WO2024012336A1 - 一种叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法 - Google Patents

一种叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024012336A1
WO2024012336A1 PCT/CN2023/105990 CN2023105990W WO2024012336A1 WO 2024012336 A1 WO2024012336 A1 WO 2024012336A1 CN 2023105990 W CN2023105990 W CN 2023105990W WO 2024012336 A1 WO2024012336 A1 WO 2024012336A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
tool
cutterhead
machining center
swing head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105990
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈虎
尹书强
任志辉
贺行健
王连炀
宫兴林
邓鑫
Original Assignee
科德数控股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 科德数控股份有限公司 filed Critical 科德数控股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020257001381A priority Critical patent/KR20250036140A/ko
Priority to EP23838828.4A priority patent/EP4556159A1/en
Publication of WO2024012336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024012336A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15706—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a single tool being inserted in a spindle directly from a storage device, i.e. without using transfer devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4852—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
    • B23Q3/15539—Plural magazines, e.g. involving tool transfer from one magazine to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15722—Rotary discs or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15726—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15733—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged in the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/179—Direct tool exchange between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1793—Spindle comprises tool changer
    • Y10T483/1795—Matrix indexes selected tool to transfer position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/18—Tool transfer to or from matrix
    • Y10T483/1845—Plural matrices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/18—Tool transfer to or from matrix
    • Y10T483/1873—Indexing matrix
    • Y10T483/1882—Rotary disc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of machine tool processing, and in particular to a blade disk machining center tool magazine and a tool changing method.
  • the blisk machining center adopts The oblique swing head and the tool tip point are set on the rotation axis of the swing head to ensure that large speeds and accelerations of the linear axis will not be generated during rotation of the swing head.
  • Tool change is achieved through the action of the tool change mechanism itself or the cooperation between the tool change mechanism and the machine tool.
  • Adding tool change mechanisms such as manipulators will increase the cost of machine tool manufacturing and occupy more space. Larger space.
  • this tool change method has high requirements on the installation position and posture of the manipulator.
  • the tool axis in the tool magazine, the spindle axis and the axis of the robot grabbing the tool need to be parallel or coincident. This makes it difficult to accurately control the tool change action.
  • the tool change logic is complex and the tool change action is cumbersome, which is not conducive to high efficiency and high precision. processing.
  • the invention provides a blade disk machining center tool magazine and a tool changing method to solve the above problems.
  • a blisk machining center tool magazine including: T linear axis assembly, T axis rotary assembly and A axis rotary assembly.
  • the T linear axis assembly is used to drive the A axis rotary assembly to move linearly.
  • the T axis rotary assembly It is used to drive the cutterhead to perform rotary motion, and the A-axis rotary component is used to drive the swing head equipped with the cutter to perform rotary motion;
  • the axis of the swing head When the axis of the swing head is parallel to or in the plane of the cutterhead, the axis of the swing head is parallel to or coincides with the linear axis of the cutterhead.
  • the T-axis rotary assembly is located on the tool magazine base, and the tool magazine base is located on one side of the bed, and the other side of the bed is provided with a column that can move in the Z-axis direction.
  • a sliding saddle capable of moving in the Y-axis direction is provided, the A-axis rotary assembly is provided on the sliding saddle, and a workbench is also provided on the bed, and the workbench is located on the same side of the tool magazine base;
  • the tool magazine base has an installation slope, and the T-axis rotation assembly is located on the installation slope and can move along the installation slope.
  • the T-axis rotation assembly includes a cutterhead rotation fixing seat, a cutterhead and a cutterhead rotation motor.
  • the cutterhead rotation fixation seat is installed on the installation slope, and the cutterhead is rotatably installed on the installation slope.
  • the cutterhead rotating motor is fixed on the cutterhead rotating fixed base through the motor base.
  • the cutterhead is coaxially fixed with a driven gear, and the driven gear meshes with the driving gear.
  • the cutter head rotation motor is transmission connected with the driving gear.
  • the T linear axis assembly includes a drive motor and a guide rail located on the installation slope.
  • the drive motor is connected to the T-axis rotary assembly through a screw and a screw nut.
  • the T-axis rotary assembly passes through a slide.
  • the blocks are mounted on the rails.
  • the detection switch bracket also includes a detection switch bracket, one end of the detection switch bracket is fixed on the rotary fixed base of the cutterhead, and the other end is provided with a detection switch, and the detection switch faces the tool provided on the cutterhead.
  • the T-axis rotary assembly includes a cutterhead.
  • the cutterhead is circumferentially provided with a tool holder for holding tools.
  • the axes of the tools are perpendicular to the axis of the cutterhead.
  • the tool holder is on the The cutter is clamped on both sides of the cutter head in the axial direction.
  • angle ⁇ between the T1 axis and the horizontal direction is 30°, 45° or 60°.
  • a method for changing tools in a blisk machining center which utilizes the tool magazine of the blisk machining center and includes the following steps:
  • the column moves along the Z-axis
  • the sliding saddle moves along the Y-axis
  • the A-axis rotary component drives the swing head to rotate so that the axis of the swing head of the tool to be installed intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the cutterhead and is coplanar with the axis of the tool;
  • the S2 and T2 axis rotary components rotate the cutterhead so that the axis of the tool to be grasped coincides with the axis of the swing head;
  • the S3 and T2 axis rotary components move along the T1 axis, causing the swing head to grab the tool;
  • the column moves along the Z-axis to separate the cutter from the cutterhead.
  • a method for changing tools in a blisk machining center which utilizes the tool magazine of the blisk machining center and includes the following steps:
  • the column moves along the Z-axis
  • the sliding saddle moves along the Y-axis
  • the A-axis rotary component drives the swing head to rotate so that the axis of the swing head equipped with the tool intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the cutterhead, and the axis of the swing head is perpendicular to the axis of the cutterhead.
  • the distance between the cutterhead is greater than the distance between the tool mounting opening on the cutterhead and the cutterhead;
  • the S2 and T2 axis rotary components rotate the cutterhead so that the axis of the tool mounting port on the cutterhead is parallel to the axis of the swing head;
  • the T2 axis rotary assembly moves along the T1 axis to align the tool mounting port on the cutter head with the tool on the swing head;
  • the swing head releases the tool, and the T2 axis rotary component moves along the T1 axis to separate the tool from the swing head.
  • the blisk machining center tool magazine and tool changing method disclosed by the present invention do not require the use of complex equipment such as manipulators.
  • the tool changing process can be completely realized by relying on the mutual cooperation of the Z axis, Y axis and T1 axis of the machine tool, greatly reducing production costs. Reducing the space occupied by the machine tool is more conducive to the structural layout of the machine tool itself and reduces the possibility of interference between the tool changing action and the machining action.
  • the grabbing and loosening of the tool can be achieved only through the coordination of a single linear axis movement.
  • the tool change only needs to coincide with the axis of the tool in the tool magazine, which greatly reduces the time required for tool change.
  • the complexity of the action makes the machine tool tool change logic simpler and easier to control, which is conducive to high-precision and high-efficiency machining. It also has a simple structure, good stability, and easy maintenance. build.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blisk machining center tool magazine disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the tool magazine structure of a blisk machining center disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the tool magazine structure of a blisk machining center disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the tool changing positions of the spindle in a tool changing method of a blisk machining center disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment discloses a blisk machining center tool magazine, which is characterized in that it includes: a T2-axis rotary assembly and an A-axis rotary assembly, and the T2-axis rotary assembly is used to drive the cutterhead 2 To make a rotary motion, the A-axis rotary component is used to drive the swing head 1 equipped with a tool to make a rotary motion;
  • the T2 axis rotary component can move along the T1 axis.
  • the axis of the swing head 1 is parallel to the plane where the cutterhead 2 is located, or is in the plane where the cutterhead 2 is located, the axis of the swing head 1 is parallel to the plane of the cutterhead 2.
  • the linear axes of the cutterhead are parallel or coincident.
  • the blisk machining center tool magazine and tool changing method disclosed by the present invention do not require the use of complex equipment such as manipulators.
  • the tool changing process can be completely realized by relying on the mutual cooperation of the Z axis, Y axis and T1 axis of the machine tool, and during the tool changing process , the grabbing and loosening of the tool can be realized only through the coordination of a single linear axis movement, which greatly reduces the complexity of the tool changing action, making the machine tool tool changing logic simpler, easier to control, and has a simple and stable structure Good performance and easy to maintain.
  • the axis of the swing head 1 is parallel to the plane where the cutter head 2 is located. There is a tool on the cutter head.
  • the tool axis coincides with the axis of the swing head 1.
  • the T2 axis rotary component moves along the T1 axis and is in contact with the tool grabbing mechanism of the swing head. Cooperate to realize the grabbing and releasing actions of the tool without the need for multi-axis coordination.
  • the T2-axis rotary component is located on the tool magazine base 3.
  • the tool magazine base 3 is located on one side of the bed 4.
  • the other side of the bed 4 is provided with a tool that can move along the Z-axis direction.
  • the upright column 5 is provided with a sliding saddle 6 that can move in the Y-axis direction.
  • the sliding saddle 6 is provided with the A-axis rotation assembly.
  • the bed 4 is also provided with a workbench 7, so The workbench 7 is located on the same side of the tool magazine base 3;
  • the tool magazine base 3 has an installation slope, and the T2 axis rotary component is located on the installation slope and can move along the installation slope.
  • the swing head can move in the Z-axis and Y-axis directions through the upright column and the sliding saddle.
  • the worktable 7 can move in the X-axis direction on the bed 4, and the swing head does not need to move in the X-axis direction.
  • the multi-dimensional movement is combined to complete the blisk processing.
  • the swing head does not need to move in the X-axis direction, which is more conducive to stability during the swing head processing, is easier to control, and helps optimize the processing logic.
  • the tool changing process is realized by the swing head grabbing mechanism and the T1 axis, which greatly reduces the movements and motion components involved in the traditional tool changing process, making the entire tool changing logic simple, easy to operate, and simple in structure, reducing installation and debugging. Probability of error.
  • the T2 axis rotation assembly includes a cutterhead rotation fixing seat 8, a cutterhead 2 and a cutterhead rotation motor 9.
  • the cutterhead rotation fixation seat 8 is installed on the installation slope.
  • the cutterhead 2 It is rotatably mounted on the cutterhead rotation fixing seat 8.
  • the cutterhead rotation motor 9 is fixed on the cutterhead rotation fixation seat 8 through the motor base 10.
  • the cutterhead 2 is coaxially fixed with a driven gear.
  • the driven gear 11 is meshed with the driving gear 12
  • the cutter head rotation motor 9 is drivingly connected to the driving gear 12 .
  • the T1 linear axis assembly includes a drive motor and a guide rail 13.
  • the drive motor and the guide rail 13 arranged along the T1 axis direction are provided on the installation slope.
  • the drive motor rotates with the T2 axis through a screw and a nut.
  • the components are connected, and the T2 axis rotary component is installed on the guide rail 13 through a slider.
  • the tool magazine base 3 is fixed on the bed 4.
  • the tool magazine base 3 is a wedge-shaped structure with a top surface that is a bevel, and the angle of the bevel is determined according to the angle of the swing head.
  • the cutterhead 2 is installed on the cutterhead rotating fixed base 8 through bearings.
  • the cutterhead rotating fixed base 8 is also fixed with a motor base 10 through a bracket.
  • the cutterhead rotating motor 9 is fixed on the motor base 10 .
  • the driven gear 11 is coaxially arranged with the cutterhead 2.
  • the diameter of the driven gear 11 is larger than the driving gear 12.
  • the motor drives the cutterhead 2 to rotate through the driving gear and the driven gear.
  • a detection switch bracket 14 is also included.
  • One end of the detection switch bracket 14 is fixed on the rotary fixing base 8 of the cutter head, and the other end is provided with a detection switch 15.
  • the detection switch 15 faces the direction provided on the cutter head. Knife on Disk 2.
  • the cutter head 2 is provided with tool holders 16 for holding tools in the circumferential direction.
  • the axes of the cutters are perpendicularly intersected with the axis of the cutter head 2.
  • the tool holders 16 are on both sides of the cutter head 2 in the axial direction. The tool is clamped.
  • the detection switch bracket is arranged along the radial direction of the cutterhead.
  • the detection switch 15 is arranged between the tools on both sides. There are two detection switches 15. The two detection switches 15 are respectively aligned with the tools on both sides for detecting whether the tool holder is in the tool holder. The tool is held in the clamp.
  • the angle between the swing head and the machine tool linear axis is 30°, 45° or 60°, and the T1
  • the angle ⁇ between the axis and the horizontal direction is 30°, 45° or 60°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the T1 axis and the horizontal direction is 45°.
  • the invention also discloses a tool changing method of a blisk machining center, which utilizes the blade magazine of the blisk machining center and includes the following steps:
  • the column moves along the Z-axis
  • the sliding saddle moves along the Y-axis
  • the A-axis rotary component drives the swing head to rotate so that the axis of the swing head of the tool to be installed intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the cutterhead and is coplanar with the axis of the tool;
  • the S2 and T2 axis rotary components rotate the cutterhead so that the axis of the tool to be grabbed coincides with the axis of the swing head; at this time, the tool to be grabbed is at the upper part of the cutterhead;
  • the S3 and T2 axis rotary components move along the T1 axis, causing the swing head to grab the tool;
  • the column moves along the Z-axis to separate the cutter from the cutterhead.
  • the invention also discloses a tool changing method of a blisk machining center, which utilizes the blade magazine of the blisk machining center and includes the following steps:
  • the column moves along the Z-axis
  • the sliding saddle moves along the Y-axis
  • the A-axis rotary component drives the swing head to rotate so that the axis of the swing head equipped with the tool intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the cutterhead, and the axis of the swing head is perpendicular to the axis of the cutterhead.
  • the distance between the cutterhead is greater than the distance between the tool mounting opening on the cutterhead and the cutterhead;
  • the S2 and T2 axis rotary components rotate the cutterhead so that the axis of the tool installation port on the cutterhead is parallel to the axis of the swing head; at this time, the tool installation port is at the upper part of the cutterhead;
  • the T2 axis rotary assembly moves along the T1 axis to align the tool mounting port on the cutter head with the tool on the swing head;
  • the swing head releases the tool, and the T2 axis rotary component moves along the T1 axis to separate the tool from the swing head.
  • the cutter head Before swinging the head to grab the tool or put it back, the cutter head rotates once and passes the detection switch. The tool holding status of each tool holder on the cutterhead is detected, and the CNC system records each position and status information.
  • the CNC system records each position and status information.
  • the tool changing method disclosed in this embodiment only needs to use the Z and Y axes of the machine tool to determine the position, and uses the T1 axis to make the tool magazine linearly move, and cooperates with the swing head to grab and release the tool.
  • the tool change process no two The combination of one or more linear axes does not require interpolation motion, and can achieve fast and accurate tool changes.
  • the tool change action is simpler, the tool change logic is simpler, easier to control, and the machine tool processing efficiency is higher.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种叶盘加工中心刀库，包括T2轴回转组件和A轴回转组件，所述T2轴回转组件能够沿T1轴运动，当所述摆头的轴线与所述刀盘所在平面平行，或处于所述刀盘所在平面时，所述摆头轴线与所述刀盘直线轴平行或重合。本发明还提供一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，无需使用机械手等复杂设备，依靠机床Z轴、Y轴以及T1轴的相互配合就可以完整的实现换刀过程，而且在换刀过程中，刀具的抓取和松脱的动作，仅通过单一直线轴运动配合即可实现，大幅降低了换刀动作的复杂性，使机床换刀逻辑更为简洁，操控易于实现，而且结构简单，稳定性好，易于维修。

Description

一种叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机床加工领域，尤其涉及一种叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法。
背景技术
在叶盘等精细加工过程中，为了加工出叶片的形状，叶盘加工中心的刀具与加工的工件之间会有一定程度的转动，这个转动由工件和刀具在多个维度的相对运动复合而成。
为了更好的对叶盘进行加工，保证机床在进行五轴旋转刀具中心加工动作时，各物理轴的运动速度和加速度相对于普通结构的机床保持在一个较低的范围，叶盘加工中心采用斜角摆头并将刀尖点设置在摆头回转轴线上，保证摆头旋转加工时，不会产生线性轴较大的速度和加速度。
现有的机床为了实现换刀，需要额外设置机械手等换刀机构，通过换刀机构自身动作或者换刀机构与机床配合动作实现换刀，增加机械手等换刀机构，会提高机床制造成本，占用较大的空间。而且，由于采用斜角摆头，主轴轴线和刀具轴线均与机床坐标轴之间存在一定夹角，为了配合斜角摆头，这种换刀方式对机械手的安装位置和姿态要求均有较高要求，需要使刀库内刀具轴线、主轴轴线和机械手抓取刀具轴线平行或重合，这使换刀动作精准控制的难度较大，换刀逻辑复杂，换刀动作繁琐，不利于高效率高精度加工。
发明内容
本发明提供一种叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法，以解决上述问题。
一种叶盘加工中心刀库，包括：T直线轴组件、T轴回转组件和A轴回转组件，所述T直线轴组件用于驱动所述A轴回转组件直线运动，所述T轴回转组件用于驱动刀盘做回转运动，所述A轴回转组件用于驱动装有刀具的摆头做回转运动；
当所述摆头的轴线与所述刀盘所在平面平行，或处于所述刀盘所在平面时，所述摆头轴线与所述刀盘直线轴平行或重合。
进一步地，所述T轴回转组件设于刀库底座上，所述刀库底座设于床身一侧，所述床身另一侧设有能够沿Z轴方向运动的立柱，所述立柱上设有能够沿Y轴方向运动的滑鞍，所述滑鞍上设有所述A轴回转组件，所述床身上还设有工作台，所述工作台设于所述刀库底座同侧；
所述刀库底座具有安装斜面，所述T轴回转组件设于所述安装斜面，并能够沿所述安装斜面运动。
进一步地，所述T轴回转组件包括刀盘转动固定座、刀盘和刀盘转动电机，所述刀盘转动固定座安装于所述安装斜面上，所述刀盘可转动的安装于所述刀盘转动固定座上，所述刀盘转动电机通过电机座固定于所述刀盘转动固定座上，所述刀盘同轴固定有从动齿轮，所述从动齿轮与主动齿轮啮合，所述刀盘转动电机与所述主动齿轮传动连接。
进一步地，所述T直线轴组件包括设于所述安装斜面上的驱动电机和导轨，所述驱动电机通过丝杠和丝母与所述T轴回转组件连接，所述T轴回转组件通过滑块安装在所述导轨上。
进一步地，还包括检测开关支架，所述检测开关支架一端固定在所述刀盘转动固定座上，另一端设有检测开关，所述检测开关朝向设于所述刀盘上的刀具。
进一步地，所述T轴回转组件包括刀盘，所述刀盘周向设有用于夹持刀具的刀夹，所述刀具的轴线均与所述刀盘的轴线垂直相交，所述刀夹在所述刀盘轴向的两侧均夹持有所述刀具。
进一步地，T1轴与水平方向的夹角α为30°、45°或60°。
一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，利用所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使待装刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交且与刀具的轴线共面；
S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使待抓取刀具的轴线与所述摆头的轴线重合；
S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述摆头抓取所述刀具；
S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述刀盘。
一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，利用所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使装有刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交，且所述摆头轴线与所述刀盘的距离大于所述刀盘上的刀具安装口与所述刀盘的距离；
S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使所述刀盘上刀具安装口的轴线与所述摆头的轴线平行；
S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀盘上的刀具安装口对准所述摆头上的刀具；
S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具装入所述刀盘；
S5、所述摆头松开所述刀具，T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述摆头。
本发明公开的叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法，无需使用机械手等复杂设备，依靠机床Z轴、Y轴以及T1轴的相互配合就可以完整的实现换刀过程，大幅降低了生产成本，减少机床占用空间，更有利于机床自身结构布置，降低换刀动作与加工动作相互干涉的可能性。而且在换刀过程中，刀具的抓取和松脱的动作，仅通过单一直线轴运动配合即可实现，仅需要主轴与刀库内刀具轴线重合，即可实现换刀，大幅降低了换刀动作的复杂性，使机床换刀逻辑更为简洁，操控易于实现，有利于高精度高效率加工，而且结构简单，稳定性好，易于维 修。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中公开的一种叶盘加工中心刀库结构示意图；
图2为图1中A部分的放大图；
图3为本发明实施例中公开的一种叶盘加工中心刀库结构侧意图；
图4为本发明实施例中公开的一种叶盘加工中心刀库结构主视图；
图5为图4中B部分的放大图；
图6为本发明实施例中公开的一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法中，主轴各换刀位置示意图。
图中：1、摆头；2、刀盘；3、刀库底座；4、床身；5、立柱；6、滑鞍；7、工作台；8、刀盘转动固定座；9、刀盘转动电机；10、电机座；11、从动齿轮；12、主动齿轮；13、导轨；14、检测开关支架；15、检测开关；16、刀夹。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有 作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-5所示，本实施例公开了一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，包括：T2轴回转组件和A轴回转组件，所述T2轴回转组件用于驱动刀盘2做回转运动，所述A轴回转组件用于驱动装有刀具的摆头1做回转运动；
所述T2轴回转组件能够沿T1轴运动，当所述摆头1的轴线与所述刀盘2所在平面平行，或处于所述刀盘2所在平面时，所述摆头1轴线与所述刀盘直线轴平行或重合。
本发明公开的叶盘加工中心刀库及换刀方法，无需使用机械手等复杂设备，依靠机床Z轴、Y轴以及T1轴的相互配合就可以完整的实现换刀过程，而且在换刀过程中，刀具的抓取和松脱的动作，仅通过单一直线轴运动配合即可实现，大幅降低了换刀动作的复杂性，使机床换刀逻辑更为简洁，操控易于实现，而且结构简单，稳定性好，易于维修。
如图3所示，摆头1轴线与刀盘2所在平面平行，刀盘上设有刀具，刀具轴线与摆头1轴线重合，T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，与摆头的抓刀机构配合，实现刀具的抓取和松脱动作，不需要多轴配合。
本实施例中，所述T2轴回转组件设于刀库底座3上，所述刀库底座3设于床身4一侧，所述床身4另一侧设有能够沿Z轴方向运动的立柱5，所述立柱5上设有能够沿Y轴方向运动的滑鞍6，所述滑鞍6上设有所述A轴回转组件，所述床身4上还设有工作台7，所述工作台7设于所述刀库底座3同侧；
所述刀库底座3具有安装斜面，所述T2轴回转组件设于所述安装斜面，并能够沿所述安装斜面运动。
本实施例中，摆头通过立柱和滑鞍，能够实现Z轴和Y轴方向的运动，工作台7能够在床身4上沿X轴方向运动，摆头无需X轴方向运动。通过工作台的转动、摆头Z、Y方向运动和摆头自身摆动，多维度运动复合，完成叶盘加工。摆头不需在X轴方向运动，更有利于摆头加工过程中的稳定性，更易于操控，有助于优化加工逻辑。 而换刀过程通过摆头的抓刀机构与T1轴配合实现，大幅减少传统换刀过程中的动作和涉及到的运动组件，使整个换刀逻辑简洁，操作方便，而且结构简单，降低安装调试误差几率。
本实施例中，所述T2轴回转组件包括刀盘转动固定座8、刀盘2和刀盘转动电机9，所述刀盘转动固定座8安装于所述安装斜面上，所述刀盘2可转动的安装于所述刀盘转动固定座8上，所述刀盘转动电机9通过电机座10固定于所述刀盘转动固定座8上，所述刀盘2同轴固定有从动齿轮11，所述从动齿轮11与主动齿轮12啮合，所述刀盘转动电机9与所述主动齿轮12传动连接。T1直线轴组件包括驱动电机和导轨13，所述安装斜面上设有所述驱动电机和沿所述T1轴方向设置的导轨13，所述驱动电机通过丝杠和丝母与所述T2轴回转组件连接，所述T2轴回转组件通过滑块安装在所述导轨13上。
刀库底座3固定于床身4上，刀库底座3为外形为楔形的结构体，顶面为斜面，斜面的角度根据摆头的角度确定。刀盘2通过轴承安装于刀盘转动固定座8，刀盘转动固定座8上还通过支架固定有电机座10，刀盘转动电机9固定于电机座10上。从动齿轮11与刀盘2同轴设置，从动齿轮11的直径大于主动齿轮12，电机通过主动齿轮和从动齿轮驱动刀盘2转动。
本实施例中，还包括检测开关支架14，所述检测开关支架14一端固定在所述刀盘转动固定座8上，另一端设有检测开关15，所述检测开关15朝向设于所述刀盘2上的刀具。
所述刀盘2周向设有用于夹持刀具的刀夹16，所述刀具的轴线均与所述刀盘2的轴线垂直相交，所述刀夹16在所述刀盘2轴向的两侧均夹持有所述刀具。
刀盘的两侧均设有刀具，可以使刀盘安装的刀具数量翻倍，提高加工效率。换刀时，摆头从待更换刀具的一侧进行换刀。检测开关支架沿刀盘径向方向设置，检测开关15设于两侧刀具之间，检测开关15设有两个，两个检测开关15分别对准两侧的刀具，用于检测刀夹中是否夹持有刀具。
摆头与机床直线轴之间的夹角为30°、45°或60°，所述T1 轴与水平方向的夹角α为30°、45°或60°。本实施例中，所述T1轴与水平方向的夹角α为45°。
本发明还公开了一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，利用所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使待装刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交且与刀具的轴线共面；
S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使待抓取刀具的轴线与所述摆头的轴线重合；此时待抓取刀具处于刀盘上部；
S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述摆头抓取所述刀具；
S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述刀盘。
当摆头上没有夹持刀具时，采用上述方法抓取刀具。
本发明还公开了一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，利用所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使装有刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交，且所述摆头轴线与所述刀盘的距离大于所述刀盘上的刀具安装口与所述刀盘的距离；
S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使所述刀盘上刀具安装口的轴线与所述摆头的轴线平行；此时刀具安装口处于刀盘上部；
S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀盘上的刀具安装口对准所述摆头上的刀具；
S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具装入所述刀盘；
S5、所述摆头松开所述刀具，T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述摆头。
当摆头上夹持有刀具时，采用上述方法放回刀具。
如图6所示，图示了四个换刀位置，分别用于刀盘两侧刀具更换。
刀盘沿导轨向上运动至极限位置为自动换刀位置，刀盘沿导轨向下运动至极限位置为刀盘转动位置和手动换刀位置。
在摆头抓取刀具或放回刀具之前，刀盘转动一周，通过检测开关 检测刀盘上各个刀夹的持刀状态，并由数控系统记录各个位置及状态信息。换刀时，如摆头上没有夹持刀具，则可通过前述方法直接抓取刀具，如摆头上夹持有刀具，则需要通过前述方法将刀具送回刀库中，再重新抓取刀具。
本实施例公开的换刀方法，仅需利用机床Z、Y轴进行位置确定，并利用T1轴使刀库直线运动，配合摆头进行抓刀和松刀，在换刀过程中，不需要两个或多个直线轴复合，也不需要插补运动，即可实现快捷准确的换刀，换刀动作更简单，换刀逻辑更为简洁，易于控制，机床加工效率更高。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，包括：T1直线轴组件、T2轴回转组件和A轴回转组件，所述T1直线轴组件用于驱动所述A轴回转组件直线运动，所述T2轴回转组件用于驱动刀盘(2)做回转运动，所述A轴回转组件用于驱动装有刀具的摆头(1)做回转运动；
    当所述摆头(1)的轴线与所述刀盘(2)所在平面平行，或处于所述刀盘(2)所在平面时，所述摆头(1)轴线与所述刀盘直线轴平行或重合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，所述T2轴回转组件设于刀库底座(3)上，所述刀库底座(3)设于床身(4)一侧，所述床身(4)另一侧设有能够沿Z轴方向运动的立柱(5)，所述立柱(5)上设有能够沿Y轴方向运动的滑鞍(6)，所述滑鞍(6)上设有所述A轴回转组件，所述床身(4)上还设有工作台(7)，所述工作台(7)设于所述刀库底座(3)同侧；
    所述刀库底座(3)具有安装斜面，所述T2轴回转组件设于所述安装斜面，并能够沿所述安装斜面运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，所述T2轴回转组件包括刀盘转动固定座(8)、刀盘(2)和刀盘转动电机(9)，所述刀盘转动固定座(8)安装于所述安装斜面上，所述刀盘(2)可转动的安装于所述刀盘转动固定座(8)上，所述刀盘转动电机(9)通过电机座(10)固定于所述刀盘转动固定座(8)上，所述刀盘(2)同轴固定有从动齿轮(11)，所述从动齿轮(11)与主动齿轮(12)啮合，所述刀盘转动电机(9)与所述主动齿轮(12)传动连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，所述T1直线轴组件包括设于所述安装斜面上的驱动电机和导轨(13)，所述驱动电机通过丝杠和丝母与所述T2轴回转组件连接，所述T2轴回转组件通过滑块安装在所述导轨(13)上。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，还包括检测开关支架(14)，所述检测开关支架(14)一端固定在所述刀盘转动固定座(8)上，另一端设有检测开关(15)，所述检测 开关(15)朝向设于所述刀盘(2)上的刀具。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，所述T2轴回转组件包括刀盘(2)，所述刀盘(2)周向设有用于夹持刀具的刀夹(16)，所述刀具的轴线均与所述刀盘(2)的轴线垂直相交，所述刀夹(16)在所述刀盘(2)轴向的两侧均夹持有所述刀具。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶盘加工中心刀库，其特征在于，T1轴与水平方向的夹角α为30°、45°或60°。
  8. 一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1-7任意一项所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
    S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使待装刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交且与刀具的轴线共面；
    S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使待抓取刀具的轴线与所述摆头的轴线重合；
    S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述摆头抓取所述刀具；
    S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述刀盘。
  9. 一种叶盘加工中心换刀方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1-7任意一项所述的叶盘加工中心刀库，并包括以下步骤：
    S1、立柱沿Z轴运动，滑鞍沿Y轴运动，A轴回转组件驱动摆头转动，使装有刀具的摆头的轴线与刀盘的轴线垂直相交，且所述摆头轴线与所述刀盘的距离大于所述刀盘上的刀具安装口与所述刀盘的距离；
    S2、T2轴回转组件转动所述刀盘，使所述刀盘上刀具安装口的轴线与所述摆头的轴线平行；
    S3、T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀盘上的刀具安装口对准所述摆头上的刀具；
    S4、立柱沿Z轴运动，使所述刀具装入所述刀盘；
    S5、所述摆头松开所述刀具，T2轴回转组件沿T1轴运动，使所述刀具脱离所述摆头。
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