WO2021143506A1 - 多功能熔断器 - Google Patents

多功能熔断器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143506A1
WO2021143506A1 PCT/CN2020/140513 CN2020140513W WO2021143506A1 WO 2021143506 A1 WO2021143506 A1 WO 2021143506A1 CN 2020140513 W CN2020140513 W CN 2020140513W WO 2021143506 A1 WO2021143506 A1 WO 2021143506A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
conductive
conductive terminal
circuit
terminal
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/140513
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐芸湘
李亚飞
郑雷
林艳红
张亭
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP20913815.5A priority Critical patent/EP4089711A4/en
Priority to JP2022543151A priority patent/JP7368631B2/ja
Priority to US17/792,938 priority patent/US11798768B2/en
Priority to KR1020227027873A priority patent/KR20220122768A/ko
Priority to BR112022013999A priority patent/BR112022013999A2/pt
Publication of WO2021143506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143506A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/048—Fuse resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2231/00—Applications
    • H01H2231/026—Car
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0013—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse
    • H01H85/0021—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse water or dustproof devices
    • H01H85/003—Means for preventing damage, e.g. by ambient influences to the fuse water or dustproof devices casings for the fusible element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/12—Two or more separate fusible members in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/18—Casing fillings, e.g. powder

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a multifunctional fuse.
  • the pre-charging resistor is a resistor that slowly charges high-voltage electrical components such as capacitors at the initial stage of the vehicle's high-voltage power-on. If there is no pre-charging resistor, high-voltage electricity will be directly applied to the high-voltage electrical components to cause charging Excessive current will damage high-voltage electrical components. Therefore, it is necessary to add a pre-charge resistor when designing the pre-charge circuit to ensure the safety of the high-voltage circuit.
  • the high-voltage part adopts a unified power supply, and the voltage, current and power in each high-voltage circuit affect each other.
  • each high-voltage circuit and the main circuit Separate current fuses are installed to cut off the circuit in time when short-circuit and over-current faults occur in each high-voltage circuit, so as not to damage other electrical components in the entire high-voltage circuit.
  • the pre-charging resistor and the fuse are large in size and costly.
  • the present application provides a multifunctional fuse to solve the problems of large volume and high cost of high-voltage circuits, pre-charging resistors and fuses in the prior art.
  • the present application provides a multifunctional fuse, the multifunctional fuse includes a melt, a precharge resistor and an inner shell;
  • the inner shell is provided with an accommodation cavity, the melt is accommodated in the accommodation cavity, and the pre-charging resistor is wound around the inner shell and abuts against the inner shell.
  • the multifunctional fuse further includes an outer shell, the outer shell is sleeved on the outer side of the inner shell and forms a gap with the inner shell, and the precharge resistor is accommodated in Within the gap.
  • the multifunctional fuse further includes a first conductive terminal and a second conductive terminal, and the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal are respectively connected to both ends of the inner housing to seal the ⁇ Containment cavity.
  • the multifunctional fuse further includes a crimping terminal
  • the outer shell is provided with a crimping hole for the crimping terminal to pass through
  • the pre-charging resistor includes a first connecting end and a second connecting terminal. A connecting end, the first connecting end is connected to the first conductive terminal, and the second connecting end is connected to one end of the crimping terminal.
  • the gap is filled with a first filler.
  • the first conductive terminal includes a first conductive section and a second conductive section bent and connected with the first conductive section, and the first conductive section is used to connect the first
  • the conductive terminal is fixed to the first end of the inner casing, so that the first conductive terminal covers the opening of the receiving cavity at the first end, and the second conductive section is used to connect with the first conductor ;
  • the second conductive terminal includes a third conductive section and a fourth conductive section that is bent and connected to the third conductive section, and the third conductive section is used to fix the second conductive terminal to the
  • the second end of the inner casing is such that the second conductive terminal covers the opening of the receiving cavity at the second end, and the fourth connecting section is used for connecting with the second conductor.
  • the second connecting section is provided with a first installation groove
  • the first installation groove is used for fixed connection with the first conductor
  • the fourth connecting section is provided with a second installation groove
  • the second installation slot is used for fixed connection with the second conductor
  • the first safety slot is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second installation slot.
  • the second connecting section is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is used for fixed connection with the first conductor, and the fourth connecting section is provided with a second through hole, The second through hole is used for fixed connection with the second conductor.
  • a second filler is filled between the receiving cavity and the melt.
  • the precharge resistor is a resistance wire, and the resistance wire is wound around the inner casing.
  • the multifunctional fuse of the present application integrates the pre-charging resistor and the melt, that is, when the pre-charging circuit is working, the pre-charging resistor can be energized first to increase the resistance of the pre-charging circuit, thereby reducing the pre-charging circuit’s resistance.
  • the charging flow ensures the safety of the pre-charging circuit, so as to ensure that when the high-voltage circuit is connected, the current flowing through the high-voltage circuit is within the threshold range of the safe current.
  • the pre-charging circuit is disconnected and the high-voltage circuit is connected, the pre-charging is blocked and the melt is energized, so that when an instantaneous large current occurs in the high-voltage circuit, the melt itself heats up and fuses to achieve its fuse protection performance.
  • the multifunctional fuse effectively avoids the problem of the large internal space occupied by the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse separately, so that the performance of the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse remains unchanged.
  • the multi-function fuse not only has the pre-charge protection function, but also has the over-current and short-circuit protection functions, which is conducive to the performance of the diversified multi-function fuse.
  • the integrated setting saves production costs and helps improve production efficiency. Because of the greatly reduced volume and weight, it is more conducive to adapting to the compact layout of the vehicle interior, with strong flexibility and a wide range of applications.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional fuse provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the multifunctional fuse shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the inner shell, the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal of the multifunctional fuse shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner housing shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the melt of the multifunctional fuse shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a partial structural diagram of the multifunctional fuse shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the precharge resistor of the multifunctional fuse shown in FIG. 1.
  • the high-voltage electrical appliances of the high-voltage system have large high-voltage capacitors. If the high-voltage battery pack directly supplies power to the high-voltage electrical appliances, the main relay will directly power the high-voltage capacitors because there is no charge or only a small amount of charge on the high-voltage capacitors. It is connected with the high-voltage capacitor, so that the high voltage of the high-voltage battery pack will be directly loaded on the high-voltage capacitor, which is equivalent to an instant short circuit. Excessive short-circuit current will cause damage to the high-voltage electrical appliances.
  • the pre-charging resistor is a necessary electrical component to slowly charge the high-voltage capacitor.
  • each high-voltage circuit After disconnecting the pre-charging circuit, the high-voltage battery pack will supply power to each high-voltage circuit in the high-voltage circuit. Since each high-voltage circuit is equipped with a high-voltage electrical appliance, the voltage, current and power in each high-voltage circuit affect each other. In order to reduce the mutual involvement of each high-voltage circuit when a high-voltage fault occurs, each high-voltage circuit is equipped with a separate current fuse, so that when each high-voltage circuit has a short circuit or an over-current fault, it will be blown in time to cut off the circuit to avoid damage to the entire circuit. Other high-voltage circuits in high-voltage circuits. In the existing high-voltage circuit, the pre-charging resistor and the fuse are bulky and costly.
  • the present application provides a multifunctional fuse 100, which is connected to a high-voltage circuit, on the one hand to realize the function of pre-charge protection, on the other hand, realize the function of short-circuit and over-current protection .
  • the high-voltage circuit has a plurality of high-voltage circuits connected in parallel, and each high-voltage circuit is actually a power supply circuit of a battery to a high-voltage electrical appliance.
  • High-voltage electrical appliances have high-voltage capacitors. When supplying power to high-voltage electrical appliances, the high-voltage capacitors need to be charged first to avoid high current directly impacting the high-voltage capacitors and causing damage to the high-voltage electrical appliances. In other words, it is necessary to design a pre-charge circuit to charge the high-voltage capacitor.
  • the battery After disconnecting the pre-charging circuit, the battery will supply power to each high-voltage circuit in the high-voltage circuit. Because the voltage, current and power in each high-voltage loop affect each other. In order to reduce the mutual involvement of each high-voltage circuit when a high-voltage fault occurs, a separate current fuse is installed in each high-voltage circuit to blow the current fuse in time to cut off the circuit when a short circuit or an over-current fault occurs in each high-voltage circuit. , So as not to damage other high-voltage circuits in the entire high-voltage circuit.
  • high-voltage electrical appliances can be a DC-DC converter (Direct current-Direct current converter, DC-DC converter), on-board charger (OBC), air-conditioning compressor (Positive Temperature Coefficient), Electrical appliances such as motor controllers (Motor Control Unit, MCU), high-voltage power distribution boxes (Power Distributor Unit, PDU), oil pumps, and water pumps.
  • the high-voltage electrical appliances are arranged in the high-voltage circuit and the pre-charging circuit. In other words, when the pre-charging circuit is connected, the battery charges the high-voltage capacitors of the high-voltage electrical appliances to adjust the voltage flowing through the high-voltage electrical appliances. Current.
  • the pre-charge circuit is disconnected and the high-voltage circuit is connected.
  • the current flowing through the high-voltage electrical appliances is a safe current, which effectively ensures that the high-voltage electrical appliances will not be impacted by large currents. And cause damage.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 includes a melt 10, a precharge resistor 20 and an inner shell 30; the inner shell is provided with a receiving cavity 31, and the melt 10 is accommodated In the accommodating cavity 31, the pre-charging resistor 20 is arranged on the outside of the inner casing and is close to the inner casing 30.
  • the pre-charging resistor 20 is used in series in the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage circuit, and is energized to work when the pre-charging circuit is connected to increase the resistance of the pre-charging circuit, and the melt 10 is used in the series connecting to the high-voltage circuit. In the high-voltage circuit, it is energized to work after the pre-charge circuit is disconnected to realize short-circuit and overcurrent protection of the high-voltage circuit.
  • the precharging resistor 20 of the multifunctional fuse 100 is the precharging resistor of the precharging circuit described above, that is, the precharging resistor 20 is connected with the precharging relay and connected in series in the precharging circuit of the high-voltage circuit together.
  • the melt 10 of the multifunctional fuse 100 can realize the fuse protection function of the current fuse of the high-voltage circuit described above, that is, the melt 10 is the core component of the current fuse of the high-voltage circuit described above, which is connected in series. In the high-voltage circuit, in order to realize the over-current and short-circuit protection of high-voltage electrical appliances.
  • the precharging resistor 20 can be energized first to increase the resistance of the precharging circuit, thereby reducing the precharging current of the precharging circuit, and ensuring The safety of the pre-charge circuit ensures that the current flowing through the high-voltage circuit is within the safe current threshold range when the high-voltage circuit is connected.
  • the pre-charging resistor 20 When the pre-charging circuit is disconnected and the high-voltage circuit is connected, the pre-charging resistor 20 is disconnected and the melt 10 is energized to work, so that when an instantaneous large current occurs in the high-voltage circuit, the melt 10 itself heats up and fuses, realizing its fuse protection The performance, and then realize the short circuit and overcurrent protection of the high-voltage circuit.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 effectively avoids the problem of the large internal space occupied by the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse being separately provided, so that the performance of the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse remains unchanged.
  • the multi-function fuse 100 Being able to be integrated on a multi-function fuse 100, on the one hand, the multi-function fuse 100 not only has the pre-charge protection function, but also has the over-current and short-circuit protection functions, which is beneficial to the use performance of the diversified multi-function fuse 100.
  • the integrated setting saves production costs and helps improve production efficiency. Because of the greatly reduced volume and weight, it is more conducive to adapting to the compact layout of the vehicle interior, with strong flexibility and a wide range of applications.
  • the judgment condition for the completion of precharging of the precharging circuit can be designed according to the actual situation. This application does not make specific restrictions on this.
  • the judgment condition for whether the precharging is completed can be whether it reaches 90% of the battery voltage. When it reaches 90% of the battery voltage, it is judged that the precharge is completed. At this time, the precharge circuit is disconnected, that is, the precharge resistor 20 is powered off.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 further includes an outer housing 40, the outer housing 40 is sleeved on the outside of the inner housing 30 and forms a gap with the inner housing 30, and the precharge resistor 20 is accommodated in the gap.
  • the outer shell 40 may also be formed by coating the outside of the inner shell 30 and covering the precharge resistor 20, that is, there is no gap between the outer shell and the inner shell.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 further includes a first conductive terminal 33 and a second conductive terminal 34
  • the inner housing 30 includes a first end 301 and a first end 301 and The first end 302, the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 are respectively connected to the first end 301 and the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 to cooperate with the sealing cavity 31.
  • the opposite ends of the melt 10 are respectively connected to the first end 301 and the second end 302.
  • a conductive terminal 33 is connected to the second conductive terminal 34.
  • the inner housing 30 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the first end 301 and the second end 302 are both provided with openings, that is, the receiving cavity 31 formed by the inner housing 30 is
  • the structure capable of penetrating with the external environment makes the inner housing 30 a cavity structure capable of penetrating with the external environment.
  • the inner shell 30 is made of an insulating material with thermal conductivity.
  • the inner shell 30 made of insulating material has better pressure-bearing, heat-conducting and temperature-resistant performance, and can quickly remove the melt 10 contained in the inner shell 30. Dissipating heat to the external environment is beneficial to improve the stability of the melt 10 during operation.
  • the material of the inner shell 30 may be ceramics, refractory plastics, or the like. Those skilled in the art can select the material of the inner shell 30 according to the actual situation, as long as it meets the insulating material and has good pressure-bearing and heat-conducting performance, and this application does not specifically limit this.
  • the melt 10 contained in the receiving cavity 31 of the inner shell 30 is the main working element that realizes the fusing function of the multifunctional fuse 100.
  • the melt 10 has the characteristics of relatively low melting point, stable characteristics, and easy fusing. It is equivalent to a special wire connected in series with the high-voltage circuit. When the high-voltage circuit is short-circuited or overcurrent, the current passing through the high-voltage circuit is too large, and the melt 10 melts due to overheating, thereby cutting off the high-voltage circuit.
  • the melt 10 may be made of metal materials such as lead-tin alloy, silver-plated copper sheet, zinc, silver, etc., and it may be in the shape of a wire, a grid, or a sheet. In the embodiment of the present application, the melt 10 is in the shape of a sheet with several narrow necks. Of course, in other embodiments, the melt 10 may also have other shapes, which is not limited here.
  • the first conductive terminal 33 is provided at the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 , So that one end of the melt 10 contained in the receiving cavity 31 can be connected to the first conductive terminal 33, and the second conductive terminal 34 is provided at the second end 302 of the inner housing 30, so that the melt contained in the receiving cavity 31 can be connected to the first conductive terminal 33.
  • the other end of the body 10 can be connected to the second conductive terminal 34, so that both ends of the melt 10 can be connected to the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 respectively.
  • 34 is made of a conductive material with low resistivity, good thermal conductivity and a certain strength.
  • the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 can actually be regarded as metal conductors, so that the melt 10 can be made of metal conductors. Connected in series to the high-voltage circuit, when the overload or short-circuit current passes through the melt 10, it will cause self-heating and fuse, so that the high-voltage circuit can be cut off.
  • the structure is simple, easy to use, and has a wide range of applications. It can be understood that the shape and size of the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 can be adjusted according to actual installation requirements.
  • connection between the melt 10 and the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 is an electrical connection and a physical connection, thereby realizing the dual functions of conducting current and improving the fastening force, and ensuring that the melt 10 will not fall off. It has good installation stability and electrical conductivity, and can make sufficient preparations for the smooth realization of the fuse protection function when large currents are passed subsequently, which is beneficial to improve the safety and reliability of the high-voltage circuit.
  • the first conductive terminal 33 includes a first conductive section 331 and a second conductive section 332 that is bent and connected to the first conductive section 331.
  • the first conductive section 331 is used to connect
  • the first conductive terminal 33 is fixed to the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 so that the first conductive terminal 33 covers the opening of the receiving cavity 31 at the first end 301, and the second conductive section 332 is used to connect with the first conductor ( Figure Not shown) connection.
  • the first connecting section 331 is a structure that matches the shape of the first end 301 of the inner housing 30, so that the first connecting section 331 can be aligned with the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 to encapsulate the inner housing.
  • the size (length * width) of the opening provided at the first end 301 of the inner shell 30 is smaller than the size (length * width) of the first connecting section 331, so that the first end 301 of the inner shell 30
  • the end surface can provide a suitable installation area for installing the first connecting section 331, ensuring that the first connecting section 331 can have a sufficient contact area with the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 to be fast and firmly fixed to the inner housing 30 of the first end 301.
  • the first connecting section 331 is fixed to the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 by screws, and the screw connection makes the first conductive terminal 33 and the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 detachably connected.
  • the first connecting section 331 may also be fixed to the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 by other means, as long as it can encapsulate the first end 301 of the inner housing 30 and has A good fixing effect is sufficient, and this application does not make specific restrictions on this.
  • a second conductive section 332 is provided to provide installation margin for the connection between the first conductive terminal 33 and other electrical components, and a second conductive section is provided.
  • the bending of the 332 relative to the first connecting section 331 can adapt to the compact layout of the interior space of the entire vehicle, thereby further improving the installation stability and reliability of the first conductive terminal 33.
  • the second guiding section 332 and the first guiding section 331 are bent at a right angle.
  • the second guiding section 332 and the first guiding section 331 may also be curved. Shape bending, or bending in other geometric shapes, or compound bending in a variety of geometric shapes. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
  • the second connecting section 332 is provided with a first mounting slot 333, and the first mounting slot 333 is used for fixed connection with the first conductor.
  • the first installation groove 333 is a U-shaped groove, and the notch of the first installation groove 333 penetrates the edge of one side of the second guide section 332, so that the first installation groove 333 can be easily connected to the first installation groove 333.
  • the conductors are fixedly connected.
  • the first conductor can be a conductive copper bar in the high-voltage circuit, or other electrical components in the high-voltage circuit
  • the fixed connection can be a snap connection or a threaded connection.
  • the second conductive terminal 34 includes a third conductive section 341 and a fourth conductive section 342 that is bent and connected to the third conductive section 341.
  • the third conductive section 341 is used to connect the The two conductive terminals 34 are fixed to the second end 302 of the inner casing 30 so that the second conductive terminal 34 covers the opening of the receiving cavity 31 at the second end 302, and the fourth conductive section 342 is used for connecting with the second conductor.
  • the third connecting section 341 is a structure that matches the shape of the second end 302 of the inner housing 30, so that the third connecting section 341 can be aligned with the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 to encapsulate the inner housing 30.
  • the second end 302. the size (length * width) of the opening provided at the second end 302 of the inner casing 30 is smaller than the size (length * width) of the third connecting section 341, so that the second end 302 of the inner casing 30
  • the end surface can provide a suitable installation area for installing the third guiding section 341, ensuring that the third guiding section 341 can have a sufficient contact area with the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 and be fast and firmly fixed to the inner housing 30 of the second end 302.
  • the third connecting section 341 is fixed to the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 by screws, and the screw connection is such that the first conductive terminal 33 is detachably connected to the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 , So that when the melt 10 in the receiving cavity 31 of the inner casing 30 is blown, the melt 10 can be replaced by the disassembly and assembly of the first conductive terminal 33. In addition, the melt 10 can be replaced in time when the first conductive terminal 33 fails. Replacement to ensure the stability and reliability of the multifunction fuse 100, strong flexibility, and a wide range of applications.
  • the third connecting section 341 can also be fixed to the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 by other means, as long as it can encapsulate the second end 302 of the inner housing 30 and has A good fixing effect is sufficient, and this application does not make specific restrictions on this.
  • a fourth conductive section 342 is provided to provide installation margin for the connection between the second conductive terminal 34 and other electrical components, and a fourth conductive section is provided.
  • the bending of the 342 relative to the third connecting section 341 can adapt to the compact layout of the vehicle interior space, thereby further improving the installation stability and reliability of the second conductive terminal 34.
  • the fourth guiding section 342 and the third guiding section 341 are bent at a right angle.
  • the fourth guiding section 342 and the third guiding section 341 may also be curved. Shape bending, or bending in other geometric shapes, or compound bending in a variety of geometric shapes. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
  • the fourth connecting section 342 is provided with a second mounting slot 343, and the second mounting slot 343 is used for fixed connection with the second conductor.
  • the second installation groove 343 is a U-shaped groove, and the notch of the second installation groove 343 penetrates the edge of one side of the fourth guide section 342, so that the second installation groove 343 can be easily connected to the second installation groove 343.
  • the conductors are fixedly connected.
  • the second conductor can be a conductive copper bar in the high-voltage circuit, or other electrical components in the high-voltage circuit
  • the fixed connection can be a snap connection or a threaded connection.
  • the bending directions of the second guiding section 332 and the fourth guiding section 342 are opposite.
  • the second guide section 332 and the fourth guide section 342 respectively extend in the same reference direction (X direction or Y direction) toward the positive and negative directions, which can greatly reduce the need to avoid extending toward each other.
  • the extension direction of the first safety groove 333 and the second installation groove 343 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the direction of the notch of the first mounting groove 333 is different from the direction of the notch of the second mounting groove 343, which can effectively prevent the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 from moving back and forth due to excessive left and right mounting tolerances. , Can improve the stability and reliability of the installation.
  • the second connecting section 332 may also be provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole is used for fixed connection with the first conductor, and the fourth connecting section 342 may also be provided with a second through hole.
  • the second through hole is used for fixed connection with the second conductor.
  • Both the first through hole and the second through hole are circular through holes, and the circular through holes are arranged to be fixedly connected with the first conductor and the second conductor, which has good detachability and stability.
  • the receiving cavity 31 of the inner housing 30 can be sealed together.
  • the melt 10 in the receiving cavity 31 has a good sealing performance and will not fail due to interference from the external environment. It can be understood that the inner housing 30, the first conductive terminal 33, the second conductive terminal 34, and the melt 10 inside the inner housing 30 together form the fuse of the multifunctional fuse 100, which is connected in series in the high-voltage circuit In order to realize the fuse protection function of the multifunctional fuse 100.
  • the melt 10 works normally without fusing.
  • the melt 10 heats up and melts in a short time to quickly disconnect the circuit to protect the safety of high-voltage electrical appliances.
  • the specifications of the melt 10 can be selected according to the rated voltage and rated current of the circuit. It is stipulated that the rated voltage of the fuse part of the multifunctional fuse 100 is higher than the highest voltage that may appear in the high-voltage circuit, that is, the battery's Full voltage to ensure smooth and safe realization of the fuse protection function.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 further includes a crimping terminal 50
  • the outer shell 40 is provided with a crimping hole 41 for the crimping terminal 50 to pass through
  • the precharge resistor 20 includes a first connecting terminal 21 and the second connecting end 22, the first connecting end 21 is connected to the first conductive terminal 33, the second connecting end 22 is connected to one end of the crimping terminal 50, and the other end of the crimping terminal 50 extends through the crimping hole 41 Out of the outer shell 40, it is connected with the pre-charge relay of the pre-charge circuit.
  • the outer shell 40 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure with open ends, and it is made of an insulating material with thermal conductivity.
  • the outer shell 40 made of insulating material has good pressure-bearing, heat-conducting and temperature-resistant performance, and can quickly
  • the heat of the precharging resistor 20 before the outer casing 40 and the inner casing 30 is dissipated to the external environment, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the precharging resistor 20 during operation.
  • the material of the outer casing 40 may be ceramics or refractory plastic materials. Wait. Those skilled in the art can select the material of the outer casing 40 according to the actual situation, as long as it meets the insulating material and has good pressure-bearing and heat-conducting performance, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the size and shape of the openings at both ends of the outer shell 40 are respectively adapted to the size and shape of the first conductive section 331 of the first conductive terminal 33 and the third conductive section 341 of the second conductive terminal 34, so that the first conductive terminal 33 Both the second conductive terminal 34 and the outer housing 40 are located outside the outer housing 40 to encapsulate the outer housing 40, thereby improving the integrity of the appearance and the sealing performance of the outer housing 40.
  • the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 34 not only have the function of sealing the accommodating cavity 31 of the inner housing 30, but also have the function of encapsulating the outer housing 40.
  • This design diversifies the first conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal 33 and the second conductive terminal.
  • the use performance of the terminal 34 can ensure the flatness and aesthetics of the appearance of the multifunctional fuse 100, which is beneficial to improve the visual effect and has a wide range of applications.
  • the size of the outer shell 40 is slightly larger than the size of the inner shell 30, so that the outer shell 40 can be smoothly sleeved on the outside of the inner shell 30, and a gap can be formed between the outer shell 40 and the inner shell 30.
  • the pre-charge resistor 20 can be accommodated.
  • the precharge resistor 20 is a resistance wire, and the resistance wire is wound around the inner housing 30. That is, the precharging resistor 20 has a multi-turn structure and is arranged around the outer peripheral wall of the inner housing 30, and the inner cavity wall of the outer housing 40 covers the precharging resistor 20.
  • the resistance wire is a whole piece, which is wound on the outer circumferential wall along the outer circumferential wall of the outer shell 40 one by one, and is closely attached to the inner cavity wall of the outer shell 40. Further, there is a gap between any two adjacent circles to avoid interference due to being too close. At the same time, the gap, that is, between the inner housing 30, the outer housing 40 and the precharge resistor 20 is filled with a first filler ( (Not shown in the figure), the gap can provide a filling space for the filling of the first filler.
  • the precharge resistor 20 is surrounded by a first filler.
  • the first filler can provide effective heat transfer, thereby reducing The heat of the pre-charge resistor 20 is dissipated, and the heat dissipation performance of the multifunctional fuse 100 is improved.
  • the first filler may be quartz sand.
  • one end of the precharge resistor 20 located at the first conductive terminal 33 is the first connecting terminal 21, and the first connecting terminal 21 is connected to the first conductive terminal 33.
  • the first connection terminal 21 and the first conductive terminal 33 are connected as electrical and physical connections, so as to achieve the dual functions of conducting current and improving the tightening force, and ensure that the precharge resistor 20 will not disengage and have a good performance.
  • the installation stability and electrical conductivity of the pre-charging resistor 20 can realize the pre-charging function through the diversion function of the first conductive terminal 33 when the pre-charging circuit is subsequently connected, which is beneficial to improve the safety and reliability of the pre-charging circuit. .
  • One end of the precharge resistor 20 located at the second conductive terminal 34 is the second connecting end 22, the second connecting end 22 is connected to one end of the crimping terminal 50, and the other end of the crimping terminal 50 passes through the crimping hole 41 and extends out of the housing
  • the body 40 is connected with the pre-charge relay of the pre-charge circuit.
  • the crimping terminal 50 needs to expose the outer casing 40 to be connected with the pre-charge relay to realize the pre-charge resistor 20 in series with the pre-charge circuit.
  • the second connecting end 22 and the crimping terminal 50 are connected electrically and physically, thereby realizing the dual functions of conducting current and improving the fastening force, ensuring that the pre-charge resistor 20 will not disengage and has good installation stability and
  • the electrical conductivity can enable the pre-charging resistor 20 to realize the pre-charging function through the current diversion effect of the crimping terminal 50 when the pre-charging circuit is subsequently connected, which is beneficial to improve the safety and reliability of the pre-charging circuit.
  • the battery must be charged to the high-voltage capacitor at the beginning of power-on. If it is not limited, the charging current will be too large, which will cause a greater impact on the main relay, rectifier device and high-voltage capacitor to be charged, so the pre-charge resistor 20 is used. Limiting.
  • the precharge resistor 20 used here is the precharge resistor mentioned above. After adding the precharge resistor 20, the high voltage capacitor is precharged through the precharge circuit, so that the current when the high voltage circuit is turned on can be controlled safely. Within the scope, ensure the normal operation of high-voltage electrical appliances.
  • the inner housing 30 When the pre-charging circuit is turned on, the inner housing 30 is used to dissipate heat to the pre-charging resistor 20. Since the volume of the inner shell 30 is larger than the volume of the heat dissipation component when the precharge resistor is separately provided, it is equivalent to increasing the heat dissipation area of the precharge resistor 20, and improves the heat dissipation performance of the precharge resistor 20, which is beneficial to better The heat of the pre-charge resistor 20 is dissipated.
  • the length and the number of turns of the precharge resistor 20 surrounding it are increased, and the power increases, so that the voltage that the precharge resistor 20 can withstand is further increased, thereby further increasing The use effect of the pre-charge resistor 20.
  • the inner shell 30 has the function of encapsulating the melt 10 on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also has the function of dissipating the heat of the precharge resistor 20, so that both the melt 10 and the precharge resistor 20 can be used during use.
  • the inner shell 30 is used, that is, the inner shell 30 is shared as an essential component for the realization of their respective functions, which is beneficial to diversify the use performance of the inner shell 30, increase the breadth of its application range, reduce production costs, and improve production efficiency .
  • the inner housing 30, the outer housing 40, the crimping terminal 50, the precharging resistor 20, and the first conductive terminal 33 together constitute the precharging resistor of the multifunctional fuse 100, which is connected in series in the precharging circuit , In order to realize the overcurrent and short circuit protection functions of the multifunctional fuse 100.
  • the precharge circuit is turned on, and under the normal working current of the precharge circuit, the current flows through the current path of "first conductive terminal 33-precharge resistor 20-crimping terminal 50".
  • the functional fuse 100 makes the precharging resistor 20 work normally to limit the current of the precharging circuit.
  • the precharging resistor 20 is powered off, that is, the precharging circuit is disconnected for normal operation. Power-up process.
  • the precharging circuit when the precharging circuit is turned on, the current flows through the multifunctional fuse 100 through the current path of "first conductive terminal 33-precharging resistor 20-crimping terminal 50".
  • the precharging circuit When the high-voltage circuit is disconnected and the high-voltage circuit is turned on, the current flows through the multifunctional fuse 100 through the current path of "the first conductive terminal 33-the melt 10-the second conductive terminal 34".
  • the first conductive terminal 33 is used when the pre-charge resistor 20 and the melt 10 are energized, that is, the pre-charge resistor 20 and the melt 10 share the first conductive terminal 33 as necessary for their respective functions.
  • the spare parts are beneficial to diversify the use performance of the first conductive terminal 33, increase the breadth of its application range, reduce production costs, and improve production efficiency.
  • a second filler (not shown) is filled between the receiving cavity 31 and the melt 10.
  • the melt 10 is surrounded by the second filler.
  • the second filler has good and stable physical and chemical properties.
  • the second filler can effectively provide heat transfer, so that the second filler can be Absorb the arc energy to enhance the arc extinguishing capability of the multifunctional fuse 100.
  • the two working states of the precharge resistor 20 and the melt 10 are not parallel, but are performed sequentially.
  • the pre-charge relay can be closed first.
  • the pre-charge resistor 20 is energized to work, and the high-voltage capacitors of the high-voltage electrical appliances of the vehicle are pre-charged through the pre-charge resistor 20.
  • the voltage value of the high-voltage capacitor is greater than the expected voltage, such as when the expected voltage is 90% of the battery voltage, disconnect the precharge relay and close the main relay.
  • the precharge resistor 20 is de-energized and the melt 10 is energized to work through the melt. 10 Carry out over-current and short-circuit protection for high-voltage circuits
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 of the present application integrates the pre-charging resistor 20 and the melt 10, that is, when the pre-charging circuit is working, the pre-charging resistor 20 can be energized first to increase the resistance of the pre-charging circuit, thereby reducing the pre-charging circuit resistance.
  • the pre-charging flow of the charging circuit ensures the safety of the pre-charging circuit, thereby ensuring that the current flowing through the high-voltage circuit is within the safe current threshold range when the high-voltage circuit is connected.
  • the pre-charging resistor 20 When the pre-charging circuit is disconnected and the high-voltage circuit is connected, the pre-charging resistor 20 is disconnected and the melt 10 is energized to work, so that when an instantaneous large current occurs in the high-voltage circuit, the melt 10 heats up and fuses to achieve its fuse protection The performance, and then realize the short circuit and overcurrent protection of the high-voltage circuit.
  • the multifunctional fuse 100 effectively avoids the problem of the large internal space occupied by the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse being separately provided, so that the performance of the pre-charging resistor and the current fuse remains unchanged.
  • the multi-function fuse 100 Being able to be integrated on a multi-function fuse 100, on the one hand, the multi-function fuse 100 not only has the pre-charge protection function, but also has the over-current and short-circuit protection functions, which is beneficial to the use performance of the diversified multi-function fuse 100.
  • the integrated setting saves production costs and helps improve production efficiency. Because of the greatly reduced volume and weight, it is more conducive to adapting to the compact layout of the vehicle interior, with strong flexibility and a wide range of applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供一种多功能熔断器, 所述多功能熔断器包括熔体, 预充电阻和内壳体; 所述内壳体设有收容腔, 所述熔体收容于所述收容腔, 所述预充电阻绕设于所述内壳体外侧并贴靠所述内壳体。本申请的多功能熔断器解决了现有技术中的高压电路, 预充电电阻和熔断器体积大, 成本高昂的问题。

Description

多功能熔断器
本申请要求于2020年01月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010043544.1、申请名称为“多功能熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及新能源汽车领域，具体涉及一种多功能熔断器。
背景技术
在新能源汽车领域中，对电动汽车充电之前，会预先在高压电路中设计一个预充回路以进行预充电。在预充回路中，预充电电阻是在整车高压上电初期对如电容等高压电器元件进行缓慢充电的电阻，如果没有预充电电阻，高压电会直接加在高压电器元件上而导致充电电流过大，从而损坏高压电器元件。所以，设计预充回路时需加入预充电电阻确保高压电路安全。
而在电动汽车的实际运行中，高压部分采用统一电源，各高压回路中的电压、电流和功率相互影响，为了减少每个高压回路出现高压故障时的相互牵连作用，每个高压回路和主回路均设置单独的电流熔断器，以在各高压回路出现短路和过流故障时，及时熔断以切断该回路，以免损坏整个高压回路中的其他电器元件。现有的高压电路中，预充电电阻和熔断器体积大，成本高昂。
申请内容
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种多功能熔断器，以解决现有技术中的高压电路，预充电电阻和熔断器体积大，成本高昂的问题。
本申请提供一种多功能熔断器，所述多功能熔断器包括熔体、预充电阻和内壳体；
所述内壳体设有收容腔，所述熔体收容于所述收容腔，所述预充电阻绕设于所述内壳体外侧并贴靠所述内壳体。
一实施例中，所述多功能熔断器还包括外壳体，所述外壳体套设于所述内壳体的外侧且与所述内壳体之间形成间隙，所述预充电阻容置于所述间隙内。
一实施例中，所述多功能熔断器还包括第一导电端子和第二导电端子，所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子分别连接于所述内壳体的两端以密封所述收容腔。
一实施例中，所述多功能熔断器还包括压接端子，所述外壳体设有用于供所述压接端子穿过的压接孔，所述预充电阻包括第一连接端和第二连接端，所述第一连接端与所述第一导电端子连接，所述第二连接端与所述压接端子的一端连接。
一实施例中，所述间隙内填充有第一填充物。
一实施例中，所述第一导电端子包括第一导接段和与所述第一导接段弯折连接的第二导接段，所述第一导接段用于将所述第一导电端子固定至所述内壳体的第一端，以使所述第一导电端子覆盖所述收容腔位于所述第一端的开口，所述第二导接段用于与第一导体连接；
所述第二导电端子包括第三导接段和与所述第三导接段弯折连接的第四导接段，所述第三导接段用于将所述第二导电端子固定至所述内壳体的第二端，以使所述第二导电端子覆盖所述收容腔位于所述第二端的开口，所述第四导接段用于与第二导体连接。
一实施例中，所述第二导接段设有第一安装槽，所述第一安装槽用于与所述第一导体固定连接，所述第四导接段设有第二安装槽，所述第二安装槽用于与所述第二导体固定连接，所述第一安全槽与所述第二安装槽的延伸方向垂直。
一实施例中，所述第二导接段设有第一通孔，所述第一通孔用于与所述第一导体固定连接，所述第四导接段设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔用于与所述第二导体固定连接。
一实施例中，所述收容腔与所述熔体之间填充有第二填充物。
一实施例中，所述预充电阻为电阻丝，所述电阻丝绕设于所述内壳体。
本申请的多功能熔断器通过将预充电阻和熔体集成在一起，即在预充回路工作时，预充电阻能够先通电工作以提高预充回路的电阻，进而减小预充回路的预充电流，保证预充回路的安全，从而保证在高压回路连通时，流过高压回路的电流处于安全电流的阈值范围内。而在预充回路断开，高压回路连通时， 预充电阻断开工作而熔体通电工作，以在高压回路中出现瞬时大电流时，熔体自身发热而熔断，实现其熔断保护的性能，进而实现对高压回路的短路和过流保护。由此，多功能熔断器有效避免了分别设置预充电电阻和电流熔断器所占用的整车的内部的较大空间的问题，使得预充电电阻和电流熔断器的性能没有改变的基础上，能够集成在一个多功能熔断器上，一方面使得多功能熔断器不仅具备预充保护功能，还具备过流、短路保护功能，有利于多元化多功能熔断器的使用性能。另一方面集成的设置，节省了生产成本，有利于提高生产效率，且因大大缩小了体积，降低了重量，更有利于适应整车内部空间紧凑的布局，灵活性强，应用范围广泛。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的多功能熔断器的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的多功能熔断器的爆炸图；
图3为图1所示的多功能熔断器的内壳体、第一导电端子和第二导电端子的装配示意图；
图4为图3所示的内壳体的结构示意图；
图5为图1所示的多功能熔断器的熔体的结构示意图；
图6为图1所示的多功能熔断器的部分结构示意图；
图7为图1所示多功能熔断器的预充电阻的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在新能源汽车领域中，高压系统的高压用电器带有较大的高压电容，若高压电池组直接为高压用电器供电，因高压电容上无电荷或者仅有较少的电荷，主继电器会直接与高压电容连通，使得高压电池组的高压会直接加载在高压电容上，相当于瞬间短路，过大的短路电流会导致高压用电器的损坏。因此，在设计高压电路时，需在其中设计一个预充回路，以对高压用电器的高压电容进行预充电，从而确保高压电路的安全使用。在预充回路中，预充电电阻是对高压电容进行缓慢充电的必要电气元件。
而在断开预充回路后，高压电池组会为高压电路中的各高压回路供电。由于每一高压回路中均设有一高压用电器，从而使得各高压回路中的电压、电流和功率相互影响。为了减少每个高压回路出现高压故障时的相互牵连作用，每个高压回路均设置单独的电流熔断器，以在各高压回路出现短路和过流故障时，及时熔断以切断该回路，以免损坏整个高压电路中的其他高压回路。现有的高压电路中，预充电电阻和熔断器，体积大，成本高昂。
鉴于此，请参阅图1，本申请提供一种多功能熔断器100，多功能熔断器100连接于高压电路中，一方面实现预充保护的功能，另一方面实现短路和过流保护的功能。
需说明的是，高压电路具有多个相互并联的高压回路，而每一高压回路实际为电池对一个高压用电器的供电回路。高压用电器具有高压电容，在对高压用电器进行供电时，需要先对高压电容进行充电，以避免大电流直接冲击高压电容而造成高压用电器损坏的情况。换言之，即需要设计预充回路来对高压电容进行充电。而预充回路对高压电容进行充电的原理为在预充回路中加入预充电电阻和预充继电器，以控制高压电容的充电电流。预先可知电池的电压U1，预充电电阻的阻值R，在供电时，先使预充继电器闭合，预充回路工作，随着高压电容的电压U2越来越大，预充电流Ip＝(U1-U2)/R会越来越小，当接近电池的电压U1时，即电压的变化量△U＝U1-U2小于预设阈值时，断开预充继电器，接通主继电器对高压回路进行供电，从而有效避免主继电器闭合时高压回路里有冲击的大电流而造成高压用电器损坏的情况发生，保证了高压用电器的用电安全。
而在断开预充回路后，电池会为高压电路中的各高压回路供电。由于各高 压回路中的电压、电流和功率相互影响。为了减少每个高压回路出现高压故障时相互牵连，在每个高压回路里均设置单独的电流熔断器，以在各高压回路出现短路和过流故障时，及时熔断该电流熔断器以切断该回路，以免损坏整个高压电路中的其他高压回路。
举例而言，高压用电器可以是DC-DC转换器(Direct current-Direct current converter，直流-直流转换器)、车载充电机(On-borad Charger，OBC)、空调压缩机(Positive Temperature Coefficient)、电机控制器(Motor Control Unit，MCU)、高压配电盒(Power Distributor Unit，PDU)、油泵、水泵等用电器。而高压用电器设置在高压回路和预充回路里，换言之，在预充回路接通时，电池对高压用电器的高压电容进行充电，以通过调节高压电容的电压而调节流经高压用电器的电流。从而使得在预充完成后断开预充回路，接通高压回路，电池对高压用电器进行供电时，流经高压用电器的电流为安全电流，有效保证了高压用电器不会被大电流冲击而造成损坏。
请一并参阅图1和图2，本申请的实施例中，多功能熔断器100包括熔体10、预充电阻20和内壳体30；内壳体设有收容腔31，熔体10收容于收容腔31，预充电阻20设于内壳体外侧并贴靠内壳体30。
可以理解的是，预充电阻20用于串联于高压电路的预充回路里，且在预充回路连通时通电工作，以提高预充回路的阻值，熔体10用于串联于高压电路的高压回路里，且在预充回路断开后通电工作，以实现对高压回路的短路和过流保护。此外，多功能熔断器100的预充电阻20即为上文所述的预充回路的预充电电阻，即预充电阻20与预充继电器连接并共同串联在高压电路的预充回路里，以实现对高压用电器的预充保护。多功能熔断器100的熔体10能实现上文所述的高压回路的电流熔断器的熔断保护功能，即熔体10为上文所述的高压回路的电流熔断器的核心元器件，其串联在高压回路里，以实现对高压用电器的过流和短路保护。
通过将预充电阻20和熔体10集成在一起，即在预充回路工作时，预充电阻20能够先通电工作以提高预充回路的电阻，进而减小预充回路的预充电流，保证预充回路的安全，从而保证在高压回路连通时，流过高压回路的电流处于安全电流的阈值范围内。而在预充回路断开，高压回路连通时，预充电阻20 断开工作而熔体10通电工作，以在高压回路中出现瞬时大电流时，熔体10自身发热而熔断，实现其熔断保护的性能，进而实现对高压回路的短路和过流保护。由此，多功能熔断器100有效避免了分别设置预充电电阻和电流熔断器所占用的整车的内部的较大空间的问题，使得预充电电阻和电流熔断器的性能没有改变的基础上，能够集成在一个多功能熔断器100上，一方面使得多功能熔断器100不仅具备预充保护功能，还具备过流、短路保护功能，有利于多元化多功能熔断器100的使用性能。另一方面集成的设置，节省了生产成本，有利于提高生产效率，且因大大缩小了体积，降低了重量，更有利于适应整车内部空间紧凑的布局，灵活性强，应用范围广泛。
需说明的是，预充回路预充完成的判断条件可根据实际情况进行设计，本申请对此不做具体限制，举例而言，预充是否完成的判断条件可以是是否达到电池电压的90％，当达到电池电压的90％时，判断预充完成，此时，断开预充回路，也即为，对预充电阻20进行断电操作。
一种可能的实施方式中，多功能熔断器100还包括外壳体40，外壳体40套设于内壳体30的外侧且与内壳体30之间形成间隙，预充电阻20容置于间隙内。当然，其他实施方式中，外壳体40还可以是通过涂覆在内壳体30外侧并包覆预充电阻20形成的，即外壳体与内壳体之间并不存在间隙。
请一并参阅图2和图3，一种可能的实施方式中，多功能熔断器100还包括第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34，内壳体30包括相对设置的第一端301和第一端302，第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34分别连接于内壳体30的第一端301和第二端302以配合密封收容腔31，熔体10的相对两端分别与第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34连接。
请参阅图4，一种可能的实施方式中，内壳体30为长方体，其第一端301和第二端302均设有开口，也即为，内壳体30所形成的收容腔31为能够与外部环境贯通的结构，从而使得内壳体30为能够与外部环境贯通的腔体结构。内壳体30由具有导热性能的绝缘材料制成，绝缘材料制成的内壳体30具备较好的承压、导热及耐温性能，能够快速将内壳体30内收容的熔体10的热量散发至外部环境，有利于提高熔体10工作时的稳定性，举例而言，内壳体30的材料可以是陶瓷、耐火塑料等。本领域的技术人员可以根据实际情况对内壳 体30的材料进行选取，只需满足绝缘材料及具有良好的承压和导热性能即可，本申请对此不做具体限制。
请参阅图5，内壳体30的收容腔31所收容的熔体10是实现多功能熔断器100的熔断功能的主要工作元件，熔体10具有相对熔点低，特性稳定，易于熔断的特点，其相当于串联于高压回路的一段特殊的导线，当高压回路发生短路或者过流时，高压回路内通过的电流过大，熔体10因过热而融化，从而切断高压回路。熔体10可以采用铅锡合金、镀银铜片、锌、银等金属材料制成，其可以呈现丝状、栅状或片状。本申请的实施例中，熔体10为带有数个狭颈的片状。当然，其他实施例中，熔体10也可以为其他形状，在此不做限制。
由于多功能熔断器100的熔断保护功能是要将熔体10串联在高压回路里而实现的，因此，本申请的实施例中，第一导电端子33设于内壳体30的第一端301，从而使得收容于收容腔31的熔体10的一端能够与第一导电端子33连接，而第二导电端子34设于内壳体30的第二端302，从而使得收容于收容腔31的熔体10的另一端能够与第二导电端子34连接，进而使得熔体10的两端能够分别与第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34连接，又由于第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34采用电阻率低、导热性好且具有一定强度的导电材料制成，因此，第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34实际可以看做为金属导体，进而使得熔体10能够利用金属导体而串联至高压回路里，当过载或短路电流通过熔体10时，引起自身发热而熔断，从而能够切断高压回路，结构简单，使用方便，应用范围广泛。可以理解的是，第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34的形状及尺寸都可以按照实际安装要求进行调节。
需说明的是，熔体10与第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34的连接为电气连接和物理连接，从而实现导通电流和提高紧固力的双重作用，保证熔体10不会脱开而具有良好的安装稳固性和导电性能，能够为后续通过大电流时顺利实现熔断保护功能而做好充足的准备，有利于提升高压回路的安全性和可靠性。
请一并参阅图3和图6，第一导电端子33包括第一导接段331和与第一导接段331弯折连接的第二导接段332，第一导接段331用于将第一导电端子 33固定至内壳体30的第一端301，以使第一导电端子33覆盖收容腔31位于第一端301的开口，第二导接段332用于与第一导体(图未示)连接。
具体地，第一导接段331为配合内壳体30的第一端301的形状的结构，从而使得第一导接段331能够与内壳体30的第一端301对准而封装内壳体30的第一端301。此外，设于内壳体30的第一端301的开口的大小尺寸(长*宽)小于第一导接段331的大小尺寸(长*宽)，从而使得内壳体30的第一端301的端面能够为安装第一导接段331提供适宜的安装面积，保证第一导接段331能够与内壳体30的第一端301有足够的接触面积而快速且稳固的固定至内壳体30的第一端301。本申请的实施例中，第一导接段331通过螺丝固定至内壳体30的第一端301，螺丝的连接方式使得第一导电端子33与内壳体30的第一端301可拆卸连接，从而使得当内壳体30的收容腔31的熔体10熔断时，能通过第一导电端子33的拆装而更换熔体10，此外，还可以在第一导电端子33失效的时候，及时更换以便保证多功能熔断器100的稳定性和可靠性，灵活性强，应用范围广泛。当然，其他的实施例中，第一导接段331也可以是通过其他的方式固定至内壳体30的第一端301，只要起到能将内壳体30的第一端301封装且具有良好的固定效果即可，本申请对此不做具体限制。
为方便将第一导电端子33与高压回路中的其他电器元件连接，设置第二导接段332以为第一导电端子33与其他电器元件的连接而提供安装余量，而设置第二导接段332相对于第一导接段331弯折能够适应整车内部空间的紧凑的布局，从而进一步提高了第一导电端子33的安装稳固性和可靠性。本申请的实施例中，第二导接段332与第一导接段331呈现直角弯折，当然，其他的实施例中，第二导接段332与第一导接段331也可以呈现弧形弯折，或呈其它几何形状弯折，或呈多种几何形状的复合弯折。本申请对此不做具体限制。
进一步地，第二导接段332设有第一安装槽333，第一安装槽333用于与第一导体固定连接。本申请的实施例中，第一安装槽333为U形槽，第一安装槽333的槽口贯穿第二导接段332的一边的边缘，从而使得第一安装槽333能够便捷的与第一导体固定连接。举例而言，第一导体可以是高压回路中的导电铜排，或者是高压回路中的其他电器元件，而固定连接的方式可以为卡合连接，或者为螺纹连接，本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要进行设计，本申请 对此不做具体限制。
请继续参阅图3和图6，第二导电端子34包括第三导接段341及与第三导接段341弯折连接的第四导接段342，第三导接段341用于将第二导电端子34固定至内壳体30的第二端302，以使第二导电端子34覆盖收容腔31位于第二端302的开口，第四导接段342用于与第二导体连接。
第三导接段341为配合内壳体30的第二端302的形状的结构，从而使得第三导接段341能够与内壳体30的第二端302对准而封装内壳体30的第二端302。此外，设于内壳体30的第二端302的开口的大小尺寸(长*宽)小于第三导接段341的大小尺寸(长*宽)，从而使得内壳体30的第二端302的端面能够为安装第三导接段341提供适宜的安装面积，保证第三导接段341能够与内壳体30的第二端302有足够的接触面积而快速且稳固的固定至内壳体30的第二端302。本申请的实施例中，第三导接段341通过螺丝固定至内壳体30的第二端302，螺丝的连接方式使得第一导电端子33与内壳体30的第二端302可拆卸连接，从而使得当内壳体30的收容腔31的熔体10熔断时，能通过第一导电端子33的拆装而更换熔体10，此外，还可以在第一导电端子33失效的时候，及时更换以便保证多功能熔断器100的稳定性和可靠性，灵活性强，应用范围广泛。当然，其他的实施例中，第三导接段341也可以是通过其他的方式固定至内壳体30的第二端302，只要起到能将内壳体30的第二端302封装且具有良好的固定效果即可，本申请对此不做具体限制。
为方便将第二导电端子34与高压回路中的其他电器元件连接，设置第四导接段342以为第二导电端子34与其他电器元件的连接而提供安装余量，而设置第四导接段342相对于第三导接段341弯折能够适应整车内部空间的紧凑的布局，从而进一步提高了第二导电端子34的安装稳固性和可靠性。本申请的实施例中，第四导接段342与第三导接段341呈现直角弯折，当然，其他的实施例中，第四导接段342与第三导接段341也可以呈现弧形弯折，或呈其它几何形状弯折，或呈多种几何形状的复合弯折。本申请对此不做具体限制。
一种可能的实施方式中，第四导接段342设有第二安装槽343，第二安装槽343用于与第二导体固定连接。本申请的实施例中，第二安装槽343为U形槽，第二安装槽343的槽口贯穿第四导接段342的一边的边缘，从而使得第 二安装槽343能够便捷的与第二导体固定连接。举例而言，第二导体可以是高压回路中的导电铜排，或者是高压回路中的其他电器元件，而固定连接的方式可以为卡合连接，或者为螺纹连接，本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要进行设计，本申请对此不做具体限制。
进一步地，第二导接段332与第四导接段342的弯折方向相反。具体为，第二导接段332与第四导接段342分别在同一基准方向(X方向或Y方向)向着正向和负向的方向相背延伸，从而能够大大减小为避免相向延伸而互相干涉的情况产生，需在高度方向(Z方向)上预留第一导接段331和第三导接段341的余量，从而导致生产成本和所占用的空间大小提高，生产成本和安装难度提升的问题。
更进一步地，第一安全槽333与第二安装槽343的延伸方向垂直。换言之，第一安装槽333的槽口的方向与第二安装槽343的槽口方向不同，从而能够有效防止第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34因左右的安装公差过大而导致来回移动，能够提高安装的稳固性和可靠性。
当然，其他的实施例中，第二导接段332也可设有第一通孔，第一通孔用于与第一导体固定连接，第四导接段342也可设有第二通孔，第二通孔用于与第二导体固定连接。第一通孔和第二通孔均为圆形通孔，通过设置圆形通孔以与第一导体和第二导体固定连接，具有良好的可拆卸性能和稳固性。
本申请的实施例中，通过将第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34分别固定至内壳体30的第一端301和第二端302，能够配合密封内壳体30的收容腔31，以形成多功能熔断器100的内壳体结构，使得收容腔31的熔体10具备良好的密封性能，不会因受外部环境的干扰而导致失效。而可以理解的是，内壳体30、第一导电端子33、第二导电端子34和内壳体30内部的熔体10共同构成多功能熔断器100的熔断器，通过将其串联在高压回路里，以实现多功能熔断器100的熔断保护功能。具体为，在高压回路导通，高压回路正常的工作电流作用下，电流通过“第一导电端子33-熔体10-第二导电端子34”的电流路径而流经多功能熔断器100，使得熔体10正常工作而不会出现熔断的情况，在电路中出现瞬时大电流时，熔体10自身发热而在短时间内熔断，以快速断开回路而保护高压用电器的安全。
需说明的是，熔体10的规格可根据回路的额定电压和额定电流进行选取，规定多功能熔断器100的熔断器的部分的额定电压高于高压回路中可能出现的最高电压，即电池的满电电压，以保证能够顺利、安全的实现熔断保护功能。
请一并参阅图2和图7，多功能熔断器100还包括压接端子50，外壳体40设有用于供压接端子50穿过的压接孔41，预充电阻20包括第一连接端21和第二连接端22，第一连接端21与第一导电端子33连接，第二连接端22与压接端子50的一端连接，压接端子50的另一端穿过压接孔41而伸出外壳体40，以与预充回路的预充继电器连接。
具体地，外壳体40为两端开口的中空长方体结构，其由具有导热性能的绝缘材料制成，绝缘材料制成的外壳体40具备较好的承压、导热及耐温性能，能够快速将外壳体40与内壳体30之前的预充电阻20的热量散发至外部环境，有利于提高预充电阻20工作时的稳定性，举例而言，外壳体40的材料可以是陶瓷、耐火塑料料等。本领域的技术人员可以根据实际情况对外壳体40的材料进行选取，只需满足绝缘材料及具有良好的承压和导热性能即可，本申请对此不做具体限制。
外壳体40的两端的开口的大小形状分别与第一导电端子33的第一导接段331和第二导电端子34的第三导接段341的大小形状相适应，从而使得第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34均位于外壳体40的外侧以封装外壳体40，提高外观的完整性能和外壳体40的密封性能。换言之，第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34不仅具有密封内壳体30的收容腔31的功能，还具有封装外壳体40的功能，此设计多元化了第一导电端子33和第二导电端子34的使用性能，能够保证多功能熔断器100的外观的平整度和美观度，有利于提高视觉效果，应用范围广泛。
此外，外壳体40的尺寸略大于内壳体30的尺寸，从而使得外壳体40能够顺利套设于内壳体30的外侧，且在外壳体40与内壳体30之间能够形成间隙，间隙能够容置预充电阻20。一种可能的实施方式中，预充电阻20为电阻丝，电阻丝绕设于内壳体30。即，预充电阻20呈多圈结构而环绕设置在内壳体30的外周壁上，且外壳体40的内腔壁包覆预充电阻20。本申请的实施例中，电阻丝为一整根，其沿着外壳体40的外周壁而一圈一圈地缠绕设置于外 周壁上，且紧贴外壳体40的内腔壁。进一步地，任意相邻两圈之间均具有间隙，避免因靠过近而发生干涉，同时，间隙内即内壳体30、外壳体40和预充电阻20之间填充有第一填充物(图未示)，间隙能够为第一填充物的填充提供填充空间。
具体地，预充电阻20由第一填充物包围组成，一方面能够有效减少内壳体30与外壳体40之间的气体间隙，另一方面，第一填充物能够提供有效热传递，从而将预充电阻20的热量散发出去，提高多功能熔断器100的散热性能。举例而言，第一填充物可以是石英砂。
本申请的实施例中，预充电阻20位于第一导电端子33的一端为第一连接端21，第一连接端21与第一导电端子33连接。可以理解的是，第一连接端21与第一导电端子33连接为电气连接和物理连接，从而实现导通电流和提高紧固力的双重作用，保证预充电阻20不会脱开而具有良好的安装稳固性和导电性能，能够为后续连通预充电路时，预充电阻20能通过第一导电端子33的导流作用而实现预充功能，有利于提升预充回路的安全性和可靠性。
预充电阻20位于第二导电端子34的一端为第二连接端22，第二连接端22与压接端子50的一端连接，压接端子50的另一端穿过压接孔41而伸出外壳体40，以与预充回路的预充继电器连接。换言之，压接端子50需露出外壳体40，以与预充继电器连接而实现将预充电阻20串联于预充回路。而第二连接端22与压接端子50连接为电气连接和物理连接，从而实现导通电流和提高紧固力的双重作用，保证预充电阻20不会脱开而具有良好的安装稳固性和导电性能，能够为后续连通预充电路时，预充电阻20能通过压接端子50的导流作用而实现预充功能，有利于提升预充回路的安全性和可靠性。
可以理解的是，上电初期电池要向高压电容充电，如果不加以限制，充电电流过大，会对主继电器、整流器件和待充的高压电容等造成较大冲击，因此采用预充电阻20限流。这里用到的预充电阻20即前文所述的预充电阻，加入预充电阻20后，通过预充回路先对高压电容进行预充电，这样高压回路接通时的电流就可以控制在安全的范围内，确保高压用电器的正常运行。
当预充回路导通时，内壳体30用于对预充电阻20进行散热。由于内壳体30的体积比单独设置预充电阻时的散热部件的体积更大，因此，相当于增加 了预充电阻20的散热面积，提高了预充电阻20的散热性能，有利于更好的将预充电阻20的热量散发出去。同时，由于内壳体30的体积增大，因此，环绕设置其上的预充电阻20的长度和圈数增加，功率增大，使得预充电阻20能够承受的电压进一步增大，从而进一步提高预充电阻20的使用效果。
由此，内壳体30一方面具有封装熔体10的功能，另一方面，还具有对预充电阻20进行散热的功能，使得熔体10和预充电阻20在使用的过程中，都能够用到内壳体30，即共用了内壳体30作为其各自功能实现的必备部件，有利于多元化内壳体30的使用性能，提高其应用范围的广度，减少生产成本，提高生产效率。
可以理解的是，内壳体30、外壳体40、压接端子50、预充电阻20和第一导电端子33共同构成多功能熔断器100的预充电阻，通过将其串联在预充回路里，以实现多功能熔断器100的过流、短路保护功能。具体为，在上电初期，预充回路导通，预充回路正常的工作电流作用下，电流通过“第一导电端子33-预充电阻20-压接端子50”的电流路径而流经多功能熔断器100，使得预充电阻20正常工作而起到限制预充回路的电流的作用，在预充完成后，对预充电阻20进行断电操作，即断开预充回路而进行正常的上电过程。
本申请的实施例中，当预充回路导通时，电流经“第一导电端子33-预充电阻20-压接端子50”的电流路径而流经多功能熔断器100，当预充回路断开，高压回路导通时，电流通过“第一导电端子33-熔体10-第二导电端子34”的电流路径而流经多功能熔断器100。可以理解的是，第一导电端子33在预充电阻20和熔体10的通电工作时都被使用，即预充电阻20和熔体10共用了第一导电端子33作为其各自功能实现的必备部件，有利于多元化第一导电端子33的使用性能，提高其应用范围的广度，减少生产成本，提高生产效率。
进一步地，本申请的实施例中，收容腔31与熔体10之间填充有第二填充物(图未示)。换言之，熔体10被第二填充物包围，第二填充物具有良好且稳定的物理和化学特性，通过第二填充物能够有效提供热传递，使得在高压回路过流切断时第二填充物能够吸收电弧能量，以增强多功能熔断器100的灭弧能力。
可以理解的是，预充电阻20和熔体10的两种工作状态不是并行的，而是 依次进行的。举例而言，可在整车符合上电条件时，首先闭合预充继电器，此时，预充电阻20通电工作，通过预充电阻20给整车的高压用电器的高压电容进行预充电，当高压电容的电压值大于预期电压时，如预期电压为90％的电池电压时，断开预充继电器，闭合主继电器，此时，预充电阻20断电，熔体10通电工作，通过熔体10对高压回路进行过流和短路保护。
本申请的多功能熔断器100通过将预充电阻20和熔体10集成在一起，即在预充回路工作时，预充电阻20能够先通电工作以提高预充回路的电阻，进而减小预充回路的预充电流，保证预充回路的安全，从而保证在高压回路连通时，流过高压回路的电流处于安全电流的阈值范围内。而在预充回路断开，高压回路连通时，预充电阻20断开工作而熔体10通电工作，以在高压回路中出现瞬时大电流时，熔体10自身发热而熔断，实现其熔断保护的性能，进而实现对高压回路的短路和过流保护。由此，多功能熔断器100有效避免了分别设置预充电电阻和电流熔断器所占用的整车的内部的较大空间的问题，使得预充电电阻和电流熔断器的性能没有改变的基础上，能够集成在一个多功能熔断器100上，一方面使得多功能熔断器100不仅具备预充保护功能，还具备过流、短路保护功能，有利于多元化多功能熔断器100的使用性能。另一方面集成的设置，节省了生产成本，有利于提高生产效率，且因大大缩小了体积，降低了重量，更有利于适应整车内部空间紧凑的布局，灵活性强，应用范围广泛。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述多功能熔断器包括熔体、预充电阻和内壳体；
    所述内壳体设有收容腔，所述熔体收容于所述收容腔，所述预充电阻设于所述内壳体外侧并贴靠所述内壳体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述多功能熔断器还包括外壳体，所述外壳体套设于所述内壳体的外侧且与所述内壳体之间形成间隙，所述预充电阻容置于所述间隙内。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述多功能熔断器还包括第一导电端子和第二导电端子，所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子分别连接于所述内壳体的两端以密封所述收容腔。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述多功能熔断器还包括压接端子，所述外壳体设有用于供所述压接端子穿过的压接孔，所述预充电阻包括第一连接端和第二连接端，所述第一连接端与所述第一导电端子连接，所述第二连接端与所述压接端子的一端连接。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述间隙内填充有第一填充物。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述第一导电端子包括第一导接段和与所述第一导接段弯折连接的第二导接段，所述第一导接段用于将所述第一导电端子固定至所述内壳体的第一端，以使所述第一导电端子覆盖所述收容腔位于所述第一端的开口，所述第二导接段用于与第一导体连接；
    所述第二导电端子包括第三导接段和与所述第三导接段弯折连接的第四 导接段，所述第三导接段用于将所述第二导电端子固定至所述内壳体的第二端，以使所述第二导电端子覆盖所述收容腔位于所述第二端的开口，所述第四导接段用于与第二导体连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述第二导接段设有第一安装槽，所述第一安装槽用于与所述第一导体固定连接，所述第四导接段设有第二安装槽，所述第二安装槽用于与所述第二导体固定连接，所述第一安全槽与所述第二安装槽的延伸方向垂直。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述第二导接段设有第一通孔，所述第一通孔用于与所述第一导体固定连接，所述第四导接段设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔用于与所述第二导体固定连接。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述收容腔与所述熔体之间填充有第二填充物。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的多功能熔断器，其特征在于，所述预充电阻为电阻丝，所述电阻丝绕设于所述内壳体。
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