WO2021146815A1 - Polymères à base de monomères ioniques, les compositions les comprenant, leurs procédés de fabrication et leur utilisation dans des applications électrochimiques - Google Patents
Polymères à base de monomères ioniques, les compositions les comprenant, leurs procédés de fabrication et leur utilisation dans des applications électrochimiques Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021146815A1 WO2021146815A1 PCT/CA2021/050071 CA2021050071W WO2021146815A1 WO 2021146815 A1 WO2021146815 A1 WO 2021146815A1 CA 2021050071 W CA2021050071 W CA 2021050071W WO 2021146815 A1 WO2021146815 A1 WO 2021146815A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ionic polymer
- mol
- formula
- approximately
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 323
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-aminopropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)N WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 alkane diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- PVMUVDSEICYOMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chlorosulfonylsulfamoyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)NS(Cl)(=O)=O PVMUVDSEICYOMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical group [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CLGIPVVEERQWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1F CLGIPVVEERQWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NHEKBXPLFJSSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CO NHEKBXPLFJSSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012011 nucleophilic catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VIGVRXYWWFPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylborinic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1B(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VIGVRXYWWFPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007309 Fischer-Speier esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005741 Steglich esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical group ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LSJNBGSOIVSBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(F)=O LSJNBGSOIVSBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-RXMQYKEDSA-N (4r)-2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SWVRJOFSTXASFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-hydroxybenzo[b][1,4]benzothiaborinine Chemical compound OB1c2ccccc2Sc2ccccc12 SWVRJOFSTXASFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IFZOPNLVYZYSMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN IFZOPNLVYZYSMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCXAQLMRLMZKRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(N)CC(C)(C)N PCXAQLMRLMZKRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YOOSAIJKYCBPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(3-aminopropoxy)butoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCOCCCCOCCCN YOOSAIJKYCBPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LMXFTMYMHGYJEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menthoglycol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)(C)O)C(O)C1 LMXFTMYMHGYJEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004146 Propane-1,2-diol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydroxymethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])(=O)=O UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid group Chemical group S(N)(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of polymers and their use in electrochemical applications. More particularly, the present application relates to the field of solid polymer electrolytes, polymeric compositions, solid polymer electrolyte compositions, their manufacturing processes and their uses in electrochemical cells, electrochromic devices, supercapacitors, or electrochemical accumulators, especially in so-called solid-state batteries.
- Solid polymer electrolytes are promising materials for many technological applications since they allow the development of all-solid-state electrochemical systems that are substantially safer, lighter, more flexible and more efficient than their counterparts based on the use of electrolytes. liquids.
- solid polymer electrolytes are still limited, in particular because of their limited electrochemical stability, their low transport number and their relatively low ionic conductivity. Indeed, the window of electrochemical stability of conventional solid polymer electrolytes is still relatively limited, conventional solid state polymer electrolytes generally do not withstand high voltage operation (3 4 V vs Li / Li + ).
- conventional solid polymer electrolytes such as those based on poly (ethylene oxide) (POE) face problems with ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- the ionic conductivity of POE is of the order of 10 -3 S. cm -1 when the polymer is in the molten state (Hallinan et al., Annual review of materials research 43 (2013): 503-525 ).
- ion transport occurs mainly in the amorphous phase and decreases in the crystalline phase resulting in a significant decrease in the ionic conductivity of POE-based polymers.
- the ionic conductivity of a POE-based polymer decreases substantially at operating temperatures below its melting point (Armand, M. Solid State lonics 9 (1983): 745-754).
- the degree of crosslinking of polymers based on POE is also associated with problems of electrochemical stability and of low ionic conductivity, in particular due to reduced segmental mobility.
- a common approach to solving the problem of low ionic conductivity involves modifying the structure of the polymer in order to decrease its crystallinity, for example, by using branched or block PEO-based polymers comprising monomer units lowering the crystallization temperature, glass transition temperature, or by increasing the number of ionic transport.
- Another strategy employed to solve this problem involves the incorporation of nanoscale ceramic fillers such as titanium dioxide (PO 2 ), alumina (AI 2 O 3 ), silicon dioxide (S1O 2 ), and nanoparticles. lithium aluminate (UAIO 2 ) in POE-based polymers in order to improve their mechanical strength.
- these fillers can contribute to a reduction in the electrochemical and / or mechanical properties of the polymer.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising the product of the reaction between at least one compound of Formula 1 comprising at least two functional groups and a bis (halosulfonyl) imide of the metal of Formula 2 :
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group chosen from a linear or branched C1-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched C1-CioalkyleneoxyCrCioalkylene, a linear or branched poly (C1-Cioalkyleneoxy) C1-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched polyether and a linear polyester or branched;
- Xi and X2 are functional groups independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydroxyl group, a thiol group and an amine group;
- X 1 and X4 are halogen atoms each independently selected from F, Cl, Br and I;
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions.
- the compound of Formula 1 is selected from glycerol, alkanediols, propan-1,3-diol, butan-1,4-diol, pentane-1, 5-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octane-1,8-diol, propane-1, 2-diol, butane-1, 2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, butane-1, 3- diol, pentan-1,2-diol, etohexadiol, p-menthane-3,8-diol, 2-methylpentan-2,4-diol, polycaprolactone diol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4,5,5- octafluorohexane-1,6-di
- the compound of Formula 1 is chosen from alkane diamines, propane-1, 3-diamine, butane-1,4-diamine, pentane-1, 5-diamine, hexane- 1,6-diamine, octane-1,8-diamine, propane-1,2-diamine, butane-1, 2-diamine, butane-2,3-diamine, butane-1, 3- diamine, pentane-1,2-diamine, 2,4-diamino-2-methylpentane, ethylenediamine, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane, 1,11- 3,6,9-diamino-trioxaundecane, 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,14-diamino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecane, poly (ethylene glycol) diamine, products marketed under the brand JEFFAM
- Xi and X2 are as defined here;
- R 1 and R 2 are independently and at each occurrence selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group, a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br and I, and linear or branched substituents chosen from CrCioalkyl, Ci-Cioalkylacrylate, Ci-Cioalkylmethacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkylacrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cio-alkylacrylate Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, and oxycarbonylamino-C-Cioalkyl-acrylate; and
- I is a number in the range 1 to 10.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted poly (C1-Cioalkyleneoxy) C1-Cioalkylene and the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 4:
- Xi and X2 are as defined here; and m is a number from 1 to 68.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted polyether and the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 5:
- Xi and X2 are as defined here; R3, R4 and R5 are independently and at each occurrence selected from C1-Cioalkyl groups; n, o and p are chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the polyether is between approximately 220 g / mol and approximately 2000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included; n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; and o is a number from about 2 to about 39.
- R3, R4 and R5 are methyl groups.
- Xi and X2 are both amine groups.
- A is an optionally substituted aliphatic polyester, such as polycaprolactone, and the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 7:
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 8 (a) or is a polymer of Formula 8 (b):
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group independently and at each occurrence selected from a linear or branched C1-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched Cr CioalkyleneoxyCi-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched poly (Ci-Cioalkyleneoxy) Ci- Cioalkylene, a linear polyether or branched and a linear or branched polyester;
- X5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group
- R ⁇ is selected from a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group and an R7-X5-A-X6- group;
- R 7 is an independently crosslinkable group at each occurrence chosen from acrylate, methacrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci- Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate;
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions; and v is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 9:
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions;
- X 5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group
- R 1 and R 2 are independently and at each occurrence selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group, a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br and I, and linear substituents or branched chosen from CrCioalkyl, Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl- acrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and oxycarbonylamino-C-Cioalkyl-acrylate;
- I is a number in the range of 1 to 10; and w is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 10:
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions;
- X 5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group; m is a number in the range of 1 to 68; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 11:
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions;
- X 5 and CQ are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group;
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently and at each occurrence selected from C1-Cioalkyl groups; n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 12: in which, M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions; t and u are numbers between 1 and 10; and z is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions
- t and u are numbers between 1 and 10
- z is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 13: in which, x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 14:
- Formula 14 in which, x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 15:
- Formula 15 wherein, X 5 and C Q are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 16:
- X 5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 17:
- X5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 18:
- X 5 andX 6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an -NH group; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 19:
- Formula 19 in which, w is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 20:
- Formula 20 in which, w is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 21:
- n and p are selected such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 22: wherein, n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 23: wherein, n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen so that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 24:
- n and p are selected such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 25: in which, n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is between about 1 and about 6; o is a number between about 2 and about 39; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 26:
- Formula 26 in which, w and x are numbers chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between about 8,000 g / mol and about 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 27:
- Formula 27 in which, w and x are numbers chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 28:
- Formula 28 in which, w and x are numbers chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the present technology relates to a polymer composition
- a polymer composition comprising at least one ionic polymer as defined here.
- the polymeric composition further comprises at least one additional component or an additive.
- the additional component or the additive is chosen from ionic conductors, inorganic particles, glass particles, ceramic particles, salts and other similar additives, or a combination of at least two of these.
- the additional component or the additive is a filling additive chosen from particles or nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (PO2), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and silicon dioxide (SiC> 2) .
- the polymeric composition is used in an electrochemical cell.
- the polymeric composition is a solid polymer electrolyte composition.
- the polymeric composition is which is a binder for an electrode material.
- the polymeric composition is used in a supercapacitor.
- the supercapacitor is a carbon-carbon supercapacitor.
- the polymeric composition is used in an electrochromic material.
- the present technology relates to a solid polymer electrolyte composition comprising a polymeric composition as defined herein.
- the solid polymer electrolyte composition further comprises at least one salt.
- the salt is an ionic salt chosen from a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a calcium salt and a magnesium salt.
- the solid polymer electrolyte composition further comprises at least one additional component or additive.
- the additional component or the additive is selected from ionically conductive materials, inorganic particles, glass particles, ceramic particles, a combination of at least two of these and other similar additives.
- the present technology relates to a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a solid polymer electrolyte composition as defined herein.
- the present technology relates to an electrode material comprising an electrochemically active material and a polymeric composition as defined herein.
- the polymeric composition is a binder.
- the electrochemically active material is in the form of particles.
- the electrochemically active material is chosen from a metal oxide, a lithium metal oxide, a metal phosphate, a lithium metal phosphate, a titanate and a lithium titanate.
- the metal of the electrochemically active material is chosen from titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), antimony (Sb) and a combination of at least two of these.
- the electrode material further comprises at least one electronically conductive material.
- the electronically conductive material is chosen from carbon black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and a combination of at least two of these.
- the electrode material further comprises at least one additional component or an additive.
- the additional component or the additive is chosen from ionic conductors, inorganic particles, glass or ceramic particles, nanoceramics, salts and other similar additives.
- the additional component or the additive is chosen from AI2O3, T1O2, S1O2.
- the electrode material is a positive electrode material. In another embodiment, the electrode material is a material negative electrode. According to one example, the electrochemically active material is a lithium titanate or a lithium titanate is coated with carbon.
- the present technology relates to an electrode comprising an electrode material as defined herein on a current collector.
- the present technology relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the electrolyte comprises a composition. polymeric as defined here.
- the present technology relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, in which at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is as defined herein.
- the present technology relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a solid polymer electrolyte as defined herein.
- the present technology relates to an electrochemical accumulator comprising at least one electrochemical cell as defined here.
- the electrochemical accumulator is a battery selected from a lithium battery, a lithium-ion battery, a sodium battery, a sodium-ion battery, a magnesium battery, and a magnesium-ion battery.
- said battery is a lithium battery or a lithium-ion battery.
- the present technology relates to a process for preparing a polymer or a polymeric composition as defined herein, the process comprising the following steps:
- the method further comprises a step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide.
- the step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide is carried out by the reaction between sulfamic acid and a halosulfonic acid in the presence of at least one halogenating agent.
- the halogenating agent is selected from phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl fluoride, phosphorus oxychloride and oxalyl chloride.
- the halogenating agent is thionyl chloride.
- the halosulfonic acid is chlorosulfonic acid.
- the step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 60 ° C to about 150 ° C, or ranging from about 70 ° C. C to about 145 ° C, or from about 80 ° C to about 140 ° C, or from about 90 ° C to about 100 ° C, or from about 110 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 120 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 125 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 125 ° C to about 135 ° C, upper and lower limits included.
- the bis (halosulfonyl) imide is a bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide is carried out by a metallation reaction between a bis (halosulfonyl) imide and at least one metallating agent, optionally in the presence of a solvent.
- the metallating agent comprises an alkali or alkaline earth metal chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
- the metallating agent is a lithiation agent chosen from lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogencarbonate, lithium hydride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, a lithium carboxylate of formula RCO 2 U (in which R is a linear or branched CrCioalkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon), lithium oxalate and metallic lithium.
- the lithiation agent is lithium chloride.
- the solvent is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, tetrachloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and a miscible combination of minus two of these.
- the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide of Formula 2 is carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 20 ° C to about 150 ° C, or of from about 30 ° C to about 135 ° C, or from about 40 ° C to about 130 ° C, or from about 50 ° C to about 125 ° C, or from about 60 ° C to about 120 ° C, or ranging from about 70 ° C to about 115 ° C, or ranging from about 80 ° C to about 110 ° C, or ranging from about 90 ° C to about 105 ° C, upper and lower limits included.
- the step of preparing the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide is carried out for a period of time ranging from about 10 hours to about 48 hours, or ranging from about 10 hours. to about 24 hours, or ranging from about 12 hours to about 24 hours, upper and lower bounds included.
- the step of reacting at least one compound of Formula 1 including at least two functional groups with said metal bis (halosulfonyl) imideide of Formula 2 is a polymerization step.
- the polymerization is carried out by polycondensation.
- the polymerization is carried out by polyesterification.
- the polyesterification is carried out by a Fischer esterification reaction or by a Steglich esterification reaction.
- the step of reacting at least one compound of Formula 1 including at least two functional groups with said metal bis (halosulfonyl) imideide of Formula 2 is carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is chosen from N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, tetrachloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and a miscible combination of at least two of these.
- the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the polymerization step is carried out in the presence of at least one base and optionally at least one polymerization catalyst and / or at least one cocatalyst and / or optionally at least one co-catalyst. less acylation catalyst.
- the polymerization catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an acid catalyst, a nucleophilic catalyst and a boron-based catalyst.
- the nucleophilic catalyst is selected from the group consisting of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, and other pyridine derivatives.
- the boron catalyst is a boric acid catalyst, a boronic acid catalyst, or a borinic acid catalyst.
- the polymerization catalyst is chosen from diarylborinic acids of formula A ⁇ BOH (in which Ar is an aryl group), diphenylborinic acid, phenylboronic acid, trifluorophenyl boronic acid, 9H-9-bora -10-thiaanthracen-9-ol, 10H-phenoxaborin-10-ol, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, acyl fluoborates, triethyloxonium fluoborate, boron trifluoride etherate, boron trifluoride boron, boron tris (pentafluorophenyl), and other similar catalysts derived from boron, or a combination of at least two thereof when compatible.
- the base is chosen from triethylamine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine and pyridine derivatives.
- the base is triethylamine.
- the method further comprises a post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step.
- the post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step is carried out in order to introduce at least one crosslinkable functional group.
- the post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step is carried out by the reaction between at least one functional group and at least one precursor of a crosslinkable functional group.
- the crosslinkable functional group is chosen from the acrylate, methacrylate, CrCioalkyl-acrylate, Cr Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci- Cioalkyl-acrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, -Ci- Cioalkyl-acrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci- Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci-Cioalkyl- acrylate, carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate.
- the process further comprises a separation or purification step.
- the separation or purification step is carried out by a liquid chromatography method or a filtration method.
- the method further comprises a step of coating the polymeric composition.
- the coating step is carried out by at least one method chosen from a doctor blade coating method, a transfer interval coating method, a reverse transfer interval coating method, a printing method, an etching method and a slit coating method.
- the method further comprises a step of drying the polymeric composition in order to remove any residual solvent and / or water.
- the step of drying the polymer composition and the step of coating the polymer composition are carried out simultaneously.
- the method further comprises a crosslinking step.
- the crosslinking step is carried out by UV irradiation, by heat treatment, by microwave irradiation, under an electron beam, by gamma irradiation, or by X-ray irradiation.
- the crosslinking step can be carried out in the presence of at least one of a crosslinking agent, a thermal initiator, a photoinitiator (eg, UV initiator), a catalyst, a plasticizer, or a combination of at least two thereof.
- FIGURES Figure 1 is a chromatogram obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for Polymer 2, as described in Example 3 (b).
- Figure 2 is a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum ( 1 H NMR) obtained for Polymer 2, as described in Example 3 (b).
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis obtained for Polymer 2, as described in Example 3 (b).
- Figure 4 is a chromatogram obtained by size exclusion chromatography for Polymer 4, as described in Example 3 (d).
- Figure 5 is a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a polymer obtained by the polymerization of diethylene glycol with lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide, as described in Example 3 (e).
- Figure 6 is a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum obtained for Polymer 5, as described in Example 3 (e).
- Figure 7 is a carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum ( 13 C NMR) obtained for Polymer 5, as described in Example 3 (e).
- Figure 8 is a fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum ( 19 F NMR) obtained for Polymer 5, as described in Example 3 (e).
- Figure 9 is a graph showing the results of the differential scanning calorimetry analysis obtained for Polymer 5, as described in Example 3 (e).
- Figure 10 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K -1 ) for Cell 1, as described in Example 4 (h).
- Figure 11 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K -1 ) for Cell 2, as described in Example 4 (h).
- Figure 12 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K -1 ) for Cell 3, as described in Example 4 (h).
- Figure 13 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K -1 ) for Cell 4, as described in Example 4 (h).
- Figure 14 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K 1 ) for Cell 5 (comparative cell), as described in Example 4 ( h).
- Figure 15 is a graph showing the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) versus temperature (1000 / T, K -1 ) for Cell 6 (comparative cell), as described in Example 4 (h).
- Figure 16 shows cyclic voltammograms obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) (solid line) recorded at a scan rate of 0.067 mV / s and for Cell 8 (comparative cell) (dashed line) recorded at a scan rate of 0.05 mV / s between 2.7 V and 4.3 V vs Li / Li + , as described in Example 5 (c).
- Figure 17 shows a cyclic voltammogram obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) recorded at a sweep speed of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + , as described in Example 5 ( vs).
- Figure 18 shows cyclic voltammograms obtained for Cell 9 (solid line) and for Cell 10 (broken line) recorded at a sweep speed of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + , as described in Example 5 (c).
- Figure 19 shows cyclic voltammograms obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) (double dot dash line), for Cell 10 (dashed dot line), for Cell 9 (dashed line) and for Cell 11 (comparative cell) (solid line) recorded at a scan rate of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + , as described in Example 5 (c).
- monomer units derived from and equivalent expressions, as used herein, refer to repeating units of a polymer obtained from the polymerization of a polymerizable monomer.
- repeat unit refers to a sequence of repeat units forming part of the chain of a polymer.
- fragment designates a part of a polymer comprising a repeating unit and optionally a terminal group or group.
- a formula designates a repeating unit or a polymer fragment, unless it is defined, for example by an OH group, NH 2 , etc., the end of the link exceeding the bracket (s) of the formula is not necessarily a methyl group and is rather defined as being the remainder of the polymer, the definition of the group outside the hook remaining open.
- this group can represent an X 1 , X 2 , CB, X 4 , R6 or R 7 group as defined here, the residue of an initiator, or another polymer fragment.
- alkyl refers to saturated hydrocarbons having between one and ten carbon atoms, including linear or branched alkyl groups.
- alkyl groups can include methyl groups, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and so on.
- alkyl group is located between two functional groups, then the term alkyl also includes alkylene groups such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, and so on.
- the terms “C m -C n alkyl” and “C m -C n alkylene” refer respectively to an alkyl or alkylene group having the number “m” indicated at the indicated number “n” of carbon atoms.
- aryl refers to functional groups comprising rings having aromatic character having 6 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 6 ring atoms.
- aryl refers to both monocyclic and polycyclic conjugated systems.
- aryl also includes substituted or unsubstituted groups.
- aryl groups include, without limitation, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, 1-phenylethyl, tolyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, indenyl, benzocyclooctenyl, benzocycloheptenyl, azulenyl, acenaphthylenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, and so on. .
- the present technology relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising the product of the reaction between at least one compound of Formula 1 comprising at least two functional groups and a bis (halosulfonyl) imide of a metal of Formula 2:
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group chosen from a linear or branched Cr Cioalkylene, a linear or branched Ci-CioalkyleneoxyCi-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched poly (Ci-Cioalkyleneoxy) Ci-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched polyether and a polyester linear or branched;
- Xi and X 2 are functional groups independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydroxyl group, a thiol group and an amine group;
- X 1 and X 4 are halogen atoms each independently selected from F, Cl, Br and I;
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions.
- X 1 and X 2 can be functional groups independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydroxyl group (OH), a thiol group (SH) and a primary amine group (NH 2 ). According to a variant of interest, X 1 and X 2 can be functional groups independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydroxyl group and a primary amine group.
- X 1 and X 2 may be the same, for example, X 1 and X 2 are both hydroxyl groups, or both thiol groups, or both primary amine groups. According to a variant of interest, X 1 and X 2 are both hydroxyl groups. According to another variant of interest, X 1 and X 2 are both primary amine groups.
- X 3 and X 4 may be the same, for example, X 3 and X 4 are both chlorine atoms.
- M n + can be an alkali metal ion chosen from the group consisting of Na + , K + and Li + ions, for example, M n + is a Li + ion.
- X 3 and X 4 are both chlorine atoms and M n + is a Li + ion, that is, the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide of Formula 2 is bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide lithium.
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group chosen from a linear or branched C 2 -Cioalkylene, a linear or branched C 2 -CioalkyleneoxyC 2 -Cioalkylene, a poly (C 2 -Cioalkyleneoxy) C 2 -Cioalkylene linear or branched, a linear or branched polyether and a linear or branched polyester.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted CrCioalkylene and the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 3:
- Xi and X2 are as defined here;
- R 1 and R 2 are independently and at each occurrence selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group, a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br and I, and linear or branched substituents chosen from CrCioalkyl, Ci-Cioalkylacrylate, Ci-Cioalkylmethacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkylacrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cio-alkylacrylate Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, and oxycarbonylamino-C-Cioalkyl-acrylate; and
- I is a number in the range 1 to 10.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group, a fluorine atom and linear or branched substituents chosen from C 1 -Cioalkyl- acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently and at each occurrence chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a primary amine group, a fluorine atom and linear or branched substituents chosen from C 1 -Cioalkyl -acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci- Cioalkyl-methacrylate and oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate.
- I is a number in the range from 2 to 10.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted poly (C1-Cioalkyleneoxy) C1-Cioalkylene, for example the compound of Formula 1 possibly being a compound of Formula 4:
- Xi and X are as defined here; and m is a number in the range 1 to 68.
- X and X are both hydroxyl groups or are both amine groups and the compound of Formula 1 is of Formula 4 (a) or 4 (b):
- Formula 4 (a) Formula 4 (b) where, m is a number in the range of 1 to 6.
- the compound of Formula 1 can be a JEFFAMINE® product of the D series and the compound is of Formula 4 (c):
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the D series can be JEFFAMINE® D-230, where m is about 2.5 and the number average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is about 230 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the D series can be JEFFAMINE® D-400, where m is about 6.1 and the number average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is about 430 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the D series can be JEFFAMINE® D-2000, where m is about 33 and the number average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is about 2000 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the D series can be JEFFAMINE® D-4000, where m is about 68 and the number average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is about 4000 g / mol.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted polyether.
- the optionally substituted polyether can be based on propylene oxide (OP), on ethylene oxide (EO) or on an OP / EO mixture.
- OP propylene oxide
- EO ethylene oxide
- A is an optionally substituted polyether primarily based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 5:
- Xi and X2 are as defined here;
- R3, R4 and Rs are independently and at each occurrence selected from C1-Cioalkyl groups; n, o and p are chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the polyether is between approximately 220 g / mol and approximately 2000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included; n and p are chosen such that the sum (n + p) is in the range of about 1 to about 6; and o is a number in the range of about 2 to about 39.
- the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 5 and may be a JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series, the compound being of Formula 5 (a):
- the J EFFAMI NE® product of the ED series can be JEFFAMINE® HK-511, where o is approximately 2, the sum (n + p) is approximately 1.2 and the molecular weight in average number of the polyether diamine is about 220 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series may be JEFFAMINE® ED-2003, where o is approximately 39, the sum (n + p) is approximately 6 and the number-average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is about 2000 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series can be JEFFAMINE® ED-900, where o is about 12.5, the sum (n + p) is about 6 and the molecular weight in number. average of the polyether diamine is about 900 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series can be JEFFAMINE® ED-600, where o is about 9, the sum (n + p) is about 3.6 and the molecular weight in number. average of the polyether diamine is about 600 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series can be chosen from the group consisting of the JEFFAMINE® ED-600, ED-900 and ED-2003 products.
- A is a linear or branched and optionally substituted poly (Ci-Cioalkyleneoxy) Ci-Cioalkylene, the compound of Formula 1 possibly being a compound of Formula 6:
- the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 6 and may be a JEFFAMINE® product of the EDR series of Formula 6 (a):
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the EDR series can be JEFFAMINE® EDR-148, where q and r are approximately 2 and the number-average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is approximately 148 g / mol.
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the EDR series can be JEFFAMINE® EDR-176, where q and r are approximately 3 and the number-average molecular weight of the polyether diamine is approximately 176 g / mol.
- A is an optionally substituted aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone and, for example, the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 7:
- the compound of Formula 1 including at least two functional groups can be an alcohol (or a polyalcohol) including at least two groups hydroxyls, a glycol ether, or polyol such as a diol (or glycol), triol, tetraol, pentol, hexol, heptol and so on.
- the compound including at least two hydroxyl groups can be a linear or branched diol (or glycol), can be aliphatic or aromatic, for example, all diols (or glycols) are contemplated.
- Non-limiting examples of compounds including at least two hydroxyl groups include glycerol (glycerin), alkanediols, propan-1,3-diol, butan-1,4-diol, pentan-1,5-diol , hexane-1,6-diol, octane-1,8-diol, propane-1, 2-diol (or propylene glycol (PG)), butane-1, 2-diol, butane- 2,3-diol (or dimethylene glycol), butan-1,3-diol (or butylene glycol), pentan-1,2-diol, etohexadiol, p-menthane-3,8-diol, 2-methylpentan-2,4-diol, polycaprolactone diol, ethylene glycol (1, 2- ethanediol), diethylene glycol (or ethylene diglycol), tri
- the compound including at least two hydroxyl groups can be chosen from glycerol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4,5,5-octafluorohexane-1,6-diol and polycaprolactone diol.
- the compound including at least two hydroxyl groups can be glycerol. According to another variant of interest, the compound including at least two hydroxyl groups can be diethylene glycol. According to another variant of interest, the compound including at least two hydroxyl groups can be 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexane-1, 6-diol.
- the compound including at least two functional groups can be a polyamine including at least two amine groups such as a diamine, a triamine and so on.
- the compound including at least two amine groups can be a linear or branched diamine and can be aliphatic or aromatic, for example, all diamines are contemplated.
- Non-limiting examples of compounds including at least two amine groups include propane-1, 2,3-triamine, alkane diamines, propane-1,3-diamine, butane-1,4-diamine, pentane-1 , 5-diamine, hexane-1,6-diamine, octane-1,8-diamine, propane-1, 2-diamine, butane-1,2-diamine, butane-2,3- diamine, butane-1, 3-diamine, pentane-1, 2-diamine, 2,4-diamino-2-methylpentane, ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane), 1, 8-diamino-3 , 6-dioxaoctane, 1,11-diamino-3,6,9-trioxaundecane, 4,9-dioxa-1,12- dodecanediamine, 1,14-diamino-3,6,9,12-tetraox
- the compound including at least two amine groups can be a PEG-diamine of formula FhNCFhCFhlOCFbCFy n NFh, where n is 1 or 2.
- the compound including at least two amine groups can be a JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series (or O, O'-bis (2-aminopropyle) polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol).
- the JEFFAMINE® product of the ED series can be chosen from the JEFFAMINE® ED-600, ED-900 and ED-2003 products.
- the present technology therefore also relates to an ionic polymer comprising at least one repeating unit of Formula 8 (a) and / or is a polymer of Formula 8 (b):
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted organic group independently and at each occurrence selected from a linear or branched C1-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched C1-CioalkyleneoxyCi-Cioalkylene, a linear or branched poly (C1-Cioalkyleneoxy) Ci- Cioalkylene, a polyether linear or branched and a linear or branched polyester;
- X5 andX6 are each independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an NH group
- R ⁇ is selected from a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an amine group and an R7-X5-A-X6- group;
- R7 is an independently crosslinkable group at each occurrence chosen from acrylate, methacrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl- groups. methacrylate, carbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, carbonyloxy-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate;
- M n + is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Na + , K + , Li + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions; and v is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- X5 and CQ can be identical.
- X5 and CQ are both oxygen atoms, or both sulfur atoms, or both NH groups.
- X5 and CQ are both oxygen atoms.
- X5 and CQ are both NH groups.
- the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8000 g / mol and approximately 60,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the ionic polymer comprises at least one repeating unit of Formula 9:
- M n + , R 1, R 2, I, X 5 and X 6 are as defined here; and w is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included. According to one example, the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8000 g / mol and approximately 60,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the ionic polymer comprises at least one repeating unit of Formula 10:
- M n + , m, X 5 and X 6 are as defined here; and x is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8000 g / mol and approximately 60,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- X 5 and C Q are both oxygen atoms or are both NH groups and the ionic polymer is of Formula 10 (a) or 10 (b):
- the ionic polymer comprises at least one repeating unit of Formula 11:
- M n + , R3, R4, R5, n, o, p X5 and C Q are as defined herein; and y is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8000 g / mol and approximately 60,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- X5 and C Q are both NH groups
- R3, R4 and R5 are methyl groups
- the ionic polymer is of Formula 11 (a): formula 11 (a) in which,
- M n + , n, o, p and y are as defined here.
- the ionic polymer comprises at least one repeating unit of Formula 12:
- M n + , t and u are as defined here; and z is a number chosen such that the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8,000 g / mol and approximately 150,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the number-average molecular weight of the ionic polymer is between approximately 8000 g / mol and approximately 60,000 g / mol, upper and lower limits included.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic prepolymer. According to another example, the ionic polymer can be an ionic copolymer.
- the technology also relates to the ionic polymer as defined above, in which said ionic polymer is a crosslinked ionic polymer.
- the ionic polymer can also comprise at least one crosslinkable functional group.
- the crosslinkable functional group can be a terminal group and be present at at least one end of the carbon chain of the ionic polymer.
- the crosslinkable functional group may be present on a side chain of the carbon chain of the ionic polymer.
- the crosslinkable functional group may be present at at least one end of the carbon chain of the ionic polymer and on a side chain thereof.
- the crosslinkable functional group can be chosen from cyanate, acrylate and methacrylate groups.
- the crosslinkable functional group can be chosen from CrCioalkyl-acrylate, CrCioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, carbonylamino-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate and carbonyl carbonylamino groups -Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 13:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 14:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 15:
- X 5 , C Q and c are as defined here.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 15 (a):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 15 (b):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 16:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 16 (a):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 16 (b):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 17:
- X 5 , C Q and x are as defined here.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 17 (a):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 17 (b):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 18:
- X 5 , C Q and x are as defined here.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 18 (a):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 18 (b):
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 19:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 20:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 21:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 22:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 23: in which, n, o, p and y are as defined here.
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 24:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic polymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 25:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic copolymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 26:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic copolymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 27:
- the ionic polymer can be an ionic copolymer comprising at least one fragment of Formula 28:
- the present technology also relates to a polymeric composition comprising an ionic polymer as defined above.
- the polymeric composition or the ionic polymer can optionally also include at least one additional component or an additive such as ionic conductors, inorganic particles, glass particles, ceramic particles (for example, nanoceramics ), salts and other similar additives, or combinations thereof.
- the additional component or additive may be a filler additive and may include particles or nanoparticles of metal oxides.
- the filler additive can include particles or nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (PO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and / or silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ).
- the technology also relates to a process for preparing an ionic polymer or a polymeric composition as defined in the present application, the process comprising the following steps:
- the method further comprises a step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide.
- the step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide can be carried out by reacting sulfamic acid (H 3 NSO 3 ) with a halosulfonic acid of formula HSO 3 X 3 (in which X 3 is such as defined above) in the presence of at least one halogenating agent.
- the bis (halosulfonyl) imide is bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide (HN (S0 2 CI) 2 ).
- the bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide can be prepared by the reaction of sulfamic acid with chlorosulfonic acid (HSO 3 CI) in the presence of at least one halogenation agent.
- the step of preparing the bis (halosulfonyl) imide can also comprise a step of purification.
- the purification step can be carried out by all known compatible purification methods.
- the purification step can be carried out by distillation.
- the halogenating agent can be chosen from all known compatible halogenating agents.
- the halogenating agent can also serve as reaction medium and / or solvent and can be chosen for its ease of isolation during a possible subsequent purification step.
- the agent halogenation can be chosen from phosphorus trichloride (PCI3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCI5), thionyl chloride (SOCI2), thionyl fluoride (SOF2), phosphorus oxychloride (POCI3) and chloride oxalyl ((COCI) 2).
- the halogenating agent is a chlorinating agent.
- the halogenating agent is thionyl chloride.
- the reaction mechanism between sulfamic acid and chlorosulfonic acid in the presence of thionyl chloride could therefore be as shown in Scheme 2:
- one equivalent of sulfamic acid reacts with one equivalent of chlorosulfonic acid in the presence of two equivalents of thionyl chloride to form a bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide.
- the halogenating agent eg, thionyl chloride
- the amount of halogenating agent can be in the range of from about 2 equivalents to about 5 equivalents based on sulfamic acid, upper and lower limits included.
- the amount of halogenating agent may be in the range of from about 2 equivalents to about 4 equivalents, or from about 2 equivalents to about 3 equivalents, or from about
- the amount of halogenating agent is approximately 2.75 equivalents relative to the sulfamic acid.
- the reaction between sulfamic acid and halosulfonic acid in the presence of at least one halogenating agent is carried out at a sufficiently high temperature and for a sufficient time to allow a substantially complete reaction.
- the reaction between sulfamic acid and halosulfonic acid in the presence of at least one halogenating agent is carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 60 ° C to about 150 ° C, limits upper and lower included.
- the step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide can be carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 70 ° C to about 145 ° C, or of from about 80 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 90 ° C to about 100 ° C, or ranging from about 110 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 120 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 125 ° C to about 140 ° C, or ranging from about 125 ° C to about 135 ° C, upper and lower limits included.
- the step of preparing a bis (halosulfonyl) imide can be carried out at a temperature of about 130 ° C, for example, for a period of about 24 hours.
- the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide is prepared by a metallation reaction of a bis (halosulfonyl) imide.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out by the reaction between a bis (halosulfonyl) imide and at least one metallating agent in the presence of a solvent.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out by a method as illustrated in Scheme 3:
- the metallating agent can be chosen from all known compatible metallating agents.
- the metal of the metallation is an alkali or alkaline earth metal chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
- the metal of the metallating agent is an alkali metal chosen from lithium, sodium and potassium.
- the alkali metal is lithium
- the metallation agent is a lithiation agent
- the metallation step is a lithiation step.
- the lithiating agent can be chosen for its ease in deprotonating and lithiating bis (halosulfonyl) imide, for example bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide.
- the lithium bis (halosulfonyl) imide can be prepared by a process as described by Paul et al. (Paul et al., Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 39.3 (1977): 441-442).
- Non-limiting examples of lithiation agents include lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (U2CO3), lithium hydrogencarbonate (UHCO3), lithium hydride (LiH), metallic lithium, lithium lithium chloride (LiCI), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium iodide, a lithium carboxylate of the formula RCO2U (where R is a linear or branched CrCioalkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon) and lithium oxalate (C2U2O4).
- the lithiating agent is lithium chloride.
- the solvent used in the preparation step of the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step may be an organic solvent, for example, an aprotic polar solvent.
- the solvent can be selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), tetrachloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile , tetrahydrofuran (THF) and a miscible combination of at least two of these.
- the solvent for the metallation reaction is N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the solvent can also act as an activator for the subsequent polymerization reaction.
- the N, N-dimethylformamide can form a complex with the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide, thus making it possible to substantially improve the yield of the subsequent reaction step of at least one compound of Formula 1 as described. above with the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide of Formula 2 as defined herein.
- the complex can be a complex as described by Higashi et al. (Higashi et al., Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22, No. 7 (1984): 1653-1660).
- the metallating agent can be added in a bis (halosulfonyl) imide: metallating agent molar ratio of 1: 1.
- the metallating agent can be added in excess relative to the bis (halosulfonyl) imide.
- the amount of metallating agent may be in the range from about 1 equivalent to about 5 equivalents relative to the bis (halosulfonyl) imide, upper and lower limits included.
- the amount of metallating agent can range from about 1 equivalent to about 4 equivalents, or from about 1 equivalent to about 3 equivalents, or from about 1 equivalent to about 1 equivalent.
- the quantity of metallating agent may be in the range going from about 1 equivalent to about 1.5 equivalents relative to the bis (halosulfonyl) imide, upper and lower limits included.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 20 ° C to about 150 ° C, upper and lower limits included.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 30 ° C to about 135 ° C, or of from about 40 ° C to about 130 ° C, or from about 50 ° C to about 125 ° C, or from about 60 ° C to about 120 ° C, or from about 70 ° C to about 115 ° C, or ranging from about 80 ° C to about 110 ° C, or ranging from about 90 ° C to about 105 ° C, upper and lower limits included.
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out at a temperature of
- the step of preparing a metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide or the metallation step can be carried out at a sufficiently high temperature and for a sufficient period of time so that the metallation reaction is substantially complete. .
- the metallation reaction can be carried out for a period of time ranging from about 10 hours to about 48 hours, or ranging from about 10 hours to about 24 hours, or ranging from about 12 hours to about 24 hours, upper and lower limits included.
- the metallation reaction can be carried out for a period of time ranging from approximately 12 hours to approximately 24 hours.
- the step of reacting at least one compound of Formula 1 including at least two functional groups as described above with the bis (halosulfonyl) imide of the metal of Formula 2 as defined here is a polymerization step. For example, all compatible polymerization methods are considered.
- the polymerization of the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide of Formula 2 and of at least one compound of Formula 1 can be carried out by polycondensation or by polyesterification, for example, by a Fischer esterification reaction. (or Fischer-Speier esterification) or by modified Steglich esterification.
- polycondensation may be thermal polycondensation.
- the polycondensation can be carried out by a method as described by Slavko et al. (Slavko et al., Chemical Science 8.10 (2017): 7106-7111).
- the reaction of at least one compound of Formula 1 as described above with the metal bis (halosulfonyl) imide of Formula 2 can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, for example, an organic solvent.
- a solvent for example, an organic solvent.
- the solvent can be selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, tetrachloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and a combination miscible with at least two of these.
- the solvent for the polymerization reaction is N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the solvent can also act as an activator during the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization can optionally be carried out in the presence of at least one polymerization catalyst and optionally at least one cocatalyst and / or optionally at least one acylation catalyst.
- the polymerization can also be carried out in the presence of a base and without a polymerization catalyst.
- the polymerization catalyst can be an acid catalyst (eg, a Lewis acid catalyst).
- the polymerization catalyst can be a boron-based catalyst, a boric acid-based catalyst, a boronic acid-based catalyst, or a borinic acid-based catalyst as described by Slavko et al. . (Slavko et al., Chemical Science 8.10 (2017): 7106-7111).
- Non-limiting examples of boron-based polymerization catalysts include diarylborinic acids of formula A ⁇ BOH (where Ar is an aryl group), diphenylborinic acid, phenylboronic acid, trifluorophenyl boronic acid, 9H-9-bora-10-thiaanthracene-9-ol, 10H-phenoxaborinin-10-ol, boron tribro ure (BBr3), boron trichloride (BC ), acyl fluoborates, triethyloxonium fluoborate, boron trifluoride etherate, boron trifluoride (BF 3 ), boron tris (pentafluorophenyl), and other similar boron-derived catalysts, or a similar combination of at least two of these when compatible.
- Ar is an aryl group
- diphenylborinic acid phenylboronic acid
- trifluorophenyl boronic acid 9H-9-
- the polymerization catalyst can be a nucleophilic catalyst.
- the polymerization can be catalyzed by a base such as pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and pyridine derivatives.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine (EtsN), N, N-diisopropylethylamine (iP ⁇ NEt), pyridine and pyridine derivatives.
- the base is triethylamine.
- the base can be used to deprotonate or regenerate the catalyst.
- the base can also be used to neutralize the acid released during the reaction (for example, hydrochloric acid (HCl)).
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of triethylamine, diphenylborinic acid or trifluorophenyl boronic acid, N, N-dimethylformamide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of triethylamine, diphenylborinic acid or trifluorophenyl boronic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of N, N-dimethylformamide and optionally of a base without adding a catalyst, a co-catalyst and / or an acylation catalyst.
- the polymerization can be carried out by a process as illustrated in Scheme 4:
- the process further comprises a post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step.
- a post-functionalization of the ionic polymer is carried out in anticipation of its crosslinking.
- the step of post-functionalization of the ionic polymer can therefore optionally be carried out in order to functionalize the ionic polymer by the introduction of at least one functional group as defined above, for example, a crosslinkable functional group.
- the crosslinkable functional group may be present on at least one end of the carbon chain of the ionic polymer and / or on a side chain thereof.
- At least one terminal group or one substituent in the carbon chain of the ionic polymer comprises functionalities allowing the crosslinking of said ionic polymer.
- the presence of such a functional group can contribute to the modulation of the properties of the ionic polymer.
- the optional post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step can be carried out by the reaction between at least one functional group of the ionic polymer and at least one precursor of a crosslinkable functional group.
- the crosslinkable functional group is chosen from the acrylate, methacrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-methacrylate, oxycarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl-acrylate, aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cioalkyl- groups.
- the post-functionalization reaction can be chosen from an esterification reaction and an amidation reaction.
- the post-functionalization reaction can be a Fisher esterification, a Steglich esterification, or a reaction as described in US Pat. No. 7,897,674 B2 (Zaghib et al.).
- an ionic polymer having a carbamate function can be obtained by the reaction between 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate with a functional group of the ionic polymer.
- the method further comprises a step of substituting at least one halogen atom, for example, a chlorine atom.
- the substitution step can be carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogen atoms with a nucleophilic reagent.
- the nucleophilic reagent can be a salt, for example, a lithium salt such as lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) or a silver salt such as silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF 4 ).
- the substitution step can be carried out by the nucleophilic substitution of at least one chlorine atom by an anion (for example, TFSI or BF4).
- the ionic polymer is brought into contact to react with at least one nucleophilic reagent.
- the ionic polymer can be contacted with a sufficient amount of the nucleophilic reagent at a sufficiently high temperature and for a sufficient length of time to ensure a substantially complete nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- the ionic polymer can be contacted with about 10 wt% LiTFSI at a temperature of about 40 ° C for about 2 hours to ensure a substantially complete nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- the nucleophilic reagent can then be removed by filtration and precipitation in a suitable solvent, for example, ethyl acetate or methanol.
- the process further comprises a separation or purification step.
- the separation or purification step can be carried out by known compatible separation or purification methods.
- the separation or purification step can be carried out by a molecular weight-based separation method.
- the separation or purification step can be performed by a liquid chromatography method (eg, size exclusion chromatography) or a filtration method (eg, a membrane filtration method or membrane separation).
- the separation or purification step is performed by a membrane filtration method (eg, nanofiltration or ultrafiltration).
- the separation or purification step can be performed by ultrafiltration in some embodiments.
- ultrafiltration can be performed with a membrane having a molecular weight exclusion limit (" molecular weight had off (MWCO) »in English) of 1000 DA (daltons) (or 1.66x10 15 pg), in order to separate the low molecular weight impurities (for example, less than 1000 DA) from the ionic polymer.
- the separation or purification step can be carried out before and / or after the post-functionalization or post-polymerization modification step.
- the method further comprises a coating step (also called spreading) of the polymeric composition or of a suspension comprising said ionic polymer as described above.
- said coating step can be carried out by at least one doctor blade coating method, a transfer interval coating method ("comma coating” in English), a reverse transfer interval coating method ("reverse-comma coating” in English), a printing method such as gravure (“gravure coating” in English), or a slot coating method ("slot- die coating ”in English).
- said coating step is carried out by a doctor blade coating method or a slot coating method.
- the polymeric composition or the suspension comprising the ionic polymer can be coated on a substrate or support film (for example, a substrate made of silicone, polypropylene or silicone polypropylene).
- a substrate or support film for example, a substrate made of silicone, polypropylene or silicone polypropylene.
- said substrate or support film can be subsequently removed.
- the polymeric composition or the suspension comprising the ionic polymer can be coated directly on an electrode.
- the method further comprises a step of drying the polymeric composition or the ionic polymer as defined above.
- the drying step can be carried out in order to remove any residual solvent.
- the drying step and the coating step can be carried out simultaneously and / or separately.
- the method further comprises a step of crosslinking the polymeric composition or the ionic polymer as defined above.
- at least one terminal group or one substituent on the carbon chain of the ionic polymer (for example, R 1 and / or R 2) comprises at least one functional group allowing crosslinking of the ionic polymer.
- the crosslinking step can be carried out by UV irradiation, by heat treatment, by microwave irradiation, under an electron beam, by gamma irradiation or by X-ray irradiation.
- the crosslinking step is carried out by UV irradiation.
- the crosslinking step is carried out by heat treatment.
- the crosslinking step is carried out under an electron beam.
- the crosslinking step can be carried out in the presence of a crosslinking agent, a thermal initiator, a photoinitiator, a catalyst, a plasticizer or a combination of minus two of those.
- the photoinitiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Irgacure TM 651).
- the polymeric composition and the ionic polymer can solidify after crosslinking.
- the present technology also relates to the use of a polymeric composition or of an ionic polymer as defined above in electrochemical applications.
- the polymeric composition or the ionic polymer can be used in electrochemical cells, batteries, supercapacitors (eg, a carbon-carbon supercapacitor, hybrid supercapacitors, etc.).
- the polymeric composition or the ionic polymer can be used in electrochromic materials, electrochromic cells, electrochromic devices (ECD) and electrochromic sensors such as those described in US Pat. No. 5,356,553.
- the polymeric composition as defined herein may be a solid polymer electrolyte composition.
- the polymeric composition as defined herein can be used as a component of an electrode material, for example, as a binder in an electrode material.
- the present technology therefore also relates to a solid polymer electrolyte comprising an ionic polymer as defined above or a polymeric composition as defined above (that is to say comprising an ionic polymer as defined above), wherein the ionic polymer can optionally be crosslinked if crosslinkable functional groups are present therein.
- the solid polymer electrolyte composition or the solid polymer electrolyte as defined above can also comprise at least one salt.
- the salt can be dissolved in the solid polymer electrolyte composition or in the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the salt can be an ionic salt such as a lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salt.
- the ionic salt is a lithium salt.
- Non-limiting examples of lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LÎPF 6 ), lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), 2-trifluoromethyl-4, Lithium 5-dicyano-imidazolate (LiTDI), lithium 4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazolate (LiDCTA), lithium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide (LiBETI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (L1BF4) , lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium nitrate (UNO3), lithium chloride (LiCI), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium fluor
- the lithium salt can be LiPF 6 .
- the lithium salt can be LiFSI.
- the lithium salt can be LiTFSI.
- Non-limiting examples of sodium salts include the salts described above where the lithium ion is replaced by a sodium ion.
- Non-limiting examples of potassium salts include the salts described above where the lithium ion is replaced by a potassium ion.
- Non-limiting examples of calcium salts include the salts described above where the lithium ion is replaced by a calcium ion and where the number of anions present in the salt is adjusted to the charge of the calcium ion.
- Non-limiting examples of magnesium salts include the salts described above where the lithium ion is replaced by a magnesium ion and where the number of anions present in the salt is adjusted to the charge of the magnesium ion.
- the solid polymer electrolyte composition or the solid polymer electrolyte as defined above may further optionally include additional components or additives such as ionic conductive materials, inorganic particles, glass particles. , ceramic particles (eg, nanoceramics), other similar additives, or a combination of at least two thereof.
- additional component or the additive can be chosen for its high ionic conductivity and can in particular be added in order to improve the conduction of lithium ions.
- the additional component or the additive can be chosen from compounds of NASICON, LISICON, thio-LiSICON type, garnets (“garnet” in English), of crystalline and / or amorphous form, and a combination of at least two of these.
- the solid polymer electrolyte can be in the form of a thin film.
- the film comprises at least one electrolyte layer including the solid polymer electrolyte.
- additional components or additives defined above may be included and / or substantially dispersed in the electrolytic layer or separately in an ion conductive layer, for example, deposited on the electrolytic layer.
- the present technology also relates to an electrode material comprising at least one electrochemically active material and an ionic polymer defined above or a polymeric composition as defined here (that is to say comprising an ionic polymer such as here defined).
- the ionic polymer serves as a binder in the electrode material.
- the electrode material is a positive electrode material. In another example, the electrode material is a negative electrode material.
- the electrochemically active material can be in the form of particles.
- electrochemically active materials include metal oxides, lithium metal oxides, metal phosphates, lithium metal phosphates, titanates and lithium titanates.
- the metal of the electrochemically active material can be chosen from the elements: titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) , aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), antimony (Sb) and a combination of at least two of them, when compatible.
- the metal of the electrochemically active material can be chosen from titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), nickel ( Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al) and a combination of at least two of them, when compatible.
- Non-limiting examples of electrochemically active materials also include lithium titanates and titanates (e.g. T1O 2 , L TiCh, U 4 T1 5 O 12 , FhTisOn, H 2 T1 4 O 9 and their combinations), metal phosphates and lithiated metal phosphates (for example, LiM'PC and M'PC, where M 'is selected from Fe, Ni, Mn, Mg, Co and their combinations), oxides of vanadium and oxides of vanadium and lithium (for example, UV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , UV 2 O 5 and the like), and other metal and lithium oxides of the formulas LiM ⁇ C, UMO 2 (where M "is chosen from Mn, Co, Ni and their combinations), Li (NiM"')C> 2 (where M'"is chosen from Mn, Co, Al, Fe, Cr, Ti , Zr, another similar metal and their combinations) and a combination of at least two of them, when compatible.
- LiM'PC and M'PC where M
- the electrochemically active material can optionally be doped with other elements or impurities, which can be included in smaller amounts, for example, to modulate or optimize its electrochemical properties.
- the electrochemically active material can be doped by partial substitution of the metal with other ions.
- the electrochemically active material can be doped with a transition metal (for example, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn or Y) and / or a metal other than a metal of transition (for example, Mg, Al or Sb).
- the electrochemically active material may be in the form of particles (eg, microparticles and / or nanoparticles) which may be freshly formed or from a commercial source and may further include a potting material.
- the coating material can be an electronically conductive material, for example, the coating can be a carbon coating.
- the electrode material is a negative electrode material comprising, for example, carbon coated lithium titanate (c-LTO) as an electrochemically active material.
- c-LTO carbon coated lithium titanate
- the electrode material can also optionally comprise additional components or additives such as ionic conductors, inorganic particles, glass or ceramic particles, nanoceramics (for example, Al 2 O 3, T1O 2 , S1O 2 and other similar compounds), salts (eg lithium salts) and other similar additives.
- additional component or the additive may be an ionic conductor chosen from compounds of the NASICON, LISICON, thio-LiSICON type, garnets, sulphides, sulfur halides, phosphates and thio-phosphates, in crystalline and / or amorphous form, and a combination of at least two of them.
- the electrode material as defined here may further comprise an electronically conductive material.
- an electronically conductive material include carbon black (eg, Ketjen TM carbon and Super P TM carbon), acetylene black (eg, Shawinigan carbon and Denka TM carbon black), graphite, graphene, carbon fibers (e.g., gas-formed carbon fibers (VGCFs)), carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and a combination of at least two of these this.
- the present technology also relates to an electrode comprising the electrode material as defined herein on a current collector (eg, aluminum or copper).
- a current collector eg, aluminum or copper
- the electrode can be a self-supporting electrode.
- the electrode as defined here is a positive electrode.
- the electrode as defined here is a negative electrode.
- the present technology also relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, in which at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the electrolyte comprises the ionic polymer as defined here or the same. polymeric composition as defined here.
- the present technology also relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the electrolyte is as defined herein.
- the electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte as defined here.
- the negative electrode is as defined here.
- the positive electrode is as defined here.
- the electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte as defined here and the positive electrode is as defined here.
- the present technology also relates to a battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell as defined here.
- said battery can be chosen from a lithium battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium battery, a sodium-ion battery, a magnesium battery and a magnesium-ion battery.
- the battery is a lithium battery or a lithium-ion battery.
- the battery can be an all-solid battery (for example, an all-solid lithium battery).
- the mixture was then purified by vacuum distillation at a temperature of about 180 ° C, a heat gun was used to heat the mixture.
- the distillation was carried out without circulating water in the condenser and with a cold trap filled with liquid nitrogen.
- the temperature was increased at the end of the distillation in order to make sure that it is complete.
- the distillation was stopped before the formation of smoke to avoid contamination of the product.
- Lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide was prepared by a method as shown in Scheme 6:
- FIG. 6 The synthesis of lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide was carried out in a glove box under an inert nitrogen atmosphere. 1.0 equivalent of bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide prepared in Example 1 was weighed and introduced into a previously cleaned and dried flask at a temperature of 120 ° C for 2 hours to remove all traces of residual water. The balloon was then closed with a septum. Between about 1.0 and about 1.5 equivalents of lithium chloride dissolved in anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide was added to the flask using a needle through the septum.
- the flask was then taken out of the glove box and placed under a constant flow of nitrogen at a temperature of about 100 ° C for about 24 hours in order to ensure complete lithiation of the mixture and activation of the bis ( lithium chlorosulfonyl) imide by N, N-dimethylformamide.
- Example 2 The mixture comprising lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide prepared in Example 2 was cooled in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The septum was then removed and the neck of the flask was then washed with solvent to collect as much product as possible. The balloon was then closed with a new septum.
- reaction mixture was then cooled, filtered and precipitated from ethyl acetate.
- the reaction mixture was placed in an ice bath for about 30 minutes and then decanted.
- the obtained polymer was then dissolved in a mixture of solvents comprising isopropanol and acetone (volume ratio 2: 8) and placed in the freezer for about 1 hour. The mixture was then filtered to remove residues of triethylamine chloride. The solvent was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of about 60 ° C. Finally, the polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- Polymer 1 thus obtained was then dissolved in 400 mL of water and filtered for about 7 hours by ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight exclusion limit of 1000 DA.
- the substitution of chlorine atoms was carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction using silver tetrafluoroborate as the nucleophilic reagent.
- the determination of the chloride ions present in Polymer 1 was carried out by the method of Mohr in order to calculate the necessary quantity of silver tetrafluoroborate.
- the necessary amount of silver tetrafluoroborate was then dissolved in a minimum amount of water and added to a solution comprising 1 g of Polymer 1 dissolved in 20 mL of water. The solution was then stirred for about 15 minutes at room temperature. part then filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate thus obtained was then evaporated to dryness.
- the substitution was confirmed by fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19 fluorine NMR).
- Example 3 (a) 4 g of the polymer prepared in Example 3 (a) was dissolved in 25 mL of anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide. 1 mL of 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate was then added to the solution and the resulting mixture was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of about 50 ° C for about 5 to 12 hours. 5 mL of methanol was then added to the solution and it was cooled to room temperature.
- Polymer 2 was then dissolved in 400 mL of water and filtered by ultrafiltration for about 7 hours with a membrane having a molecular weight exclusion limit of 1000 DA. Polymer 2 was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- proton nuclear magnetic resonance proton nuclear magnetic resonance
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Figure 1 shows the results of the analysis by size exclusion chromatography obtained for Polymer 2. The results were obtained in order to determine the average molecular weight of Polymer 2 (g / mol). The size exclusion chromatography was carried out with a refractive index (RI) detector and at a flow rate of 0.90 mL.min 1 . The size exclusion chromatography results obtained with Polymer 2 are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
- RI refractive index
- Figure 2 shows a proton NMR spectrum obtained for Polymer 2.
- the lithium concentration of Polymer 2 was then determined. 30% by weight of a modified ion exchange resin marketed under the trademark DOWEX® was then added to the solution. The suspension thus obtained was then stirred for a period of about 12 hours at room temperature and then filtered. The filtrate thus obtained was evaporated to dryness and dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of about 65 ° C for about 24 hours. The concentration of lithium in the polymer was determined by lithium nuclear magnetic resonance ( 7 Li NMR) relative to a standard solution of lithium chloride.
- Said modified ion exchange resin was obtained by the following method: A glass column was filled with 30 g of Dowex® 50WX8 (H + ) resin and wetted with 2 M aqueous lithium hydroxide solution. was rinsed until a basic pH was reached at the end of the column. Subsequently, the resin thus modified was washed with ultrapure water until a neutral pH was obtained and then washed with 300 ml of methanol. The resin was then oven dried at a temperature of about 60 ° C for about 12 hours.
- the modified ion exchange resin can be prepared by stirring 30 g of Dowex® 50WX8 (H + ) resin in 300 mL of a 2 M aqueous lithium hydroxide solution for about 12 hours and then filtering the mixture. suspension thus obtained. The resin thus modified is then washed and dried as described above.
- the mixture comprising the lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide of Example 2 was cooled in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The septum was then removed and the neck of the flask was then washed with solvent to collect as much product as possible. The balloon was then closed with a new septum.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled, filtered and precipitated from ethyl acetate.
- the reaction mixture was placed in an ice bath for about 30 minutes and then decanted.
- the polymer was then dissolved in a mixture of solvents comprising isopropanol and acetone (volume ratio 2: 8) and placed in the freezer for about 1 hour.
- the mixture was then filtered to remove residues of triethylamine chloride.
- the solvent was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- the polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- the polymer thus obtained (Polymer 3) was then dissolved in 400 mL of water and filtered by ultrafiltration for about 7 hours with a membrane having a molecular weight exclusion limit of 1000 DA. Substitution of chlorine atoms was then carried out by the method described in Example 3 (a).
- Polymer 4 was prepared by post-functionalization of Polymer 3 presented in Example 3 (c) in order to introduce crosslinkable groups.
- Polymer 4 was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and the results are shown in Figure 4. Size exclusion chromatography was performed with a refractive index detector and at a flow rate of 0.80 mL.min 1 . The size exclusion chromatography results obtained with Polymer 4 are also presented in Tables 3 and 4.
- the lithium concentration of Polymer 4 was also determined by the method described in Example 3 (b).
- the mixture comprising the lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide of Example 2 was cooled in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The septum was then removed and the neck of the flask was then washed with solvent to collect as much product as possible. The balloon was then closed with a new septum.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled, filtered and precipitated from ethyl acetate.
- the reaction mixture was placed in an ice bath for about 30 minutes and subsequently decanted.
- the polymer was then dissolved in a mixture of solvents comprising isopropanol and acetone (volume ratio 2: 8) and placed in the freezer for about 1 hour.
- the mixture was then filtered to remove residues of triethylamine chloride.
- the solvent was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- the polymer was dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
- the polymer thus obtained (Polymer 5) was then dissolved in 400 mL of water and filtered by ultrafiltration for about 7 hours with a membrane having a molecular weight exclusion limit of 1000 DA.
- Polymer 5 was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), by fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance ( 19 F NMR), and by differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC).
- Figure 5 shows a proton NMR spectrum obtained for a polymer obtained by the polymerization of diethylene glycol with lithium bis (chlorosulfonyl) imide prepared in Example 2, for example, by the process as described in Example 3 (To).
- Figures 6 to 8 show respectively the proton NMR spectrum, the carbon 13 NMR spectrum and the fluorine NMR spectrum obtained for Polymer 5.
- Polymer 6 was prepared by post-functionalization of Polymer 5 presented in Example 3 (e) in order to introduce crosslinkable groups.
- Example 4 - Ionic conductivity Examples 4 (a) to 4 (d) relate to the preparation of polymer films for measuring the ionic conductivity of polymers as defined here by the method as described in the present application, while Examples 4 (e) and 4 (f) are for comparison. a) Preparation of the polymer film comprising Polymer 1
- the suspension was then applied to a substrate or backing film using a hot plate coating system (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s -1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the suspension thus obtained was then applied to a substrate or support film using a coating system with a heating plate (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s -1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the polymer film was then dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C for 48 hours to remove the residual solvent.
- the polymer film was placed in a polycarbonate (lexan) box under an inert helium atmosphere to reduce the presence of oxygen and humidity.
- the polymer film was then irradiated for 5 minutes with UV light (254 nm wavelength) placed at a distance of about 5 cm from the polymer film.
- the polymer film was then removed from the surface of the substrate or backing film.
- the resulting suspension was then applied to a substrate or backing film using a hot plate coating system (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s -1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the polymer film was then dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C for 48 hours to remove the residual solvent.
- the polymer film was placed in a polycarbonate (lexan) box under an inert helium atmosphere to reduce the presence of oxygen and humidity.
- the polymer film was then irradiated for 5 minutes with UV light (254 nm wavelength) placed at a distance of about 5 cm from the polymer film.
- the resulting suspension was then applied to a substrate or backing film using a hot plate coating system (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s 1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the polymer film was then dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C for 48 hours to remove the residual solvent.
- the polymer film was placed in a polycarbonate (lexan) box under an inert helium atmosphere to reduce the presence of oxygen and humidity.
- the polymer film was then irradiated for 5 minutes with UV light (254 nm wavelength) placed at a distance of about 5 cm from the polymer film.
- the resulting suspension was then applied to a substrate or backing film using a hot plate coating system (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s -1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the polymer film was then dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C for 48 hours to remove the residual solvent.
- the polymer film was placed in a polycarbonate (lexan) box under an inert helium atmosphere in order to reduce the presence of oxygen and humidity.
- the Polymer film was then irradiated for 5 minutes with UV light (254nm wavelength) placed at a distance of about 5cm from the polymer film.
- the resulting suspension was then applied to a substrate or backing film using a hot plate coating system (Erichsen testing instruments) with a slit opening of 3 mils and at a speed of 15 mm. s 1 .
- the polymer film thus obtained was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. directly during the coating.
- the polymer film was then dried under vacuum in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C for 48 hours to remove the residual solvent.
- the polymer film was placed in a polycarbonate (lexan) box under an inert helium atmosphere to reduce the presence of oxygen and humidity.
- the polymer film was then irradiated for 5 minutes with UV light (254 nm wavelength) placed at a distance of about 5 cm from the polymer film.
- the polymer film was then removed from the surface of the substrate or backing film.
- the preparation of the symmetrical cells comprising the polymer films prepared in Examples 4 (a) to 4 (f) was entirely carried out in an anhydrous chamber with a dew point of about -55 ° C.
- the symmetrical cells were assembled in a button cell configuration.
- the polymer films were placed between two electrodes of stainless steel blocking with an active area of 2.01 cm 2 .
- the symmetrical cells were assembled according to the configurations shown in Table 5.
- Example 4 The ionic conductivity measurements of the symmetrical cells of Example 4 (g) were performed by AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy recorded with a VPM3 multichannel potentiostat. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed between 200 mHz and 1 MHz over a temperature range of 20 ° C to 80 ° C (up and down, every 5 ° C).
- Equation 1 where, s is the ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ), I is the thickness of the polymer film placed between the two stainless steel blocking electrodes, A is the contact surface between the polymer and the two stainless steel electrodes and R t is the total resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
- the graphs in Figures 10 to 15 respectively present the results of ionic conductivity (S. cm -1 ) measured as a function of temperature (K -1 ) for the symmetrical cells (Cells 1 to 6) assembled in Example 4 (g ).
- Figure 10 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 1.97 x 10 -5 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 1 as described in Example 4 (g).
- Figure 11 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 2.65 x 10 5 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 2 as described in Example 4 (g).
- Figure 12 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 5.37 x 10 5 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 3 as described in Example 4 (g).
- Figure 13 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 3.25 x 10 4 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 4 as described in Example 4 (g).
- Figure 14 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 1.65 x 10 4 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 5 as described in Example 4 (g) (comparative ).
- Figure 15 shows that an ionic conductivity value of 1.90 x 10 -4 S. cm -1 was obtained at a temperature of 50 ° C for Cell 6 as described in Example 4 (g) ( comparative).
- Example 5 Cyclic voltammetry a) Preparation of the polymer films for the measurements of cyclic voltammetry The results of cyclic voltammetry were obtained for the polymers prepared in Examples 3 (b) and 3 (f) as well as for the polymers as described in the patents US'674 and US'174 and for a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for comparison.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the polymers prepared in Examples 3 (b) and 3 (f) and the comparative polymers were dissolved in a mixture of solvents comprising water and methanol (80:20 by volume).
- Ketjen TM black was added to the blends in a ratio of polymer: Ketjen TM black (5: 1 by weight). The mixtures thus obtained were then mixed using a ball mill in order to adequately disperse and grind the Ketjen TM black agglomerates.
- the viscosity of the mixtures thus obtained was adjusted with the mixture of solvents comprising water and methanol (80:20 by volume).
- the mixtures thus obtained were then applied to carbon-coated aluminum current collectors using a doctor-blade coating system with a heating plate.
- the polymer films thus obtained were dried at a temperature of 70 ° C directly during the coating.
- the preparation of the symmetrical cells comprising the polymer films prepared in Example 5 (a) was entirely carried out in an anhydrous chamber with a dew point of approximately -55 ° C.
- the symmetrical cells were assembled in a button cell configuration with an active area of 2.01 cm 2 .
- the symmetrical cells were assembled according to the configurations shown in Table 6.
- Example 5 (b) The electrochemical oxidation stability of symmetrical cells as described in Example 5 (b) was measured using a VMP-3 type potentiostat.
- Figure 16 shows the cyclic voltammetry results obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) (solid line) recorded at a scan rate of 0.067 mV / s between 2.7 V and 4.3 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 16 also shows the cyclic voltammetry results obtained for Cell 8 (comparative cell) (dashed line) recorded at a sweep speed of 0.05 mV / s between 2.7 V and 4.3 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 17 shows the cyclic voltammetry results obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) recorded at a sweep speed of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 17 shows that the oxidation of the polymer starts at a potential of about 4.37 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 18 shows the cyclic voltammetry results obtained for Cell 9 (solid line) and for Cell 10 (dashed line) recorded at a sweep speed of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 19 shows the cyclic voltammetry results obtained for Cell 7 (comparative cell) (double dot dash line), for Cell 10 (dashed dot line), for Cell 9 (dashed line) and for Cell 11 (dashed cell) comparison) (solid line) recorded at a sweep rate of 0.067 mV / s between 2.5 V and 5 V vs Li / Li + .
- Figure 19 shows the results obtained during the first cycle.
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EP21743892.8A EP4093805A4 (fr) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | Polymères à base de monomères ioniques, les compositions les comprenant, leurs procédés de fabrication et leur utilisation dans des applications électrochimiques |
JP2022544291A JP2023511906A (ja) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | イオン性モノマーをベースとするポリマー、これを含む組成物、これを製造する方法、および電気化学的用途におけるその使用 |
US17/758,365 US20230323029A1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | Polymers based on ionic monomers, compositions comprising same, methods for manufacturing same, and use thereof in electrochemical applications |
CA3163834A CA3163834A1 (fr) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | Polymeres a base de monomeres ioniques, les compositions les comprenant, leurs procedes de fabrication et leur utilisation dans des applications electrochimiques |
KR1020227029291A KR20220133935A (ko) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | 이온성 모노머에 기반하는 폴리머, 이를 포함하는 조성물, 이를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 전기화학적 응용에의 이의 용도 |
CN202180010617.XA CN115038738B (zh) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-01-22 | 基于离子单体的聚合物、包含其的组合物、其制造方法及其在电化学应用中的用途 |
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US62/977,521 | 2020-02-17 | ||
EP20206000.0 | 2020-11-05 | ||
EP20206000.0A EP3854835A1 (fr) | 2020-01-24 | 2020-11-05 | Compositions polymères comprenant au moins un polymère à base de monomères ioniques, leurs procédés de fabrication et leur utilisation dans des applications électrochimiques |
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CN114181240A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-15 | 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 | 一种双草酸硼酸锂的制备方法 |
WO2023193179A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Pâte d'électrode positive, feuille d'électrode positive, batterie secondaire comprenant ladite feuille d'électrode positive, et module de batterie |
JP7517436B2 (ja) | 2020-08-28 | 2024-07-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 高分子固体電解質およびその製造方法、ならびに電気化学デバイス |
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CN113174098B (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-08-19 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种防水解硼酸基微波介质聚合物陶瓷材料及其制备方法 |
CN113980038B (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-12-12 | 江苏科技大学 | 六角双锥型单核镝化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114267873B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-06-18 | 上海科技大学 | 一种固态电解质及全固态锂金属电池的快速烧结制备方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7517436B2 (ja) | 2020-08-28 | 2024-07-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 高分子固体電解質およびその製造方法、ならびに電気化学デバイス |
CN114181240A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-15 | 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 | 一种双草酸硼酸锂的制备方法 |
CN114181240B (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-09-22 | 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 | 一种双草酸硼酸锂的制备方法 |
WO2023193179A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Pâte d'électrode positive, feuille d'électrode positive, batterie secondaire comprenant ladite feuille d'électrode positive, et module de batterie |
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CA3163834A1 (fr) | 2021-07-29 |
JP2023511906A (ja) | 2023-03-23 |
EP4093805A1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 |
EP3854835A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 |
EP4093805A4 (fr) | 2023-07-12 |
CN115038738A (zh) | 2022-09-09 |
CN115038738B (zh) | 2024-06-21 |
US20230323029A1 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
KR20220133935A (ko) | 2022-10-05 |
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