WO2021135877A1 - 吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备 - Google Patents

吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135877A1
WO2021135877A1 PCT/CN2020/134900 CN2020134900W WO2021135877A1 WO 2021135877 A1 WO2021135877 A1 WO 2021135877A1 CN 2020134900 W CN2020134900 W CN 2020134900W WO 2021135877 A1 WO2021135877 A1 WO 2021135877A1
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Prior art keywords
sound
activated carbon
absorbing particles
absorbing
hydrophobic layer
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PCT/CN2020/134900
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘泉泉
姚阳阳
牟雅静
李春
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021135877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135877A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustics, and more specifically, to a sound-absorbing particle, a sound generating device and an electronic device.
  • the sounding device is a device used in electronic equipment to convert electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the resonant frequency of the sound emitting device is an important acoustic performance index, and reducing the resonant frequency of the sound emitting device helps to improve the acoustic effect of the sound emitting device.
  • the resonance frequency refers to the sounding device gradually increasing the vibration frequency from the low frequency range, and the vibration intensity reaches the strongest vibration, or, when the impedance characteristic of the sounding device is measured, when the impedance value reaches the maximum value for the first time, the corresponding vibration frequency is called the sounding
  • the resonant frequency or resonant frequency of the device is f0.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for sound-absorbing particles, sound-producing devices and electronic equipment.
  • a sound-absorbing particle including:
  • the activated carbon particles include an activated carbon particle core and a hydrophobic layer covering the outer surface of the activated carbon particle core;
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer includes one of zeolite, aerogel, and porous organic polymer;
  • the activated carbon particle core includes three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
  • the activated carbon particle core includes a chaotic layer structure formed by random accumulation of molecular fragments of a two-dimensional graphite layer structure and/or three-dimensional graphite crystallites;
  • the activated carbon particle core has a loose pore structure.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer includes zeolite, and the zeolite is an aluminosilicate with a silica-to-alumina ratio greater than 100.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer includes aerogel, and the aerogel is amorphous SiO 2 .
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer includes porous organic polymers
  • the porous organic polymers include covalent organic framework polymers (COFs), intrinsically microporous polymers (PIMs), and conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). ), at least one of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs).
  • COFs covalent organic framework polymers
  • PIMs intrinsically microporous polymers
  • CMPs conjugated microporous polymers
  • HCPs hypercrosslinked polymers
  • the pore structure includes nano-scale micropores and mesopores.
  • the pore size of the micropores ranges from 0.6 nm to 1.3 nm, and the pore size of the mesopores ranges from 2 nm to 3.5 nm.
  • the shape of the activated carbon particles includes at least one of a spherical shape, a quasi-spherical shape, a flake shape, and a rod shape.
  • the particle size of the activated carbon particles ranges from 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the sound-absorbing particles are configured to have an adsorption amount of nitrogen greater than or equal to 0.05 mmol/g.
  • a sound generating device including:
  • a housing, a containing cavity is formed in the housing
  • a vibration component is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is divided into a front acoustic cavity and a rear acoustic cavity;
  • the sound-absorbing particles according to any one of the above, wherein the sound-absorbing particles are arranged in the rear acoustic cavity.
  • an electronic device including the above-mentioned sound emitting device.
  • the water entering the core of the activated carbon particles can be reduced, and the sound absorbing ability of the sound absorbing particles can be improved.
  • Filling the sound-absorbing particles into the sound-emitting device can be used to reduce the resonance frequency of the sound-generating device and improve the sound-generating performance of the sound-generating device.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of activated carbon particles in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sound generating device applied to sound-absorbing particles in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 1 is a sound-absorbing particle
  • 11 is an activated carbon particle core
  • 12 is a hydrophobic layer
  • 2 is a shell
  • 21 is a front acoustic cavity
  • 22 is a rear acoustic cavity
  • 3 is a vibration component.
  • the sound-absorbing particle includes: activated carbon particles and a high molecular polymer binder mixed with the activated carbon particles;
  • the carbon particles include an activated carbon particle core and a hydrophobic layer 12 covering the outer surface of the activated carbon particle core;
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer 12 includes one of zeolite, aerogel, and porous organic polymer;
  • the particle core 11 includes three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
  • the activated carbon particle core 11 includes a chaotic layer structure formed by the random accumulation of molecular fragments of a two-dimensional graphite layer structure and/or three-dimensional graphite crystallites; the activated carbon particle The core 11 has a loose pore structure.
  • the sound-absorbing particles include activated carbon particles composed of an activated carbon particle core 11 and a hydrophobic layer 12 covering the outer surface of the activated carbon particle core.
  • the activated carbon particles and a polymer binder are mixed together to form a sound absorbing agent. Particles.
  • the high molecular polymer adhesive has excellent properties such as high adhesion, flexibility, waterproof, impermeability, crack resistance, and aging resistance. A large number of activated carbon particles can be firmly bonded together to form particles.
  • the activated carbon particles have an amorphous structure, and the amorphous structure can improve the adaptability of the activated carbon particles to different application scenarios. For example, activated carbon sound-absorbing particles can be used in different sound generating devices.
  • the effect of reducing the resonance frequency F0 of the sound generating device can be achieved, and the middle and low frequency sound quality of the sound generating device can be improved.
  • the effective volume of the sound cavity in the sound device can be effectively expanded.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer 12 includes one of zeolite, aerogel, and porous organic polymer.
  • Zeolites, aerogels and porous organic polymers have excellent waterproof performance and do not affect the sound absorption performance of sound-absorbing particles.
  • a zeolite hydrophobic layer made of zeolite prevents a large amount of water from entering the sound-absorbing particles through the hydrophobic properties of the zeolite material.
  • an aerogel water-repellent layer made of aerogel, and a porous organic polymer water-repellent layer made of a porous organic polymer made of a porous organic polymer.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer 12 includes zeolite, and the zeolite is an aluminosilicate with a silica-to-alumina ratio greater than 100.
  • the silicon-to-aluminum ratio is greater than 100, and its water absorption rate is significantly reduced, showing hydrophobic characteristics, which has an isolation effect on water vapor in the air.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer 12 includes aerogel, and the aerogel is amorphous SiO 2 .
  • Aerogel is a silica structure with strong hydrophobicity, which has an isolation effect on water vapor in the air.
  • the material of the hydrophobic layer 12 includes porous organic polymers including covalent organic framework polymers (COFs), intrinsically microporous polymers (PIMs), and conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). , At least one of the super cross-linked polymers (HCPs).
  • COFs covalent organic framework polymers
  • PIMs intrinsically microporous polymers
  • CMPs conjugated microporous polymers
  • HCPs super cross-linked polymers
  • Porous organic polymer is a porous structure formed by cross-linking of organic polymers. It has hydrophobic and air permeability and can isolate water vapor in the air.
  • the high-molecular polymer adhesive has excellent bonding properties, and can gather multiple activated carbon particles together to form sound-absorbing particles.
  • the formed sound-absorbing particles combine the sound-absorbing effects of the activated carbon particles, and form a three-dimensional pore structure in the sound-absorbing particles. It can improve the absorption and release ability of sound-absorbing particles to air.
  • the activated carbon particles may be spherical, quasi-spherical, flake-shaped, rod-shaped, or the like.
  • spherical activated carbon particles that are bonded together form macropores, which further improve the absorption and release ability of sound-absorbing particles to air.
  • the sheet-shaped activated carbon particles can improve the structural stability of the activated carbon sound-absorbing particles and reduce the risk of powdering and damage.
  • the carbonization process of the sheet-shaped amorphous activated carbon particles is simple and the cost is low.
  • the preparation process of the sound-absorbing particles in the present disclosure is simple, easy to manufacture without increasing additional production costs, can be manufactured in large quantities, and is suitable for large-volume industrial production.
  • the hydrophobic layer 12 covers the outer surface of the core 11 of the activated carbon particles.
  • the hydrophobic layer 12 itself has hydrophobicity, which can effectively prevent the activated carbon particle core 11 from adsorbing a large amount of water and reduce the water absorption rate of the sound-absorbing particles. Prevent moisture from entering the activated carbon particle core 11 to affect the sound absorbing effect of the sound absorbing particles.
  • the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 may be 0.1 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m. Within this thickness range, the hydrophobic layer 12 can provide sufficient water resistance, and effectively avoid the problem of reducing the sound absorption capacity of the sound-absorbing particles caused by a large amount of water entering the activated carbon particle core 11. For example, it is possible to prevent moisture from entering the transported pore structure in the activated carbon particle core 11. The loose pore structure can effectively achieve the sound absorption effect.
  • the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 is 2 ⁇ m-6 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 has better waterproof ability within this thickness range, and the ability to prevent moisture from entering the core 11 of the activated carbon particles is improved. Improve the sound-absorbing reliability of sound-absorbing particles.
  • the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 made of one of the aforementioned zeolite, aerogel, and porous organic polymer is set to be 0.1 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness is set at 2 ⁇ m-6 ⁇ m.
  • the mass ratio of the hydrophobic layer 12 in the sound-absorbing particles is 1-50%, and the mass ratio of the activated carbon particle core 11 in the sound-absorbing particles is 50-99%.
  • the hydrophobic layer 12 is made of one of zeolite, aerogel, and porous organic polymer within the aforementioned set thickness range. And, set the mass percentage of the different above-mentioned materials in the sound-absorbing particles.
  • the water absorption rate and resonance frequency F0 of the sound-absorbing particles can be reduced to more optimal values.
  • Tables 1 to 3 show the water absorption rate of the sound-absorbing particles under the mass fraction and thickness of the hydrophobic layer 12 of different materials obtained from the experiment, and the resonance frequency reduction effect of the sound generating device applied to the sound-absorbing particles.
  • Mass of zeolite coating (wt%) 0 0.1 ⁇ 5 5 ⁇ 20 20 ⁇ 40 30 ⁇ 50 Zeolite coating thickness (um) 0 0.1 ⁇ 2 2 ⁇ 4 2 ⁇ 6 4 ⁇ 10 F0 reduction effect (Hz) 170 165 160 158 150 Water absorption rate (%) 35% twenty four% 16% 5% 2%
  • the sound-absorbing particles in the present disclosure can effectively reduce the water absorption rate and effectively reduce the resonance frequency F0 of the sound generating device to which the sound-absorbing particles are applied. Improve the low frequency performance of the sound device.
  • the activated carbon particles are at least one of spherical, quasi-spherical, flake-shaped, and rod-shaped.
  • Activated carbon particles of different shapes are mixed together to form sound-absorbing particles with a pore structure between the activated carbon particles. Increase the sound-absorbing performance of sound-absorbing particles.
  • activated carbon particles of different shapes are mixed with high-molecular polymer binders to make sound-absorbing particles.
  • the prepared sound-absorbing particles can be granular.
  • the structural space of the sound device is limited, and the sound-absorbing particles are made into granules, which makes it easier to pack the sound-absorbing particles into the limited space.
  • the sound-absorbing particles may be granular. It may be a kind of sound-absorbing particles, and the sound-absorbing particles include the above-mentioned sound-absorbing particles.
  • the spherical carbon particles After the spherical carbon particles are bonded to form sound-absorbing particles, a more uniform and finer pore structure can be formed between the carbon particles, thereby improving the acoustic performance of the sound-absorbing particles.
  • the use of sheet-shaped carbon particles can improve the structural stability of sound-absorbing particles and reduce the risk of powdering and damage.
  • the flake-shaped amorphous activated carbon particles are preferred from the perspective of industrial application.
  • the activated carbon particle core 11 includes three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • carbon accounts for the largest proportion. Possess a small amount.
  • Increasing the proportion of carbon element can prevent the loose pore structure formed in the core 11 of the activated carbon particles from being too sparse. This prevents the pore size of the pore structure from becoming larger.
  • the cumulative pore volume of the sound-absorbing particles will decrease, and the ability of absorbing and air will decrease.
  • the activated carbon particle core 11 includes a chaotic layer structure formed by random accumulation of molecular fragments of a two-dimensional graphite layer structure and/or three-dimensional graphite crystallites; the activated carbon particle core 11 has a loose pore structure.
  • the two-dimensional graphite layer structure included in the activated carbon particle core 11 and/or the disordered layer structure formed by the random accumulation of molecular fragments of three-dimensional graphite crystallites mainly affect the pore structure formed in the material.
  • the more the content of the above two structures in the material the more uniform the pore structure and the smaller the pore size of the pore structure after the material is processed through the carbonization process, so that the sound-absorbing particles can have a good effect of reducing the resonance frequency.
  • the pore structure includes nano-scale micropores and mesopores.
  • the activated carbon particle core 11 has a large number of micropores and mesopores.
  • a large number of micropores can increase the overall cumulative pore volume of the particles on the one hand, and on the other hand can increase the adsorption capacity of activated carbon particles for air molecules.
  • a large number of small pores can absorb a large number of air molecules and improve the acoustic performance of the sound-absorbing particles made.
  • the mesopores provide sufficient flow space for the air molecules, so that the air molecules can move quickly, and reduce air blockage and the situation in the micropores.
  • the pore size of the micropore is in the range of 0.6 nm to 1.3 nm, and the pore size of the mesopore is in the range of 2 nm to 3.5 nm.
  • the pore diameter of the micropores is limited to the above-mentioned pore diameter range, so that the activated carbon particles can contain a sufficient and large number of micropores.
  • the mesopores within the above-mentioned pore diameter range can avoid the decrease in the air absorption performance of the entire particles caused by the reduction of the accumulated pore volume of the activated carbon particles. Therefore, the above-mentioned pore size range of micropores and mesopores can improve the sound absorbing performance of sound absorbing particles.
  • the inventors of the present invention have verified that filling the sound-absorbing particles of the present disclosure into the rear acoustic cavity 22 of the sound generating device can absorb and release air equivalent to expanding the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 22, which can make the rear acoustic cavity 22 more effective.
  • the volume is expanded by N times, where N>1.
  • the forced vibration of the sound-absorbing particles will consume the energy of the sound wave. This effect is equivalent to an increase in the acoustic compliance of the air in the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 22, thereby reducing the resonance frequency.
  • the particle size of the activated carbon particles ranges from 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the activated carbon particle core 11 By controlling the particle size of the activated carbon particle core 11 and by controlling the particle size of the sound-absorbing particles, the best packing density and the effect of reducing the resonance frequency can be achieved.
  • the sound-absorbing particles are configured to have an adsorption amount of nitrogen greater than or equal to 0.05 mmol/g. This ensures that the sound-absorbing particles have sufficient adsorption and desorption performance for air to meet the needs of the equivalent expansion cavity space.
  • the sound generating device includes: a housing with a receiving cavity formed in the housing; a vibration assembly 3, where the vibration assembly 3 is arranged In the accommodating cavity, the accommodating cavity is divided into a front acoustic cavity 21 and a rear acoustic cavity 22; as with the above-mentioned sound-absorbing particles 1, the sound-absorbing particles 1 are arranged in the rear acoustic cavity 22.
  • the sound-absorbing particles 1 may be granular.
  • the sound-absorbing particles 1 are placed in the containing cavity provided in the sound generating device.
  • the sound-absorbing particles 1 can be encapsulated in the accommodating cavity by mesh cloth.
  • the vibrating component 3 is used to produce sound in the sound generating device. During the occurrence of the vibrating component 3, the sound-absorbing particles 1 in the accommodating cavity will adsorb and release the gas that changes due to sound in the sound generating device, so as to achieve the enlarged acoustic cavity 22 The volume, the effect of reducing the resonance frequency.
  • the sound-absorbing particles 1 provided by the present disclosure can be applied to different types of sound-producing devices such as earphones, earpieces, speakers, and sound boxes.
  • Putting the sound-absorbing particles 1 into the back acoustic cavity 22 of the sound generating device is equivalent to virtually expanding the volume of the back acoustic cavity 22, and it is also equivalent to increasing the damping of the sound generating device, thereby reducing the resonance intensity.
  • the resonance frequency of the sound emitting device can be reduced, and the effect of improving the acoustic performance of the sound emitting device can be achieved.
  • an electronic device including the above-mentioned sound emitting device.
  • the sound generating device in the electronic device has the performance of reducing the resonance frequency of the above-mentioned sound generating device.
  • the acoustic performance of the sound generating device in the electronic equipment is improved. Improve the usability of electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or other electronic devices.

Abstract

一种吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备，包括：活性炭粒子和与活性炭粒子混合在一起的高分子聚合物粘接剂；活性炭粒子包括活性炭粒子内核（11）和包覆在活性炭粒子内核外表面的疏水层（12）；疏水层（12）的材料包括沸石、气凝胶、多孔有机聚合物中的一种；活性炭粒子内核（11）包括碳、氢、氧三种元素；活性炭粒子内核（11）包括由二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构；活性炭粒子内核（11）中具有疏松的孔道结构。由此，通过疏水层（12）减少进入活性炭粒子内核（11）的水分，提高了该吸音颗粒的吸音能力，将该吸音颗粒填充到发声装置中能够用于降低发声装置的谐振频率，改善发声装置的发声性能。

Description

吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及声学技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备。
背景技术
发声装置是电子设备中用于将电信号转换成声音信号的装置。发声装置的谐振频率是重要的声学性能指标，降低发声装置的谐振频率有助于提高发声装置的声学效果。
谐振频率指发声装置从低音域逐渐升高振动频率，振动强度达到最强振动时，或者，测量发声装置的阻抗特性，阻抗值第一次达到最大值时，所对应的振动频率称为该发声装置谐振频率或共振频率，即f0。
如何降低发声装置的F0以提高发声装置的声学性能，是本领域需要解决问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸音颗粒、发声装置以及电子设备的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种吸音颗粒，包括：
活性碳粒子和与所述活性炭粒子混合在一起的高分子聚合物粘接剂；所述活性碳粒子包括活性碳粒子内核和包覆在所述活性碳粒子内核外表面的疏水层；
所述疏水层的材料包括沸石、气凝胶、多孔有机聚合物中的一种；
所述活性炭粒子内核包括碳、氢、氧三种元素；
所述活性炭粒子内核包括由二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构；
所述活性炭粒子内核中具有疏松的孔道结构。
可选地，所述疏水层的材料包括沸石，所述沸石为硅铝比大于100的硅铝酸盐。
可选地，所述疏水层的材料包括气凝胶，所述气凝胶为无定形SiO 2。
可选地，所述疏水层的材料包括多孔有机聚合物，所述多孔有机聚合物包括共价有机框架聚合物(COFs)、固有微孔聚合物(PIMs)、共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)、超交联聚合物(HCPs)中的至少一种。
可选地，所述孔道结构包括纳米级的微孔和介孔。
可选地，所述微孔的孔径范围为0.6nm-1.3nm，所述介孔的孔径范围为2nm-3.5nm。
可选地，所述活性炭粒子的形状包括球形、类球形、片形、棒形中的至少一种。
可选地，所述活性炭粒子的粒径范围为0.1μm-100μm。
可选地，所述吸音颗粒被配置为对氮气的吸附量大于或等于0.05mmol/g。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种发声装置，包括：
壳体，所述壳体内形成有容纳腔；
振动组件，所述振动组件设置在所述容纳腔内，将所述容纳腔分为前声腔和后声腔；
如上述任意一项所述的吸音颗粒，所述吸音颗粒设置在所述后声腔内。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括如上述的发声装置。
根据本公开的一个实施例，通过在活性炭粒子内核外设置疏水层，能够减少进入活性炭粒子内核的水分，提高了该吸音颗粒的吸音能力。将该吸音颗粒填充到发声装置中能够用于降低发声装置的谐振频率，改善发声装置的发声性能。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其 它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本公开一个实施例中的活性炭粒子的剖视图。
图2是本公开一个实施例中的吸音颗粒所应用的发声装置的剖面图。
图中，1为吸音颗粒，11为活性炭粒子内核，12为疏水层，2为壳体，21为前声腔，22为后声腔，3为振动组件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种吸音颗粒，如图1所示，该吸音颗粒包括：活性碳粒子和与所述活性炭粒子混合在一起的高分子聚合物粘接剂；所述活性碳粒子包括活性碳粒子内核和包覆在所述活性碳粒子内核外表面的疏水层12；所述疏水层12的材料包括沸石、气凝胶、多孔有机聚合物中的一种；所述活性炭粒子内核11包括碳、氢、氧三种元素；所 述活性炭粒子内核11包括由二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构；所述活性炭粒子内核11中具有疏松的孔道结构。
在该实施例中，吸音颗粒包括通过活性炭粒子内核11和包覆在所述活性碳粒子内核外表面的疏水层12组成的活性炭粒子，活性炭粒子和高分子聚合物粘接剂混合在一起形成吸音颗粒。高分子聚合物粘接剂具有高粘接力、柔韧性、防水、抗渗、抗裂、抗老化性等优异的性能。能将大量活性炭粒子牢固地粘接在一起形成颗粒。该活性炭粒子为无定形的结构，无定形的结构能够提高该活性炭粒子对不同应用场景的适应性。例如，能够将活性碳吸音颗粒应用在不同的发声装置内。以及能够达到降低发声装置的谐振频率F0的效果，能提升发声装置的中低频音质。通过吸音颗粒对空气的吸收释放作用，能够有效于扩大发声装置中声腔的有效容积。
所述疏水层12的材料包括沸石、气凝胶、多孔有机聚合物中的一种。
沸石、气凝胶以及多孔有机聚合物这几种材料都具有优异的防水性能，并且不影响吸音颗粒的吸音性能。例如，使用沸石制作的沸石疏水层，通过沸石材料的疏水性能防止大量水分进入吸音颗粒中。以及，使用气凝胶制作的气凝胶疏水层、使用多孔有机聚合物制作的多孔有机聚合物疏水层。
例如，所述疏水层12的材料包括沸石，所述沸石为硅铝比大于100的硅铝酸盐。
沸石中，硅铝比大于100，其吸水率显著降低，表现为疏水特性，对空气中水蒸气起到隔离效果。
例如，所述疏水层12的材料包括气凝胶，所述气凝胶为无定形SiO 2。
气凝胶为二氧化硅结构，具有强疏水性，对空气中水蒸气起到隔离效果。
例如，所述疏水层12的材料包括多孔有机聚合物，所述多孔有机聚合物包括共价有机框架聚合物(COFs)、固有微孔聚合物(PIMs)、共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)、超交联聚合物(HCPs)中的至少一种。
多孔有机聚合物为有机高分子交联而形成的多孔结构物质，本身具有 疏水透气性，可隔绝空气中的水蒸气。
高分子聚合物粘接剂具有优异的粘接性能，能够将多个活性炭粒子聚集在一起，形成吸音颗粒。形成的该吸音颗粒将活性炭粒子的吸音作用集合在一起，在的吸音颗粒中形成立体的孔道结构。能够提高吸音颗粒对空气的吸收、释放能力。
在一个实施例中，活性炭粒子可以是球形、类球形、片形、棒形等形状。
例如，被粘接在一起的球形的活性炭粒子之间堆积形成大孔，大孔进一步提高吸音颗粒对空气的吸收、释放能力。片形的活性碳粒子能够提高活性炭吸音颗粒的结构稳定性，降低起粉、破损的风险。同时由于片形无定型活性炭粒子碳化工艺简便，成本较低。
本公开中的吸音颗粒的制备工艺简单，容易实现制造不会增加额外的生产成本，能够大量制造，适合大批量的工业生产。
本公开中，疏水层12包覆在活性炭粒子内核11的外表面。疏水层12自身具有疏水性，能够有效防止活性炭粒子内核11吸附大量的水分，降低了吸音颗粒的吸水率。避免水分进入活性炭粒子内核11中影响吸音颗粒的吸音效果。
例如，疏水层12的厚度可以为0.1μm-10μm。在该厚度范围内，疏水层12能提供足够的防水能力，有效避免大量水分进入活性炭粒子内核11中造成的降低吸音颗粒吸音能力的问题。例如，能够避免水分进入活性炭粒子内核11中的输送的孔道结构中。疏松的孔道结构能够有效地达到吸音效果。
例如，疏水层12的厚度为2μm-6μm。疏水层12的厚度在该厚度范围内具有更优的防水能力，提高了防止水分进入活性炭粒子内核11的能力。提高了吸音颗粒的吸音可靠性。
将上述的沸石、气凝胶以及多孔有机聚合物中的一种材料制作的疏水层12的厚度设置在0.1μm-10μm。可选地，将厚度设置在2μm-6μm。能够有效降低吸音颗粒的吸水率，降低该吸音颗粒所应用的发声装置的谐振频率F0。
例如，所述疏水层12在所述吸音颗粒中的质量占比为1-50％，所述活性炭粒子内核11在所述吸音颗粒中的质量占比为50-99％。
具体地，通过上述设定厚度范围内的沸石、气凝胶以及多孔有机聚合物中的一种材料制成的疏水层12。以及，设定不同上述材料在吸音颗粒中所占质量百分比。能够将吸音颗粒的吸水率以及谐振频率F0降低到更优的值。具体参见表1-表3所示的内容。表1-表3为实验得出的不同材料的疏水层12的质量分数和厚度下的吸音颗粒的吸水率，以及吸音颗粒所应用的发声装置的谐振频率降低效果。
表1
沸石包覆层质量(wt％) 0 0.1～5 5～20 20～40 30～50
沸石包覆层厚度(um) 0 0.1～2 2～4 2～6 4～10
F0降低效果(Hz) 170 165 160 158 150
吸水率(％) 35％ 24％ 16％ 5％ 2％
表2
Figure PCTCN2020134900-appb-000001
表3
Figure PCTCN2020134900-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020134900-appb-000003
通过表1-表3可以看出：活性炭粒子内核11外包覆有沸石、气凝胶以及多孔有机聚合物中任意一种材料的疏水层12时，随着疏水层12的厚度以及疏水层12所占质量百分比的增加。吸音颗粒的吸水率有明显下降，以及，吸音颗粒所应用的发声装置的谐振频率F0有明显降低。
可见，本公开中的吸音颗粒能有效地降低吸水率，以及有效降低吸音颗粒所应用的发声装置的谐振频率F0。提高该发声装置的中低频性能。
在一个实施例中，活性炭粒子为球形、类球形、片形、棒形中的至少一种。
不同形状的活性炭粒子混合在一起，能够形成活性炭粒子间具有孔隙结构的吸音颗粒。增加吸音颗粒的吸音性能。
例如，不同形状的活性碳粒子与高分子聚合物粘接剂混合制成的吸音颗粒。制成的吸音颗粒可以为颗粒状。发声装置的结构空间有限，将吸音颗粒制成颗粒状，更容易将吸音颗粒装入有限的空间中。
例如，吸音颗粒可以为颗粒状。可以是一种吸音颗粒，该吸音颗粒包括上述的吸音颗粒。
采用球形的碳粒子在粘接形成吸音颗粒后，碳粒子之间能够形成更均匀、更细密的孔道结构，进而提高吸音颗粒的声学性能。采用片形碳粒子能够提高吸音颗粒的结构稳定性，降低起粉、破损的风险。同时由于片形无定型活性炭粒子碳化工艺简便，成本较低，因此从工业应用角度优选片形无定型活性炭粒子。
在上述例子中，活性炭粒子内核11包括碳、氢、氧三种元素；在活性炭粒子内核11的碳、氢、氧三种元素中，碳元素占比最大，相比下氢元 素和氧元素只占有少量。提高碳元素的占比，能够避免活性炭粒子内核11中形成的疏松的孔道结构过于稀疏。进而避免孔道结构的孔径变大。孔道结构的孔径变大后会造成吸音颗粒的累积孔容积变小，吸收、空气的能力降低。
例如，所述活性炭粒子内核11包括由二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构；所述活性炭粒子内核11中具有疏松的孔道结构。
二维石墨层结构和三维石墨微晶的边缘上存在大量不规则的键。不规则的键能够在二维石墨层结构和三维石墨微晶之间形成紧密连接，交织形成孔道结构。碳的价电子具有sp2杂化轨道和sp3杂化轨道，进而形成六角碳网平面。以这种无规则的形式堆积形成的活性炭粒子能够形成细密的、丰富的孔道结构，以满足吸音颗粒对孔道结构的结构要求。
活性炭粒子内核11中包括的二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构，主要影响材料中所形成的孔道结构。上述两种结构在材料中的含量越多，材料经过碳化工艺的加工工序后，形成的孔道结构越均匀、孔道结构的孔径越小，进而使得吸音颗粒能够产生良好的降低谐振频率的效果。
在一个实施例中，所述孔道结构包括纳米级的微孔和介孔。
活性炭粒子内核11中具有大量的微孔以及介孔。大量的微孔一方面能增加粒子的总体累积孔容积，另一方面可以提高活性炭粒子对空气分子的吸附能力。大量孔径细小的微孔能够吸附大量空气分子，提高所制成的吸音颗粒的声学性能。在空气分子需要快速吸入微孔或者快速从微孔中释放时，介孔给空气分子提供足够的流动空间，使空气分子能够快速移动，降低空气阻塞与微孔中的情况。
例如，所述微孔的孔径范围为0.6nm-1.3nm，所述介孔的孔径范围为2nm-3.5nm。
将微孔的孔径限制在上述的孔径范围，使得活性炭粒子中能够包含充分、大量的微孔。介孔在上述的孔径范围内，能避免降低活性炭粒子的累积孔容积造成的粒子整体的吸收空气的性能下降。因此，上述的微孔和介 孔的孔径范围能提高吸音颗粒的吸音性能。
经本发明的发明人验证，将本公开的吸音颗粒填充到发声装置的后声腔22内，其通过对空气的吸收释放作用能等效于扩大了后声腔22的容积，可以使后声腔22的容积扩大N倍，其中，N＞1。在发声装置的后声腔22内，吸音颗粒的粒子受迫振动会消耗掉声波的能量，这种效果等效于后声腔22的容积中的空气声顺性增加，从而降低了谐振频率。
在一个实施例中，活性炭粒子的粒径范围为0.1μm-100μm。
通过控制活性炭粒子内核11的粒径以及通过对吸音颗粒粒径的控制，都能够达到最佳的堆积密度和降低谐振频率的效果。
在一个实施例中，所述吸音颗粒被配置为对氮气的吸附量大于或等于0.05mmol/g。从而保证吸音颗粒对空气有足够的吸附和脱附性能，以满足等效扩容腔体空间的需要。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置，如图2所示，该发声装置包括：壳体，所述壳体内形成有容纳腔；振动组件3，所述振动组件3设置在所述容纳腔内，将所述容纳腔分为前声腔21和后声腔22；如上述的吸音颗粒1，所述吸音颗粒1设置在所述后声腔22内。
在该实施例中，吸音颗粒1可以是颗粒状。将吸音颗粒1放置在发声装置中设置的容纳腔内。可以通过网布将吸音颗粒1封装在容纳腔内。振动组件3用于在发声装置中发声，在振动组件3发生的过程中，容纳腔内的吸音颗粒1会对发声装置内因声音而变化的气体实现吸附、释放作用，从而达到增大后声腔22体积，降低谐振频率的效果。
本公开提供的吸音颗粒1可应用于例如耳机、听筒、扬声器、音箱等不同类型的发声装置中。将吸音颗粒1放入发声装置的后声腔22中，相当于虚拟扩大了后声腔22的体积，还等效于增大发声装置的阻尼，从而减小共振强度。最终能降低发声装置的谐振频率，进而达到改善发声装置的声学性能的效果。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种电子设备，包括上述的发声装置。
该电子设备中的发声装置具有上述发声装置的降低谐振频率的性能。 改善了该电子设备中的发声装置的声学性能。提高了电子设备的可使用性。例如，电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑或其他电子设备。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种吸音颗粒，其特征在于，包括：
    活性碳粒子和与所述活性炭粒子混合在一起的高分子聚合物粘接剂；
    所述活性碳粒子包括活性碳粒子内核和包覆在所述活性碳粒子内核外表面的疏水层；
    所述疏水层的材料包括沸石、气凝胶、多孔有机聚合物中的一种；
    所述活性炭粒子内核包括碳、氢、氧三种元素；
    所述活性炭粒子内核包括由二维石墨层结构和/或三维石墨微晶的分子碎片无规则的堆积形成的乱层结构；
    所述活性炭粒子内核中具有疏松的孔道结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述疏水层的材料包括沸石，所述沸石为硅铝比大于100的硅铝酸盐。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述疏水层的材料包括气凝胶，所述气凝胶为无定形SiO 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述疏水层的材料包括多孔有机聚合物，所述多孔有机聚合物包括共价有机框架聚合物(COFs)、固有微孔聚合物(PIMs)、共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)、超交联聚合物(HCPs)中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述孔道结构包括纳米级的微孔和介孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述微孔的孔径范围为0.6nm-1.3nm，所述介孔的孔径范围为2nm-3.5nm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述活性炭粒子的形状包括球形、类球形、片形、棒形中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述活性炭粒子的粒径范围为0.1μm-100μm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的吸音颗粒，其特征在于，所述吸音颗粒被配置为对氮气的吸附量大于或等于0.05mmol/g。
  10. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内形成有容纳腔；
    振动组件，所述振动组件设置在所述容纳腔内，将所述容纳腔分为前声腔和后声腔；
    如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的吸音颗粒，所述吸音颗粒设置在所述后声腔内。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求10所述的发声装置。
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