WO2021142673A1 - 电机转子及汽车 - Google Patents

电机转子及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021142673A1
WO2021142673A1 PCT/CN2020/072314 CN2020072314W WO2021142673A1 WO 2021142673 A1 WO2021142673 A1 WO 2021142673A1 CN 2020072314 W CN2020072314 W CN 2020072314W WO 2021142673 A1 WO2021142673 A1 WO 2021142673A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
outlet
flow
rotating shaft
end plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/072314
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈君
卞斐
李泉明
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/072314 priority Critical patent/WO2021142673A1/zh
Priority to JP2021557992A priority patent/JP7299338B2/ja
Priority to EP20913806.4A priority patent/EP3920384B1/en
Priority to CN202080064892.5A priority patent/CN114402512A/zh
Publication of WO2021142673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021142673A1/zh
Priority to US17/460,002 priority patent/US11611253B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of electric motors, and more specifically, to a motor rotor and an automobile with the motor rotor.
  • the drive motors of new energy vehicles have the advantages of high power density, high operating efficiency, and wide range of speed adjustment, and thus are widely used in industrial applications such as new energy vehicles.
  • the present application provides a motor rotor.
  • the structure of multiple laminations on the electrode rotor is the same, the mold cost and the production cost are low, and the cooling liquid in the single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer runners of the rotor can be radiated and cooled.
  • a motor rotor including: a rotating shaft (101) provided with at least one first liquid outlet (116);
  • the first end plate (103) is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (101) and is perpendicular to the rotating shaft (101), and at least one third flow channel (118) is provided on the first end plate (103)
  • the inlet (119) of the at least one third flow channel (118) is respectively connected with the at least one first outlet (116) of the rotating shaft (101);
  • the second end plate (104) Arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (101), perpendicular to the rotating shaft (101), the second end plate (104) is provided with at least one outlet (121) of the third flow channel (118), with To discharge the cooling liquid in the third flow channel (118), the cooling liquid enters the at least one third flow channel ( 118), and discharged through the outlet (121) of the at least one third flow channel (118);
  • a plurality of laminations (105) are arranged on the first end plate (103) and the second end plate ( 104), each of the plurality of laminations (105) is provided with at least one second through hole (120), and at least one second
  • the cooling liquid in the at least one third flow channel (118) is discharged through the outlet (121) of the at least one third flow channel (118) and then flows into the In the rotating shaft (101).
  • each of the plurality of laminations (105) is further provided with at least one third through hole (124), and the at least one third through hole (124) on each of the laminations
  • a third through hole (124) constitutes at least one fourth flow channel (122);
  • the second end plate (104) is also provided with at least one fourth flow channel (122) inlet (126), the at least The inlet (126) of a fourth flow channel (122) is in communication with the outlet (121) of the at least one third flow channel (118) on the second end plate (104) for connecting the at least one first
  • the cooling liquid in the three flow channels (118) is introduced into the at least one fourth flow channel (122);
  • the first end plate (103) is also provided with the at least one fourth flow channel (122)
  • the outlet (123) of) is used to discharge the cooling liquid in the at least one fourth flow channel (122), and the cooling liquid passes through the outlet (121) of the at least one third flow channel (118)
  • the at least one third flow channel (118) enters the at least one fourth flow channel (122), and is
  • the cooling liquid in the at least one fourth flow channel (122) is discharged through the outlet (123) of the at least one fourth flow channel (122) and then flows into The rotating shaft (101).
  • each of the plurality of laminations (105) is further provided with at least one fourth through hole (120A), and at least one of the laminations is The fourth through hole (120A) constitutes a fifth flow channel (118A), the second end plate (104) is provided with at least one inlet (119A) of the fifth flow channel (118A), and the rotating shaft (101) is At least one second liquid outlet (125) is also provided, and the inlet (119A) of the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) is respectively connected to the at least one second liquid outlet (125) on the rotating shaft (101).
  • the first end plate (103) is also provided with at least one outlet (121A) of the fifth flow channel (118A), and the outlet (121A) of the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) is used to
  • the cooling liquid in the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) is discharged, and the cooling liquid enters the at least one fifth flow channel through the at least one second liquid outlet (125) on the rotating shaft (101) (118A), and discharged through the outlet (121A) of the at least one fifth flow channel (118A).
  • the cooling liquid in the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) is discharged through the outlet (121A) of the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) and then flows into The rotating shaft (101).
  • each of the plurality of laminations (105) is further provided with at least one fifth through hole (124A), and at least one of the laminations is
  • the fifth through hole (124A) constitutes at least one sixth flow channel (122A)
  • the first end plate (103) is also provided with an inlet (126A) of the at least one sixth flow channel (122A)
  • the inlet (126A) of at least one sixth flow channel (122A) is in communication with the outlet (121A) of the fifth flow channel (118A) on the first end plate (103) for connecting the fifth flow channel
  • the cooling liquid in (118A) is introduced into the at least one sixth flow channel (122A), and the second end plate (104) is also provided with at least one outlet (123A) of the sixth flow channel (122A) )
  • the cooling liquid passes through the outlet (121A) of the at least one fifth flow channel (118A) from the at least one fifth flow channel (118A).
  • the cooling liquid in the at least one sixth flow channel (122A) is discharged through the outlet (123A) of the at least one sixth flow channel (122A) and then flows into The rotating shaft (101).
  • one or more of the following are evenly distributed around the rotating shaft (101): the at least one third flow channel (118), the at least one third The inlet (119) of the flow channel (118), the outlet (121) of the at least one third flow channel (118), the at least one second through hole (120), the at least one third flow channel (118) ), the at least one first liquid outlet (116).
  • a fixing assembly (108) is provided, and is connected to both ends of the inner wall of the rotating shaft (101) through the fixing assembly (108), and at least one first through hole ( 110), one end of the flow distribution device (102) is provided with an opening, and a first flow channel (106) is formed between the opening and the at least one first through hole (110), and the flow distribution device (102)
  • a baffle (107) is provided between the at least one first through hole (110) and the end opposite to the first flow channel (106), and the outer wall of the flow distribution device (102) is connected to the rotating shaft (
  • a second flow passage (109) is formed between the inner walls of 101), and the at least one first through hole (110) is used to communicate the first flow passage (106) and the second flow passage (109), the At least one first liquid outlet (116) on the rotating shaft (101) is in communication with the second flow passage (109
  • At least one first liquid outlet (116) on the rotating shaft (101) is in communication with the second flow channel (109), and is used to connect the first liquid outlet (116) to the second flow channel (109).
  • the cooling liquid in the second flow channel (109) is discharged, and the cooling liquid flows into the second flow channel (109) through the first flow channel (106) in the rotating shaft (101), and passes through the at least one The first liquid outlet (116) flows into the at least one third flow channel (118).
  • the fixing component (108) is an annular protrusion.
  • the fixing assembly (108) further includes a sealing ring (113).
  • the outer wall of the flow distribution device (102) is provided with a reinforcing component (112), and the reinforcing component (112) is used to connect all the components on the flow distribution device. Said at least one outer wall (102) on both sides of the first through hole (110).
  • the reinforcing component (112) is an elongated protrusion.
  • a spoiler component (114) is further provided on the outer wall of the flow distribution device (102).
  • the spoiler component (114) is a spherical protrusion.
  • the spoiler component (114) has a rotating shape.
  • the baffle (107) is located at an end of the flow distribution device (102) opposite to the first flow channel (106).
  • the height of the fixing assembly (108) is adjusted so that the distance between the flow distribution device (102) and the second flow channel (109) is adjusted to change .
  • a motor including: a motor stator and a motor rotor in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect and the first aspect.
  • a power assembly including the motor rotor in the first aspect and any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • an automobile including the motor rotor in the first aspect and any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another flow distribution device 102 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another flow distribution device 102 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another flow distribution device 102 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection. It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection. It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the car may include: one or more powertrains, battery packs and wheels.
  • the powertrain may include: motor, electric drive and reducer.
  • the motor is a device used to realize the mutual conversion of electrical energy and mechanical energy, which consists of two parts: a stator and a rotor.
  • the motor stator is the stationary part of the motor. It consists of three parts: the stator core, the stator winding and the frame. Its main function is to generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the motor rotor is the rotating part of the motor, and its main function is to be cut by the lines of magnetic force in the rotating magnetic field to generate (output) current.
  • the driving motors of automobiles have the advantages of high power density, high operating efficiency, and wide speed adjustment range, so they are widely used in industrial applications such as new energy automobiles.
  • the heat dissipation structure may mainly include an air-cooled structure, a water-cooled structure, and an oil-cooled structure.
  • the copper loss density of motor windings and the iron loss density of stator and rotor cores are relatively large. Excessive motor temperature will cause windings to burn and rotor magnetism. Steel demagnetization and other issues. Therefore, the rotor and stator windings of the motor need to be cooled and dissipated.
  • the motor rotor provided by the embodiment of the present application can be realized.
  • the structure of multiple laminations on the electrode rotor is the same, the mold cost and the production cost are lower, and the cooling liquid in the single-layer, double-layer, and multilayer runners of the rotor can be realized. Perform heat dissipation and cooling.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the motor rotor 100 may include: a rotating shaft 101, a first end plate 103, a second end plate 104, and a plurality of laminations 105.
  • the rotating shaft 101 may be a hollow rotating shaft, and one side of the rotating shaft 101 is provided with an opening to facilitate the introduction of cooling liquid into the rotating shaft 101.
  • the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 and are perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101.
  • a plurality of laminations 105 are laminated together, arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101, and arranged between the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 between.
  • the laminated sheet 105 may be a silicon steel sheet, or may also be a silicon steel sheet, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • At least one first liquid outlet 116 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, and at least one inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 is provided on the first end plate 103.
  • the position of the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118 is respectively corresponding to the The position of the at least one first liquid outlet 116 is opposite so that the cooling liquid flows into the inlet of the at least one third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 through the at least one first liquid outlet 116 on the outer wall of the rotary shaft 101 after entering the rotating shaft 101 119.
  • Each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is provided with at least one second through hole 120, and at least one second through hole 120 on each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is laminated together for forming The at least one third flow channel 118.
  • the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 is respectively communicated with the at least one third flow channel 118, and is respectively used for cooling the flow in the rotating shaft 101 through the at least one first liquid outlet 116 of the rotating shaft 101 The liquid is introduced into at least one third flow channel 118.
  • the second end plate 104 is provided with at least one outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118, and the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118 is respectively communicated with the at least one third flow channel 118 for connecting the at least one third flow channel 118
  • the cooling liquid flowing in is discharged.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • a second through hole 120 is provided on each of the plurality of laminations 105, and the plurality of laminations 105 are laminated together to form a third flow channel 118, and the first end plate
  • An inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 is provided on 103, and an outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 is provided on the second end plate 104 for description.
  • the cooling liquid enters the rotating shaft 101, and the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 is introduced into the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 through the first liquid outlet 116 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid enters the third flow channel 118 through the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 and is discharged through the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the position of the outlet 121 of the third flow passage 118 on the second end plate 104 may be opposite to the position of the stator end winding 117, so that the cooling liquid in the third flow passage 118 can pass through
  • the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 is sprayed on the surface of the stator end winding 117, so that the cooling liquid is used to cool the stator winding and reduce the copper loss density of the motor winding.
  • the coolant sprayed on the surface of the stator end winding 117 can also be circulated for use through a circulation loop.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the opening position of the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104.
  • the second end plate 104 can be opened along the vertical direction of the coolant flow in the rotating shaft 101, or can be opened at an oblique angle along the flow direction of the coolant in the rotating shaft 101, for example, the third end plate 104
  • the opening position of the outlet 121 of the flow channel 118 may be a direction obliquely 45° along the direction of the coolant flow in the rotating shaft 101.
  • At least one inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103, at least one outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104, and at least one second of the plurality of laminations 105 The shape of the through hole 120 may be different from each other, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the cooling liquid flowing in the rotating shaft 101 can flow into the at least one third flow channel 118 through the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118, and be discharged through the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the position of the at least one third flow channel 118 formed by the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118, the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118 and the at least one second through hole 120 of the plurality of laminations 105 may be around the rotation axis 101 distributed.
  • the position of the at least one third flow channel 118 formed by the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118, the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118 and the at least one second through hole 120 of the plurality of laminations 105 may be Evenly distributed around the shaft 101.
  • the at least one second through hole 120 provided on the plurality of laminations 105 may be a straight through hole, or may also be a spiral opening.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the opening may be, for example, a round hole, an elliptical hole, a diamond-shaped hole, a waist-shaped hole, and any combination of shapes and shapes.
  • the two-way cross flow direction of the coolant can be realized in multiple flow channels, so that the two-way cross heat dissipation of the coolant in the multiple flow channels can realize the heat dissipation of the rotor. Better cooling.
  • the structure of the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 may be the same.
  • one of the first end plate 103 or the second end plate 104 can be installed on one side of the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, and the first end plate 103 or the second end plate 104 can be mirrored on the other side of the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 The other, and rotate staggered by a fixed angle.
  • each of the plurality of laminations 105 is At least one fourth through hole 120A on the sheet 105 is laminated together to form at least one fifth flow channel 118A.
  • the first end plate 103 is also provided with at least one outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A, and the second end plate 104 is also provided with at least one inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A.
  • At least one second liquid outlet 125 is also provided on the rotating shaft 101, and the at least one second liquid outlet 125 is respectively communicated with the inlet 119A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104 for connecting the The cooling liquid flowing in the rotating shaft 101 is introduced into at least one fifth flow channel 118A.
  • each of the plurality of laminations 105 is provided with a second through hole 120 and a fourth through hole 120A, and each of the plurality of laminations 105 has a first through hole 120A.
  • the two through holes 120 are laminated together to form a third flow channel 118
  • the fourth through holes 120A of each of the plurality of laminations 105 are laminated together to form a fifth flow channel 118A
  • the first end plate 103 There is an inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 and an outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A
  • the second end plate 104 is provided with an outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 and an inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A. Take it as an example.
  • the positional relationship between the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 and the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A provided on the first end plate 103 is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the positions of the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 and the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the first end plate 103 may be separated by 180 degrees.
  • the positional relationship between the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 and the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A provided on the second end plate 104 is not specifically limited in this application.
  • FIG. 1 the positional relationship between the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 and the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A provided on the second end plate 104
  • the positions of the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 and the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A provided on the second end plate 104 may be separated by 180 degrees on the second end plate 104.
  • the positional relationship between the second through hole 120 and the fourth through hole 120A provided on the lamination 105 is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the positions of the second through holes 120 and the fourth through holes 120A may be separated by 180 degrees on the laminate 105.
  • n represents the number of openings provided on the first end plate 103 or the second end plate 104.
  • a second through hole 120 on each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is laminated together to form a third flow channel 118, and the third flow channel is provided on the first end plate 103
  • the inlet 119 of the 118 and the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 provided on the second end plate 104 are respectively communicated with the third flow channel 118, and are used to introduce the cooling liquid from the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 and flow through the third flow channel 118.
  • the flow channel 118 discharges the cooling liquid in the third flow channel 118 through the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 provided on the second end plate 104.
  • the fourth through holes 120A on each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 are laminated together to form a fifth flow channel 118A, and the entrance 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A provided on the second end plate 104 and the rotating shaft 101
  • the at least one second liquid outlet 125 on the upper part is used to introduce the cooling liquid flowing in the rotating shaft 101 into the fifth flow channel 118A through the at least one second liquid outlet 125, and then pass through the fifth flow channel 118A on the first end plate 103
  • the outlet 121A is discharged.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the cooling liquid can enter the rotating shaft 101 through an opening on one side of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the first liquid outlet 116 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 introduces the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 into the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103, and the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 passes through the first end plate 103.
  • the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 enters the third flow channel 118 and exits through the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104.
  • At least one second liquid outlet 125 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 introduces the coolant in the rotating shaft 101 into the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104, enters the fifth flow channel 118A, and passes through the first
  • the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the one end plate 103 is discharged.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the structure of the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 can be set to be the same, thereby realizing multiple flow channels and realizing bidirectional cross heat dissipation in the multiple flow channels.
  • the heat dissipation effect on the rotor is better.
  • the structure of the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 are the same, the mold cost and the production cost are low, and it is easy to implement.
  • the position of the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104 and the position of the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the first end plate 103 may be respectively the same as those at the two ends of the stator.
  • the positions of the end windings 117 are opposite so that the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 can spray the coolant in the third flow channel 118 on the surface of the end windings 117 at both ends of the stator, or the outlet of the fifth flow channel 118A 121A can spray the coolant in the fifth flow channel 118A on the surface of the windings 117 at both ends of the stator, thereby cooling and dissipating the stator windings and reducing the copper loss density of the motor windings.
  • the coolant sprayed on the surface of the stator end winding 117 can also be circulated for use through a circulation loop.
  • each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 may be provided with multiple layers of openings.
  • the first layer of openings on each lamination 105 includes at least one first layer.
  • the second layer opening on each laminate 105 includes at least one third through hole 124. And so on.
  • at least one second through hole 120 is respectively used to form at least one third flow channel 118, and at least one third through hole 124 is connected together to form at least one fourth flow channel 122, respectively. And so on.
  • the first end plate 103 may be provided with n inlets 119 of the third flow channel 118, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the cooling liquid enters at least one third flow channel 118 and at least one fourth flow channel 122 through at least one first liquid outlet 116 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid may flow in one direction in at least one third flow channel 118 and at least one fourth flow channel 122, or may flow in both directions in at least one third flow channel 118 and at least one fourth flow channel 122.
  • the second end plate 104 is also provided with one less inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122, and one less inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122 is on the second end plate 104.
  • the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118 of the at least one third flow channel 118 is used to flow the cooling liquid of the at least one third flow channel 118 to the at least one fourth flow channel 122 through the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118 respectively.
  • the cooling liquid enters the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118 from the at least one first liquid outlet 116 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, and enters the at least one third flow channel 118 through the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118. And through the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow channel 118, it enters the inlet 126 of one less fourth flow channel 122 connected to it, and enters the at least one fourth flow channel 122.
  • the first end plate 103 is also provided with at least one outlet 123 of the fourth flow channel 122, and respectively communicates with the at least one fourth flow channel 122, for discharging the cooling liquid in the at least one fourth flow channel 122.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122 on the second end plate 104 in the embodiment of the present application and the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 may also be the same port.
  • the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 is provided on the second end plate 104, the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 can also serve as the inlet of the fourth flow channel 122 at the same time.
  • the second end plate 104 is provided with the inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122, the inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122 can also serve as the outlet of the third flow channel 118 at the same time.
  • the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118 and the outlet 123 of the at least one fourth flow channel 122 on the first end plate 103 are respectively connected to the at least one first liquid outlet on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 116 is communicated so that the cooling liquid enters the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow channel 118 and the outlet 123 of the at least one fourth flow channel 122 from the at least one first liquid outlet 116 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 respectively.
  • the cooling liquid may enter the at least one fourth flow channel 122 through the outlet 123 of the at least one fourth flow channel 122 and be discharged through the inlet 126 of the fourth flow channel 122 communicating with the at least one fourth flow channel 122.
  • the cooling liquid may enter the at least one third flow passage 118 through the inlet 119 of the at least one third flow passage 118, and pass through the outlet 121 of the at least one third flow passage 118 that is in communication with the at least one third flow passage 118. discharge.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the position of the outlet 123 of the fourth flow passage 122 on the first end plate 103 is opposite to the position of the stator end winding 117, so that the outlet 123 of the fourth flow passage 122 can remove the cooling liquid in the fourth flow passage 122. It is sprayed on the surface of the stator end winding 117, so that the coolant sprayed through the outlet 123 of the fourth runner 122 can cool the stator winding and reduce the copper loss density of the motor winding. The coolant sprayed on the surface of the stator end winding 117 can also be circulated for use through a circulation loop.
  • the structures of the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 104 may also be the same.
  • at least one fourth through hole 120A of each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is also provided, and at least one fourth through hole 120A of each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is laminated
  • At least one fifth flow channel 118A is formed together.
  • At least one fifth through hole 124A of each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is further provided, and at least one fifth through hole 124A of each lamination 105 of the plurality of laminations 105 is laminated together to form at least one The sixth runner 122A.
  • the second end plate 104 is also provided with at least one inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A, and the first end plate 103 is also provided with at least one outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A.
  • the inlet 119A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A and the outlet 121A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A are respectively communicated with the at least one fifth flow channel 118A.
  • the inlet 119A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104 can introduce the coolant in the rotating shaft 101 and flow through the at least one fifth flow channel 118A through the at least one second liquid outlet 125 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101 .
  • the first end plate 103 is also provided with at least one inlet 126A of the sixth flow channel 122A
  • the second end plate 104 is also provided with at least one outlet 123A of the sixth flow channel 122A, wherein the at least one sixth flow channel 122A
  • the inlet 126A of the first end plate 103 communicates with the outlet 121A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A, and is used to flow the cooling liquid of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A to the at least one outlet 121A of the at least one fifth flow channel 118A.
  • the sixth runner 122A The outlet 123A of the at least one sixth flow channel 122A on the second end plate 104 is used to discharge the cooling liquid in the at least one sixth flow channel 122A.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the inlet 126A of the sixth flow channel 122A on the first end plate 103 in the embodiment of the present application may also be the same port as the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A.
  • the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A can also serve as the entrance of the sixth flow channel 122A.
  • the inlet 126A of the sixth flow channel 122A can also serve as the outlet of the fifth flow channel 118A.
  • each of the plurality of laminations 105 may be provided with multiple layers of openings.
  • each laminate 105 of the plurality of laminates 105 is provided with two layers of openings.
  • the first layer of openings includes three second through holes 120 and three fourth through holes 120A.
  • the second layer opening includes three third through holes 124 and three fifth through holes 124A as an example for description.
  • n inlets 119 may be provided on the first end plate 103, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the cooling liquid enters at least one fifth flow channel 118A and at least one sixth flow channel 122A through at least one second liquid outlet 125 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid may flow in a unidirectional direction in at least one fifth flow channel 118A and at least one sixth flow channel 122A, or may flow in a bidirectional direction in at least one fifth flow channel 118A and at least one sixth flow channel 122A.
  • the first end plate 103 is provided with three inlets 119 of the third flow channel 118, three outlets 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A, and three outlets 123 and 3 of the fourth flow channel 122.
  • the second end plate 104 has the same structure as the first end plate 103, and is also provided with three inlets 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A, three outlets 121 of the third flow channel 118, and three outlets 123A of the sixth flow channel 122A. And three entrances 126 of the fourth flow channel 122.
  • the positional relationship between the inlets 119 of the three third flow passages 118 provided on the first end plate 103, the positional relationship between the outlets 121A of the three fifth flow passages 118A, and the positional relationship between the three fourth flow passages 122 The positional relationship between the outlet 123 and the inlets 126A of the three sixth flow channels 122A is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the positional relationship between the inlets 119A of the three fifth flow passages 118A provided on the second end plate 104 the positional relationship between the outlets 121 of the three third flow passages 118, and the three sixth flow passages
  • the positional relationship between the outlet 123A of 122A and the inlets 126 of the three fourth flow passages 122 is also not specifically limited.
  • the foregoing can be evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 101.
  • the entrances 119 of the three third flow passages 118 on the first end plate 103 are separated by 120 degrees.
  • the exits 121A of the three fifth flow passages 118A are also separated by 120 degrees.
  • the exits 123 of the channels 122 are also separated by 120 degrees, and the entrances 126A of the three sixth flow channels 122A are separated by 120 degrees.
  • the cooling liquid can enter the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 can be introduced into the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 through the first liquid outlet 116 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid enters the third flow channel 118 through the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103, and passes through the inlet of the four flow channel 122 that communicates with the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104 ( 126) Flow into the fourth flow channel 122, and then exit through the outlet 123 of the fourth flow channel 122 on the first end plate 103.
  • the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 can also introduce the cooling liquid in the rotating shaft 101 into the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104 through the second liquid outlet 125 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the cooling liquid enters the fifth flow channel 118A through the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104, and passes through the inlet of the sixth flow channel 122A on the first end plate 103 that communicates with the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A (126A) flows into the sixth flow channel 122A, and exits through the outlet 123A of the sixth flow channel 122A on the second end plate 104.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • multiple layers of runners can be realized in a plurality of laminations, which are used to cool the temperature of the laminations through the cooling liquid in the multilayered runners, and the heat dissipation effect is better.
  • convective heat exchange between the inner wall surface of the rotor shaft and the coolant can be used to achieve cooling and heat dissipation of the rotor. Since the hot spot area of the rotor is usually located in the axial center part of the rotor, the coolant needs to be preferentially delivered to the corresponding specific area in the rotor shaft. On the other hand, the cooling liquid can also be sprayed on the end windings on both sides of the motor stator through the rotating movement of the rotor, so as to realize the heat dissipation and cooling of the stator windings. This method requires stable and effective distribution of the coolant entering the rotor to the two ends of the rotor inside the rotor.
  • the embodiments of the application provide a flow distribution device, which can effectively transport the coolant entering the shaft to a specific position in the axial direction of the shaft. Furthermore, under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating shaft, the stable flow distribution of the cooling liquid to the two ends of the rotor is realized.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the motor rotor 100 may include: a rotating shaft 101, a flow distribution device 102, a first end plate 103, a second end plate 104, and a plurality of laminations 105.
  • the flow distribution device 102 refer to the diagonally shaded part in FIG. 6.
  • the flow distribution device 102 is embedded in the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101 and moves along with the rotating shaft 101.
  • the flow distribution device 102 has a hollow structure.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the shape of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the flow distribution device 102 may be a hollow cylinder.
  • the flow distribution device 102 may also be a hollow three-dimensional structure.
  • the flow distribution device 102 is fixed on the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101. Specifically, the two ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 along the axial direction of the shaft 101 are provided with fixing components 108 for fixing the flow distribution device 102 on the inner walls of the inner cavity of the shaft 101 through the fixing components 108 at both ends of the outer wall.
  • the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 is provided with at least one first through hole 110 in the axial direction, and the at least one first through hole 110 is respectively communicated with the first flow channel 106 and the second flow channel 109 for connecting the first flow channel 106 and the second flow channel. Road 109.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific position of the at least one first through hole 110 provided on the flow distribution device 102, and the opening position of the at least one first through hole 110 on the wall surface of the hollow shaft structure of the flow distribution device 102 can be adjusted. , So as to realize the effective delivery of the cooling liquid to the specific axial position of the rotating shaft 101.
  • a second flow passage 109 is formed between the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 and the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the end of the flow distribution device 102 fixed to the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101 is provided with an opening, and a first flow channel 106 is formed between the opening and the at least one first through hole 110.
  • a baffle (107) is provided between at least one first through hole (110) of the flow distribution device 102 and the end opposite to the first flow channel (106), and the baffle 107 is used to prevent the cooling liquid in the first flow channel 106. It flows from the flow distribution device 102.
  • the baffle (107) is located at an end of the flow distribution device (102) opposite to the first flow channel (106).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific shape of the fixing components 108 on the two ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 along the axial direction of the shaft 101, as long as the two ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 and the inner walls of the inner cavity of the shaft 101 can be realized. It can be fixed or sealed between.
  • the fixing component 108 is an annular protrusion on both ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102, and the outer wall of the annular protrusion and the inner cavity wall of the rotating shaft 101 adopt an interference fit to achieve flow
  • the two ends of the outer wall of the distribution device 102 and the two ends of the wall surface of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101 are sealed and axially fixed.
  • the fixing component 108 is an annular protrusion and a sealing ring on both ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the annular protrusions 108 on both ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 are provided with grooves, and the grooves are provided with a sealing ring 113, and the outer wall surface of the annular protrusion 108 and the seal in the groove
  • the ring 113 and the wall surface of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101 adopt an interference fit to realize the sealing and axial fixation between the two ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 and the two ends of the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the inner diameter, outer diameter, and wall thickness dimensions of the flow distribution device 102, and the radial space dimensions of the first flow channel 106 and/or the second flow channel 109 can be set according to actual needs. Make adjustments.
  • the radial space size of the first flow channel 106 can be increased, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant entering the rotating shaft 101.
  • the radial space size of the second runner 109 can also be reduced to increase the coverage area between the coolant entering the shaft 101 and the inner wall of the shaft 101, enhance the convective heat transfer of the shaft 101, and increase the counter-rotating shaft. 101 has the effect of cooling and cooling.
  • the cooling liquid may enter the first flow channel 106 from the inlet channel of the cooling liquid, and enter the second flow channel 109 through at least one first through hole 110 axially provided on the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the cooling liquid entering the rotating shaft 101 can be delivered to a specific position in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 101, and then under the centrifugal force of the rotating shaft 101, a stable flow distribution of the cooling liquid to the two ends of the rotor 100 can be realized, so as to solve the problem of cooling and dissipating heat from the rotor of the motor.
  • the at least one first through hole 110 axially provided on the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 may be evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 101.
  • an axial fixing part 111 is provided at the other end of the rotating shaft 101 opposite to the end that is provided with the opening and forming the first flow passage 106, so as to facilitate the axial fixing of the flow distribution device 102 located in the rotating shaft 101. To fix.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the fixed part 111, as long as it can prevent the coolant entering the flow distribution device 102 from flowing out.
  • the fixed part 111 may be a baffle.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the material of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the flow distribution device 102 may be made of plastic, or metal, or other materials.
  • the flow distribution device 102 can be processed by the mold to realize low-cost production.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the coolant entering the first flow channel 106 and the second flow channel 109, and it can be water, or oil, or other cooling fluid. Chemical solution.
  • the height of the fixing components 108 provided at the two ends of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 101 can also be adjusted, so as to adjust the distance between the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101 and the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102. In order to adjust the proportion of the cooling liquid entering the two ends of the rotating shaft 101 in the second flow channel 109.
  • a reinforcing component may be provided on the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the reinforcing component can be used to connect the flow distribution device 102 at both ends of the at least one first through hole 110 to provide support between the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 and the inner wall of the rotating shaft 101. It can be used to solve the problem of damage caused by insufficient structural strength of the flow distribution device 102 when the rotor 100 rotates at a high speed.
  • the reinforcing component may be a reinforcing rib 112 as shown in FIG. 7, and the reinforcing rib 112 may be, for example, an elongated protrusion on the flow distribution device 102 distributed along the axial direction.
  • the direction of the elongated protrusion may be parallel to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 101, or may also have a certain angle with the axial direction of the rotating shaft 101, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the reinforcement rib 112 is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 101 as an example for description.
  • the annular protrusion 108 on both sides of the outer wall of the flow distribution device 102 is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring 113 is provided in the groove.
  • a spoiler component may also be provided on the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the convective heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the second flow channel 109 and the wall surface of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101 is enhanced, and the heat dissipation capacity of the rotor is improved.
  • the spoiler component can also strengthen and support the flow distribution device 102.
  • the spoiler component provided on the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102 is at least one protrusion 114.
  • the at least one protrusion 114 can enhance the convective heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the second flow channel 109 and the wall surface of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101, and improve the heat dissipation capacity of the rotor.
  • the shape of the at least one protrusion 114 in FIG. 8 is not specifically limited, and it may be a spherical protrusion or may also be a protrusion of other shapes.
  • the protrusion 114 is a spherical protrusion as an example for description.
  • the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102 may also be provided with a pressurizing structure.
  • the pressurizing structure can also play a role of turbulence, enhance the convective heat exchange between the coolant in the second flow channel 109 and the wall of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101, and improve the heat dissipation capacity of the rotor.
  • the pressurizing structure also plays a role of strengthening and supporting the flow distribution device 102. Exemplarily, in a possible implementation manner, as shown in FIG.
  • the pressurizing structure is a spiral structure 115 provided on the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the spiral structure 115 is rotated to produce a pumping effect on the cooling liquid in the second flow channel 109.
  • the spiral structure 115 can also enhance the convective heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the second flow channel 109 and the wall surface of the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 101 and the strengthening and supporting effect of the flow distribution device 102.
  • the at least one protrusion 114 on the outer wall surface of the flow distribution device 102 shown in FIG. 8 may also be arranged in a spiral shape as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the flow distribution device in the rotating shaft cavity of the motor rotor provided by the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and strong versatility, the size can be flexibly adjusted, and there is no special processing requirement for the rotating shaft.
  • the flow distribution device can enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the rotor, and the cooling effect is better.
  • the flow distribution device can also be injection molded with a mold, and the cost is low.
  • the flow distribution device 102 inside the rotating shaft 101 is described above.
  • the cooling liquid enters the flow distribution device 102 in the rotating shaft 101, and then enters the first end plate 103 and/or the second end plate 103 and/or the second end plate 103 through the flow distribution device 102.
  • the specific implementation of the end plate 104 is described.
  • the coolant enters the flow distribution device 102 in the rotating shaft 101, and enters the first end plate 103 and/or the second end plate 104 through the flow distribution device 102, and is located on the first end plate 103 and the second end plate 103 and the second end plate.
  • the multiple laminations 105 between the end plates 104 can be any of the structures shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 For ease of description, the structure shown in the first end plate 103, the second end plate 104, and the plurality of laminations 105 in Fig. 3 above is described in FIG. 6.
  • the coolant in the second flow channel 109 flows into the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the first end plate 103 through the first liquid outlet 116 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, and then passes through the first end plate
  • the inlet 119 of the third flow channel 118 on the 103 enters the third flow channel 118 and exits through the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104.
  • the cooling liquid in the second flow channel 109 flows into the fifth flow channel 118A at the inlet 119A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the second end plate 104 through the second liquid outlet 125 provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 101, and then passes through the first flow channel 118A.
  • the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the one end plate 103 is discharged.
  • the discharged coolant can be circulated for use through the circulation loop. Specifically, it can flow into the rotating shaft (101) through a circulation loop for cyclic use.
  • the position of the outlet 121 of the third flow channel 118 on the second end plate 104 and the position of the outlet 121A of the fifth flow channel 118A on the first end plate 103 may be opposite to the positions of the end windings 117 at both ends of the stator, respectively, so as to facilitate the first
  • the outlet 121 of the three runners 118 can spray the coolant in the third runner 118 on the surface of the end windings 117 at both ends of the stator, or the exit 121A of the fifth runner 118A can cool the fifth runner 118A
  • the liquid is sprayed on the surface of the windings 117 at both ends of the stator, thereby cooling and dissipating the stator windings and reducing the copper loss density of the motor windings.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a motor, which includes a motor stator and a motor rotor.
  • the motor rotor can be any one of the above descriptions, so as to achieve cooling and heat dissipation of the motor stator windings and reduce the copper loss density of the motor windings.
  • the motor rotor please refer to the above description, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a power assembly including a motor.
  • the powertrain may also include an electric drive and a reducer.
  • an electric drive and a reducer please refer to the above description, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an automobile, which includes one or more powertrains.
  • the car may also include: battery packs and wheels.
  • At least one refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
  • the following at least one item (a)” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • at least one item (a) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple .

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Abstract

一种电机转子（100），包括：转轴（101），设有至少一个第一出液口（116）；第一端板（103），设置在转轴（101）的外壁上，与转轴（101）垂直，第一端板（103）上设有至少一个第三流道（118）的入口（119）；第二端板（104），设在转轴（101）的外壁上，与转轴（101）垂直，第二端板（104）上设有至少一个第三流道（118）的出口（121）；多个叠片（105），设在第一端板（103）和第二端板（104）之间，多个叠片（105）的每个叠片上的至少一个第二通孔（120）构成至少一个第三流道（118）。该电机转子（100）上多个叠片（105）的结构相同，模具成本和生产成本较低。

Description

电机转子及汽车 技术领域
本申请涉及电机领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电机转子及具有该电机转子的汽车。
背景技术
新能源汽车的驱动电机具有功率密度高、运行效率高、调速范围广等优点，从而在新能源汽车等工业应用中得到广泛的应用。
近年来随着新能源汽车领域对驱动电机高功率密度和高转速的不断追求，电机绕组铜损密度和定转子铁芯的铁损密度较大，过高的电机温度会导致绕组烧毁，转子磁钢退磁等问题。所以，需要对电机的转子进行降温散热。
传统的技术方案中，通过嵌套在转子转轴上的多个结构不同的叠片叠压在一起形成冷却液的流动通道。由于嵌套在转子转轴上的多个叠片的结构不同，增加了复杂度和实现的成本。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电机转子，电极转子上多个叠片的结构相同，模具成本和生产成本较低，且可以实现转子单层，双层，多层流道中的冷却液进行散热，降温。
第一方面，提供了一种电机转子，包括：转轴(101)，设有至少一个第一出液口(116)；
第一端板(103)，设置在所述转轴(101)的外壁上，与所述转轴(101)垂直，所述第一端板(103)上设有至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)分别与所述转轴(101)的至少一个第一出液口(116)连通；第二端板(104)，设置在所述转轴(101)的外壁上，与所述转轴(101)垂直，所述第二端板(104)上设有至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)，用于将所述第三流道(118)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)上的所述第一出液口(116)进入所述至少一个第三流道(118)，并经过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)排出；多个叠片(105)，设置在所述第一端板(103)和所述第二端板(104)之间，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上设置有至少一个第二通孔(120)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第二通孔(120)构成所述至少一个第三流道(118)。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个第三流道(118)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第三通孔(124)，所述每个叠片上的所述至少一个第三通孔(124)构成至少一个第四流道(122)；所述第二端板(104)上还设有至少一个第四流道(122)的入口(126)，所述至少一个第四流道(122)的入口(126)与所述第二端板(104)上所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)连通，用于将所述至少一个第三流道(118)中的所述冷却 液引入到所述至少一个第四流道(122)中；所述第一端板(103)上还设有所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)，用于将所述至少一个第四流道(122)中的所述冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)从所述至少一个第三流道(118)进入所述至少一个第四流道(122)，并经过所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)排出。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个第四流道(122)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第四通孔(120A)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第四通孔(120A)构成第五流道(118A)，所述第二端板(104)上设有至少一个第五流道(118A)的入口(119A)，所述转轴(101)上还设有至少一个第二出液口(125)，所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的入口(119A)分别与所述转轴(101)上的至少一个第二出液口(125)连通，所述第一端板(103)上还设有至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)，所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)用于将所述至少一个第五流道(118A)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)上的所述至少一个第二出液口(125)进入所述至少一个第五流道(118A)，并经过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A))排出。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个第五流道(118A)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第五通孔(124A)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第五通孔(124A)构成至少一个第六流道(122A)，所述第一端板(103)上还设有所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的入口(126A)，所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的入口(126A)与所述第一端板(103)上所述第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)连通，用于将所述第五流道(118A)中的所述冷却液引入到所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中，所述第二端板(104)上还设有至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)，用于将所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)从所述至少一个第五流道(118A)进入所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中，并经过所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)排出。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，以下中的一种或多种绕所述转轴(101)均匀分布：所述至少一个第三流道(118)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)，所述至少一个第二通孔(120)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)，所述至少一个第一出液口(116)。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：流量分配装置(102)，为空心结构，位于所述转轴(101)的内部，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁两端设置有固定组件(108)，并通过所述固定组件(108)与所述转轴(101)内壁两端连接，所述流量分配装置(102)的侧壁上设有至少一个第一通孔(110)，所述流量分配装置(102)的一端设有开口，所述开口与所述至少一个第一通孔(110)之间构成第一流道(106)，所述流 量分配装置(102)中所述至少一个第一通孔(110)和与所述第一流道(106)相对的一端之间设置有挡板(107)，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁与所述转轴(101)的内壁之间形成第二流道(109)，所述至少一个第一通孔(110)用于连通所述第一流道(106)和所述第二流道(109)，所述转轴(101)上的至少一个第一出液口(116)与所述第二流道(109)连通，用于将所述第二流道(109)中的冷却液排出。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述转轴(101)上的至少一个第一出液口(116)与所述第二流道(109)连通，用于将所述第二流道(109)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)中的所述第一流道(106)流入所述第二流道(109)，并经过所述至少一个第一出液口(116)流入所述至少一个第三流道(118)中。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述固定组件(108)为环形凸起。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述固定组件(108)上还包括密封圈(113)。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁设置有加强组件(112)，所述加强组件(112)用于连接所述流量分配装置上的所述至少一个第一通孔(110)两侧的外壁(102)。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述加强组件(112)为长条形凸起。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁上还设有扰流组件(114)。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述扰流组件(114)为球形凸起。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述扰流组件(114)为旋转状。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，所述挡板(107)位于所述流量分配装置(102)的中与所述第一流道(106)相对的一端。
在第一方面的另一种可能的实现方式中，调节所述固定组件(108)的高度，使得调节所述流量分配装置(102)与所述第二流道(109)之间的距离改变。
第二方面，提供了一种电机，包括：电机定子和如第一方面及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的电机转子。
第三方面，提供了一种动力总成，包括如第一方面及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的电机转子。
第四方面，提供了一种汽车，包括如第一方面及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中的电机转子。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种汽车的示意性结构图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种流量分配装置102的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种流量分配装置102的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种流量分配装置102的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本本申请实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
下面先结合图1，对汽车的结构进行描述。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种汽车的示意性结构图。如图1所示，该汽车可以包括：一个或多个动力总成，电池包以及车轮。
动力总成可以包括：电机，电驱动和减速器。其中，电机是一种用来实现电能和机械能相互转换的装置，由定子和转子两部分组成。电机定子是电动机静止不动的部分，由定子铁芯、定子绕组和机座三部分组成，其主要作用是产生旋转磁场。电机转子为电机中旋转的部分，其主要作用是在旋转磁场中被磁力线切割进而产生(输出)电流。
汽车(例如，新能源汽车)的驱动电机具有功率密度高、运行效率高、调速范围广等优点，从而在新能源汽车等工业应用中得到广泛的应用。根据驱动电机的冷却方式，散热结构主要可以包括风冷结构、水冷结构和油冷结构。近年来随着新能源汽车领域对驱动电机高功率密度和高转速的不断追求，电机绕组铜损密度和定转子铁芯的铁损密度较大，过高的电机温度会导致绕组烧毁，转子磁钢退磁等问题。所以，需要对电机的转子和定子绕组进行降温散热。
传统的技术方案中，通过嵌套在转子转轴上的多个结构不同的叠片叠压在一起形成冷却液的流动通道。由于嵌套在转子转轴上的多个叠片的结构不同，增加了复杂度和实现的成本。
本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子，可以实现，电极转子上多个叠片的结构相同，模具成本和生产成本较低，且可以实现转子单层，双层，多层流道中的冷却液进行散热，降温。
下面结合图2，对本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子进行详细描述。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。如图2所示，该电机转子100可以包括：转轴101，第一端板103，第二端板104，多个叠片105。
转轴101可以是一个空心转轴，转轴101的一侧设置有开口，以便于将冷却液引入到到转轴101中。
第一端板103和第二端板104设置在所述转轴101的外壁两侧，与转轴101内冷却液的流动方向垂直。多个叠片105叠压在一起，设置在所述转轴101的外壁上，与转轴101内冷却液的流动方向垂直，并设在所述第一端板103和所述第二端板104之间。
应理解，叠片105可以是硅钢片，或者还可以是矽钢片，本申请对此不做具体限定。
转轴101的外壁上设置有至少一个第一出液口116，第一端板103上设置有至少一个第三流道118的入口119，至少一个第三流道118的入口119的位置分别与该至少一个第一出液口116的位置相对，以便于冷却液进入转轴101后通过转轴101外壁上的至少一个第一出液口116流入第一端板103上至少一个第三流道118的入口119。多个叠片105的每个叠片105上设置有至少一个第二通孔120，多个叠片105中每个叠片105上的至少一个第二通孔120叠压在一起分别用于形成该至少一个第三流道118。第一端板103上的至少一个第三流道118的入口119分别与至少一个第三流道118连通，分别用于通过转轴101的至少一个第一出液口116将转轴101中流动的冷却液引入到至少一个第三流道118中。第二端板104上设置有至少一个第三流道118的出口121，至少一个第三流道118的出口121分别与至少一个第三流道118连通，用于将至少一个第三流道118中流动的冷却液排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
应理解，上述的至少一个可以是一个，或者也可以是多个，本申请对此不做具体限定。为了便于描述，图2中以多个叠片105中每个叠片105上设置有一个第二通孔120，多个叠片105叠压在一起形成一个第三流道118，第一端板103上设置有一个第三流道118的入口119，第二端板104上设置有一个第三流道118的出口121进行说明。
在图2中，冷却液进入转轴101中，并经过转轴101外壁上设置的第一出液口116将转轴101中冷却液引入第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119。冷却液经过第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119进入第三流道118，并经过第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
可选的，在一些实施例中，第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121的位置可以与定子端部绕组117的位置相对，以便于第三流道118中的冷却液可以经过第三流道118的出口121喷撒在定子端部绕组117的表面，从而通过该冷却液实现对定子绕组的降温散热，减小电机绕组铜损密度。喷撒在定子端部绕组117的表面的冷却液也可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例对第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121的开孔位置不做具体限定。可以是在第二端板104上沿转轴101内冷却液流向垂直的方向开孔，或者也可以沿转轴101内冷却液的流向斜一定的角度开孔，例如，第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121的开孔位置可以是沿转轴101内冷却液流向斜45°的方向。
本申请实施例中，第一端板103上至少一个第三流道118的入口119，第二端板104上至少一个第三流道118的出口121以及多个叠片105的至少一个第二通孔120的形状可以互不相同，本申请对此不做具体限定。只要转轴101内流动的冷却液可以经过至少一个第三流道118的入口119分别流入至少一个第三流道118，并经过至少一个第三流道118的出口121排出即可。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过 循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
至少一个第三流道118的入口119，至少一个第三流道118的出口121以及多个叠片105的至少一个第二通孔120形成的至少一个第三流道118的位置可以绕转轴101分布。优选的，至少一个第三流道118的入口119，至少一个第三流道118的出口121以及多个叠片105的至少一个第二通孔120形成的至少一个第三流道118的位置可以绕转轴101均匀分布。
本申请中，多个叠片105上设置的至少一个第二通孔120可以是直通孔，或者也可以是螺旋状开孔。开孔截面形状例如可以是圆孔、椭圆孔、菱形孔、腰形孔等任意形状及形状的组合。
可选地，在一些实施例中，为了对电机转子实现更好的散热效果，可以在多个流道中实现冷却液的双向交叉流向，从而通过多个流道中冷却液的双向交叉散热实现对转子更好的降温。
例如，本申请实施例中，第一端板103和第二端板104的结构可以相同。在安装时，可以在转轴101外壁的一侧安装第一端板103或第二端板104的其中一个，在转轴101的外壁的另一侧镜像安装第一端板103或第二端板104的另一个，并旋转错开一个固定的角度。
在图2所示的实施例的基础上，多个叠片105的每个叠片105上还设置有至少一个第四通孔120A，如图3所示，多个叠片105中每个叠片105上的至少一个第四通孔120A叠压在一起形成至少一个第五流道118A。第一端板103上还设置有至少一个第五流道118A的出口121A，第二端板104上还设置有至少一个第五流道118A的入口119A。转轴101上还设置有至少一个第二出液口125，所述至少一个第二出液口125分别与第二端板104上的至少一个第五流道118A的入口119A连通，用于将所述转轴101中流动的冷却液引入到至少一个第五流道118A中。
为了便于描述，图3中以多个叠片105中每个叠片105上设置有一个第二通孔120以及一个第四通孔120A，多个叠片105中每个叠片105的一个第二通孔120叠压在一起形成一个第三流道118，多个叠片105中每个叠片105的第四通孔120A叠压在一起形成一个第五流道118A，第一端板103上设置有一个第三流道118的入口119以及一个第五流道118A的出口121A，第二端板104上设置有一个第三流道118的出口121以及一个第五流道118A的入口119A作为示例进行说明。
参见图3，对于第一端板103而言，第一端板103上设置的第三流道118的入口119以及第五流道118A的出口121A的位置关系本申请不做具体限定。例如，图3中，第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119以及第五流道118A的出口121A的位置在该第一端板103上可以间隔180度。同样的，对于第二端板104而言，第二端板104上设置的第三流道118的出口121以及第五流道118A的入口119A的位置关系本申请不做具体限定。例如，图3中，第二端板104上设置的第三流道118的出口121以及第五流道118A的入口119A的位置在该第二端板104上可以间隔180度。对于多个叠片105中每个叠片105而言，该叠片105上设置的第二通孔120以及第四通孔120A的位置关系本申请不做具体限定。例如，图3中，第二通孔120以及第四通孔120A的位置在该叠片105上可以间隔180度。
在安装时，可以将第二端板104旋转360/n＝360/2＝180度。其中，n表示第一端板103或第二端板104上设置的开孔的数量。例如，图3中第一端板103上设置有一个第三流道118的入口119以及一个第五流道118A的出口121A，n＝2。
如图3所示，该多个叠片105的每个叠片105上的一个第二通孔120叠压在一起形成一个第三流道118，第一端板103上设置的第三流道118的入口119以及第二端板104上设置的第三流道118的出口121分别与第三流道118连通，用于从第三流道118的入口119将冷却液引入并流过第三流道118，经过第二端板104上设置的第三流道118的出口121将所述第三流道118中的冷却液排出。该多个叠片105的每个叠片105上的第四通孔120A叠压在一起形成一个第五流道118A，第二端板104上设置的第五流道118A的入口119A与转轴101上的至少一个第二出液口125，用于将转轴101中流动的冷却液通过至少一个第二出液口125引入第五流道118A，并经过第一端板103上第五流道118A的出口121A排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
在图3中，冷却液可以经过转轴101一侧的开口进入转轴101中。一方面，转轴101外壁上设置的第一出液口116将转轴101中冷却液引入第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119，转轴101中的冷却液经过第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119进入第三流道118，并经过第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121排出。另一方面，转轴101外壁上设置的至少一个第二出液口125将转轴101中冷却液引入第二端板104上第五流道118A的入口119A，进入第五流道118A，并经过第一端板103上第五流道118A的出口121A排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
本申请实施例中可以将图2所示的实施例中第一端板103和第二端板104的结构设置为相同，从而实现多个流道，并在多个流道中实现双向交叉散热，对转子的散热效果较好。并且，第一端板103和第二端板104的结构相同，模具成本和生产成本较低，易于实现。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121的位置以及第一端板103上的第五流道118A的出口121A的位置可以分别与定子两端端部绕组117的位置相对，以便于第三流道118的出口121可以将第三流道118中的冷却液喷撒在定子两端端部绕组117的表面，或第五流道118A的出口121A可以将第五流道118A中的冷却液喷撒在定子两端端部绕组117的表面，从而实现对定子绕组的降温散热，减小电机绕组铜损密度。喷撒在定子端部绕组117的表面的冷却液也可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。
可选地，在一些实施例中，多个叠片105的每个叠片105上可以设置有多层开孔，例如图4，每个叠片105上的第一层开孔包括至少一个第二通孔120。每个叠片105上的第二层开孔包括至少一个第三通孔124。以此类推。其中，至少一个第二通孔120分别用于形成至少一个第三流道118，至少一个第三通孔124连通在一起分别用于形成至少一个第四流道122。依次类推。
如图4所示，第一端板103上可以设置有n个第三流道118的入口119，其中，n为大于或等于2的正整数。冷却液通过转轴101外壁上的至少一个第一出液口116进入至少一个第三流道118以及至少一个第四流道122中。冷却液在至少一个第三流道118以及至少一个第四流道122中可以是单向流向，或者也可以是在至少一个第三流道118以及至少 一个第四流道122中双向流向。
一种可能的实现方式中，参见图4，第二端板104上还设置有少一个第四流道122的入口126，该少一个第四流道122的入口126与第二端板104上的至少一个第三流道118的出口121连通，用于将至少一个第三流道118的冷却液通过至少一个第三流道118的出口121分别流向至少一个第四流道122。冷却液从转轴101外壁上的至少一个第一出液口116进入至少一个第三流道118的入口119，通过该至少一个第三流道118的入口119进入至少一个第三流道118。并通过至少一个第三流道118的出口121进入与其连通的少一个第四流道122的入口126，并进入至少一个第四流道122中。第一端板103上还设有至少一个第四流道122的出口123，并分别与至少一个第四流道122连通，用于将所述至少一个第四流道122中的冷却液排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中第二端板104上的第四流道122的入口126也可以和第三流道118的出口121为同一个口。也就是说，如果第二端板104上设有第三流道118的出口121，该第三流道118的出口121同时还可以作为第四流道122的入口。如果第二端板104上设有第四流道122的入口126，该第四流道122的入口126同时还可以作为第三流道118的出口。
另一种可能的实现方式中，第一端板103上至少一个第三流道118的入口119以及至少一个第四流道122的出口123分别与转轴101外壁上的至少一个第一出液口116连通，以便于冷却液从转轴101外壁上的至少一个第一出液口116分别进入至少一个第三流道118的入口119以及至少一个第四流道122的出口123。一方面，冷却液可以经过至少一个第四流道122的出口123进入该至少一个第四流道122，并经过与至少一个第四流道122连通的第四流道122的入口126排出。另一方面，冷却液可以经过至少一个第三流道118的入口119进入该至少一个第三流道118，并经过与至少一个第三流道118连通的至少一个第三流道118的出口121排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
可选地，第一端板103上第四流道122的出口123的位置与定子端部绕组117的位置相对，以便于第四流道122的出口123将第四流道122中的冷却液喷撒在定子端部绕组117的表面，从而通过第四流道122的出口123喷洒出的冷却液实现对定子绕组的降温散热，减小电机绕组铜损密度。喷撒在定子端部绕组117的表面的冷却液也可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。
可选地，在图4的实施例中，第一端板103和第二端板104的结构也可以相同。例如，参见图5，多个叠片105中每个叠片105上还设置有至少一个第四通孔120A，多个叠片105中每个叠片105的至少一个第四通孔120A叠压在一起分别形成至少一个第五流道118A。多个叠片105中每个叠片105上还设置有至少一个第五通孔124A，多个叠片105中每个叠片105的至少一个第五通孔124A叠压在一起分别形成至少一个第六流道122A。
第二端板104上还设置有至少一个第五流道118A的入口119A，第一端板103上还设置有至少一个第五流道118A的出口121A。至少一个第五流道118A的入口119A和至少一个第五流道118A的出口121A分别与至少一个第五流道118A连通。第二端板104上的至少一个第五流道118A的入口119A可以通过转轴101外壁上设置的至少一个第二 出液口125将转轴101中冷却液引入并流过至少一个第五流道118A。第一端板103上还设置有至少一个第六流道122A的入口126A，第二端板104上还设置有至少一个第六流道122A的出口123A，其中，该至少一个第六流道122A的入口126A与第一端板103上至少一个第五流道118A的出口121A连通，用于将至少一个第五流道118A的冷却液通过至少一个第五流道118A的出口121A分别流向至少一个第六流道122A。第二端板104上至少一个第六流道122A的出口123A用于将至少一个第六流道122A中的冷却液排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中第一端板103上的第六流道122A的入口126A也可以和第五流道118A的出口121A为同一个口。也就是说，如果第一端板103上设有第五流道118A的出口121A，该第五流道118A的出口121A同时还可以作为第六流道122A的入口。如果第一端板103上设有第六流道122A的入口126A，该第六流道122A的入口126A同时还可以作为第五流道118A的出口。
还需要说明的是，上述实施例中，多个叠片105的每个叠片105上可以设置有多层开孔。为了便于描述，图5中以多个叠片105的每个叠片105上设置有两层开孔，第一层开孔包括3个第二通孔120以及3个第四通孔120A，第二层开孔包括3个第三通孔124以及3个第五通孔124A为例进行说明。
具体的，参见图5，第一端板103上可以设置有n个入口119，其中，n为大于或等于2的正整数。冷却液通过转轴101外壁上设置的至少一个第二出液口125进入至少一个第五流道118A以及至少一个第六流道122A中。冷却液在至少一个第五流道118A以及至少一个第六流道122A中可以是单向流向，或者也可以是在至少一个第五流道118A以及至少一个第六流道122A中双向流向。
为了便于描述，图5中以第一端板103上设置有3个第三流道118的入口119，3个第五流道118A的出口121A，3个第四流道122的出口123以及3个第六流道122A的入口126A为例。第二端板104和第一端板103的结构一样，也设置有3个第五流道118A的入口119A，3个第三流道118的出口121，3个第六流道122A的出口123A以及3个第四流道122的入口126。
其中，第一端板103上设置的3个第三流道118的入口119之间的位置关系，3个第五流道118A的出口121A之间的位置关系，3个第四流道122的出口123以及3个第六流道122A的入口126A之间的位置关系本申请不做具体限定。同样的，对第二端板104上设置的3个第五流道118A的入口119A之间的位置关系，3个第三流道118的出口121之间的位置关系，3个第六流道122A的出口123A以及3个第四流道122的入口126之间的位置关系也不具体限定。优选的，上述可以绕转轴101均匀分布。例如，第一端板103上的3个第三流道118的入口119之间间隔120度，同样的，3个第五流道118A的出口121A之间也间隔120度，3个第四流道122的出口123之间也间隔120度,3个第六流道122A的入口126A之间间隔120度。第二端板104与第一端板103的结构一样，此处不再赘述。在安装时，可以将第二端板104旋转360/n＝360/6＝60度，与第一端板103进行镜像安装。或者，也可以将第一端板103旋转360/n＝360/6＝60度，与第二端板104进行镜像安装。
在图5中，冷却液可以进入到转轴101中。一方面，通过转轴101外壁上设置的第一出液口116可以将转轴101中的冷却液引入第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119。冷却液经过第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119进入第三流道118，并经过与第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121连通的四流道122的入口(126)流入第四流道122，再经过第一端板103上第四流道122的出口123排出。另一方面，转轴101中的冷却液通过转轴101外壁上设置的第二出液口125还可以将转轴101中的冷却液引入第二端板104上第五流道118A的入口119A。冷却液经过第二端板104上第五流道118A的入口119A进入第五流道118A，并经过第一端板103上与第五流道118A的出口121A连通的第六流道122A的入口(126A)流入第六流道122A，并经过第二端板104上第六流道122A的出口123A排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
上述方案中，可以在多个叠片中实现多层流道，用于通过该多层流道中的冷却液对叠片进行降温，散热效果较好。
可选地，在一些实施例中，一方面，可以通过转子转轴内壁面与冷却液的对流换热，从而实现对转子进行降温散热。由于转子热点区域通常位于其轴向中心部分，因而需要冷却液被优先输送至转子转轴内对应的特定区域。另一方面，还可以通过转子的旋转运动，将冷却液经转子喷洒于电机定子两侧端部绕组，从而实现对定子绕组的散热降温。该方式需要在转子内部将进入转子的冷却液向转子两端进行稳定、有效地分配。
由于转子自身的转速和冷却液的流量跨越范围大，不同的转子转速和不同的冷却液的流量均会影响冷却液的流量分配。本申请实施例为了实现转子转轴腔内特定区域冷却液的输送以及向转子两端的稳定流量分配，提供了一种流量分配装置，可以将进入转轴中的冷却液有效输送至转轴轴向特定位置，进而在转轴离心力作用下实现冷却液向转子两端的稳定流量分配。解决对电机的转子和定子绕组进行降温散热问题，尤其是电动汽车动力总成在特定工况下定子绕组和转子磁钢的超温问题。
下面结合图6，对本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子进行详细描述。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子100的示意性结构图。如图6所示，该电机转子100可以包括：转轴101，流量分配装置102，第一端板103，第二端板104，多个叠片105。
流量分配装置102参见图6中的斜线阴影部分。流量分配装置102嵌入转轴101的内腔中并跟随转轴101一起运动。具体的，流量分配装置102为空心结构。本申请实施例对流量分配装置102的形状不作具体限定。例如，流量分配装置102可以是空心圆柱体，又如，流量分配装置102还可以是空心的其他立体结构。
流量分配装置102固定在转轴101的内壁上。具体的，流量分配装置102沿转轴101轴向的外壁两端设置有固定组件108，用于将流量分配装置102通过其外壁两端的固定组件108固定在转轴101内腔的两侧内壁上。
流量分配装置102外壁轴向设置有至少一个第一通孔110，该至少一个第一通孔110分别与第一流道106和第二流道109连通，用于连接第一流道106和第二流道109。本申请实施例对流量分配装置102上设置的至少一个第一通孔110的具体位置不做限定，可以调整所述流量分配装置102中空轴结构壁面上至少一个第一通孔110的开孔位置，从而实 现冷却液至转轴101的轴向特定位置的有效输送。
流量分配装置102的外壁与转轴101的内壁之间形成第二流道109。流量分配装置102与转轴101内壁固定的一端设有开口，该开口与至少一个第一通孔110之间构成第一流道106。流量分配装置102中至少一个第一通孔(110)和与第一流道(106)相对的一端之间设置有挡板(107)，该挡板107用于防止第一流道106中的冷却液从流量分配装置102流出。一种可能的实现方式中，挡板(107)位于流量分配装置(102)中与第一流道(106)相对的一端。
本申请实施例对流量分配装置102沿转轴101轴向的外壁两端上的固定组件108的具体形状不做具体限定，只要可以实现流量分配装置102外壁两端与转轴101内腔的两侧内壁之间的固定或密封即可。
可选地，一种可能的实现方式中，该固定组件108为流量分配装置102外壁两端上的环形凸起，该环形凸起外壁面与转轴101的内腔壁面采用过盈配合，实现流量分配装置102的外壁两端与转轴101内腔壁面两端的密封和轴向固定。
可选地，另一种可能的实现方式中，该固定组件108为流量分配装置102外壁两端上的环形凸起和密封圈。例如，参见图7，流量分配装置102外壁两端上的环形凸起108中设置有凹槽，该凹槽中设有密封圈113，并通过环形凸起108的外壁面和凹槽中的密封圈113与转轴101的内腔壁面采用过盈配合，实现流量分配装置102的外壁两端与转轴101内腔壁面两端的密封和轴向固定。
可选地，本申请实施例对流量分配装置102的内直径、外直径和壁厚尺寸不做具体限定，可以根据实际需求对第一流道106和/或第二流道109的径向空间尺寸进行调节。作为一个示例，可以增大第一流道106的径向空间尺寸，从而提高进入转轴101中的冷却液流量。作为一个示例，还可以减小第二流道109的径向空间尺寸，以提高进入转轴101中的冷却液与转轴101内壁面之间的覆盖面积，增强转轴101的对流换热，提高对转轴101进行降温散热的效果。
本申请实施例中，冷却液可以从冷却液的入口通道进入到第一流道106，并通过流量分配装置102外壁轴向设置的至少一个第一通孔110进入第二流道109。可以将进入转轴101中的冷却液输送至转轴101轴向特定位置，进而在转轴101离心力作用下实现冷却液向转子100两端的稳定流量分配，解决对电机的转子进行降温散热的问题。
可选地，流量分配装置102外壁轴向设置的至少一个第一通孔110可以绕转轴101均匀分布。
可选地，在一些实施例中，转轴101中与设有开口并形成第一流道106的一端相对的另一端设置轴向固定零件111，以便于对位于转轴101中的流量分配装置102进行轴向固定。
本申请实施例对固定零件111不做具体限定，只要可以防止进入流量分配装置102中的冷却液流出即可。一种可能的实现方式中，该固定零件111可以是一个挡板。
本申请实施例对流量分配装置102的材质不做具体限定，流量分配装置102可以是塑胶材质，或者还可以是金属材质，或者还可以是其他材质。本申请实施例可以通过模具加工流量分配装置102，实现低成本生产。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例对进入到第一流道106和第二流道109的冷却液不做具 体限定，可以是水，或者也可以是油，或者还可以是其他的用于冷却的化学溶液。
可选地，在一些实施例中，还可以调节流量分配装置102沿转轴101轴向的外壁两端设置的固定组件108的高度，从而调节转轴101内壁与流量分配装置102外壁之间的距离，以调整进入第二流道109中转轴101两端的冷却液的比例。
可选地，在一些实施例中，流量分配装置102外壁面上还可以设置有加强组件。该加强组件可以用于连接至少一个第一通孔110两端的流量分配装置102，在流量分配装置102外壁与转轴101内壁之间提供支撑。可以用于解决转子100高速旋转时因所述流量分配装置102结构强度不足而导致的破损问题。
一种可能的实现方式中，该加强组件可以是如图7所示的加强筋112，该加强筋112例如可以是流量分配装置102上一个沿轴向分布的长条形凸起。具体的，该长条形凸起的方向可以与转轴101轴向方向平行，或者还可以是与转轴101轴向方向有一定的角度，本申请对此不作具体限定。图7中是以加强筋112与转轴101轴向方向平行为例进行说明。
需要说明的是，如图7所示，流量分配装置102外壁两侧的环形凸起108上设置有凹槽，该凹槽中设有密封圈113。通过环形凸起外壁面和凹槽中的密封圈113与转轴101的内腔壁面采用过盈配合，实现流量分配装置102与转轴101内腔壁面的密封和轴向固定。
可选地，在一些实施例中，还可以在流量分配装置102外壁面上设置扰流组件。增强第二流道109中冷却液与转轴101内腔壁面的对流换热，提升转子的散热能力。同时，该扰流组件还可以起到对流量分配装置102的加强、支撑作用。示例性的，一种可能的实现方式中，如图8所示，流量分配装置102外壁面上设置的扰流组件为至少一个凸起114。至少一个凸起114可以增强第二流道109中冷却液与转轴101内腔壁面的对流换热，提升转子的散热能力。
本申请实施例中对图8中的至少一个凸起114的形状不做具体限定，可以是球形凸起或者还可以是其他形状的凸起。图8中是以该凸起114为球形凸起为例进行说明。
可选地，在一些实施例中，流量分配装置102外壁面上还可以设有增压结构。转轴101旋转时带动流量分配装置102上的增压结构旋转，对第二流道109中的冷却液产生泵送效果。同时，该增压结构还可以起到扰流作用，增强第二流道109中冷却液与转轴101内腔壁面的对流换热，提升转子的散热能力。此外，该增压结构还起到对流量分配装置102的加强、支撑作用。示例性的，一种可能的实现方式中，如图9所示，增压结构为流量分配装置102外壁面上设置的螺旋结构115。转轴101旋转时带动螺旋结构115旋转，对第二流道109中的冷却液产生泵送效果。同时，螺旋结构115还可以增强第二流道109中冷却液与转轴101内腔壁面的对流换热以及对流量分配装置102的加强、支撑作用。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图8所示的流量分配装置102外壁面上的至少一个凸起114还可以按照图9所示的螺旋状进行排布。
本申请实施例提供的电机转子转轴腔内的流量分配装置，结构简单通用性强，尺寸可灵活调节，对转轴无特殊加工要求。一方面，该流量分配装置可增强转子散热能力，冷却效果较好。另一方面，该流量分配装置还可以使用模具注塑成型，成本较低。
上文描述了转轴101内部的流量分配装置102，下面对图6中，冷却液进入转轴101中的流量分配装置102，并经过该流量分配装置102进入第一端板103和/或第二端板104的具体实现方式进行描述。
需要说明的是，冷却液进入转轴101中的流量分配装置102，并经过该流量分配装置102进入的第一端板103和/或第二端板104，以及位于第一端板103和第二端板104之间的多个叠片105可以是图2-图5中的任意一种结构。
为了便于描述，图6中以上文图3中第一端板103，第二端板104，以及多个叠片105所示的结构进行说明。
参见图6，一方面，第二流道109中冷却液经过转轴101外壁上设置的第一出液口116流入第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119，并经过第一端板103上第三流道118的入口119进入第三流道118，并经过第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121排出。另一方面，第二流道109中冷却液经过转轴101外壁上设置的第二出液口125流入第二端板104上第五流道118A的入口119A进入第五流道118A，并经过第一端板103上第五流道118A的出口121A排出。排出的冷却液可以通过循环回路进行循环使用。具体的，可以通过循环回路流入转轴(101)中进行循环使用。
第二端板104上第三流道118的出口121位置以及第一端板103上的第五流道118A的出口121A的位置可以分别与定子两端端部绕组117的位置相对，以便于第三流道118的出口121可以将第三流道118中的冷却液喷撒在定子两端端部绕组117的表面，或第五流道118A的出口121A可以将第五流道118A中的冷却液喷撒在定子两端端部绕组117的表面，从而实现对定子绕组的降温散热，减小电机绕组铜损密度。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电机，包括电机定子和电机转子。该电机转子可以是上文中描述的任意一种，从而实现对电机定子绕组的降温散热，减小电机绕组铜损密度。具体的有关电机转子的描述请参见上文中的说明，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种动力总成，包括电机。该动力总成中还可以包括：电驱动和减速器。具体的请参见上文中的说明，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种汽车，包括一个或多个动力总成。该汽车中还可以包括：电池包以及车轮。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a,b,或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a,b,c,a-b,a-c,b-c,或a-b-c，其中a,b,c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种电机转子，其特征在于，包括：
    转轴(101)，设有至少一个第一出液口(116)；
    第一端板(103)，设置在所述转轴(101)的外壁上，与所述转轴(101)垂直，所述第一端板(103)上设有至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)分别与所述转轴(101)的至少一个第一出液口(116)连通；
    第二端板(104)，设置在所述转轴(101)的外壁上，与所述转轴(101)垂直，所述第二端板(104)上设有至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)，用于将所述至少一个第三流道(118)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)上的所述至少一个第一出液口(116)进入所述至少一个第三流道(118)，并经过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)排出；
    多个叠片(105)，设置在所述第一端板(103)和所述第二端板(104)之间，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上设置有至少一个第二通孔(120)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第二通孔(120)构成所述至少一个第三流道(118)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述至少一个第三流道(118)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第三通孔(124)，所述每个叠片上的所述至少一个第三通孔(124)构成至少一个第四流道(122)；
    所述第二端板(104)上还设有至少一个第四流道(122)的入口(126)，所述至少一个第四流道(122)的入口(126)与所述第二端板(104)上所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)连通，用于将所述至少一个第三流道(118)中的所述冷却液引入到所述至少一个第四流道(122)中；
    所述第一端板(103)上还设有所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)，用于将所述至少一个第四流道(122)中的所述冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)从所述至少一个第三流道(118)进入所述至少一个第四流道(122)，并经过所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)排出。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述至少一个第四流道(122)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第四流道(122)的出口(123)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第四通孔(120A)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第四通孔(120A)构成第五流道(118A)，所述第二端板(104)上设有至少一个第五流道(118A)的入口(119A)，所述转轴(101)上还设有至少一个第二出液口(125)，所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的入口(119A)分别与所述转轴(101)上的至少一个第二出液口(125)连通，所述第一端板(103)上还设有至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)，所述 至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)用于将所述至少一个第五流道(118A)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)上的所述至少一个第二出液口(125)进入所述至少一个第五流道(118A)，并经过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)排出。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述至少一个第五流道(118A)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述多个叠片(105)的每个叠片上还设置有至少一个第五通孔(124A)，所述每个叠片上的至少一个第五通孔(124A)构成至少一个第六流道(122A)，所述第一端板(103)上还设有所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的入口(126A)，所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的入口(126A)与所述第一端板(103)上所述第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)连通，用于将所述第五流道(118A)中的所述冷却液引入到所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中，所述第二端板(104)上还设有至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)，用于将所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述至少一个第五流道(118A)的出口(121A)从所述至少一个第五流道(118A)进入所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中，并经过所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)排出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述至少一个第六流道(122A)中的冷却液经过所述至少一个第六流道(122A)的出口(123A)排出后又流入所述转轴(101)中。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，以下中的一种或多种绕所述转轴(101)均匀分布：所述至少一个第三流道(118)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的入口(119)，所述至少一个第三流道(118)的出口(121)，所述至少一个第二通孔(120)，所述至少一个第一出液口(116)。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，还包括：
    流量分配装置(102)，为空心结构，位于所述转轴(101)的内部，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁两端设置有固定组件(108)，并通过所述固定组件(108)与所述转轴(101)内壁两端连接，所述流量分配装置(102)的侧壁上设有至少一个第一通孔(110)，所述流量分配装置(102)的一端设有开口，所述开口与所述至少一个第一通孔(110)之间构成第一流道(106)，所述流量分配装置(102)中所述至少一个第一通孔(110)和与所述第一流道(106)相对的一端之间设置有挡板(107)，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁与所述转轴(101)的内壁之间形成第二流道(109)，所述至少一个第一通孔(110)用于连通所述第一流道(106)和所述第二流道(109)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述转轴(101)上的至少一个第一出液口(116)与所述第二流道(109)连通，用于将所述第二流道(109)中的冷却液排出，所述冷却液通过所述转轴(101)中的所述第一流道(106)流入所述第二流道(109)，并经过所述至少一个第一出液口(116)流入所述至少一个第三流道(118)中。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述固定组件(108)为环形凸起。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述固定组件(108)上还包括密封圈(113)。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁设置有加强组件(112)，所述加强组件(112)用于连接所述流量分配装置上的所述至少一个第一通孔(110)两侧的外壁(102)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述加强组件(112)为长条形凸起。
  16. 根据权利要求10至15中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述流量分配装置(102)的外壁上还设有扰流组件(114)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述扰流组件(114)为球形凸起。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述扰流组件(114)为螺旋状。
  19. 根据权利要求10至18中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述挡板(107)位于所述流量分配装置(102)中与所述第一流道(106)相对的一端。
  20. 根据权利要求10至19中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，调节所述固定组件(108)的高度，使得所述流量分配装置(102)与所述第二流道(109)之间的距离改变。
  21. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：电机定子和权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电机转子。
  22. 一种动力总成，其特征在于，包括：权利要求21所述的电机。
  23. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括权利要求22所述的动力总成。
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