WO2021143475A1 - 一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2021143475A1
WO2021143475A1 PCT/CN2020/138788 CN2020138788W WO2021143475A1 WO 2021143475 A1 WO2021143475 A1 WO 2021143475A1 CN 2020138788 W CN2020138788 W CN 2020138788W WO 2021143475 A1 WO2021143475 A1 WO 2021143475A1
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core
parts
composite
magnetic
conductive contact
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PCT/CN2020/138788
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张敬敏
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山东光韵智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021143475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143475A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrical devices, in particular to a low-cost soft and hard dual-phase nano-composite permanent magnetic conductive contact and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Nano-composite permanent magnetic materials are composed of nano-scale soft magnetic phases and hard magnetic phases, and theoretically have a high maximum magnetic energy product, and at the same time, the material has a low rare earth content. It is expected to develop into a new generation of low-cost high-performance permanent magnetic materials. However, this kind of material is widely used in high-cost rare earth-poor Nd, etc., and the cost is relatively high and it is difficult to popularize and apply.
  • Nd-Fe-B single-phase permanent magnet material has reached a bottleneck, and its shortcomings such as low Curie temperature, thermal stability, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance are still difficult to overcome.
  • New generation The preparation of Sm2Fe17Nx single-phase permanent magnet materials is also due to the uncontrollability of composition, phase composition and distribution, so far no breakthrough has been made. Therefore, the development of composite materials has become the focus of researchers.
  • Theoretical research shows that the dual-phase nanocomposite permanent magnetic material has the high saturation magnetization of the soft magnetic phase and the high coercive force of the hard magnetic phase, and the obvious remanence enhancement effect appears, and the theoretical magnetic energy product can reach 1MJ/m3.
  • the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a low-cost soft and hard dual-phase nano composite permanent magnetic conductive contact with low cost, only using abundant rare earths, high magnetic energy product, high Curie temperature, and good thermal stability.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a low-cost manufacturing method of soft and hard dual-phase nano-composite permanent magnetic conductive contacts, including the following steps:
  • auxiliary materials prepare a sufficient amount of a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with a volume ratio of 3:1, a sufficient amount of 10% solute mass fraction of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and a sufficient amount of argon;
  • step 2 the lanthanum, cerium, ferroboron FeB22C0.05 and yttrium prepared in stage 1) are mixed uniformly and then remelted and smelted by electroslag, and then cooled to Make a primary alloy billet at room temperature;
  • the primary alloy billet obtained in step 1 is ball-milled into alloy powder of 500 mesh to 1000 mesh.
  • the alloy powder is used as a raw material and smelted in a vacuum induction melting furnace integrated with electromagnetic stirring equipment.
  • the melting process is: vacuum to 1 ⁇ before heating. 10-2Pa-1 ⁇ 10-3Pa, count when the raw material starts to melt when the temperature is reached, turn on electromagnetic stirring at a stirring rate of 100rpm/min-250rpm/min, and keep it for 20min-23min, then stop heating and use nitrogen for rapid cooling, and then out of the furnace , Get a magnetic blank;
  • step 3 Apply pressure to the primary magnetic blank obtained in step 2 in a direction that is straight to the magnetic induction direction of the coil required by the design, and perform room temperature cold compression molding at a deformation rate of 0.2mm-0.25mm each time, until the molding meets the molding size.
  • the molded size is the final core design size with a unilateral increase of 0.3mm-0.5mm, and a rough magnetic blank is obtained after compression molding;
  • step 3 The rough magnetic core obtained in step 3 is annealed at a temperature of 730°C-750°C under a vacuum degree of 1 ⁇ 10-2Pa-1 ⁇ 10-3Pa, and then the cylindrical surface of the rough magnetic core obtained after annealing and two The end faces are mechanically polished to remove the thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm to obtain a regular magnetic core;
  • step 5 After the pure copper powder prepared in step 1) is heated to melting, it is sprayed uniformly on the regular magnetic core surface obtained in step 3 by supersonic flame spraying, and then mechanically polished to obtain the two end faces of the composite material to obtain the desired final product Magnetic core
  • step 1 Completely immerse the carbon fiber aluminum core composite wire prepared in step 1) in step 1 into the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid prepared in step 2, and use 200W-250W ultrasonic treatment for 3.5h-4h to obtain carboxylated passivated composite wire , And then rinse the composite wire with clean water;
  • step 2 Immerse the carboxylated and passivated composite wire obtained in step 1 into the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution prepared in step 2, immerse the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution in an ice bath at -5°C ⁇ -10°C, and turn it on at a rate of 120rpm/min-150rpm/min Stir, then put in the aniline prepared in step 1), and finally put the ammonium persulfate initiator prepared in step 1 into the reaction solution at a mass rate of 10%/min.
  • Stir for 40min-50min take out the reaction solution and remove it. Place it in a refrigerator at -5°C ⁇ -10°C for 0.5 days to 1 day, filter out the solidified material, and rinse with ethanol and water until it is clean to obtain a modified composite wire;
  • the composite core structure is the required low-cost soft and hard dual-phase nano-composite permanent magnetic conductive contact.
  • a low-cost soft and hard two-phase nano composite permanent magnetic conductive contact is composed of three parts: a fixed sleeve, a core and a coil.
  • the core is 6 parts by weight of lanthanum-8 Parts, 3.5 parts-4.5 parts of cerium, 100 parts-110 parts of boron-iron FeB22C0.05, 5 parts-7 parts of yttrium as raw materials, and then undergo multiple cold pressing deformations at a deformation rate of 0.2mm-0.25mm each time.
  • the alloy finally obtained after adjustment and annealing is used as the core, and the composite core is obtained by using pure copper as the shell.
  • the composite core is set in a fixed sleeve; the coil is wound by the aniline modified carbon fiber aluminum core composite wire wound on the surface of the core. As a result, the coil is wound on the inner surface of the fixed sleeve.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Compared with the prior art focusing on studying the ratio of magnetic alloy elements, the present invention is more focused on adjusting the structure, size and proportional relationship of the effective phase in the alloy. Researched and combined with actual production, the process of adjusting the cold deformed structure of the special magnetic core has been developed. The goal is to obtain the optimal grain size and soft magnetic phase of soft magnetic phase grains of 5nm-15nm, hard magnetic phase grains of 25nm-35nm Total volume: The total volume of the hard magnetic phase is close to the optimal coupling structure of 1:1, which has never been paid attention to in the prior art. (2) The present invention is different from the current mainstream research on La, Ce, and Y as substitute elements in Nd-Fe-B.
  • the ternary La-Fe-B, Ce-Fe-B and Y-Fe-B alloys Through the optimization of the composition, the interaction between the rare earth elements is used to improve the hard magnetic properties and temperature stability of the alloy. With the addition of trace elements, the structure of the alloy is further optimized and the coercivity of the alloy is improved. Based on the obtained high magnetic energy product ternary and multi-element alloy compositions, using small batches of fast-quenched nanocrystalline magnetic powders, La, Ce, and Y-based rare earth permanent magnets without key rare earth elements are prepared. (3) The present invention adopts special heat treatment parameters obtained through a lot of basic research and long-term production practice for the special magnetic core.
  • the present invention actually obtains the contact of the surface layer of pure copper and the integral permanent magnet, which has high magnetic induction and a good conductor.
  • the permanent magnet is used as the core and the pure copper is the shell, which not only obtains excellent magnetic properties, It avoids the stress-sensitive defects of nano-permanent magnetic materials, and at the same time, the surface layer is toughened and impact resistant, and the surface contact area is large.
  • the present invention refers to the finger contact instead of the bridge contact, so there is no metal fatigue problem, only impact damage and wear need to be considered.
  • the present invention is not in the conventional technology, and the surface of the hard core is added
  • the relatively soft permanent magnetic pure copper not only ensures that the magnetic core will not be deformed due to insufficient core strength, but also protects the impacted surface from damage. It also builds a relatively flexible buffer between the two hard bodies.
  • the contact surface is improved, so the invention has strong anti-fatigue ability.
  • All the materials used in the present invention are resistant to high temperature. Since there is no curing material that is not resistant to high temperature such as soldering or resin, the non-flammable carbon fiber and the non-corrosive aluminum core are passivated and protected against aniline adhesion.
  • the present invention has the characteristics of low cost, only using abundant rare earths, high magnetic energy product, high Curie temperature and good thermal stability.
  • a low-cost soft and hard dual-phase nano-composite permanent magnetic conductive contact is composed of three parts: a fixed sleeve, a core and a coil.
  • the core is 7g lanthanum and 4.2 cerium in parts by weight.
  • Ferro-boron FeB22C0.05 107g and yttrium 5.8g are mixed as raw materials and then subjected to cold pressing deformation adjustment and annealing at a deformation rate of 0.2mm-0.25mm each time.
  • the final alloy is obtained as the core and pure copper as the shell.
  • the composite core is set in a fixed sleeve;
  • the coil is made of aniline modified carbon fiber aluminum core composite wire wound on the surface of the core, and the coil is wound on the inner surface of the fixed sleeve; the permanent
  • the manufacturing method of the magnetic conductive contact includes the following steps:
  • auxiliary materials prepare a sufficient amount of a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with a volume ratio of 3:1, a sufficient amount of 10% solute mass fraction of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and a sufficient amount of argon;
  • step 2 the lanthanum, cerium, ferroboron FeB22C0.05 and yttrium prepared in stage 1) are mixed uniformly and then remelted and smelted by electroslag, and then cooled to Make a primary alloy billet at room temperature;
  • the primary alloy billet obtained in step 1 is ball-milled into alloy powder of 500 mesh to 1000 mesh.
  • the alloy powder is used as a raw material and smelted in a vacuum induction melting furnace integrated with electromagnetic stirring equipment.
  • the melting process is: vacuum to 1 ⁇ before heating. 10-2Pa-1 ⁇ 10-3Pa, count when the raw material starts to melt when the temperature is reached, turn on electromagnetic stirring at a stirring rate of 100rpm/min-250rpm/min, and keep it for 20min-23min, then stop heating and use nitrogen for rapid cooling, and then out of the furnace , Get a magnetic blank;
  • step 3 Apply pressure to the primary magnetic blank obtained in step 2 in a direction that is straight to the magnetic induction direction of the coil required by the design, and perform room temperature cold compression molding at a deformation rate of 0.2mm-0.25mm each time, until the molding meets the molding size.
  • the molded size is the final core design size with a unilateral increase of 0.3mm-0.5mm, and a rough magnetic blank is obtained after compression molding;
  • step 3 The rough magnetic core obtained in step 3 is annealed at a temperature of 730°C-750°C under a vacuum degree of 1 ⁇ 10-2Pa-1 ⁇ 10-3Pa, and then the cylindrical surface of the rough magnetic core obtained after annealing and two The end faces are mechanically polished to remove the thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm to obtain a regular magnetic core;
  • step 5 After the pure copper powder prepared in step 1) is heated to melting, it is sprayed uniformly on the regular magnetic core surface obtained in step 3 by supersonic flame spraying, and then mechanically polished to obtain the two end faces of the composite material to obtain the desired final product Magnetic core
  • step 1 Completely immerse the carbon fiber aluminum core composite wire prepared in step 1) in step 1 into the mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid prepared in step 2, and use 200W-250W ultrasonic treatment for 3.5h-4h to obtain carboxylated passivated composite wire , And then rinse the composite wire with clean water;
  • step 2 Immerse the carboxylated and passivated composite wire obtained in step 1 into the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution prepared in step 2, immerse the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution in an ice bath at -5°C ⁇ -10°C, and turn it on at a rate of 120rpm/min-150rpm/min Stir, then put in the aniline prepared in step 1), and finally put the ammonium persulfate initiator prepared in step 1 into the reaction solution at a mass rate of 10%/min.
  • Stir for 40min-50min take out the reaction solution and remove it. Place it in a refrigerator at -5°C ⁇ -10°C for 0.5 days to 1 day, filter out the solidified material, and rinse with ethanol and water until it is clean to obtain a modified composite wire;
  • the composite core structure is the required low-cost soft and hard dual-phase nano-composite permanent magnetic conductive contact.
  • Raw materials pure copper powder 8g, metal lanthanum 6g, cerium 3.5g, boron iron FeB22C0.05 100g, yttrium 5g, ammonium persulfate initiator 0.2g;
  • Raw materials pure copper powder 6g, metal lanthanum 8g, cerium 4.5g, boron iron FeB22C0.05 110g, yttrium 7g, ammonium persulfate initiator 0.5g;
  • the present invention actually obtains the contact of pure copper on the surface and integral permanent magnet, which has high magnetic induction and a good conductor.
  • the permanent magnet is used as the core and the pure copper is the shell, which not only obtains excellent magnetic properties, It avoids the stress-sensitive defects of nano-permanent magnetic materials, and at the same time, the surface layer is toughened and impact resistant, and the surface contact area is large.
  • the present invention refers to the finger contact instead of the bridge contact, so there is no metal fatigue problem, only impact damage and wear need to be considered.
  • the present invention is not in the conventional technology, and the surface of the hard core is added
  • the relatively soft permanent magnetic pure copper not only ensures that the magnetic core will not be deformed due to insufficient core strength, but also protects the impacted surface from damage.
  • the present invention has the characteristics of low cost, only using abundant rare earths, high magnetic energy product, high Curie temperature and good thermal stability.

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Abstract

一种软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法，该永磁导电触头由三部分组成：固定套筒、芯体和线圈，其中芯体为以按重量份计镧6份-8份、铈3.5份-4.5份、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100份-110份、钇5份-7份为原料混炼后再经多次冷压变形调整再退火才最终获得的合金为芯，以纯铜为壳获得的复合芯体，复合芯体套装在固定套筒中；线圈由卷绕在芯体表面的苯胺改性碳纤维铝芯复合导线绕制而成，线圈卷绕在固定套筒的内表面。所述软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法低成本、仅使用丰量稀土、高磁能积、居里温度高、热稳定性好。

Description

一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电气装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法。
 背景技术
纳米复合永磁材料由纳米尺度的软磁相和硬磁相组成，理论上具有高的最大磁能积，同时材料稀土含量低，有望发展为新一代低成本高性能永磁材料。但这种材料大量应用高成本的贫稀土Nd等，成本较高且难以推广应用。
 技术问题
由于 Nd-Fe-B 单相永磁材料的磁能积研究达到瓶颈，且其居里温度低、热稳定性、耐腐蚀性及抗氧化性能差等缺点仍是攻克的难点。新一代 Sm2Fe17Nx 单相永磁材料的制备也因成分、相的组成及其分布的难驾驭性，至今未取得突破性进展，因此发展复合型材料也就成为研究者关注的重点。理论研究表明双相纳米复合永磁材料拥有软磁相所具有的高饱和磁化强度以及硬磁相所具有的高矫顽力，出现明显的剩磁增强效应，理论磁能积可达到 1MJ/m3。多年实验结果表明，双相纳米复合永磁材料的剩磁虽然得到显著提高，矫顽力却大幅下降，此消彼长的关系使得退磁曲线的方形度差，实际磁能积远低于理论值，因此需要对双相纳米永磁材料晶间交换耦合作用机理、软/硬磁晶粒尺寸及其体积分数、矫顽力机制及组织调控方法进行深入的研究。
　　因此，市面上急需一种低成本、仅使用丰量稀土、高磁能积、居里温度高、热稳定性好的低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法。
 技术解决方案
本发明旨在提供一种低成本、仅使用丰量稀土、高磁能积、居里温度高、热稳定性好的低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头制造方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
1）原料准备
①原材料准备：按重量份准备纯铜粉6份-8份、金属镧6份-8份、铈3.5份-4.5份、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100份-110份、钇5份-7份、固定套筒、足量碳纤维铝芯复合导线、足量苯胺、过硫酸铵引发剂0.2份-0.5份；
②辅材准备：准备足量按体积比3：1配比的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，足量10%溶质质量分数的盐酸水溶液，足量氩气；
2）芯体准备
①在阶段1）步骤②准备的足量氩气保护下，将阶段1）步骤①准备的镧、铈、硼铁FeB22C0.05、钇混合均匀后经电渣重熔冶炼，然后随炉冷却至室温，制成一次合金坯；
②将步骤①获得的一次合金坯球磨成500目-1000目的合金粉末，以该合金粉末为原料，采用集成有电磁搅拌设备的真空感应熔炼炉熔炼，熔炼工艺为：升温前抽真空至1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa，待到温后原料开始熔化时计时，开启100rpm/min-250rpm/min搅拌速率的电磁搅拌，并保温20min-23min后停止加热并采用氮气速冷，然后出炉，获得一次磁坯；
③将步骤②获得的一次磁坯沿重直于设计所需的线圈磁感应方向的方向施加压力，以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率进行室温冷模压成型，直至模压到符合模压尺寸，所述模压尺寸为最终芯体设计尺寸单边增加0.3mm-0.5mm，模压成型后获得粗糙磁坯；
④将步骤③获得的粗糙磁芯在1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa真空度下，以730℃-750℃的温度退火处理，再将退火后获得的粗糙磁芯圆柱表面及两个端面均机械抛光去除0.3mm-0.5mm的厚度，获得规则磁芯；
⑤将阶段1）步骤①准备的纯铜粉加热至熔化后，采用超声速火焰喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤③获得的规则磁芯表面，然后机械抛光获得复合材料的两个端面，获得所需终制磁芯；
3）导线制备
①将阶段1）步骤①准备的碳纤维铝芯复合导线完全浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，采用200W-250W超声波处理3.5h-4h，获得羧化钝化复合导线，然后采用清水将复合导线漂洗干净；
②将步骤①获得的羧化钝化复合导线浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的盐酸水溶液中，将盐酸水溶液浸入-5℃~-10℃的冰浴，以120rpm/min-150rpm/min的速率开启搅拌，然后投入阶段1）步骤①准备的苯胺，最后以10%/min的质量速率在反应液中投入阶段1）步骤①准备的过硫酸铵引发剂，搅拌40min-50min，取出反应液将其在-5℃~-10℃冰箱内静置0.5天-1天，滤出固化物，并采用乙醇与水分别漂洗至漂洗干净，获得改性复合导线；
4）导电触头成型
①将阶段2）获得的终制磁芯作为可移动结构套装在阶段1）步骤①准备的固定套筒中，再将阶段3）获得的改性复合导线剪去首尾端后卷绕在固定套筒内表面，保证改性复合导线与终制磁芯表面不相接触，获得复合芯体结构，该复合芯体结构即为所需低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头。
　　一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头，该永磁导电触头由三部分组成：固定套筒、芯体和线圈，其中芯体为以按重量份计镧6份-8份、铈3.5份-4.5份、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100份-110份、钇5份-7份为原料混炼后再经以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率多次冷压变形调整再退火才最终获得的合金为芯，以纯铜为壳获得的复合芯体，复合芯体套装在固定套筒中；线圈由卷绕在芯体表面的苯胺改性碳纤维铝芯复合导线绕制而成，线圈卷绕在固定套筒的内表面。
 有益效果
，本发明具有以下优点：（1）相较于现有技术专注于研究磁性合金元素配比而言，本发明更专注于调整合金中有效相的组织状态、尺寸和比例关系，因此经过多次研究并结合生产实际，研究出了对特制磁芯的冷变形组织调整工艺，目标是获得软磁相晶粒5nm-15nm，硬磁相晶粒25nm-35nm的最优晶粒尺寸和软磁相总体积：硬磁相总体积接近1：1的最优藕合组织状，这是现有技术从没有关注过。（2）本发明与现在主流的研究La、Ce、Y作为Nd-Fe-B中的替代元素不同，我们从三元La-Fe-B、Ce-Fe-B和Y-Fe-B合金入手，通过成分优化，利用稀土元素之间的交互作用，改善了合金的硬磁性能和温度稳定性。借助微量元素添加，进一步优化了合金的组织、提高了合金的矫顽力。基于获得的高磁能积三元和多元合金成分，利用小批量生产的快淬纳米晶磁粉，制备了不含关键稀土元素的La、Ce、Y基稀土永磁磁体。（3）本发明对特制的磁芯采用了特别的、经过大量基础研究和长期生产实践获得的热处理参数，在研究中我们发现，若采用相对于本发明更高的热处理温度将引起磁性相晶粒急剧长大，过于粗大的晶粒会减弱磁性相间的铁磁交换耦合作用，而相对于本发明更低的热处理温度则无法获得足够的磁性功能相。（4）本发明实际获得了表层纯铜、整体永磁体的触头，既有高的磁感、又是良导体，以永磁体为芯、纯铜为壳，既获得了优良的磁性能，又回避了纳米永磁材料对应力敏感的缺陷，同时表层韧化抗冲击、表面接触面积大。（5）本发明是指形触头而不是桥形触头，因此不存在金属疲劳的问题，仅需考虑冲击损坏和磨损，而本发明不中于常规技术，在硬质芯体表面增加了相对柔软的永磁性的纯铜，既保证了磁芯不会由于芯体强度不够导致变形，又保护了被撞击面不受损坏，还在两个硬质体间建设了相对柔性的缓冲，同时提升了接触面，因此本发明抗疲劳能力强。（6）本发明采用的所有材料均耐高温，由于没有采用锡焊或树脂等不耐高温的固化材料，同时对不耐燃的碳纤维和不耐蚀的铝芯进行了钝化和苯胺附着防护及与芯体间的绝缘处理，同时由于苯胺的原因，还获得了感觉线圈自憎水的性能，扩大了应用范围，降低了表面防护难度。因此，本发明具有低成本、仅使用丰量稀土、高磁能积、居里温度高、热稳定性好的特性。
 本发明的实施方式
实施例1：
一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头，该永磁导电触头由三部分组成：固定套筒、芯体和线圈，其中芯体为以按重量份计镧7g、铈4.2g、硼铁FeB22C0.05 107g、钇5.8g为原料混炼后再经以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率冷压变形调整再退火才最终获得的合金为芯，以纯铜为壳获得的复合芯体，复合芯体套装在固定套筒中；线圈由卷绕在芯体表面的苯胺改性碳纤维铝芯复合导线绕制而成，线圈卷绕在固定套筒的内表面；该永磁导电触头的制造方法包括以下步骤：
1）     原料准备
①原材料准备：按重量份准备纯铜粉7g、金属镧7g、铈4.2g、硼铁FeB22C0.05 107g、钇5.8g、固定套筒、足量碳纤维铝芯复合导线、足量苯胺、过硫酸铵引发剂0.2g-0.5g；
②辅材准备：准备足量按体积比3：1配比的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，足量10%溶质质量分数的盐酸水溶液，足量氩气；
2）芯体准备
①在阶段1）步骤②准备的足量氩气保护下，将阶段1）步骤①准备的镧、铈、硼铁FeB22C0.05、钇混合均匀后经电渣重熔冶炼，然后随炉冷却至室温，制成一次合金坯；
②将步骤①获得的一次合金坯球磨成500目-1000目的合金粉末，以该合金粉末为原料，采用集成有电磁搅拌设备的真空感应熔炼炉熔炼，熔炼工艺为：升温前抽真空至1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa，待到温后原料开始熔化时计时，开启100rpm/min-250rpm/min搅拌速率的电磁搅拌，并保温20min-23min后停止加热并采用氮气速冷，然后出炉，获得一次磁坯；
③将步骤②获得的一次磁坯沿重直于设计所需的线圈磁感应方向的方向施加压力，以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率进行室温冷模压成型，直至模压到符合模压尺寸，所述模压尺寸为最终芯体设计尺寸单边增加0.3mm-0.5mm，模压成型后获得粗糙磁坯；
④将步骤③获得的粗糙磁芯在1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa真空度下，以730℃-750℃的温度退火处理，再将退火后获得的粗糙磁芯圆柱表面及两个端面均机械抛光去除0.3mm-0.5mm的厚度，获得规则磁芯；
⑤将阶段1）步骤①准备的纯铜粉加热至熔化后，采用超声速火焰喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤③获得的规则磁芯表面，然后机械抛光获得复合材料的两个端面，获得所需终制磁芯；
3）导线制备
①将阶段1）步骤①准备的碳纤维铝芯复合导线完全浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，采用200W-250W超声波处理3.5h-4h，获得羧化钝化复合导线，然后采用清水将复合导线漂洗干净；
②将步骤①获得的羧化钝化复合导线浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的盐酸水溶液中，将盐酸水溶液浸入-5℃~-10℃的冰浴，以120rpm/min-150rpm/min的速率开启搅拌，然后投入阶段1）步骤①准备的苯胺，最后以10%/min的质量速率在反应液中投入阶段1）步骤①准备的过硫酸铵引发剂，搅拌40min-50min，取出反应液将其在-5℃~-10℃冰箱内静置0.5天-1天，滤出固化物，并采用乙醇与水分别漂洗至漂洗干净，获得改性复合导线；
4）导电触头成型
①将阶段2）获得的终制磁芯作为可移动结构套装在阶段1）步骤①准备的固定套筒中，再将阶段3）获得的改性复合导线剪去首尾端后卷绕在固定套筒内表面，保证改性复合导线与终制磁芯表面不相接触，获得复合芯体结构，该复合芯体结构即为所需低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头。
实施例2：
整体与实施例1一致，差异之处在于：
原材料：纯铜粉8g、金属镧6g、铈3.5g、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100g、钇5g、过硫酸铵引发剂0.2g；
实施例3：
整体与实施例1一致，差异之处在于：
原材料：纯铜粉6g、金属镧8g、铈4.5g、硼铁FeB22C0.05 110g、钇7g、过硫酸铵引发剂0.5g；　
 工业实用性
（1）本发明实际获得了表层纯铜、整体永磁体的触头，既有高的磁感、又是良导体，以永磁体为芯、纯铜为壳，既获得了优良的磁性能，又回避了纳米永磁材料对应力敏感的缺陷，同时表层韧化抗冲击、表面接触面积大。（2）本发明是指形触头而不是桥形触头，因此不存在金属疲劳的问题，仅需考虑冲击损坏和磨损，而本发明不中于常规技术，在硬质芯体表面增加了相对柔软的永磁性的纯铜，既保证了磁芯不会由于芯体强度不够导致变形，又保护了被撞击面不受损坏，还在两个硬质体间建设了相对柔性的缓冲，同时提升了接触面，因此本发明抗疲劳能力强。（3）本发明采用的所有材料均耐高温，由于没有采用锡焊或树脂等不耐高温的固化材料，同时对不耐燃的碳纤维和不耐蚀的铝芯进行了钝化和苯胺附着防护及与芯体间的绝缘处理，同时由于苯胺的原因，还获得了感觉线圈自憎水的性能，扩大了应用范围，降低了表面防护难度。因此，本发明具有低成本、仅使用丰量稀土、高磁能积、居里温度高、热稳定性好的特性。
 序列表自由内容
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，仅为了使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头的制造方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    1）原料准备
    ①原材料准备：按重量份准备纯铜粉6份-8份、金属镧6份-8份、铈3.5份-4.5份、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100份-110份、钇5份-7份、固定套筒、足量碳纤维铝芯复合导线、足量苯胺、过硫酸铵引发剂0.2份-0.5份；
    ②辅材准备：准备足量按体积比3：1配比的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，足量10%溶质质量分数的盐酸水溶液，足量氩气；
    芯体准备
    ①在阶段1）步骤②准备的足量氩气保护下，将阶段1）步骤①准备的镧、铈、硼铁FeB22C0.05、钇混合均匀后经电渣重熔冶炼，然后随炉冷却至室温，制成一次合金坯；
    ②将步骤①获得的一次合金坯球磨成500目-1000目的合金粉末，以该合金粉末为原料，采用集成有电磁搅拌设备的真空感应熔炼炉熔炼，熔炼工艺为：升温前抽真空至1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa，待到温后原料开始熔化时计时，开启100rpm/min-250rpm/min搅拌速率的电磁搅拌，并保温20min-23min后停止加热并采用氮气速冷，然后出炉，获得一次磁坯；
    ③将步骤②获得的一次磁坯沿重直于设计所需的线圈磁感应方向的方向施加压力，以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率进行室温冷模压成型，直至模压到符合模压尺寸，所述模压尺寸为最终芯体设计尺寸单边增加0.3mm-0.5mm，模压成型后获得粗糙磁坯；
    ④将步骤③获得的粗糙磁芯在1×10-2Pa-1×10-3Pa真空度下，以730℃-750℃的温度退火处理，再将退火后获得的粗糙磁芯圆柱表面及两个端面均机械抛光去除0.3mm-0.5mm的厚度，获得规则磁芯；
    ⑤将阶段1）步骤①准备的纯铜粉加热至熔化后，采用超声速火焰喷涂方式均匀喷涂在步骤③获得的规则磁芯表面，然后机械抛光获得复合材料的两个端面，获得所需终制磁芯；
    3）导线制备
    ①将阶段1）步骤①准备的碳纤维铝芯复合导线完全浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液，采用200W-250W超声波处理3.5h-4h，获得羧化钝化复合导线，然后采用清水将复合导线漂洗干净；
    ②将步骤①获得的羧化钝化复合导线浸入阶段1）步骤②准备的盐酸水溶液中，将盐酸水溶液浸入-5℃~-10℃的冰浴，以120rpm/min-150rpm/min的速率开启搅拌，然后投入阶段1）步骤①准备的苯胺，最后以10%/min的质量速率在反应液中投入阶段1）步骤①准备的过硫酸铵引发剂，搅拌40min-50min，取出反应液将其在-5℃~-10℃冰箱内静置0.5天-1天，滤出固化物，并采用乙醇与水分别漂洗至漂洗干净，获得改性复合导线；
    4）导电触头成型
    ①将阶段2）获得的终制磁芯作为可移动结构套装在阶段1）步骤①准备的固定套筒中，再将阶段3）获得的改性复合导线剪去首尾端后卷绕在固定套筒内表面，保证改性复合导线与终制磁芯表面不相接触，获得复合芯体结构，该复合芯体结构即为所需低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头。
  2. 一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头，其特征在于：该永磁导电触头由三部分组成：固定套筒、芯体和线圈，其中芯体为以按重量份计镧6份-8份、铈3.5份-4.5份、硼铁FeB22C0.05 100份-110份、钇5份-7份为原料混炼后再经以每次变形0.2mm-0.25mm的变形速率冷压变形调整再退火才最终获得的合金为芯，以纯铜为壳获得的复合芯体，复合芯体套装在固定套筒中；线圈由卷绕在芯体表面的苯胺改性碳纤维铝芯复合导线绕制而成，线圈卷绕在固定套筒的内表面。
     
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CN1484837A (zh) * 2001-11-22 2004-03-24 ס�����������ʽ���� 纳米复合磁体
CN2561084Y (zh) * 2002-07-15 2003-07-16 刘文华 弱弧微功耗接触器
CN106205919A (zh) * 2016-09-05 2016-12-07 北京大学 运用电子束加热快速制备纳米双相复合永磁材料的方法
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CN110534279A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2019-12-03 华南理工大学 一种纯高丰度稀土Ce,La,Y基多元纳米晶永磁合金及制备
CN111986907A (zh) * 2020-01-08 2020-11-24 山东光韵智能科技有限公司 一种低成本纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法
CN111986933A (zh) * 2020-01-16 2020-11-24 山东光韵智能科技有限公司 一种低成本软硬双相纳米复合永磁导电触头及其制造方法
CN111986908A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2020-11-24 山东光韵智能科技有限公司 一种低成本强制组装永磁导电触头及其制造方法
CN111986940A (zh) * 2020-01-23 2020-11-24 山东光韵智能科技有限公司 一种低成本强制组装软硬双相永磁导电触头及其制造方法

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