WO2021155664A1 - 一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构和方法 - Google Patents
一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021155664A1 WO2021155664A1 PCT/CN2020/116912 CN2020116912W WO2021155664A1 WO 2021155664 A1 WO2021155664 A1 WO 2021155664A1 CN 2020116912 W CN2020116912 W CN 2020116912W WO 2021155664 A1 WO2021155664 A1 WO 2021155664A1
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- tool
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- swing head
- head
- ram
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/15506—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling the tool being inserted in a tool holder directly from a storage device (without transfer device)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
- B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
- B23Q3/15722—Rotary discs or drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
- B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
- B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
- B23Q1/626—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
- B23Q3/15539—Plural magazines, e.g. involving tool transfer from one magazine to another
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15706—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a single tool being inserted in a spindle directly from a storage device, i.e. without using transfer devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
- B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
- B23Q3/15726—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle
- B23Q3/15733—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged in the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of tool changing of machine tools, and in particular to a tool changing mechanism and method for interpolation of an oblique swing head.
- the invention provides a tool changing mechanism and method for the bevel head interpolation interpolation, which can change the tool quickly and conveniently, and has a simple structure, good stability and easy maintenance.
- An oblique swing head interpolation tool changing mechanism includes a bed, a sliding table, a column, a ram, a swing head, and a tool magazine.
- the swing head can move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the machine tool.
- the included angle between the axis of the head and the B axis is 30°-60°, the tool magazine is equipped with tools, and the swing head can move along its own axis and change tools.
- a cutter head is provided on the tool magazine, the axis of the cutter head is parallel to the Z axis of the machine tool, the cutter head is equipped with a tool, and the handle of the tool faces the outside of the tool magazine.
- the sliding table is arranged on one side of the bed, the tool magazine is arranged on the other side of the bed, the column is arranged on the sliding table, and the ram is arranged on the
- the upright column faces the side of the tool magazine, the swing head is arranged on the ram, the sliding table can move along the Z axis of the machine tool, the upright column can move along the Y axis of the machine tool, and the ram can move along the machine tool.
- X axis movement is arranged on one side of the bed, the tool magazine is arranged on the other side of the bed, the column is arranged on the sliding table, and the ram is arranged on the
- the upright column faces the side of the tool magazine, the swing head is arranged on the ram, the sliding table can move along the Z axis of the machine tool, the upright column can move along the Y axis of the machine tool, and the ram can move along the machine tool.
- X axis movement is arranged on one side of the bed, the tool magazine
- An above-mentioned bevel swing head interpolation tool change method includes the following steps:
- An above-mentioned bevel swing head interpolation tool change method includes the following steps:
- the invention provides a tool changing mechanism and method for the interpolation of the oblique swing head, which can quickly and conveniently change the tool without using complicated equipment such as a manipulator and relying on the mutual cooperation of the linear axes of the machine tool, and has a simple structure, good stability and easy maintenance.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oblique swing head interpolation tool changing mechanism disclosed in the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial position of the tool change mechanism in the present invention when the tool is taken from the tool magazine when the head is swinging and there is no tool;
- Figure 3 is a coaxial schematic diagram of the swing head of the tool changing mechanism and the tool in the present invention
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the swing head moving along its axis to take the knife in the present invention
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the tool changer mechanism in the present invention after taking the tool, the tool is separated from the tool magazine;
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the initial position of the tool changing mechanism in the present invention when the tool is in the swing head and the tool is sent to the tool magazine;
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the tool aligning with the tool holder mounting opening when the tool changing mechanism in the present invention is feeding the tool;
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the tool change mechanism in the present invention sending the props into the tool magazine
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the swing head and the cutter detached in the present invention.
- a bevel swing head interpolation tool changing mechanism includes a bed 1, a sliding table 2, a column 3, a ram 4, a swing head 5, and a tool magazine 6.
- the sliding table 2 is set on the bed 1.
- the tool magazine 6 is set on the other side of the bed 1
- the column 3 is set on the sliding table 2
- the ram 4 is set on the side of the column facing the tool magazine 6, and the swing head 5 is set on the ram 4.
- the sliding table 2 can move along the Z axis of the machine tool
- the column 3 can move along the Y axis of the machine tool
- the ram 4 can move along the X axis of the machine tool.
- the axis of the ram 4 is the B axis, and the B axis and the Y axis are parallel to each other.
- the B axis rotates.
- the sliding table 2, the column 3 and the ram 4 enable the swing head 5 to move along the X, Y and Z axes of the machine tool.
- the angle between the axis of the swing head 5 and the B axis is 30°-60°, and the swing head 5 It can move along its axis and change tools.
- the swing head moves along its own axial direction through the combination of the movement of the column 3 in the Y axis direction and the movement in other directions.
- the swing head and the X axis are in the same plane, and the compound movement of the Y axis and the X axis can move along its own axial direction.
- the tool direction in the tool magazine is set in the same direction as the axis direction of the swing head 5, and the swing head is moved To the coaxial position with the tool, the interpolation tool change can be realized by the movement of the swing head 5.
- an angle of 45° between the axis of the swing head 5 and the Y axis is the optimal choice.
- the 45° swing head occupies a small movement space during the tool change action, and the movement interference is small, so as to avoid mutual influence with other parts.
- the movement of the pendulum head 5 along its axis is compounded by the movement of the two shafts, when the angle between the axis of the pendulum head 5 and the Y axis is set to 45°, the movement of the two shafts can be balanced to make the two shafts move.
- the movement speeds of the two axes are the same, and the movement distances are the same, which not only makes the design of the bed structure more balanced, but also makes the tool change action easier to control.
- the tool magazine 6 is provided with a cutter head, the axis of the cutter head is parallel to the Z axis of the machine tool, the cutter head is equipped with a tool 7 and the handle of the tool 7 faces the outside of the tool magazine 6.
- the outer edge of the tool magazine 6 is provided with a tool holder 8, and the side of the tool holder 8 is provided with a mounting opening.
- the tool handle of the tool 7 is provided with a clamping groove.
- the tool 7 is installed in the installation opening of the tool holder 8 along the radial direction of the tool magazine 6 through the clamping groove. .
- the tool 7 fixed by the tool holder 8 can bear radial force.
- the head swings its axis to coincide with the radial direction of the tool magazine 6, and moves to the tool 7 along its own axis direction, grabs the tool holder, and then moves to the side of the tool holder 8 Movement to make the tool 7 separate from the tool magazine 6.
- the interpolation method of the oblique swing head includes the following steps:
- the column moves along the Y axis to the end away from the tool magazine to prevent the sliding table from touching the tool magazine when the sliding table moves along the Z axis;
- the sliding table moves along the Z axis
- the swing head rotates around the B axis
- the ram moves along the X axis to make the swing head and the tool coaxial.
- the B axis is the axis of the ram.
- the connecting end of the swing head and the ram is higher than the end where the swing head and the cutter can be connected. At this time, the position of the swing head and the cutter is shown in Figure 3;
- the ram moves in the tool direction along the X axis, while the column moves in the tool direction along the Y axis.
- the ratio of the movement speed of the ram to the movement speed of the column is the tangent of the angle between the axis of the swing head and the Z axis. Value;
- the angle between the swing head and the Y axis is 45°, and the movement speed of the ram is equal to the movement speed of the column;
- the swing head grabs the tool, as shown in Figure 5, the sliding table moves along the Z axis to make the tool leave the tool magazine.
- the method of interpolation and tool change for the oblique swing head includes the following steps:
- the swing head rotates around the B axis, so that the swing head and the X axis of the machine tool are in the same plane.
- the end connecting the swing head and the ram is higher than the end connecting the swing head and the tool;
- the sliding table moves along the Z axis of the machine tool so that the swing head is at the side of the tool holder to be installed with the installation opening.
- the ram moves along the X axis of the machine tool, and the column moves along the Y axis of the machine tool to align the tools on the swing head.
- the installation opening of the tool holder on the tool magazine, the position of the swing head and the tool magazine at this time is shown in Figure 7;
- the sliding table moves along the Z-axis installation opening of the machine tool to load the tool into the tool holder;
- the ram moves away from the tool along the X axis, while the column moves away from the tool along the Y axis.
- the ratio of the movement speed of the ram to the movement speed of the column is the angle between the axis of the swing head and the Y axis.
- the tangent value of, causes the tool to leave the swing head.
- the angle between the swing head and the Y axis is 45°, and the movement speed of the ram is equal to the movement speed of the column.
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Abstract
一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构以及采用该机构进行换刀的方法,该机构包括床身(1)、滑台(2)、立柱(3)、滑枕(4)、摆头(5)和刀库(6),所述摆头(5)能够沿机床X轴、Y轴和Z轴运动,所述摆头(5)的轴线与B轴之间的夹角为30°~60°,所述刀库(6)上装有刀具(7),所述摆头(5)能够沿自身轴线方向运动并换刀,采用该斜角摆头插补换刀机构以及换刀方法,无需使用机械手等复杂设备,依靠机床直线轴的相互配合就可以快捷方便的换刀,结构简单,稳定性好,易于维修。
Description
本发明涉及机床换刀领域,尤其涉及一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构和方法。
在叶盘等精细加工过程中,为了加工出叶片的形状,叶盘加工中心的刀具与加工的工件之间会有一定程度的转动,这个转动由工件和刀具在多个维度的相对运动复合而成。
为了更好的对叶盘进行加工,安装刀具的摆头与机床直线轴之间设有一定夹角,需要一种换刀机构和方法,使摆头进行换刀。
发明内容
本发明提供一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构和方法,可以快捷方便的换刀,而且结构简单,稳定性好,易于维修。
一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构,包括床身、滑台、立柱、滑枕、摆头和刀库,所述摆头能够沿机床X轴、Y轴和Z轴运动,所述摆头的轴线与B轴之间的夹角为30°-60°,所述刀库上装有刀具,所述摆头能够沿自身轴线方向运动并换刀。
进一步地,所述刀库上设有刀盘,所述刀盘的轴线与机床Z轴平行,所述刀盘装有刀具,所述刀具的刀柄朝向所述刀库外侧。
进一步地,所述滑台设置在所述床身的一侧,所述刀库设置在所述床身的另一侧,所述立柱设置在所述滑台上,所述滑枕设置在所述立柱朝向所述刀库的一侧,所述摆头设置在所述滑枕上,所述滑台能够沿机床Z轴运动,所述立柱能够沿机床Y轴运动,所述滑枕能够沿机床X轴运动。
一种上述的斜角摆头插补换刀方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:所述立柱沿Y轴使待装刀具的摆头运动至远离所述刀库的一端;
S2:转动所述刀库,所述滑台沿Z轴运动,所述摆头绕B轴转动,所述滑枕沿X轴运动,使所述摆头的轴线与刀具同轴;
S3:所述滑枕沿X轴向刀具方向运动,同时所述立柱沿Y轴向刀具方向运动,所述滑枕运动速度与所述立柱运动速度的比值为所述摆头的轴线与Y轴之间夹角的正切值;
S4:所述摆头从所述刀库抓取刀具,所述滑台沿Z轴运动,使所述刀具脱离所述刀库。
一种上述的斜角摆头插补换刀方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:装有刀具的摆头绕B轴转动,使所述摆头和机床X轴处于同一平面;
S2:转动所述刀库,使所述刀库上的刀夹与刀盘轴之间的连线与所述摆头的轴线相互平行;
S3:所述滑台沿机床Z轴运动,使所述摆头处于所述刀夹上设有安装口的一侧,所述滑枕沿机床X轴运动,所述立柱沿机床Y轴运动,使所述摆头上的刀具对准所述刀库上刀夹的安装口;
S4:所述滑台沿机床Z轴向所述安装口运动,将所述刀具装入所述刀夹中;
S5:所述滑枕沿X轴向远离所述刀具方向运动,同时所述立柱沿Y轴向远离所述刀具方向运动,所述滑枕运动速度与所述立柱运动速度的比值为所述摆头的轴线与Y轴之间夹角的正切值,使所述刀具脱离所述摆头。
本发明提供一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构和方法,无需使用机械手等复杂设备,依靠机床直线轴的相互配合就可以快捷方便的换刀,而且结构简单,稳定性好,易于维修。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明公开的斜角摆头插补换刀机构结构示意图;
图2为本发明中的换刀机构在摆头无刀的状态下,从刀库取刀时的初始位置示意图;
图3为本发明中的换刀机构摆头与刀具同轴示意图;
图4为本发明中的摆头沿自身轴线方向运动取刀示意图;
图5为本发明中的换刀机构取刀后,使刀具脱离刀库示意图;
图6为本发明中的换刀机构在摆头有刀的状态下,向刀库送刀的初始位置示意图;
图7为本发明中的换刀机构在送刀时,刀具对准刀夹安装口的示意图;
图8为本发明中的换刀机构将道具送入刀库的示意图;
图9为本发明中的摆头与刀具脱离的示意图。
图中:1、床身;2、滑台;3、立柱;4、滑枕;5、摆头;6、刀库;7、刀具;8、刀夹。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构,包括床身1、滑台2、立柱3、滑枕4、摆头5和刀库6,滑台2设置在床身1的一侧,刀库6设置在床身1的另一侧,立柱3设置在滑台2上,滑枕4设置在立柱朝向刀库6的一侧,摆头5设置在滑枕4上,滑台2能够沿机床Z轴运动,立柱3能够沿机床Y轴运动,滑枕4能够沿机床X轴运动,滑枕4的轴线为B轴,B轴与Y轴相互平行,摆头5绕B轴转动。滑台2、立柱3和滑枕4使摆头5能够沿机床X轴、Y轴和Z轴运动,摆头5的轴线与B轴之间的夹角为30°-60°,摆头5能够沿其轴线方向运动并换刀。
摆头5的轴线与Y轴之间存在夹角,摆头通过立柱3在Y轴方向的运动与其他方向上运动的复合实现沿其自身轴向方向运动,本实施例中,换刀时,摆头与X轴处于同一平面,Y轴与X轴方向的复合运动即可实现沿其自身轴向方向运动,将刀库中的刀具方向与摆头5轴线方向相同设置,并将摆头移动至与刀具同轴位置,即可通过摆头5的运动实现插补换刀。
进一步地,摆头5的轴线与Y轴之间角度为45°为最优选择。45°摆头在换刀动作中占用的运动空间小,运动干涉小,避免与其他部件相互影响。
由于摆头5沿其轴线方向的运动是由两个轴的运动复合而来,所以,摆头5的轴线与Y轴之间角度设为45°时,可以平衡两个轴的运动,使两个轴的运动速度相等,运动距离相同,这样不仅使床身结构设计的更加平衡,还使换刀动作更加易于控制。
进一步地,刀库6上设有刀盘,刀盘的轴线与机床Z轴平行,刀盘装有刀具7,刀具7的刀柄朝向刀库6外侧。
刀库6外沿设有刀夹8,刀夹8侧面设有安装口,刀具7的刀柄处设有卡槽,刀具7通过卡槽沿刀库6径向安装在刀夹8的安装口内。刀夹8固定的刀具7可承受径向的力,摆头使自身轴线方向与刀库6径向重合,并沿自身轴线方向运动至刀具7处,抓取刀柄,然后向刀夹8侧面运动,使刀具7脱离刀库6。
摆头无刀状态下,斜角摆头插补换刀方法,包括以下步骤:
如图2所示,立柱沿Y轴运动至远离刀库的一端,避免滑台在沿Z轴运动中,摆头与刀库发生碰触;
转动刀库,调整刀具角度,滑台沿Z轴运动,摆头绕B轴转动,滑枕沿X轴运动,使摆头与刀具同轴,B轴为滑枕的轴线,本实施例中,摆头与滑枕连接的一端高于摆头与刀具可连接的一端,此时摆头与刀具的位置如图3所示;
如图4所示,滑枕沿X轴向刀具方向运动,同时立柱沿Y轴向刀具方向运动,滑枕运动速度与立柱运动速度的比值为摆头的轴线与Z轴之间夹角的正切值;在本实施例中,摆头与Y轴之间的夹角为45°,滑枕运动速度与立柱运动速度相等;
摆头抓取刀具,如图5所示,滑台沿Z轴运动,使刀具脱离刀库。
摆头有刀状态下,斜角摆头插补换刀方法,包括以下步骤:
如图6所示,摆头绕B轴转动,使摆头和机床X轴处于同一平面,本实施例中,摆头与滑枕连接的一端高于摆头与刀具可连接的一端;
转动刀库,使刀库上的刀夹与刀盘中心之间的连线与摆头的轴线相互平行,此时刀夹内没有刀具,并处于待安装刀具的位置;
滑台沿机床Z轴运动,使摆头处于待安装刀夹上设有安装口的一侧,所述滑枕沿机床X轴运动,立柱沿机床Y轴运动,使摆头上的刀具对准刀库上 刀夹的安装口,此时摆头与刀库的位置如图7所示;
如图8所示,滑台沿机床Z轴向安装口运动,将刀具装入刀夹中;
如图9所示,滑枕沿X轴向远离刀具方向运动,同时立柱沿Y轴向远离刀具方向运动,滑枕运动速度与立柱运动速度的比值为摆头的轴线与Y轴之间夹角的正切值,使刀具脱离摆头,在本实施例中,摆头与Y轴之间的夹角为45°,滑枕运动速度与立柱运动速度相等。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (5)
- 一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构,包括床身(1)、滑台(2)、立柱(3)、滑枕(4)、摆头(5)和刀库(6),所述摆头(5)能够沿机床X轴、Y轴和Z轴运动,其特征在于,所述摆头(5)的轴线与B轴之间的夹角为30°-60°,所述刀库(6)上装有刀具(7),所述摆头(5)能够沿自身轴线方向运动并换刀。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构,其特征在于,所述刀库(6)上设有刀盘,所述刀盘的轴线与机床Z轴平行,所述刀盘装有刀具(7),所述刀具(7)的刀柄朝向所述刀库(6)外侧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种斜角摆头插补换刀机构,其特征在于,所述滑台(2)设置在所述床身(1)的一侧,所述刀库(6)设置在所述床身(1)的另一侧,所述立柱(3)设置在所述滑台(2)上,所述滑枕(4)设置在所述立柱(3)朝向所述刀库(6)的一侧,所述摆头(5)设置在所述滑枕(4)上,所述滑台(2)能够沿机床Z轴运动,所述立柱(3)能够沿机床Y轴运动,所述滑枕(4)能够沿机床X轴运动。
- 一种根据权利要求1-3任意一项权利要求所述的斜角摆头插补换刀方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1:所述立柱沿Y轴使待装刀具的摆头运动至远离所述刀库的一端;S2:转动所述刀库,所述滑台沿Z轴运动,所述摆头绕B轴转动,所述滑枕沿X轴运动,使所述摆头的轴线与刀具同轴;S3:所述滑枕沿X轴向刀具方向运动,同时所述立柱沿Y轴向刀具方向运动,所述滑枕运动速度与所述立柱运动速度的比值为所述摆头的轴线与Y轴之间夹角的正切值;S4:所述摆头从所述刀库抓取刀具,所述滑台沿Z轴运动,使所述刀具脱离所述刀库。
- 一种根据权利要求1-3任意一项权利要求所述的斜角摆头插补换刀方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1:装有刀具的摆头绕B轴转动,使所述摆头和机床X轴处于同一平面;S2:转动所述刀库,使所述刀库上的刀夹与刀盘轴之间的连线与所述摆头的轴线相互平行;S3:所述滑台沿机床Z轴运动,使所述摆头处于所述刀夹上设有安装口的 一侧,所述滑枕沿机床X轴运动,所述立柱沿机床Y轴运动,使所述摆头上的刀具对准所述刀库上刀夹的安装口;S4:所述滑台沿机床Z轴向所述安装口运动,将所述刀具装入所述刀夹中;S5:所述滑枕沿X轴向远离所述刀具方向运动,同时所述立柱沿Y轴向远离所述刀具方向运动,所述滑枕运动速度与所述立柱运动速度的比值为所述摆头的轴线与Y轴之间夹角的正切值,使所述刀具脱离所述摆头。
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