述金属层为镀在相接触表面上的金层，金层厚0.02mm。
在进一步的实施例中，采样组件300包括陶瓷件310、连接片320以及采样针330，陶 瓷件310通过连接片320固定在盖板110上，采样针330固定在陶瓷件310中并连接弹性件420。如果将采样针330直接固定在盖板110上，采样针330和盖板110的连接处的密封性较差，本申请中，通过陶瓷件310和连接片320将采样针330固定在盖板110上，其相较于直接将采样针330固定在盖板110上，可提高壳体100内的气密性。
其中，当第二通孔422远离第一通孔421的端部被封住时，采样针330电连接弹性件420，且弹性件420电连接插针件410，以使采样针330和插针件410电连接。当第二通孔422远离第一通孔421的端部没有被封住时，插针件410穿过第二通孔422而与采样针330之间电连接。
本申请中，采样针330为铜针。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中插针件410、弹性件420以及采样针330个数为6个，其中一个采样件330作为采集负端，另外5个采样件330作为分别作为5个极芯组500的采集正端，采集负端和1个采集正端采集对应的极芯组500的信息，因此，本实施例中可同时对5个极芯组500进行采样。当然也可对少于5个的极芯组500进行采样。在其他实施例中，采样件330个数可以为11个，可对少于等于10个极芯组500进行采样。数量还可以根据具体需要来设置。
数量还可以根据具体需要来设置。
在进一步的实施例中，陶瓷件上310设有贯穿陶瓷件310的通孔311，采样针330包括采样针头331，采样针头331连接在通孔311中。具体的，采样针头331钎焊在通孔311中，保证采样针头331与陶瓷件310的气密性要求和固定支撑强度。
在进一步的实施例中，采样针330还包括采样针尾332，采样针头331设有自采样针头331端面向采样针尾332凹陷的槽孔333(如图6所示)，弹性件420装设在槽孔333中。
在进一步的实施例中，采样针头331的端部设有可向槽孔333径向凸出的凸部334，当弹性件420装设在槽孔333中后，凸部334将弹性件420固定在槽孔333中。在组装过程中，可将弹性件420通过挤压装设进槽孔333中，凸部333将弹性件420限制固定在槽孔333中，进一步提高弹性件420与采样针330之间的牢固性。
在进一步的实施例中，连接片320与陶瓷件310连接，采样针尾332穿过连接片320，连接片320与盖板110固定连接。在本实施例中，连接片320为中间贯穿的圈型，采样针尾332穿过连接片320中间。连接片320与盖板110通过钎焊固定连接。
在进一步的实施例中，盖板110上设有凹部111(如图4所示)，凹部111中间设有贯穿盖板110的采样通孔112，连接片320固定连接在凹部111中，采样针尾332穿过采样通孔112。在本实施例中，所述凹部111通过盖板110自朝向所述陶瓷件310的一面向朝向极芯组500的一面内凹形成。连接片320通过焊接固定连接在凹部111中。
在进一步的实施例中，采样组件300还包括采样线(图未示出)，采样线的一端连接采样针330，采样线的另一端电连接极芯组500。其中采样线可通过侧壳体中采样孔连接极芯组500。
在进一步的实施例中，所述极芯组500为多个，多个极芯组500沿第一方向A排布并串联连接，第一方向A为电池10的长度方向。每个极芯组500至少含有一个极芯。在本实施例中，极芯组500为3个(如图7所示)，3个极芯组500沿第一方向A排布并串联连接。在其他实施例中，极芯组500的个数可根据实际需要来设置。
请参阅图7，在进一步的实施例中，壳体100与极芯组500之间还设有封装膜600，极芯组500封装在封装膜600内。在本申请中，每个极芯组500为软包极芯组500，即极芯组500密封外包封装膜600，优选的封装膜600采用的密封材质为PET和PP复合膜或铝塑膜。而采用软包极芯组500分容化成后会膨胀，壳体100一般用铝壳进行封装，封装膜600内部的腔体需要抽负压对软包极芯组500进行约束，因此对封装膜600内的容纳腔有气密性要求。在本申请中，将采样针330通过陶瓷件310和连接片320固定盖板110上的，可提高盖板100与采样针330连接处的气密性。
在本实施例中，所述壳体100为金属壳体，将极芯组500先封装在封装膜600内，在封装膜600外套设金属壳体100，由此实现对极芯组500的二次封装，提高电池10的密封性能。可以理解的是，封装膜600内还注入有电解液。因此，通过上述方式，还可以避免电解液与金属壳体100的接触，避免金属壳体100的腐蚀或者电解液的分解。
在一些实施方式中，极芯组500包括极芯组主体510以及与极芯组主体510电连接用于引出电流的第一电极520和第二电极530，串联连接的两个极芯组500中的其中一个极芯组500的第一电极520和另外一个极芯组500的第二电极530的连接处位于封装膜600内。
换句话说，封装膜600一体设置，多个极芯组500封装在同一个封装膜600内，在本实施例中，同一个极芯组500中的多个极芯并联，极芯组500间串联，由此可以提高电池的容量，减少制造成本。
需要说明的是，本实施例的串联方式可以为相邻极芯组500间串联连接，实现的具体方式可以为相邻极芯组500上的第一电极520和第二电极530直接连接，也可以是通过额外的导电部件实现电连接，一般每个所述极芯组500均包括用于引出电流的第一电极520和第二电极530，如果极芯组500仅含有一个极芯的情况下，第一电极520和第二电极530可以分别为极芯的正极耳和负极耳或者分别为负极耳或正极耳。如果含有多个极芯的情况下，第一电极520和第二电极引出部件530可以为电极引线。第一电极520和第二电极530中的“第一”和“第二”仅用于名称区分，并不用于限定数量，例如第一电极520可以含有一个也可以含有多个。
当金属壳体100内含有多个极芯组500，金属壳体100内负压，可以有效的避免多个极芯组500在金属壳体100内的窜动，提高电池100的安全性能。
在上述实施方式中，封装膜600与第一电极520和/或第二电极530相对位置形成有封装部540以将相邻两极芯组主体510隔离；相邻两极芯组500中的一个极芯组500的第一电极520和另一个极芯组500的第二电极530中的至少之一位于封装部540内。通过封装部540将多个极芯组500之间隔离，避免多个极芯组500间的电解液互相流通，多个极芯组500之间不会相互影响，且多个极芯组500中的电解液不会因电位差过大而分解，保证电池的安全性和使用寿命。
封装部540可以多种实施方式，例如可以采用扎带将封装膜600扎紧形成封装部540，也可以直接将封装膜600热熔融连接形成封装部540。封装部540的具体方式不作特殊限定。
在该种实现方式中，多个极芯组500可以是共用同一张封装膜600，此时各极芯组500之间设置有封装部540，其中，该封装部540可以是对极芯组500之间的封装膜600进行热熔连接形成。具体而言，极芯组500具有第一电极520和第二电极530。在对极芯组500进行封装之前，先将多个极芯组500进行串联，然后利用一张封装膜600将串联的极芯组500包裹起来，比如可以将串联的极芯组500放置于封装膜600的一部分区域上，然后将封装膜600的另一部分区域朝向极芯组500的方向对折，之后通过热熔处理将两部分区域的封装膜600进行热熔密封，由此将串联的极芯组500封装在同一封装膜600内，并且也将位于极芯组500之间的上下两部分区域的封装膜600热熔挤压以连成一片，从而在极芯组500之间形成隔膜，用以间隔极芯组500。
请参阅图8，在本申请的另一些实施方式中，封装膜600包括多个间隔设置子封装膜610，每个子封装膜610内封装有一个极芯组500以形成极芯组件，极芯组件间串联。
换句话说，子封装膜610的数量与极芯组500的数量一一对应，每个极芯组500单独封装在一个子封装膜610，该种实施方式，在多个极芯组500制备完成后，可在每个极芯组500外单独套一个子封装膜610，然后极芯组件再串联。
多个极芯组的子封装膜610为相互独立，即每个极芯组单独采用一张子封装膜610对相应的极芯组500进行封装，此时极芯组500的第一电极520和第二电极530分别沿第一方向A从极芯组500的两端引出。各极芯组500在子封装膜610封装极芯组500之后，通过引出的第一电极520和第二电极530实现串联。
在本申请中，为提高电池的容量，在电池10的壳体100内串联有多个极芯组500，在振动、颠簸情况下，多个极芯组500容易在壳体100里窜动，极芯组500与极芯组500之间或者极芯与极芯之间会发生相对位移，对极芯产生损伤，例如，集流体破损，隔膜打皱、极片上活性材料层脱落，电池的稳定性较差，也容易发生安全问题。
因此，在进一步的实施例中，金属壳体100和封装膜600之间的气压低于金属壳体100外的气压。
在本申请中，“气压”是大气压强的简称。是作用在单位面积上的大气压力，即等于单位面积上向上延伸到大气上界的垂直空气柱的重量。
金属壳体100和封装膜600之间的气压也即位于金属壳体100和封装膜600之间的空间内的气压，该气压低于金属壳体100外的气压，因此，本申请实施例中，金属壳体100和封装膜600之间为负压状态，由此金属壳体100在大气压的作用下发生凹陷或变形，则金属壳体100和极芯组500之间的间隙随之减小，极芯组500发生窜动或者相互之间发生位移的空间减小，进而可以减少极芯组500的窜动以及极芯组500之间的相对位移，提高电池100的稳定性，以及电池100的强度以及电池100安全性能。
例如，可以通过对金属壳体100和封装膜600之间的空间进行抽气处理，以使金属壳体100和封装膜600之间为负压状态，由此可以使得金属壳体100和内部的极芯组500尽量贴近，减少内部空隙，防止极芯在金属壳体内发生窜动，同时防止极芯之间发生相对位移，减少集流体破损、隔膜打皱、和活性材料脱落等情况的发生，提高整个电池的机械强度，延长电池的使用寿命，提高电池的安全性能。
在一种实施方式中，金属壳体100和封装膜600之间的气压P1，其中，P1的取值范围可以为-100Kpa至-5Kpa，进一步地，P1的取值可以是-75Kpa至-20Kpa。当然本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要设定P1的指。
封装膜600内的气压为P2，其中P1和P2的关系满足：P1＞P2，且P1/P2的范围为0.05-0.85。
P2取值可以为-100Kpa至-20Kpa。
将P1、P2以及P1/P2限定在上述范围内，本技术中的极芯组500采用二次密封的模式，如上面实施方式所述的，先将电池极芯组500封装在封装膜600内，为避免封装膜600发生由于内部气压过大使封装膜600外鼓造成的破损，我们选择金属壳体100与封装膜600之间的气压大于封装膜600内的气压。同时，我们通过大量实验验证，当P1/P2在上述范围时，较好的保证了电池二次密封的可靠性，同时，保证了电池极片之间的界面，避免了极片间间隙，使锂离子能更好的传导。
在一些实施方式中，封装膜600内的气压低于金属壳体100与封装膜600之间的气压。
本申请还提供一种电池模组，包括多个如上述任意一项所述的电池。
本申请还提供一种电池包，包括多个如上述任意一项所述的电池或者包括多个如上面所述的电池模组。
本申请还提供一种电动车，包括上面所述的电池模组或上面所述的电池包。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括：
    壳体，所述壳体包括位于电池端部的盖板；
    极芯组，所述极芯组位于所述壳体内，所述极芯组包括至少一个极芯；
    电池信息采集器，所述电池信息采集器用于收集所述极芯组的信息；
    采样组件，所述采样组件固定在所述盖板上，并与所述极芯组连接，用于采集所述极芯组的信息并将所述信息传送给所述电池信息采集器；
    插针组件，所述插针组件包括插针件，所述插针件的第一端插入所述电池信息采集器中而与所述电池信息采集器电连接，所述插针件的第二端插入所述采样组件中而与所述采样组件电连接，所述采样组件通过所述插针组件与所述电池信息采集器电连接，并通过所述插针组件将所述信息传送给所述电池信息采集器。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极芯组为多个，多个极芯组沿第一方向排布并串联连接，所述第一方向为电池的长度方向。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述插针组件还设有密封套，所述密封套套设所述插针件上，所述插针件的第一端通过所述密封套与所述电池信息采集器过盈配合。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述插针件插入所述电池信息采集器的第一端为方形柱，所述插针件插入所述采样组件的第二端为圆形柱。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述插针组件还包括弹性件，所述弹性件固定设置在所述采样组件中，所述插针件的第二端插入所述弹性件中，并通过所述弹性件与所述采样组件过盈配合。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述弹性件包括相对设置的第一通孔和第二通孔，以及设置在所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔之间的弹性孔，所述弹性孔的直径小于所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔的直径，当所述插针件的第二端插入所述弹性孔中时，所述弹性孔的孔壁具有向弹性孔径向的弹性力而与所述插针件的第二端过盈配合。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述弹性件和所述插针件的第二端相接触的表面上设有金属层。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述采样组件包括陶瓷件、连接片以及采样针，所述陶瓷件通过所述连接片固定在所述盖板上，所述采样针固定在所述陶瓷件中并连接所述弹性件。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池，其特征在于，所述陶瓷件上设有贯穿所述陶瓷件的通孔，所述采样针包括采样针头，所述采样针头连接在所述通孔中。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电池，其特征在于，所述采样针还包括采样针尾，所述采样针头设有自所述采样针头端面向所述采样针尾凹陷的槽孔，所述弹性件装设在所述槽孔中。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池，其特征在于，所述采样针头的端部设有可向所述槽孔径向凸出的凸部，当所述弹性件装设在所述槽孔中后，所述凸部将所述弹性件固定在所述槽孔中。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接片与所述陶瓷件连接，所述采样针还包括采样针尾，所述采样针尾穿过所述连接片，所述连接片与所述盖板固定连接。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池，其特征在于，所述盖板上设有凹部，所述凹部中间设有贯穿所述盖板的采样通孔，所述连接片固定连接在凹部中，所述采样针尾穿过所述采样通孔。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池信息采集器包括柔性电路板。
  15. 如权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述壳体与所述极芯组之间还设有封装膜，所述极芯组封装在所述封装膜内。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述极芯组包括极芯组主体以及与极芯组主体电连接用于引出电流的第一电极和第二电极，串联连接的两个极芯组中的其中一个极芯组的第一电极和另外一个极芯组的第二电极的连接处位于所述封装膜内。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电池，其特征在于，所述封装膜与所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极相对位置形成有封装部以将相邻两极芯组主体隔离；
    相邻两极芯组中的一个极芯组的第一电极和另一个极芯组的第二电极中的至少之一位于所述封装部内。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述封装膜包括多个间隔设置子封装膜，每个所述子封装膜内封装有一个极芯组以形成极芯组件，所述极芯组件间串联。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括电池控制器，所述电池控制器与所述电池信息采集器连接，用于接收所述电池信息采集收集到的极芯组的信息，并根据所述极芯组的信息对所述电池进行控制处理。
  20. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1-19任意一项所述的电池。
  21. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1-19任意一项所述的电池或者包括多个权利要求21所述的电池模组。
  22. 一种电动车，其特征在于，包括权利要求20所述的电池模组或权利要求21所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2021/074819 2020-02-12 2021-02-02 电池、电池模组、电池包及电动车 WO2021159996A1 (zh)

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