WO2021153173A1 - Power conditioner and power generation system - Google Patents

Power conditioner and power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021153173A1
WO2021153173A1 PCT/JP2021/000283 JP2021000283W WO2021153173A1 WO 2021153173 A1 WO2021153173 A1 WO 2021153173A1 JP 2021000283 W JP2021000283 W JP 2021000283W WO 2021153173 A1 WO2021153173 A1 WO 2021153173A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
conditioner
control unit
power generation
measurement result
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2021/000283
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小林　勇次
泰生 奥田
修平 西川
杉本　敏
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2021153173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021153173A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a power conditioner and a power generation system that control electric power.
  • a power generation control device that controls the output of the power conditioner is connected to a power conditioner that controls the generated power of the solar cell, and the power generation control device transfers the measured value of the power consumption and the measured value of the generated power. Based on this, the output command value is calculated and output to the power conditioner (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • Cubicle-type high-pressure power receiving equipment may be installed in small and medium-sized facilities with a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less, such as factories, large commercial facilities, hospitals, office buildings, hotels, and stores. be.
  • a cubicle is a substation facility in which a set of equipment for receiving high-voltage power is housed in a metal outer box, and the high-voltage power received at 6600V is transformed into 100V or 200V and supplied to the facility.
  • the facility is also equipped with a watt-hour meter that measures the power used in the facility, and the watt-hour meter is used by retail electric utilities for power sales transactions.
  • photovoltaic power generation systems are shifting from selling electricity to self-consumption.
  • a measurement control device is required to measure the power of the trading power and adjust the generated power so that reverse power flow does not occur.
  • This disclosure was made in view of these circumstances, and the purpose is to provide a technology for suppressing the expansion of the scale of equipment in the power generation system.
  • the power conditioner of a certain aspect of the present disclosure is a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and the DC power generated in the power generation device is converted into AC power.
  • the input unit that receives the measurement result from the watt hour meter that measures the power that is bought and sold to the power system, and the measurement result that is received at the input unit, it is converted so that it will not be sold. It includes a control unit that controls conversion in the unit.
  • This power conditioner is a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and is a conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, and a power distribution unit for the power system. It includes an input unit that receives the measurement result from the current sensor that measures the current to be generated, and a control unit that controls the conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell the power based on the measurement result received in the input unit.
  • This power generation system includes a power generation device, a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and a watt-hour meter for measuring the power sold and sold to the power system.
  • the power conditioner sells power based on the conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, the input unit that receives the measurement result from the watt-hour meter, and the measurement result received at the input unit. It is provided with a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to become.
  • This power generation system includes a power generation device, a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and a current sensor that measures the current to be bought and sold to the power system.
  • the power conditioner does not sell power based on the conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, the input unit that receives the measurement result from the current sensor, and the measurement result received by the input unit.
  • a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit is provided.
  • any combination of the above components and the conversion of the expression of the present disclosure between a method, a device, a system, a computer program, a recording medium on which a computer program is recorded, or the like is also effective as an aspect of the present disclosure. be.
  • FIG. 3 are diagrams showing the data structure of the table held in the control unit of FIG. 4 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power generation system which concerns on Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 are diagrams showing the data structure of the table held in the control unit of FIG. 7 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system of FIG.
  • the first embodiment relates to a power generation system such as a solar cell system.
  • High-voltage power is supplied from the power system to small and medium-sized facilities, and high-voltage power is transformed by cubicles.
  • the transformed power is supplied to the load equipment via the distribution board in the small and medium-sized facilities.
  • a power generation system is introduced in a small to medium-sized facility, a power generation device such as a solar cell is connected to a power conditioner, and the power conditioner is connected to a distribution board.
  • the power conditioner for example, converts the DC power generated in the power generation device into AC power and outputs it to the distribution board.
  • power is sold by reverse power flow to the power system via a power conditioner, a distribution board, and a cubicle.
  • a reverse power flow relay (RPR) is provided in the cubicle in order to prevent the occurrence of reverse power flow to the power system.
  • RPR operates, it is necessary to stop the power conditioner, and in order to prevent this, a measurement control device is provided in the cubicle. The measurement control device measures the power of the trading power, generates a command for adjusting the generated power so that reverse power flow does not occur, and outputs the command to the power conditioner.
  • the cubicle will also be equipped with a watt-hour meter to measure the power used in small and medium-sized facilities.
  • Electric energy meters are used for confirmation by retail electric utilities, and measurement and control devices are used for controlling power conditioners, and their uses are different.
  • measurement and control devices are used for controlling power conditioners, and their uses are different.
  • a plurality of devices having the same function are included in the power generation system.
  • the measurement control device is not provided in the cubicle, and the function for controlling the operation of the power conditioner is provided in the power conditioner among the measurement control devices so that reverse power flow does not occur. Be done.
  • the power conditioner is also equipped with a function to receive the measurement result of the watt-hour meter from the watt-hour meter, and the power conditioner prevents reverse power flow from occurring based on the measurement result of the watt-hour meter. Operate.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1 to be compared.
  • the power generation system 1 includes a power system 10, a cubicle 20, a power meter 30, a distribution board 40, a load device 50, a power generation device 60, and a power conditioner 70.
  • the cubicle 20 includes a measurement control unit 22 and an RPR24, and the power conditioner 70 includes an input unit 74 and a conversion unit 72.
  • the power generation system 1 is provided in a small to medium-sized facility having a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less. Examples of small and medium-sized facilities are factories, large commercial facilities, hospitals, office buildings, hotels, stores, and the like.
  • the electric power system 10 is provided by an electric power company or the like. Here, it is assumed that a high voltage power of 6600 V is provided. As described above, the cubicle 20 has a substation function and executes a transformation between high voltage power at 6600V and power of 100V or 200V.
  • the distribution board 40 is connected to the cubicle 20 and is connected to the power system 10 via the cubicle 20. Further, the distribution board 40 connects the load device 50 and supplies electric power to the load device 50.
  • the load device 50 is a device that consumes the electric power supplied from the distribution board 40.
  • the load device 50 includes devices such as an air conditioner (air conditioner), a television receiver (television), a lighting device, and a refrigerator.
  • one load device 50 is connected to the distribution board 40, but a plurality of load devices 50 may be connected to the distribution board 40.
  • the watt-hour meter 30 is a digital watt-hour meter connected to the cubicle 20, for example, a smart meter.
  • the watt hour meter 30 can measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10.
  • the former corresponds to purchased power or forward power, and the latter corresponds to sold power or reverse power.
  • the electricity meter 30 is installed in a small to medium-sized facility for confirmation by a retail electric utility.
  • the power generation device 60 is, for example, a solar cell and is a renewable energy power generation device.
  • the power generation device 60 utilizes the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electric power.
  • As the solar cell a silicon solar cell, a solar cell made of a compound semiconductor or the like, a dye-sensitized type (organic solar cell), or the like is used. Since the intensity of sunlight, which is a renewable energy, fluctuates with the weather and time, the electric power generated by the power generation device 60 also fluctuates.
  • the power generation device 60 outputs the generated DC power to the power conditioner 70.
  • the conversion unit 72 of the power conditioner 70 has the functions of a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC inverter, converts the DC power output from the power generation device 60 into DC power having a desired voltage value, and converts the DC power. Converts power to AC power.
  • the conversion unit 72 outputs the converted AC power to the distribution board 40.
  • the distribution board 40 When selling the electric power generated by the power generation device 60, the distribution board 40 outputs the AC electric power from the conversion unit 72 to the electric power system 10 via the cubicle 20. However, since this embodiment assumes self-consumption rather than selling power, the distribution board 40 supplies AC power from the conversion unit 72 to the load device 50.
  • RPR24 is provided in the cubicle 20 in order to prevent reverse power flow.
  • the RPR24 is a relay that operates in the direction from the distribution board 40 toward the power system 10, that is, when AC power of reverse power flow is detected.
  • the RPR24 transmits a contact signal to the power conditioner 70, for example, when a reverse power current flows, and the power conditioner 70 stops power generation.
  • the RPR 24 operates when a reverse power flow to the power system 10 occurs, so that when a reverse power flow occurs, the power transmission from the power generation device 60 and the power conditioner 70 is stopped, and the power transmission to the power system 10 is stopped. Prevent reverse power flow.
  • the measurement control unit 22 can measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10, and controls the conversion in the conversion unit 72 based on the measurement result. Generates a command to do so (hereinafter referred to as "output command value"). For example, when the power of the forward power flow is smaller than the first predetermined value, the measurement control unit 22 sets an output command value that reduces the AC power output from the conversion unit 72 in order to prevent the occurrence of reverse power flow. Generate. Further, when the power of the forward tide is larger than the second predetermined value, the measurement control unit 22 generates an output command value that increases the AC power output from the conversion unit 72.
  • the second predetermined value is set to a value larger than the first predetermined value.
  • a known technique may be used for such control in the measurement control unit 22.
  • the measurement control unit 22 is connected to the power conditioner 70 by a communication line, and transmits an output command value to the power conditioner 70 via the communication line.
  • the input unit 74 of the power conditioner 70 is connected to the cubicle 20 via a communication line and receives an output command value.
  • the conversion unit 72 controls the output of AC power according to the content of the output command value received by the input unit 74.
  • the measurement control unit 22 and the watt hour meter 30 measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10, and are similar. Has a function. As described above, in order to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1, it is desirable that the power generation system 1 does not include a plurality of devices having the same function.
  • FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1000.
  • the power generation system 1000 includes a power system 100, a cubicle 200, an electric energy meter 300, a distribution board 400, a load device 500, a power generation device 600, a power conditioner 700, and a storage battery 800.
  • the cubicle 200 includes an RPR204
  • the power conditioner 700 includes a conversion unit 702, an input unit 704, and a control unit 706.
  • the power generation system 1000 is provided in a small-to-medium-scale facility having a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less, similarly to the power generation system 1 described above.
  • the power system 100 is the same as the power system 10 described above, and the power system 10 is a high voltage power of 6600 V provided by an electric power company or the like.
  • the cubicle 200 has a substation function, performs transformation between high voltage power of 6600V and power of 100V or 200V, and has RPR204 for preventing reverse power flow of power.
  • RPR204 is the same as the previous RPR24.
  • the distribution board 400 is connected to the cubicle 200 and is connected to the power system 100 via the cubicle 200. Further, the distribution board 400 connects the load device 500 and supplies electric power to the load device 500.
  • the load device 500 is the same as the load device 50 described above.
  • the watt-hour meter 300 is a digital watt-hour meter connected to the cubicle 200, for example, a smart meter.
  • the watt-hour meter 300 has the same measurement function as the above-mentioned watt-hour meter 30, and can measure the forward power flowing from the power system 100 or the reverse power flowing out to the power system 100. be.
  • the former corresponds to purchased power or forward power
  • the latter corresponds to sold power or reverse power. That is, the watt hour meter 300 measures the electric power to be bought and sold to the electric power system 100.
  • the power generation device 600 is the same as the above-mentioned power generation device 60, and is a renewable energy power generation device such as a solar cell.
  • the power generation device 600 outputs the generated DC power to the power conditioner 700.
  • the power conditioner 700 is arranged between the power generation device 600 and the distribution board 400.
  • the conversion unit 702 has the functions of a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC inverter, converts the DC power output from the power generation device 600 into DC power having a desired voltage value, and converts the converted DC power into AC power. Convert.
  • the conversion unit 702 outputs the converted AC power to the distribution board 400.
  • the distribution board 400 supplies the AC power from the conversion unit 702 to the load device 500 because it is premised on self-consumption rather than selling power.
  • the watt hour meter 300 is connected to the power conditioner 700 via a communication line and executes communication with the power conditioner 700. Further, the watt hour meter 300 may be connected to the power conditioner 700 via a wireless line and perform wireless communication with the power conditioner 700. The watt hour meter 300 transmits the measurement result to the power conditioner 700. Here, the measurement result may be transmitted periodically or when the change becomes larger than a predetermined range.
  • the input unit 704 of the power conditioner 700 is connected to the watt hour meter 300 via a communication line or a wireless line, and receives the measurement result.
  • the communication function in the input unit 704 may be composed of an optional member, and the communication device of the optional member may be connected to the power conditioner 700.
  • the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the power is not sold to the power system 100 based on the measurement result received by the input unit 704. Controlling the conversion corresponds to controlling the magnitude of the AC power output from the conversion unit 702. 3 (a)-(b) show the data structure of the table held in the control unit 706. In the table shown in FIG. 3A, the control "reduce the output" when the power value included in the measurement result is "sell power” and the case where the power value included in the measurement result is "buy power”. Control "Normal control" is shown.
  • the control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase of power". As a normal control, the control unit 706 executes MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control on the conversion unit 702 so that the output power of the power generation device 600 is maximized. As for MPPT, a known technique may be used, and control other than MPPT control may be executed as normal control. On the other hand, the control unit 706 determines to reduce the output when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "selling power". At that time, the control unit 706 controls the conversion unit 702 so that the output AC power is multiplied by 1 / X.
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
  • X may be a predetermined fixed value, or may be a value that increases as the power value increases.
  • the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of power when the measurement result indicates the sale of power.
  • FIG. 3 (b) is a table different from that of FIG. 3 (a).
  • the control “normal control” when the power value included in the measurement result is "purchase of power” is also shown.
  • the storage battery 800 is connected to the power conditioner 700.
  • the storage battery 800 can charge and discharge electric power, and includes a lithium ion storage battery, a nickel hydrogen storage battery, a lead storage battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, and the like.
  • the storage battery 800 may be built in the power conditioner 700.
  • the control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control and operates the conversion unit 702 as before. On the other hand, the control unit 706 confirms the free capacity of the storage battery 800 when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "power sale", and determines that charging is possible when there is free capacity. When the battery is fully charged, it is determined that the battery cannot be charged. When it is rechargeable, the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 with DC power. If charging is not possible, the control unit 706 decides to reduce the output. At that time, the control unit 706 reduces the conversion in the conversion unit 702. When the storage battery 800 is charged, the storage battery 800 may change from a state with free capacity to a fully charged state with charging. In such a situation, when the storage battery 800 is fully charged, the control unit 706 stops charging and reduces the output.
  • the subject of the device, system, or method in the present disclosure comprises a computer. By executing the program by this computer, the function of the subject of the device, system, or method in the present disclosure is realized.
  • a computer has a processor that operates according to a program as a main hardware configuration. The type of processor does not matter as long as the function can be realized by executing the program.
  • the processor is composed of one or more electronic circuits including a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) or an LSI (Large Scale Integration).
  • the plurality of electronic circuits may be integrated on one chip or may be provided on a plurality of chips.
  • a plurality of chips may be integrated in one device, or may be provided in a plurality of devices.
  • the program is recorded on a non-temporary recording medium such as a computer-readable ROM, optical disc, or hard disk drive.
  • the program may be stored in a recording medium in advance, or may be supplied to the recording medium via a wide area communication network including the Internet or the like.
  • FIG. 4A the input unit 704 receives the power value (S10).
  • the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S14).
  • the control unit 706 executes normal control (S16).
  • the input unit 704 receives the power value (S30).
  • the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 (S36). If the storage battery 800 is not rechargeable (N in S34), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S38). When the power value does not indicate power sale (N in S32), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S40).
  • the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled by the power conditioner 700 so as not to sell the power, so that the measurement function in the cubicle 200 becomes unnecessary. can. Further, since the measurement function in the cubicle 200 becomes unnecessary, it is possible to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1000. Further, since the electric power value from the electric energy meter 300 is used, the power generation system 1000 can be constructed at low cost.
  • the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of electricity when the measurement result indicates the sale of electricity, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed. Further, since the storage battery 800 is charged when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed.
  • the outline of one aspect of the present disclosure is as follows.
  • the power conditioner (700) of a certain aspect of the present disclosure is a power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and is generated by the power generation device (600).
  • a conversion unit (702) that converts DC power into AC power
  • an input unit (704) that receives measurement results from a watt-hour meter (300) that measures the power that is bought and sold to the power system (100).
  • the control unit (706) that controls the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell the power is provided.
  • the control unit (706) may control the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so that when the measurement result indicates power sale, it indicates power purchase.
  • the control unit (706) may charge the storage battery when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold.
  • Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a power generation system.
  • This power generation system is sold to and from the power generation device (600), the power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and the power system (100). It is equipped with a watt hour meter (300) for measuring electric power.
  • the power conditioner (700) includes a conversion unit (702) that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device (600) into AC power, an input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the watt hour meter (300), and the power conditioner (700). Based on the measurement result received by the input unit (704), the control unit (706) that controls the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell the power is provided.
  • a storage battery connected to the power conditioner (700) may be further provided.
  • Example 2 relates to a power generation system such as a solar cell system as in the first embodiment.
  • the power conditioner in order to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system, the power conditioner is provided with a function for determining the conversion control of the conversion unit, so that the measurement result of the watt hour meter is obtained by the power conditioner. Is input to.
  • the power conditioner similarly to the first embodiment, the power conditioner is provided with a function for determining the conversion control of the conversion unit.
  • a value different from the power value is used unlike the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1000.
  • the power generation system 1000 includes a power system 100, a cubicle 200, a power meter 300, a distribution board 400, a load device 500, a power generation device 600, a power conditioner 700, a storage battery 800, and a current sensor 900.
  • the cubicle 200 includes an RPR204
  • the power conditioner 700 includes a conversion unit 702, an input unit 704, and a control unit 706.
  • the current sensor 900 is arranged between the cubicle 200 and the distribution board 400, and can measure the forward current flowing in from the power system 100 or the reverse power current flowing out to the power system 100.
  • the former corresponds to the power purchase current or the forward power flow current
  • the latter corresponds to the power sale current or the reverse power flow current. That is, the current sensor 900 measures the current that is bought and sold for the power system 100.
  • the current sensor 900 is connected to the power conditioner 700 via a communication line and executes communication with the power conditioner 700. Further, the current sensor 900 may be connected to the power conditioner 700 via a wireless line and perform wireless communication with the power conditioner 700. The current sensor 900 transmits the measurement result to the power conditioner 700. Here, the measurement result may be transmitted periodically or when the change becomes larger than a predetermined range.
  • the input unit 704 of the power conditioner 700 is connected to the current sensor 900 via a communication line or a wireless line, and receives the measurement result.
  • the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the power is not sold to the power system 100 based on the measurement result received by the input unit 704.
  • 6 (a)-(b) show the data structure of the table held in the control unit 706. In the table shown in FIG. 6A, the control "reduce output" when the current value included in the measurement result is "sell power” and the case where the current value included in the measurement result is "purchase power". Control "Normal control" is shown.
  • the control unit 706 determines the execution of normal control when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase power". As normal control, the control unit 706 executes MPPT control on the conversion unit 702. On the other hand, the control unit 706 determines to reduce the output when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "selling power”. At that time, the control unit 706 controls the conversion unit 702 so that the output AC power is multiplied by 1 / X. “X” may be a predetermined fixed value, or may be a value that increases as the current value increases. In this way, the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of power when the measurement result indicates the sale of power.
  • FIG. 6 (b) is a table different from that of FIG. 6 (a).
  • the control when the current value included in the measurement result is "power sale”, the control “charging” when the storage battery 800 can be charged and the storage battery 800 are charged. Control when is not possible “Reduce output” is shown.
  • the control when the current value included in the measurement result is "power purchase” is also shown.
  • the storage battery 800 is connected to the power conditioner 700.
  • the control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control and operates the conversion unit 702 as before. On the other hand, the control unit 706 confirms the free capacity of the storage battery 800 when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "power sale", and determines that charging is possible when there is free capacity. When the battery is fully charged, it is determined that the battery cannot be charged. When it is rechargeable, the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 with DC power. If charging is not possible, the control unit 706 decides to reduce the output. At that time, the control unit 706 reduces the conversion in the conversion unit 702. When the storage battery 800 is charged, the storage battery 800 may change from a state with free capacity to a fully charged state with charging. In such a situation, when the storage battery 800 is fully charged, the control unit 706 stops charging and reduces the output.
  • FIG. 7 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system 1000.
  • the input unit 704 receives the current value (S110).
  • the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S114).
  • the control unit 706 executes normal control (S116).
  • the input unit 704 receives the current value (S130).
  • the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 (S136). If the storage battery 800 is not rechargeable (N in S134), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S138). When the current value does not indicate selling power (N in S132), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S140).
  • the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled by the power conditioner 700 so as not to sell the power, so that the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1000 is expanded. Can be suppressed. Further, since the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of electricity when the measurement result indicates the sale of electricity, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed. Further, since the storage battery 800 is charged when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed.
  • This power conditioner (700) is a power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and exchanges the DC power generated by the power generation device (600).
  • the input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the current sensor (900) that measures the current that is bought and sold to the power system (100), and the input unit (704). Based on the received measurement result, it is provided with a control unit (706) that controls conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell power.
  • Yet another aspect of the disclosure is also a power generation system.
  • This power generation system is sold to and from the power generation device (600), the power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and the power system (100). It is equipped with a current sensor (900) that measures current.
  • the power conditioner (700) has a conversion unit (702) that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device (600) into AC power, an input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the current sensor (900), and an input.
  • a control unit (706) that controls conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell power is provided based on the measurement result received by the unit (704).
  • the power generation system 1000 in Examples 1 and 2 includes one power conditioner 700.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the power generation system 1000 may include a plurality of power conditioners 700.
  • one of the plurality of power conditioners 700 operates as a master, and the remaining power conditioners 700 operate as slaves.
  • a watt hour meter 300 is connected to the master power conditioner 700, and the watt hour meter 300 outputs a power value or a current value to the master power conditioner 700.
  • the master power conditioner 700 instructs the slave power conditioner 700 to operate. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.
  • the control unit 706 in Examples 1 and 2 has a function of controlling the magnitude of the AC power output from the conversion unit 702.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the power conditioner 700 may be provided with a display unit having a touch panel function, and the function of the conversion unit 702 may be enabled / disabled by the display unit. Further, an external device can be connected to the power conditioner 700, and the enable / disable of the function in the conversion unit 702 may be set by the external device. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.
  • the power conditioner 700 in Examples 1 and 2 may be connected to a server of a retail electric power company on the Internet.
  • the power conditioner 700 may control the output AC power in response to the remote output control command according to the magnitude of the measurement result. According to this modification, AC power can be output at 100% if the power is not sold.
  • the power generation system 1000 in Examples 1 and 2 may include a display device connected to the power conditioner 700.
  • the display device displays information on the trading power calculated based on the measurement results and the generated power. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.

Abstract

A power conditioner 700 including a conversion unit 702, an input unit 704, and a control unit 706. The power conditioner 700 is positioned between a power generation device 600 and a power system 100. The conversion unit 702 converts DC power generated by the power generation device 600 into AC power. The input unit 704 receives a measurement result from a power meter 300 that measures electric power bought from and sold to the power system 100. The control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that power selling does not occur, on the basis of the measurement result received by the input unit 704.

Description

パワーコンディショナ、発電システムPower conditioner, power generation system
　本開示は、電力を制御するパワーコンディショナ、発電システムに関する。 This disclosure relates to a power conditioner and a power generation system that control electric power.
　太陽光発電システムにおいて、余剰電力が商用電力線に逆潮流させ電力会社に売電される。一方、逆潮流による電力系統の電圧変動を抑制するために、太陽光発電システムから電力会社への逆潮流が回避される。例えば、太陽電池の発電電力を制御するパワーコンデショナには、当該パワーコンデショナの出力を制御する発電制御装置が接続され、発電制御装置は、消費電力の計測値と発電電力の計測値とをもとに、出力指令値を算出してパワーコンディショナに出力する（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In the photovoltaic power generation system, surplus power flows back to the commercial power line and is sold to the power company. On the other hand, in order to suppress the voltage fluctuation of the electric power system due to the reverse power flow, the reverse power flow from the photovoltaic power generation system to the electric power company is avoided. For example, a power generation control device that controls the output of the power conditioner is connected to a power conditioner that controls the generated power of the solar cell, and the power generation control device transfers the measured value of the power consumption and the measured value of the generated power. Based on this, the output command value is calculated and output to the power conditioner (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
特許第６３６４５６７号公報Japanese Patent No. 6364567
　工場、大型商業施設、病院、オフィスビル、ホテル、店舗などの受電容量が５０ｋＶＡ以上４０００ｋＶＡ以下の小中規模施設には、キュービクル式高圧受電設備（以下、「キュービクル」という）が設置されることがある。キュービクルは、高圧で受電するための機器一式を金属製の外箱に収めた変電設備であり、６６００Ｖで受電した高圧電力を１００Ｖまたは２００Ｖに変圧して施設に供給する。また、施設には、施設において施設において使用された電力を計測する電力量計も設置され、電力量計は、小売電気事業者によって電力売買取引のために使用される。さらに、太陽光発電システムは、目的が売電から自家消費に移行しつつある。自家消費の場合、売買電の電力を計測し、逆潮流が発生しないように発電電力を調整するための計測制御装置が必要となる。前述の太陽光発電システムにこれらの設備が接続されると、設備の規模が大きくなる。 Cubicle-type high-pressure power receiving equipment (hereinafter referred to as "cubicle") may be installed in small and medium-sized facilities with a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less, such as factories, large commercial facilities, hospitals, office buildings, hotels, and stores. be. A cubicle is a substation facility in which a set of equipment for receiving high-voltage power is housed in a metal outer box, and the high-voltage power received at 6600V is transformed into 100V or 200V and supplied to the facility. The facility is also equipped with a watt-hour meter that measures the power used in the facility, and the watt-hour meter is used by retail electric utilities for power sales transactions. Furthermore, the purpose of photovoltaic power generation systems is shifting from selling electricity to self-consumption. In the case of self-consumption, a measurement control device is required to measure the power of the trading power and adjust the generated power so that reverse power flow does not occur. When these facilities are connected to the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation system, the scale of the facilities increases.
　本開示はこうした状況に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、発電システムにおける設備の規模の拡大を抑制する技術を提供することにある。 This disclosure was made in view of these circumstances, and the purpose is to provide a technology for suppressing the expansion of the scale of equipment in the power generation system.
　上記課題を解決するために、本開示のある態様のパワーコンディショナは、発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナであって、発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、電力系統に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計から計測結果を受けつける入力部と、入力部において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、を備える。 In order to solve the above problems, the power conditioner of a certain aspect of the present disclosure is a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and the DC power generated in the power generation device is converted into AC power. Based on the conversion unit to be converted, the input unit that receives the measurement result from the watt hour meter that measures the power that is bought and sold to the power system, and the measurement result that is received at the input unit, it is converted so that it will not be sold. It includes a control unit that controls conversion in the unit.
　本開示の別の態様もまた、パワーコンディショナである。このパワーコンディショナは、発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナであって、発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、電力系統に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサから計測結果を受けつける入力部と、入力部において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、を備える。 Another aspect of the disclosure is also a power conditioner. This power conditioner is a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and is a conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, and a power distribution unit for the power system. It includes an input unit that receives the measurement result from the current sensor that measures the current to be generated, and a control unit that controls the conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell the power based on the measurement result received in the input unit.
　本開示のさらに別の態様は、発電システムである。この発電システムは、発電装置と、発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナと、電力系統に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計とを備える。パワーコンディショナは、発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、電力量計から計測結果を受けつける入力部と、入力部において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、を備える。 Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a power generation system. This power generation system includes a power generation device, a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and a watt-hour meter for measuring the power sold and sold to the power system. The power conditioner sells power based on the conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, the input unit that receives the measurement result from the watt-hour meter, and the measurement result received at the input unit. It is provided with a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to become.
　本開示のさらに別の態様もまた、発電システムである。この発電システムは、発電装置と、発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナと、電力系統に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサとを備える。パワーコンディショナは、発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、電流センサから計測結果を受けつける入力部と、入力部において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、を備える。 Yet another aspect of the disclosure is also a power generation system. This power generation system includes a power generation device, a power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system, and a current sensor that measures the current to be bought and sold to the power system. The power conditioner does not sell power based on the conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power, the input unit that receives the measurement result from the current sensor, and the measurement result received by the input unit. A control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit is provided.
　なお、以上の構成要素の任意の組合せ、本開示の表現を方法、装置、システム、コンピュータプログラム、またはコンピュータプログラムを記録した記録媒体などの間で変換したものもまた、本開示の態様として有効である。 It should be noted that any combination of the above components and the conversion of the expression of the present disclosure between a method, a device, a system, a computer program, a recording medium on which a computer program is recorded, or the like is also effective as an aspect of the present disclosure. be.
　本開示によれば、発電システムにおける設備の規模の拡大を抑制できる。 According to this disclosure, it is possible to suppress the expansion of the scale of equipment in the power generation system.
実施例１の比較対象となる発電システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the power generation system to be compared with Example 1. FIG. 実施例１に係る発電システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the power generation system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. 図３（ａ）－（ｂ）は、図２の制御部に保持されるテーブルのデータ構造を示す図である。3 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing the data structure of the table held in the control unit of FIG. 図４（ａ）－（ｂ）は、図２の発電システムによる処理手順を示すフローチャートである。4 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system of FIG. 実施例２に係る発電システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the power generation system which concerns on Example 2. FIG. 図６（ａ）－（ｂ）は、図５の制御部に保持されるテーブルのデータ構造を示す図である。6 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing the data structure of the table held in the control unit of FIG. 図７（ａ）－（ｂ）は、図５の発電システムによる処理手順を示すフローチャートである。7 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system of FIG.
（実施例１）
　本開示の実施例を具体的に説明する前に、本実施例の概要を説明する。実施例１は、太陽電池システム等の発電システムに関する。小中規模施設には、電力系統から高圧電力が供給され、キュービクルにより高圧電力を変圧する。変圧された電力は、小中規模施設内の分電盤を介して負荷機器に供給される。一方、小中規模施設に発電システムが導入される場合、太陽電池等の発電装置はパワーコンディショナに接続され、パワーコンディショナは分電盤に接続される。パワーコンディショナは、例えば、発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換して分電盤に出力する。このような発電システムでは、発電装置において発電された電力がパワーコンディショナ、分電盤、キュービクルを介して電力系統に逆潮流されることによって、売電がなされる。 (Example 1)
An outline of the present embodiment will be described before the embodiment of the present disclosure is specifically described. The first embodiment relates to a power generation system such as a solar cell system. High-voltage power is supplied from the power system to small and medium-sized facilities, and high-voltage power is transformed by cubicles. The transformed power is supplied to the load equipment via the distribution board in the small and medium-sized facilities. On the other hand, when a power generation system is introduced in a small to medium-sized facility, a power generation device such as a solar cell is connected to a power conditioner, and the power conditioner is connected to a distribution board. The power conditioner, for example, converts the DC power generated in the power generation device into AC power and outputs it to the distribution board. In such a power generation system, power is sold by reverse power flow to the power system via a power conditioner, a distribution board, and a cubicle.
　しかしながら、電力の買取価格の下落が進むことによって、発電システムの目的が、売電から自家消費に移行しつつある。発電システムの自家消費を実現する場合、電力系統への逆潮流の発生を防止するために、キュービクル内に逆潮流継電器（ＲＰＲ）が設けられる。ＲＰＲが動作するとパワーコンディショナを停止させる必要があるので、それを防ぐために、キュービクル内に計測制御装置が設けられる。計測制御装置は、売買電の電力を計測して、逆潮流が発生しないように発電電力を調節するための指令を生成し、指令をパワーコンディショナに出力する。 However, as the purchase price of electricity continues to decline, the purpose of the power generation system is shifting from selling electricity to self-consumption. When the self-consumption of the power generation system is realized, a reverse power flow relay (RPR) is provided in the cubicle in order to prevent the occurrence of reverse power flow to the power system. When the RPR operates, it is necessary to stop the power conditioner, and in order to prevent this, a measurement control device is provided in the cubicle. The measurement control device measures the power of the trading power, generates a command for adjusting the generated power so that reverse power flow does not occur, and outputs the command to the power conditioner.
　また、キュービクルには、小中規模施設において使用された電力を計測するための電力量計も設置される。電力量計は、小売電気事業者による確認のために使用され、計測制御装置は、パワーコンディショナの制御のために使用されており、それらの使用用途は異なる。しかしながら、いずれも電力を計測する機能を備えているので、同一の機能を有する複数の装置が発電システム内に含まれるといえる。発電システムにおける設備の規模の拡大を抑制するためには、同一の機能を有する複数の装置が発電システム内に含まれないような構成が望ましい。 The cubicle will also be equipped with a watt-hour meter to measure the power used in small and medium-sized facilities. Electric energy meters are used for confirmation by retail electric utilities, and measurement and control devices are used for controlling power conditioners, and their uses are different. However, since all of them have a function of measuring electric power, it can be said that a plurality of devices having the same function are included in the power generation system. In order to suppress the expansion of the scale of equipment in the power generation system, it is desirable to have a configuration in which a plurality of devices having the same function are not included in the power generation system.
　本実施例における発電システムでは、キュービクル内に計測制御装置が設けられず、計測制御装置のうち、逆潮流が発生しないようにパワーコンディショナの動作を制御するための機能がパワーコンディショナ内に設けられる。また、パワーコンディショナには、電力量計の計測結果を電力量計から受けつけるための機能も設けられ、パワーコンディショナは、電力量計の計測結果をもとに、逆潮流が発生しないように動作する。 In the power generation system of this embodiment, the measurement control device is not provided in the cubicle, and the function for controlling the operation of the power conditioner is provided in the power conditioner among the measurement control devices so that reverse power flow does not occur. Be done. In addition, the power conditioner is also equipped with a function to receive the measurement result of the watt-hour meter from the watt-hour meter, and the power conditioner prevents reverse power flow from occurring based on the measurement result of the watt-hour meter. Operate.
　図１は、比較対象となる発電システム１の構成を示す。発電システム１は、電力系統１０、キュービクル２０、電力量計３０、分電盤４０、負荷機器５０、発電装置６０、パワーコンディショナ７０を含む。キュービクル２０は、計測制御部２２、ＲＰＲ２４を含み、パワーコンディショナ７０は、入力部７４、変換部７２を含む。発電システム１は、前述のごとく、受電容量が５０ｋＶＡ以上４０００ｋＶＡ以下の小中規模施設に設けられる。小中規模施設の一例は、工場、大型商業施設、病院、オフィスビル、ホテル、店舗などである。 FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1 to be compared. The power generation system 1 includes a power system 10, a cubicle 20, a power meter 30, a distribution board 40, a load device 50, a power generation device 60, and a power conditioner 70. The cubicle 20 includes a measurement control unit 22 and an RPR24, and the power conditioner 70 includes an input unit 74 and a conversion unit 72. As described above, the power generation system 1 is provided in a small to medium-sized facility having a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less. Examples of small and medium-sized facilities are factories, large commercial facilities, hospitals, office buildings, hotels, stores, and the like.
　電力系統１０は電力会社等によって提供される。ここでは、６６００Ｖの高圧電力が提供される場合を想定する。キュービクル２０は、前述のごとく、変電機能を有し、６６００Ｖでの高圧電力と、１００Ｖまたは２００Ｖの電力との間の変圧を実行する。分電盤４０は、キュービクル２０に接続され、キュービクル２０を介して電力系統１０に接続される。また、分電盤４０は、負荷機器５０を接続し、負荷機器５０に電力を供給する。負荷機器５０は分電盤４０から供給される電力を消費する機器である。負荷機器５０は、空調機器（エアコン）、テレビジョン受信装置（テレビ）、照明装置、冷蔵庫等の機器を含む。ここでは、分電盤４０に１つの負荷機器５０が接続されているが、分電盤４０に複数の負荷機器５０が接続されてもよい。 The electric power system 10 is provided by an electric power company or the like. Here, it is assumed that a high voltage power of 6600 V is provided. As described above, the cubicle 20 has a substation function and executes a transformation between high voltage power at 6600V and power of 100V or 200V. The distribution board 40 is connected to the cubicle 20 and is connected to the power system 10 via the cubicle 20. Further, the distribution board 40 connects the load device 50 and supplies electric power to the load device 50. The load device 50 is a device that consumes the electric power supplied from the distribution board 40. The load device 50 includes devices such as an air conditioner (air conditioner), a television receiver (television), a lighting device, and a refrigerator. Here, one load device 50 is connected to the distribution board 40, but a plurality of load devices 50 may be connected to the distribution board 40.
　電力量計３０は、キュービクル２０に接続されたデジタル式の電力量計であり、例えばスマートメータである。電力量計３０は、電力系統１０から入ってくる順潮流の電力、あるいは電力系統１０へ出て行く逆潮流の電力を計測可能である。前者が買電電力あるいは順潮流電力に相当し、後者が売電電力あるいは逆潮流電力に相当する。電力量計３０は、小売電気事業者によって確認されるために小中規模施設に設置される。 The watt-hour meter 30 is a digital watt-hour meter connected to the cubicle 20, for example, a smart meter. The watt hour meter 30 can measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10. The former corresponds to purchased power or forward power, and the latter corresponds to sold power or reverse power. The electricity meter 30 is installed in a small to medium-sized facility for confirmation by a retail electric utility.
　発電装置６０は、例えば太陽電池であり、再生可能エネルギー発電装置である。発電装置６０は、光起電力効果を利用し、光エネルギーを直接電力に変換する。太陽電池として、シリコン太陽電池、化合物半導体などを素材にした太陽電池、色素増感型（有機太陽電池）等が使用される。再生可能エネルギーである太陽光の強さは天候および時刻とともに変動するので、発電装置６０において発電される電力も変動する。発電装置６０は、発電した直流電力をパワーコンディショナ７０に出力する。 The power generation device 60 is, for example, a solar cell and is a renewable energy power generation device. The power generation device 60 utilizes the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electric power. As the solar cell, a silicon solar cell, a solar cell made of a compound semiconductor or the like, a dye-sensitized type (organic solar cell), or the like is used. Since the intensity of sunlight, which is a renewable energy, fluctuates with the weather and time, the electric power generated by the power generation device 60 also fluctuates. The power generation device 60 outputs the generated DC power to the power conditioner 70.
　パワーコンディショナ７０の変換部７２は、ＤＣ－ＤＣコンバータおよびＤＣ－ＡＣインバータの機能を有し、発電装置６０から出力される直流電力を、所望の電圧値の直流電力に変換し、変換した直流電力を交流電力に変換する。変換部７２は、変換した交流電力を分電盤４０に出力する。発電装置６０において発電した電力を売電する場合、分電盤４０は、変換部７２からの交流電力をキュービクル２０を介して電力系統１０に出力する。しかしながら、本実施例は、売電ではなく自家消費を前提とするので、分電盤４０は、変換部７２からの交流電力を負荷機器５０に供給する。 The conversion unit 72 of the power conditioner 70 has the functions of a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC inverter, converts the DC power output from the power generation device 60 into DC power having a desired voltage value, and converts the DC power. Converts power to AC power. The conversion unit 72 outputs the converted AC power to the distribution board 40. When selling the electric power generated by the power generation device 60, the distribution board 40 outputs the AC electric power from the conversion unit 72 to the electric power system 10 via the cubicle 20. However, since this embodiment assumes self-consumption rather than selling power, the distribution board 40 supplies AC power from the conversion unit 72 to the load device 50.
　自家消費を前提とする場合、電力の逆潮流を防止するために、キュービクル２０にＲＰＲ２４が設けられる。ＲＰＲ２４は、分電盤４０から電力系統１０に向かう方向、つまり逆潮流の交流電力を検出した際に動作する継電器である。ＲＰＲ２４は、例えば、逆潮流の電流が流れた場合に、接点信号をパワーコンディショナ７０に送信し、パワーコンディショナ７０は発電を停止する。このように、ＲＰＲ２４は、電力系統１０への逆潮流が発生した場合に動作することによって、逆潮流発生の場合に発電装置６０、パワーコンディショナ７０からの送電を停止し、電力系統１０への逆潮流を防止する。 If self-consumption is assumed, RPR24 is provided in the cubicle 20 in order to prevent reverse power flow. The RPR24 is a relay that operates in the direction from the distribution board 40 toward the power system 10, that is, when AC power of reverse power flow is detected. The RPR24 transmits a contact signal to the power conditioner 70, for example, when a reverse power current flows, and the power conditioner 70 stops power generation. In this way, the RPR 24 operates when a reverse power flow to the power system 10 occurs, so that when a reverse power flow occurs, the power transmission from the power generation device 60 and the power conditioner 70 is stopped, and the power transmission to the power system 10 is stopped. Prevent reverse power flow.
　計測制御部２２は、電力系統１０から入ってくる順潮流の電力、あるいは電力系統１０へ出て行く逆潮流の電力を計測可能であり、計測結果をもとに変換部７２での変換を制御するための指令（以下、「出力指令値」という）を生成する。例えば、計測制御部２２は、順潮流の電力が第１所定値よりも小さい場合、逆潮流の発生を防止するために、変換部７２から出力される交流電力を小さくするような出力指令値を生成する。また、計測制御部２２は、順潮流の電力が第２所定値よりも大きい場合、変換部７２から出力される交流電力を大きくするような出力指令値を生成する。第２所定値は第１所定値よりも大きな値に設定される。このような計測制御部２２における制御には公知の技術が使用されればよい。計測制御部２２は、パワーコンディショナ７０と通信線により接続されており、通信線を介してパワーコンディショナ７０に出力指令値を送信する。 The measurement control unit 22 can measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10, and controls the conversion in the conversion unit 72 based on the measurement result. Generates a command to do so (hereinafter referred to as "output command value"). For example, when the power of the forward power flow is smaller than the first predetermined value, the measurement control unit 22 sets an output command value that reduces the AC power output from the conversion unit 72 in order to prevent the occurrence of reverse power flow. Generate. Further, when the power of the forward tide is larger than the second predetermined value, the measurement control unit 22 generates an output command value that increases the AC power output from the conversion unit 72. The second predetermined value is set to a value larger than the first predetermined value. A known technique may be used for such control in the measurement control unit 22. The measurement control unit 22 is connected to the power conditioner 70 by a communication line, and transmits an output command value to the power conditioner 70 via the communication line.
　パワーコンディショナ７０の入力部７４は、通信線を介してキュービクル２０に接続されており、出力指令値を受信する。変換部７２は、入力部７４において受信した出力指令値の内容にしたがって、交流電力の出力を制御する。このような構成において、計測制御部２２と電力量計３０は、電力系統１０から入ってくる順潮流の電力、あるいは電力系統１０へ出て行く逆潮流の電力とを計測しており、同様の機能を有する。前述のごとく、発電システム１における設備の規模の拡大を抑制するためには、同一の機能を有する複数の装置が発電システム１内に含まれないような構成が望ましい。 The input unit 74 of the power conditioner 70 is connected to the cubicle 20 via a communication line and receives an output command value. The conversion unit 72 controls the output of AC power according to the content of the output command value received by the input unit 74. In such a configuration, the measurement control unit 22 and the watt hour meter 30 measure the power of the forward power flow coming in from the power system 10 or the power of the reverse power flow going out to the power system 10, and are similar. Has a function. As described above, in order to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1, it is desirable that the power generation system 1 does not include a plurality of devices having the same function.
　図２は、発電システム１０００の構成を示す。発電システム１０００は、電力系統１００、キュービクル２００、電力量計３００、分電盤４００、負荷機器５００、発電装置６００、パワーコンディショナ７００、蓄電池８００を含む。キュービクル２００は、ＲＰＲ２０４を含み、パワーコンディショナ７００は、変換部７０２、入力部７０４、制御部７０６を含む。発電システム１０００は、前述の発電システム１と同様に、受電容量が５０ｋＶＡ以上４０００ｋＶＡ以下の小中規模施設に設けられる。 FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1000. The power generation system 1000 includes a power system 100, a cubicle 200, an electric energy meter 300, a distribution board 400, a load device 500, a power generation device 600, a power conditioner 700, and a storage battery 800. The cubicle 200 includes an RPR204, and the power conditioner 700 includes a conversion unit 702, an input unit 704, and a control unit 706. The power generation system 1000 is provided in a small-to-medium-scale facility having a power receiving capacity of 50 kVA or more and 4000 kVA or less, similarly to the power generation system 1 described above.
　電力系統１００は、前述の電力系統１０と同様に、電力系統１０は電力会社等によって提供される６６００Ｖの高圧電力である。キュービクル２００は、前述のごとく、変電機能を有し、６６００Ｖの高圧電力と、１００Ｖまたは２００Ｖの電力との間の変圧を実行するとともに、電力の逆潮流を防止するためのＲＰＲ２０４を有する。ＲＰＲ２０４はこれまでのＲＰＲ２４と同一である。分電盤４００は、キュービクル２００に接続され、キュービクル２００を介して電力系統１００に接続される。また、分電盤４００は、負荷機器５００を接続し、負荷機器５００に電力を供給する。負荷機器５００は、前述の負荷機器５０と同一である。 The power system 100 is the same as the power system 10 described above, and the power system 10 is a high voltage power of 6600 V provided by an electric power company or the like. As described above, the cubicle 200 has a substation function, performs transformation between high voltage power of 6600V and power of 100V or 200V, and has RPR204 for preventing reverse power flow of power. RPR204 is the same as the previous RPR24. The distribution board 400 is connected to the cubicle 200 and is connected to the power system 100 via the cubicle 200. Further, the distribution board 400 connects the load device 500 and supplies electric power to the load device 500. The load device 500 is the same as the load device 50 described above.
　電力量計３００は、キュービクル２００に接続されたデジタル式の電力量計であり、例えばスマートメータである。電力量計３００は、前述の電力量計３０と同様の計測機能を有し、電力系統１００から入ってくる順潮流の電力、あるいは電力系統１００へ出て行く逆潮流の電力とを計測可能である。前者が買電電力あるいは順潮流電力に相当し、後者が売電電力あるいは逆潮流電力に相当する。つまり、電力量計３００は、電力系統１００に対して売買電される電力を計測する。 The watt-hour meter 300 is a digital watt-hour meter connected to the cubicle 200, for example, a smart meter. The watt-hour meter 300 has the same measurement function as the above-mentioned watt-hour meter 30, and can measure the forward power flowing from the power system 100 or the reverse power flowing out to the power system 100. be. The former corresponds to purchased power or forward power, and the latter corresponds to sold power or reverse power. That is, the watt hour meter 300 measures the electric power to be bought and sold to the electric power system 100.
　発電装置６００は、前述の発電装置６０と同一であり、例えば太陽電池のような再生可能エネルギー発電装置である。発電装置６００は、発電した直流電力をパワーコンディショナ７００に出力する。パワーコンディショナ７００は、発電装置６００と分電盤４００との間に配置される。変換部７０２は、ＤＣ－ＤＣコンバータおよびＤＣ－ＡＣインバータの機能を有し、発電装置６００から出力される直流電力を、所望の電圧値の直流電力に変換し、変換した直流電力を交流電力に変換する。変換部７０２は、変換した交流電力を分電盤４００に出力する。これまでと同様に、売電ではなく自家消費を前提とするので、分電盤４００は、変換部７０２からの交流電力を負荷機器５００に供給する。 The power generation device 600 is the same as the above-mentioned power generation device 60, and is a renewable energy power generation device such as a solar cell. The power generation device 600 outputs the generated DC power to the power conditioner 700. The power conditioner 700 is arranged between the power generation device 600 and the distribution board 400. The conversion unit 702 has the functions of a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC inverter, converts the DC power output from the power generation device 600 into DC power having a desired voltage value, and converts the converted DC power into AC power. Convert. The conversion unit 702 outputs the converted AC power to the distribution board 400. As in the past, the distribution board 400 supplies the AC power from the conversion unit 702 to the load device 500 because it is premised on self-consumption rather than selling power.
　電力量計３００は、通信線を介してパワーコンディショナ７００に接続され、パワーコンディショナ７００との間の通信を実行する。また、電力量計３００は、無線回線を介してパワーコンディショナ７００に接続され、パワーコンディショナ７００との間の無線通信を実行してもよい。電力量計３００は、計測結果をパワーコンディショナ７００に送信する。ここで、計測結果の送信は定期的になされてもよく、変化が予め定めた範囲よりも大きくなった場合になされてもよい。 The watt hour meter 300 is connected to the power conditioner 700 via a communication line and executes communication with the power conditioner 700. Further, the watt hour meter 300 may be connected to the power conditioner 700 via a wireless line and perform wireless communication with the power conditioner 700. The watt hour meter 300 transmits the measurement result to the power conditioner 700. Here, the measurement result may be transmitted periodically or when the change becomes larger than a predetermined range.
　パワーコンディショナ７００の入力部７０４は、通信線あるいは無線回線を介して電力量計３００に接続されており、計測結果を受信する。入力部７０４における通信機能はオプション部材で構成されてもよく、オプション部材の通信装置がパワーコンディショナ７００に接続されてもよい。 The input unit 704 of the power conditioner 700 is connected to the watt hour meter 300 via a communication line or a wireless line, and receives the measurement result. The communication function in the input unit 704 may be composed of an optional member, and the communication device of the optional member may be connected to the power conditioner 700.
　制御部７０６は、入力部７０４において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、電力系統１００に対して売電とならないように変換部７０２における変換を制御する。変換を制御することは、変換部７０２から出力する交流電力の大きさを制御することに相当する。図３（ａ）－（ｂ）は、制御部７０６に保持されるテーブルのデータ構造を示す。図３（ａ）に示されるテーブルでは、計測結果に含まれる電力値が「売電」である場合の制御「出力を低減」と、計測結果に含まれる電力値が「買電」である場合の制御「通常制御」とが示される。 The control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the power is not sold to the power system 100 based on the measurement result received by the input unit 704. Controlling the conversion corresponds to controlling the magnitude of the AC power output from the conversion unit 702. 3 (a)-(b) show the data structure of the table held in the control unit 706. In the table shown in FIG. 3A, the control "reduce the output" when the power value included in the measurement result is "sell power" and the case where the power value included in the measurement result is "buy power". Control "Normal control" is shown.
　制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電力値が「買電」である場合、通常制御の実行を決定する。通常制御として、制御部７０６は、発電装置６００の出力電力が最大になるようＭＰＰＴ(Ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ　Ｐｏｗｅｒ　Ｐｏｉｎｔ　Ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ)制御を変換部７０２に対して実行する。ＭＰＰＴについては公知の技術が使用されればよく、通常制御としてＭＰＰＴ制御以外の制御が実行されてもよい。一方、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電力値が「売電」である場合、出力を低減させることを決定する。その際、制御部７０６は、出力される交流電力を１／Ｘ倍となるように変換部７０２を制御する。「Ｘ」は、予め定められた固定値であってもよく、電力値が大きくなるほど大きくなるような値であってもよい。このように制御部７０６は、計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように変換部７０２における変換を制御する。 The control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase of power". As a normal control, the control unit 706 executes MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control on the conversion unit 702 so that the output power of the power generation device 600 is maximized. As for MPPT, a known technique may be used, and control other than MPPT control may be executed as normal control. On the other hand, the control unit 706 determines to reduce the output when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "selling power". At that time, the control unit 706 controls the conversion unit 702 so that the output AC power is multiplied by 1 / X. “X” may be a predetermined fixed value, or may be a value that increases as the power value increases. In this way, the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of power when the measurement result indicates the sale of power.
　図３（ｂ）は、図３（ａ）とは別のテーブルである。図３（ｂ）に示されるテーブルでは、計測結果に含まれる電力値が「売電」である場合に、蓄電池８００への充電が可能であるときの制御「充電」と、蓄電池８００への充電が不可能であるときの制御「出力を低減」とが示される。また、計測結果に含まれる電力値が「買電」である場合の制御「通常制御」も示される。ここでは、図２に示されるように、蓄電池８００がパワーコンディショナ７００に接続される。蓄電池８００は、電力を充放電可能であり、リチウムイオン蓄電池、ニッケル水素蓄電池、鉛蓄電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ等を含む。蓄電池８００はパワーコンディショナ７００に内蔵されてもよい。 FIG. 3 (b) is a table different from that of FIG. 3 (a). In the table shown in FIG. 3B, when the power value included in the measurement result is "power sale", the control "charging" when the storage battery 800 can be charged and the storage battery 800 are charged. Control when is not possible "Reduce output" is shown. In addition, the control "normal control" when the power value included in the measurement result is "purchase of power" is also shown. Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the storage battery 800 is connected to the power conditioner 700. The storage battery 800 can charge and discharge electric power, and includes a lithium ion storage battery, a nickel hydrogen storage battery, a lead storage battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, and the like. The storage battery 800 may be built in the power conditioner 700.
　制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電力値が「買電」である場合、これまでと同様に通常制御の実行を決定し、変換部７０２を運転させる。一方、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電力値が「売電」である場合、蓄電池８００の空き容量を確認し、空き容量がある場合に充電可能と判定し、満充電の場合に充電不可能と判定する。充電可能である場合、制御部７０６は、直流電力を蓄電池８００に充電させる。充電不可能である場合、制御部７０６は、出力を低減することを決定する。その際、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２における変換を低減させる。蓄電池８００に充電させる場合、蓄電池８００は、充電にともなって空き容量ありの状態から満充電の状態に変化しうる。このような状況において、制御部７０６は、蓄電池８００が満充電になると、充電を停止させるとともに、出力を低減する。 When the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase of power", the control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control and operates the conversion unit 702 as before. On the other hand, the control unit 706 confirms the free capacity of the storage battery 800 when the power value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "power sale", and determines that charging is possible when there is free capacity. When the battery is fully charged, it is determined that the battery cannot be charged. When it is rechargeable, the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 with DC power. If charging is not possible, the control unit 706 decides to reduce the output. At that time, the control unit 706 reduces the conversion in the conversion unit 702. When the storage battery 800 is charged, the storage battery 800 may change from a state with free capacity to a fully charged state with charging. In such a situation, when the storage battery 800 is fully charged, the control unit 706 stops charging and reduces the output.
　本開示における装置、システム、または方法の主体は、コンピュータを備えている。このコンピュータがプログラムを実行することによって、本開示における装置、システム、または方法の主体の機能が実現される。コンピュータは、プログラムにしたがって動作するプロセッサを主なハードウェア構成として備える。プロセッサは、プログラムを実行することによって機能を実現することができれば、その種類は問わない。プロセッサは、半導体集積回路（ＩＣ）、またはＬＳＩ（Ｌａｒｇｅ　Ｓｃａｌｅ　Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎ）を含む１つまたは複数の電子回路で構成される。複数の電子回路は、１つのチップに集積されてもよいし、複数のチップに設けられてもよい。複数のチップは１つの装置に集約されていてもよいし、複数の装置に備えられていてもよい。プログラムは、コンピュータが読み取り可能なＲＯＭ、光ディスク、ハードディスクドライブなどの非一時的記録媒体に記録される。プログラムは、記録媒体に予め格納されていてもよいし、インターネット等を含む広域通信網を介して記録媒体に供給されてもよい。 The subject of the device, system, or method in the present disclosure comprises a computer. By executing the program by this computer, the function of the subject of the device, system, or method in the present disclosure is realized. A computer has a processor that operates according to a program as a main hardware configuration. The type of processor does not matter as long as the function can be realized by executing the program. The processor is composed of one or more electronic circuits including a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) or an LSI (Large Scale Integration). The plurality of electronic circuits may be integrated on one chip or may be provided on a plurality of chips. A plurality of chips may be integrated in one device, or may be provided in a plurality of devices. The program is recorded on a non-temporary recording medium such as a computer-readable ROM, optical disc, or hard disk drive. The program may be stored in a recording medium in advance, or may be supplied to the recording medium via a wide area communication network including the Internet or the like.
　以上の構成による発電システム１０００の動作を説明する。図４（ａ）－（ｂ）は、発電システム１０００による処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図４（ａ）において、入力部７０４は、電力値を受けつける（Ｓ１０）。電力値が売電を示す場合（Ｓ１２のＹ）、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２からの出力を低減させる（Ｓ１４）。電力値が売電を示さない場合（Ｓ１２のＮ）、制御部７０６は、通常制御を実行する（Ｓ１６）。 The operation of the power generation system 1000 with the above configuration will be described. 4 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system 1000. In FIG. 4A, the input unit 704 receives the power value (S10). When the power value indicates power sale (Y in S12), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S14). When the power value does not indicate power sale (N in S12), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S16).
　図４（ｂ）において、入力部７０４は、電力値を受けつける（Ｓ３０）。電力値が売電を示す場合（Ｓ３２のＹ）、蓄電池８００が充電可であれば（Ｓ３４のＹ）、制御部７０６は、蓄電池８００を充電させる（Ｓ３６）。蓄電池８００が充電可でなければ（Ｓ３４のＮ）、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２からの出力を低減させる（Ｓ３８）。電力値が売電を示さない場合（Ｓ３２のＮ）、制御部７０６は、通常制御を実行する（Ｓ４０）。 In FIG. 4B, the input unit 704 receives the power value (S30). When the power value indicates selling power (Y in S32) and the storage battery 800 is rechargeable (Y in S34), the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 (S36). If the storage battery 800 is not rechargeable (N in S34), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S38). When the power value does not indicate power sale (N in S32), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S40).
　本実施例によれば、電力量計３００から受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部７０２における変換をパワーコンディショナ７００において制御するので、キュービクル２００における計測機能を不要にできる。また、キュービクル２００における計測機能が不要になるので、発電システム１０００における設備の規模の拡大を抑制できる。また、電力量計３００からの電力値を使用するので、発電システム１０００を安価に構成できる。 According to this embodiment, based on the measurement result received from the watt hour meter 300, the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled by the power conditioner 700 so as not to sell the power, so that the measurement function in the cubicle 200 becomes unnecessary. can. Further, since the measurement function in the cubicle 200 becomes unnecessary, it is possible to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1000. Further, since the electric power value from the electric energy meter 300 is used, the power generation system 1000 can be constructed at low cost.
　また、計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように変換部７０２における変換を制御するので、逆潮流の発生を抑制できる。また、計測結果が売電を示す場合に蓄電池８００への充電を実行するので、逆潮流の発生を抑制できる。 Further, since the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of electricity when the measurement result indicates the sale of electricity, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed. Further, since the storage battery 800 is charged when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed.
　本開示の一態様の概要は、次の通りである。本開示のある態様のパワーコンディショナ（７００）は、発電装置（６００）と電力系統（１００）との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナ（７００）であって、発電装置（６００）において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部（７０２）と、電力系統（１００）に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計（３００）から計測結果を受けつける入力部（７０４）と、入力部（７０４）において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部（７０２）における変換を制御する制御部（７０６）と、を備える。 The outline of one aspect of the present disclosure is as follows. The power conditioner (700) of a certain aspect of the present disclosure is a power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and is generated by the power generation device (600). A conversion unit (702) that converts DC power into AC power, and an input unit (704) that receives measurement results from a watt-hour meter (300) that measures the power that is bought and sold to the power system (100). Based on the measurement result received by the input unit (704), the control unit (706) that controls the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell the power is provided.
　制御部（７０６）は、計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように変換部（７０２）における変換を制御してもよい。 The control unit (706) may control the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so that when the measurement result indicates power sale, it indicates power purchase.
　制御部（７０６）は、計測結果が売電を示す場合に蓄電池への充電を実行してもよい。 The control unit (706) may charge the storage battery when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold.
　本開示のさらに別の態様は、発電システムである。この発電システムは、発電装置（６００）と、発電装置（６００）と電力系統（１００）との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナ（７００）と、電力系統（１００）に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計（３００）とを備える。パワーコンディショナ（７００）は、発電装置（６００）において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部（７０２）と、電力量計（３００）から計測結果を受けつける入力部（７０４）と、入力部（７０４）において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部（７０２）における変換を制御する制御部（７０６）と、を備える。 Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a power generation system. This power generation system is sold to and from the power generation device (600), the power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and the power system (100). It is equipped with a watt hour meter (300) for measuring electric power. The power conditioner (700) includes a conversion unit (702) that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device (600) into AC power, an input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the watt hour meter (300), and the power conditioner (700). Based on the measurement result received by the input unit (704), the control unit (706) that controls the conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell the power is provided.
　パワーコンディショナ（７００）に接続される蓄電池をさらに備えてもよい。 A storage battery connected to the power conditioner (700) may be further provided.
（実施例２）
　次に、実施例２を説明する。実施例２は、実施例１と同様に、太陽電池システム等の発電システムに関する。実施例１では、発電システムにおける設備の規模の拡大を抑制するために、変換部の変換の制御を決定するための機能をパワーコンディショナに備えることによって、電力量計における計測結果をパワーコンディショナに入力させている。実施例２では、実施例１と同様に、変換部の変換の制御を決定するための機能をパワーコンディショナに備える。しかしながら、実施例２では、実施例１とは異なって電力値とは異なった値が使用される。ここでは、実施例１との差異を中心に説明する。 (Example 2)
Next, Example 2 will be described. The second embodiment relates to a power generation system such as a solar cell system as in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, in order to suppress the expansion of the scale of the equipment in the power generation system, the power conditioner is provided with a function for determining the conversion control of the conversion unit, so that the measurement result of the watt hour meter is obtained by the power conditioner. Is input to. In the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the power conditioner is provided with a function for determining the conversion control of the conversion unit. However, in the second embodiment, a value different from the power value is used unlike the first embodiment. Here, the difference from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
　図５は、発電システム１０００の構成を示す。発電システム１０００は、電力系統１００、キュービクル２００、電力量計３００、分電盤４００、負荷機器５００、発電装置６００、パワーコンディショナ７００、蓄電池８００、電流センサ９００を含む。キュービクル２００は、ＲＰＲ２０４を含み、パワーコンディショナ７００は、変換部７０２、入力部７０４、制御部７０６を含む。 FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power generation system 1000. The power generation system 1000 includes a power system 100, a cubicle 200, a power meter 300, a distribution board 400, a load device 500, a power generation device 600, a power conditioner 700, a storage battery 800, and a current sensor 900. The cubicle 200 includes an RPR204, and the power conditioner 700 includes a conversion unit 702, an input unit 704, and a control unit 706.
　電流センサ９００は、キュービクル２００と分電盤４００との間に配置され、電力系統１００から入ってくる順潮流の電流、あるいは電力系統１００へ出て行く逆潮流の電流とを計測可能である。前者が買電電流あるいは順潮流電流に相当し、後者が売電電流あるいは逆潮流電流に相当する。つまり、電流センサ９００は、電力系統１００に対して売買電される電流を計測する。 The current sensor 900 is arranged between the cubicle 200 and the distribution board 400, and can measure the forward current flowing in from the power system 100 or the reverse power current flowing out to the power system 100. The former corresponds to the power purchase current or the forward power flow current, and the latter corresponds to the power sale current or the reverse power flow current. That is, the current sensor 900 measures the current that is bought and sold for the power system 100.
　電流センサ９００は、通信線を介してパワーコンディショナ７００に接続され、パワーコンディショナ７００との間の通信を実行する。また、電流センサ９００は、無線回線を介してパワーコンディショナ７００に接続され、パワーコンディショナ７００との間の無線通信を実行してもよい。電流センサ９００は、計測結果をパワーコンディショナ７００に送信する。ここで、計測結果の送信は定期的になされてもよく、変化が予め定めた範囲よりも大きくなった場合になされてもよい。 The current sensor 900 is connected to the power conditioner 700 via a communication line and executes communication with the power conditioner 700. Further, the current sensor 900 may be connected to the power conditioner 700 via a wireless line and perform wireless communication with the power conditioner 700. The current sensor 900 transmits the measurement result to the power conditioner 700. Here, the measurement result may be transmitted periodically or when the change becomes larger than a predetermined range.
　パワーコンディショナ７００の入力部７０４は、通信線あるいは無線回線を介して電流センサ９００に接続されており、計測結果を受信する。制御部７０６は、入力部７０４において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、電力系統１００に対して売電とならないように変換部７０２における変換を制御する。図６（ａ）－（ｂ）は、制御部７０６に保持されるテーブルのデータ構造を示す。図６（ａ）に示されるテーブルでは、計測結果に含まれる電流値が「売電」である場合の制御「出力を低減」と、計測結果に含まれる電流値が「買電」である場合の制御「通常制御」とが示される。 The input unit 704 of the power conditioner 700 is connected to the current sensor 900 via a communication line or a wireless line, and receives the measurement result. The control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the power is not sold to the power system 100 based on the measurement result received by the input unit 704. 6 (a)-(b) show the data structure of the table held in the control unit 706. In the table shown in FIG. 6A, the control "reduce output" when the current value included in the measurement result is "sell power" and the case where the current value included in the measurement result is "purchase power". Control "Normal control" is shown.
　制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電流値が「買電」である場合、通常制御の実行を決定する。通常制御として、制御部７０６は、ＭＰＰＴ制御を変換部７０２に対して実行する。一方、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電流値が「売電」である場合、出力を低減させることを決定する。その際、制御部７０６は、出力される交流電力を１／Ｘ倍となるように変換部７０２を制御する。「Ｘ」は、予め定められた固定値であってもよく、電流値が大きくなるほど大きくなるような値であってもよい。このように制御部７０６は、計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように変換部７０２における変換を制御する。 The control unit 706 determines the execution of normal control when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase power". As normal control, the control unit 706 executes MPPT control on the conversion unit 702. On the other hand, the control unit 706 determines to reduce the output when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "selling power". At that time, the control unit 706 controls the conversion unit 702 so that the output AC power is multiplied by 1 / X. “X” may be a predetermined fixed value, or may be a value that increases as the current value increases. In this way, the control unit 706 controls the conversion in the conversion unit 702 so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of power when the measurement result indicates the sale of power.
　図６（ｂ）は、図６（ａ）とは別のテーブルである。図６（ｂ）に示されるテーブルでは、計測結果に含まれる電流値が「売電」である場合に、蓄電池８００への充電が可能であるときの制御「充電」と、蓄電池８００への充電が不可能であるときの制御「出力を低減」とが示される。また、計測結果に含まれる電流値が「買電」である場合の制御「通常制御」も示される。ここでは、図５に示されるように、蓄電池８００がパワーコンディショナ７００に接続される。 FIG. 6 (b) is a table different from that of FIG. 6 (a). In the table shown in FIG. 6B, when the current value included in the measurement result is "power sale", the control "charging" when the storage battery 800 can be charged and the storage battery 800 are charged. Control when is not possible "Reduce output" is shown. In addition, the control "normal control" when the current value included in the measurement result is "power purchase" is also shown. Here, as shown in FIG. 5, the storage battery 800 is connected to the power conditioner 700.
　制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電流値が「買電」である場合、これまでと同様に通常制御の実行を決定し、変換部７０２を運転させる。一方、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から受けつけた計測結果に含まれる電流値が「売電」である場合、蓄電池８００の空き容量を確認し、空き容量がある場合に充電可能と判定し、満充電の場合に充電不可能と判定する。充電可能である場合、制御部７０６は、直流電力を蓄電池８００に充電させる。充電不可能である場合、制御部７０６は、出力を低減することを決定する。その際、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２における変換を低減させる。蓄電池８００に充電させる場合、蓄電池８００は、充電にともなって空き容量ありの状態から満充電の状態に変化しうる。このような状況において、制御部７０６は、蓄電池８００が満充電になると、充電を停止させるとともに、出力を低減する。 When the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "purchase of power", the control unit 706 determines the execution of the normal control and operates the conversion unit 702 as before. On the other hand, the control unit 706 confirms the free capacity of the storage battery 800 when the current value included in the measurement result received from the conversion unit 702 is "power sale", and determines that charging is possible when there is free capacity. When the battery is fully charged, it is determined that the battery cannot be charged. When it is rechargeable, the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 with DC power. If charging is not possible, the control unit 706 decides to reduce the output. At that time, the control unit 706 reduces the conversion in the conversion unit 702. When the storage battery 800 is charged, the storage battery 800 may change from a state with free capacity to a fully charged state with charging. In such a situation, when the storage battery 800 is fully charged, the control unit 706 stops charging and reduces the output.
　以上の構成による発電システム１０００の動作を説明する。図７（ａ）－（ｂ）は、発電システム１０００による処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図７（ａ）において、入力部７０４は、電流値を受けつける（Ｓ１１０）。電流値が売電を示す場合（Ｓ１１２のＹ）、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２からの出力を低減させる（Ｓ１１４）。電流値が売電を示さない場合（Ｓ１１２のＮ）、制御部７０６は、通常制御を実行する（Ｓ１１６）。 The operation of the power generation system 1000 with the above configuration will be described. 7 (a)-(b) are flowcharts showing the processing procedure by the power generation system 1000. In FIG. 7A, the input unit 704 receives the current value (S110). When the current value indicates selling power (Y in S112), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S114). When the current value does not indicate selling power (N in S112), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S116).
　図７（ｂ）において、入力部７０４は、電流値を受けつける（Ｓ１３０）。電流値が売電を示す場合（Ｓ１３２のＹ）、蓄電池８００が充電可であれば（Ｓ１３４のＹ）、制御部７０６は、蓄電池８００を充電させる（Ｓ１３６）。蓄電池８００が充電可でなければ（Ｓ１３４のＮ）、制御部７０６は、変換部７０２からの出力を低減させる（Ｓ１３８）。電流値が売電を示さない場合（Ｓ１３２のＮ）、制御部７０６は、通常制御を実行する（Ｓ１４０）。 In FIG. 7B, the input unit 704 receives the current value (S130). When the current value indicates selling power (Y in S132) and the storage battery 800 is rechargeable (Y in S134), the control unit 706 charges the storage battery 800 (S136). If the storage battery 800 is not rechargeable (N in S134), the control unit 706 reduces the output from the conversion unit 702 (S138). When the current value does not indicate selling power (N in S132), the control unit 706 executes normal control (S140).
　本実施例によれば、電流センサ９００から受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部７０２における変換をパワーコンディショナ７００において制御するので、発電システム１０００における設備の規模の拡大を抑制できる。また、計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように変換部７０２における変換を制御するので、逆潮流の発生を抑制できる。また、計測結果が売電を示す場合に蓄電池８００への充電を実行するので、逆潮流の発生を抑制できる。 According to this embodiment, based on the measurement result received from the current sensor 900, the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled by the power conditioner 700 so as not to sell the power, so that the scale of the equipment in the power generation system 1000 is expanded. Can be suppressed. Further, since the conversion in the conversion unit 702 is controlled so that the measurement result indicates the purchase of electricity when the measurement result indicates the sale of electricity, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed. Further, since the storage battery 800 is charged when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold, the occurrence of reverse power flow can be suppressed.
　本開示の一態様の概要は、次の通りである。本開示の別の態様もまた、パワーコンディショナ（７００）である。このパワーコンディショナ（７００）は、発電装置（６００）と電力系統（１００）との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナ（７００）であって、発電装置（６００）において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部（７０２）と、電力系統（１００）に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサ（９００）から計測結果を受けつける入力部（７０４）と、入力部（７０４）において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部（７０２）における変換を制御する制御部（７０６）と、を備える。 The outline of one aspect of the present disclosure is as follows. Another aspect of the disclosure is also a power conditioner (700). This power conditioner (700) is a power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and exchanges the DC power generated by the power generation device (600). In the conversion unit (702) that converts power, the input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the current sensor (900) that measures the current that is bought and sold to the power system (100), and the input unit (704). Based on the received measurement result, it is provided with a control unit (706) that controls conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell power.
　本開示のさらに別の態様もまた、発電システムである。この発電システムは、発電装置（６００）と、発電装置（６００）と電力系統（１００）との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナ（７００）と、電力系統（１００）に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサ（９００）とを備える。パワーコンディショナ（７００）は、発電装置（６００）において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部（７０２）と、電流センサ（９００）から計測結果を受けつける入力部（７０４）と、入力部（７０４）において受けつけた計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように変換部（７０２）における変換を制御する制御部（７０６）と、を備える。 Yet another aspect of the disclosure is also a power generation system. This power generation system is sold to and from the power generation device (600), the power conditioner (700) arranged between the power generation device (600) and the power system (100), and the power system (100). It is equipped with a current sensor (900) that measures current. The power conditioner (700) has a conversion unit (702) that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device (600) into AC power, an input unit (704) that receives the measurement result from the current sensor (900), and an input. A control unit (706) that controls conversion in the conversion unit (702) so as not to sell power is provided based on the measurement result received by the unit (704).
　以上、本開示を実施例をもとに説明した。この実施例は例示であり、それらの各構成要素あるいは各処理プロセスの組合せにいろいろな変形例が可能なこと、またそうした変形例も本開示の範囲にあることは当業者に理解されるところである。 The present disclosure has been described above based on the examples. This embodiment is an example, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible for each of these components or combinations of each processing process, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present disclosure. ..
　本実施例１、２における発電システム１０００には、１つのパワーコンディショナ７００が含まれる。しかしながらこれに限らず例えば、発電システム１０００に複数のパワーコンディショナ７００が含まれてもよい。その際、複数のパワーコンディショナ７００のうちの１つがマスタとして動作し、残りのパワーコンディショナ７００がスレーブとして動作する。また、マスタのパワーコンディショナ７００に電力量計３００が接続され、電力量計３００はマスタのパワーコンディショナ７００に電力値あるいは電流値を出力する。また、マスタのパワーコンディショナ７００はスレーブのパワーコンディショナ７００に動作を指示する。本変形例によれば、構成の自由度を向上できる。 The power generation system 1000 in Examples 1 and 2 includes one power conditioner 700. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the power generation system 1000 may include a plurality of power conditioners 700. At that time, one of the plurality of power conditioners 700 operates as a master, and the remaining power conditioners 700 operate as slaves. Further, a watt hour meter 300 is connected to the master power conditioner 700, and the watt hour meter 300 outputs a power value or a current value to the master power conditioner 700. Further, the master power conditioner 700 instructs the slave power conditioner 700 to operate. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.
　実施例１、２における制御部７０６は、変換部７０２から出力される交流電力の大きさを制御する機能を有する。しかしながらこれに限らず例えば、パワーコンディショナ７００には、タッチパネル機能を備えた表示部が備えられており、変換部７０２における機能の有効／無効が表示部により設定可能であってもよい。また、パワーコンディショナ７００には外部の装置が接続可能であり、変換部７０２における機能の有効／無効が外部の装置により設定可能であってもよい。本変形例によれば、構成の自由度を向上できる。 The control unit 706 in Examples 1 and 2 has a function of controlling the magnitude of the AC power output from the conversion unit 702. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the power conditioner 700 may be provided with a display unit having a touch panel function, and the function of the conversion unit 702 may be enabled / disabled by the display unit. Further, an external device can be connected to the power conditioner 700, and the enable / disable of the function in the conversion unit 702 may be set by the external device. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.
　実施例１、２におけるパワーコンディショナ７００は、インターネット上の小売電気事業者のサーバに接続されてもよい。この場合、パワーコンディショナ７００は、計測結果の大きさに応じて、遠隔出力制御の指令に対して、出力される交流電力を制御してもよい。本変形例によれば、売電していなければ、１００％で交流電力を出力できる。 The power conditioner 700 in Examples 1 and 2 may be connected to a server of a retail electric power company on the Internet. In this case, the power conditioner 700 may control the output AC power in response to the remote output control command according to the magnitude of the measurement result. According to this modification, AC power can be output at 100% if the power is not sold.
　実施例１、２における発電システム１０００は、パワーコンディショナ７００に接続される表示装置を備えてもよい。表示装置は、計測結果をもとに算出した売買電電力と、発電電力の情報を表示する。本変形例によれば、構成の自由度を向上できる。 The power generation system 1000 in Examples 1 and 2 may include a display device connected to the power conditioner 700. The display device displays information on the trading power calculated based on the measurement results and the generated power. According to this modification, the degree of freedom of configuration can be improved.
　本開示によれば、発電システムにおける設備の規模の拡大を抑制できる。 According to this disclosure, it is possible to suppress the expansion of the scale of equipment in the power generation system.
　１　発電システム、　１０　電力系統、　２０　キュービクル、　２２　計測制御部、　２４　ＲＰＲ、　３０　電力量計、　４０　分電盤、　５０　負荷機器、　６０　発電装置、　７０　パワーコンディショナ、　７２　変換部、　７４　入力部、　１００　電力系統、　２００　キュービクル、　２０４　ＲＰＲ、　３００　電力量計、　４００　分電盤、　５００　負荷機器、　６００　発電装置、　７００　パワーコンディショナ、　７０２　変換部、　７０４　入力部、　７０６　制御部、　８００　蓄電池、　１０００　発電システム。 1 power generation system, 10 power system, 20 cubicles, 22 measurement control unit, 24 RPR, 30 watt-hour meter, 40 distribution board, 50 load equipment, 60 power generation equipment, 70 power conditioner, 72 conversion unit, 74 input unit, 100 power system, 200 cubicle, 204 RPR, 300 watt-hour meter, 400 distribution board, 500 load equipment, 600 power generation device, 700 power conditioner, 702 conversion unit, 704 input unit, 706 control unit, 800 storage battery, 1000 power generation system.

Claims (7)

  1. 　発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナであって、
    　前記発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、
    　前記電力系統に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計から計測結果を受けつける入力部と、
    　前記入力部において受けつけた前記計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように前記変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とするパワーコンディショナ。     A power conditioner placed between the power generator and the power system.
    A conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power,
    An input unit that receives measurement results from a watt-hour meter that measures the power that is bought and sold for the power system.
    Based on the measurement result received by the input unit, a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell power, and a control unit.
    A power conditioner characterized by being equipped with.
  2. 　発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナであって、
    　前記発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、
    　前記電力系統に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサから計測結果を受けつける入力部と、
    　前記入力部において受けつけた前記計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように前記変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とするパワーコンディショナ。     A power conditioner placed between the power generator and the power system.
    A conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power,
    An input unit that receives measurement results from a current sensor that measures the current that is bought and sold for the power system.
    Based on the measurement result received by the input unit, a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell power, and a control unit.
    A power conditioner characterized by being equipped with.
  3. 　前記制御部は、前記計測結果が売電を示す場合に買電を示すようになるように前記変換部における変換を制御することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のパワーコンディショナ。 The power conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit controls conversion in the conversion unit so that when the measurement result indicates power sale, it indicates power purchase.
  4. 　前記制御部は、前記計測結果が売電を示す場合に蓄電池への充電を実行することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のパワーコンディショナ。 The power conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit executes charging of the storage battery when the measurement result indicates that the power is sold.
  5. 　発電装置と、
    　前記発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナと、
    　前記電力系統に対して売買電される電力を計測する電力量計とを備え、
    　前記パワーコンディショナは、
    　前記発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、
    　前記電力量計から計測結果を受けつける入力部と、
    　前記入力部において受けつけた前記計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように前記変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする発電システム。     Power generator and
    A power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system,
    It is equipped with a watt-hour meter that measures the power that is bought and sold for the power system.
    The power conditioner is
    A conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power,
    An input unit that receives measurement results from the watt hour meter,
    Based on the measurement result received by the input unit, a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell power, and a control unit.
    A power generation system characterized by being equipped with.
  6. 　発電装置と、
    　前記発電装置と電力系統との間に配置されるパワーコンディショナと、
    　前記電力系統に対して売買電される電流を計測する電流センサとを備え、
    　前記パワーコンディショナは、
    　前記発電装置において発電された直流電力を交流電力に変換する変換部と、
    　前記電流センサから計測結果を受けつける入力部と、
    　前記入力部において受けつけた前記計測結果をもとに、売電とならないように前記変換部における変換を制御する制御部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする発電システム。     Power generator and
    A power conditioner arranged between the power generation device and the power system,
    It is equipped with a current sensor that measures the current that is bought and sold for the power system.
    The power conditioner is
    A conversion unit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power,
    The input unit that receives the measurement result from the current sensor and
    Based on the measurement result received by the input unit, a control unit that controls conversion in the conversion unit so as not to sell power, and a control unit.
    A power generation system characterized by being equipped with.
  7. 　前記パワーコンディショナに接続される蓄電池をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項５または６に記載の発電システム。 The power generation system according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising a storage battery connected to the power conditioner.
PCT/JP2021/000283 2020-01-30 2021-01-07 Power conditioner and power generation system WO2021153173A1 (en)

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