WO2021125347A1 - 新規化合物、架橋剤及び架橋フルオロエラストマー - Google Patents
新規化合物、架橋剤及び架橋フルオロエラストマー Download PDFInfo
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- C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C43/18—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C43/18—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/196—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
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- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
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- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
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- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel compound useful as a cross-linking agent and a cross-linked fluoroelastomer obtained by using the cross-linking agent.
- a crosslinked fluoroelastomer sealant is used as a sealant suitable for heat resistance, steam resistance, and rapid decompression resistance.
- Cross-linking Various cross-linking agents are known as cross-linking agents for fluoroelastomers. For example, there are triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and 1,6-divinylperfluorohexane (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the fluoroelastomer which is the base material of the crosslinked fluoroelastomer, has sufficient high temperature vapor resistance.
- the cross-linking points which are the bonding portions between the cross-linking agents of Patent Documents 1 and 2 and the fluoroelastomer, cannot be said to have sufficient high-temperature steam resistance because they contain weak bonds against heat and steam. It causes decomposition and deterioration.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a cross-linking agent capable of improving the high-temperature vapor resistance of the cross-linked fluoroelastomer, and a cross-linked fluoroelastomer having improved high-temperature vapor resistance.
- a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1) (In the formula, R 1 to R 6 are hydrogens, substituents or leaving groups, respectively, and two or more of R 1 to R 6 are leaving groups. R a to R c are hydrogens or substituents, respectively. It is a group. N is an integer of 2 to 5.) 2.
- R 1 to R 6 and R 11 to R 16 are hydrogen, a substituent or a leaving group, respectively, and two or more of R 1 to R 6 are leaving groups, and R 11 to R 11 to At least two of R 16 are leaving groups.
- a 1 is a single bond or linking group.
- the leaving group is a group selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl-containing group, a phosphorus-based substituent, a sulfur-based substituent, a 1- to tertiary amino group, a cyano group and a nitro group, 1 to 1 to
- the compound according to any one of 4. A cross-linking agent containing the compound according to any one of 6.1 to 5. 7.
- a composition comprising a fluoroelastomer, a cross-linking initiator, and the cross-linking agent according to 6.
- a crosslinked fluoroelastomer obtained by crosslinking the composition according to 8.7.
- a method for producing a crosslinked fluoroelastomer which comprises a step of heating the composition according to 9.7 to react the fluoroelastomer with a crosslinking agent, and a step of converting a cyclohexane ring derived from the crosslinking agent into an aromatic ring. ..
- the present invention it is possible to provide a cross-linking agent capable of improving the high-temperature vapor resistance of the cross-linked fluoroelastomer and a cross-linked fluoroelastomer having improved high-temperature steam resistance.
- the compound according to one embodiment of the present invention has a structure represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 to R 6 are hydrogens, substituents or leaving groups, respectively, and two or more of R 1 to R 6 are leaving groups.
- R a to R c are hydrogens or substituents, respectively. It is a group.
- N is an integer of 2 to 5.
- the compound of this embodiment is useful as a cross-linking agent, for example.
- the double bond of the cyclohexene ring reacts with the reaction site of the fluoroelastomer to form a structure in which the fluoroelastomer and the cyclohexane ring are directly bonded.
- a conventional crosslinked structure for example, a crosslinked structure obtained by a crosslinking agent having a vinyl group or a fluorovinyl group. Therefore, the high temperature steam resistance is improved.
- R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen, substituents or leaving groups, respectively.
- the substituent is a group other than the leaving group described later, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a group that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group and the like can be mentioned.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and has preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 8 carbon atoms (more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms (more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms). Examples of the aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl and the like.
- the carbon atom of the substituent may be partially or wholly fluorinated.
- the leaving group is a group having a function of desorbing from the cyclohexane ring by an operation such as heating and converting the cyclohexane ring into an aromatic ring.
- Specific examples thereof include halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, carbonyl-containing groups, phosphorus-based substituents, sulfur-based substituents, primary to tertiary amino groups, cyano groups, nitro groups and the like.
- the alkoxy group is a group represented by ⁇ OR x1 , and examples of R x1 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- R x1 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- An alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group is preferable.
- R x2 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group and the like.
- R x2 is preferably an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and an isopropyl group.
- Examples of the phosphorus-based substituent include a phosphoryl group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphanyl group and the like.
- Examples of the sulfur-based substituent include a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfenyl group, a mercapto group and the like.
- the sulfenyl group is preferably a group represented by -SR x3.
- R x3 examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group and the like.
- R x3 is preferably an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and an isopropyl group.
- the leaving group is particularly preferably a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group.
- the compound having the structure represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 to R 6 and R a to R c are the same as in the formula (1).
- a 1 is a single bond or a linking group.
- Two R 1 to R 6 and R a to R c are , May be the same or different.
- linking group examples include —O—, —S—, a heteroatom-containing group, a linear alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, a fluorinated alkylene group, an arylene group and the like.
- the linear or branched alkylene group preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the cycloalkylene group preferably has 3 to 8 carbon atoms (more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms).
- the arylene group preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms (more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms). These groups may be partially or wholly fluorinated.
- the cycloalkylene group and the arylene group are fluorinated.
- alkylene group examples include a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a propylene group.
- arylene group include phenylene and naphthaleneylene.
- a fluorinated alkylene group is a group in which a part or all of hydrogen of the alkylene group is fluorinated. It is preferably ⁇ (CF 2 ) m ⁇ (in the formula, m is an integer of 1 to 15 (preferably 1 to 6)).
- the compound having the structure represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (3).
- R 1 to R 6 and R a to R c are the same as in the formula (1).
- a 2 is a linking group. Even if the three R 1 to R 6 and R a to R c are the same. Well, it can be different.
- linking group three structures represented by the formula (1) such as boron (B), ⁇ CH, cycloalkane ring, aromatic ring, heterocycle, aromatic heterocycle, etc. are bonded. Can be mentioned.
- R 1 to R 6 and R 11 to R 16 are hydrogen, a substituent or a leaving group, respectively, and two or more of R 1 to R 6 are leaving groups, and R 11 to R 11 to At least two of R 16 are leaving groups.
- a 1 is a single bond or linking group.
- a compound represented by the following formula (2B) is preferable.
- R 1 , R 6 , R 11 and R 16 are leaving groups, respectively.
- a 1 is the same as in formula (2).
- hydrogen bonded to the cyclohexene ring is omitted. Specific examples of the compound of this embodiment are shown below.
- n is an integer of 1 to 15 (preferably 1 to 6).
- the compound of this embodiment can be synthesized, for example, by referring to Examples described later.
- composition contains the above-mentioned cross-linking agent (compound), fluoroelastomer and cross-linking initiator.
- the cross-linking agent is preferably 0.5 to 50 mmol, more preferably 0.5 to 40 mmol, more preferably 1 to 30 mmol, more preferably 1 to 25 mmol, still more preferably 2.0 to 20 mmol with respect to 100 g of the fluoroelastomer. Added. The larger the amount added, the more the steam resistance and heat resistance tend to be improved. However, if it is too much, it may become hard.
- the fluoroelastomer may be a perfluoroelastomer or a partially fluorinated elastomer.
- the following monomer-derived repeating units can be exemplified. It can contain repeating units derived from one or more monomers.
- CF 2 CH 2 (vinylidene chloride)
- CF 2 CF 2 (tetrafluoroethylene)
- CF 2 CFCF 3 (hexafluoropropylene)
- the fluoroelastomer used in this embodiment preferably contains iodine and / or bromine, and more preferably iodine, as a radical attack site during cross-linking (curing).
- Perfluoroelastomers that can be cured by peroxide are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-9010.
- the (per) fluoroelastomer generally contains iodine in an amount of 0.001% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, based on the total polymer weight. Iodine atoms can be present along the chain and / or at the terminal positions.
- the (per) fluoroepolymer is preferably produced from a copolymer such as a (per) fluorinated olefin having one unsaturated ethylene type at the terminal position.
- a copolymer such as a (per) fluorinated olefin having one unsaturated ethylene type at the terminal position.
- the following can be exemplified as the comonomer.
- ⁇ CF 2 CFOR 2f (par) Fluoroalkyl vinyl ethers (PAVE) (In the formula, R 2f is a (par) fluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as trifluoromethyl or pentafluoropropyl).
- CF 2 CFOX o (par) fluorooxyalkyl vinyl ethers
- X o is a (par) fluorooxyalkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms containing one or more ether groups, for example, perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl. is there)
- ⁇ CFX 2 CX 2 OCF 2 OR'' f (IB)
- R''f is a linear or branched (par) fluoroalkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyclic (par) fluoroalkyl having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, or a carbon containing 1 to 3 oxygen atoms. Numbers 2-6 are linear or branched (par) fluorooxyalkyl, where X 2 is F or H)
- the (par) fluorovinyl ethers of the formula (IB) are preferably represented by the following formula.
- CFX 2 CX 2 OCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 Y (II-B) (In the equation, Y is F or OCF 3 and X 2 is as defined above.)
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 OCF 2 CF 3 (MOVE 1)
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 3 (MOVE2)
- TFE Tetrafluoroethylene
- the fluoroelastomer can also contain a unit derived from vinylidene fluoride, fluoroolefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms which may contain chlorine and / or bromine, and non-fluoroolefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- cross-linking initiator that is normally used can be used.
- peroxides, azo compounds and the like can be exemplified.
- the cross-linking initiator is preferably added at 0.3 to 35 mmol, more preferably 1 to 15 mmol, still more preferably 1.5 to 10 mmol with respect to 100 g of the fluoroelastomer.
- the larger the amount added the better the steam resistance and heat resistance tend to be. However, if it is too much, it may scorch or foam.
- the composition may include a cross-linking aid.
- the cross-linking aid include zinc oxide, activated alumina, magnesium oxide, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, amine and the like.
- the cross-linking aid is usually added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 g with respect to 100 g of the fluoroelastomer.
- the composition may include an aromatic cyclization promoter.
- the aromatic cyclization accelerator include acids and bases.
- the acid can be either an organic acid or an inorganic acid.
- a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid and the like are preferable.
- the inorganic acid sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, chromic acid, oxo acid, hydrogen halide, thionyl chloride and the like are preferable.
- the base include hydroxides, primary to tertiary amines, and oxides.
- the acid and the base may be added as a salt by reacting either one or both in advance.
- the aromatic cyclization accelerator is usually added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 g with respect to 100 g of the fluoroelastomer.
- a filler can be added to the composition for the purpose of increasing the mechanical strength.
- the filler those generally known as elastomer fillers can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- carbon black, silica, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, semi-crystalline fluoropolymer, perfluoropolymer and the like can be mentioned.
- the crosslinked fluoroelastomer according to the present embodiment can be obtained by crosslinking the above-mentioned composition.
- it can be produced by a production method having the following steps 1 and 2.
- Step 1 The composition is heated to react the fluoroelastomer with the cross-linking agent.
- Step 2 The cyclohexane ring derived from the cross-linking agent is converted into an aromatic ring.
- the heating conditions in step 1 can be appropriately set according to the cross-linking agent to be used and the like. Generally, the heating temperature is 100 to 200 ° C. and the heating time is 5 to 60 minutes. By this step, the fluoroelastomer and the cross-linking agent react and bond with each other. As a result, the cyclohexene ring of the cross-linking agent becomes a cyclohexane ring. Step 1 may be carried out, for example, by putting the composition in a mold and pressing it.
- step 2 the cyclohexane ring formed in step 1 is converted into an aromatic ring.
- the heating conditions can be appropriately adjusted depending on whether or not an aromatic cyclization accelerator is used. For example, it is heated at 100 to 350 ° C. for 1 to 100 hours. This heating can be performed using an electric furnace or the like.
- the method having the above steps 1 and 2 is shown as an example of the manufacturing method, the method is not limited thereto. For example, by optimizing the heating conditions and the like, the above steps 1 and 2 may be collectively carried out.
- Heating may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere or in the atmosphere.
- the inert gas nitrogen, helium, argon or the like can be used, and nitrogen is preferable.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 10 ppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less.
- the crosslinked fluoroelastomer according to this embodiment preferably does not contain unsaturated bonds other than aromatic rings. Further, the crosslinked fluoroelastomer according to the present embodiment preferably has a gel fraction of 35% or more, more preferably 45% or more after being exposed to saturated water vapor at 330 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the gel fraction measures the mass (A) of the crosslinked fluoroelastomer before exposure to the saturated water vapor, and the crosslinked fluoroelastomer after exposure to the saturated water vapor for 24 hours is used as a solvent (for example, Florinate FC-3283 (3M)). )),
- the mass (B) of the residual solid content can be measured and calculated from the following formula.
- Gel fraction mass (B) / mass (A) x 100
- the crosslinked fluoroelastomer obtained by the above manufacturing method can be used as a sealing material, and can be used as a molded product such as an O-ring, a gasket or a sealing ring.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of Compound 1] The following compound 1 was synthesized. Commercially available reagents were used for both the compound and the catalyst.
- the obtained solution (34 mL, 20.4 mmol) was placed in another 100 mL two-necked flask under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the dodecafluorosuberic acid (1.57 g, 4.) was dissolved in diethyl ether (4 mL). 0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise at room temperature with stirring. After the dropping, the mixture was stirred at 45 ° C. for 1.25 hours, returned to room temperature, and then stirred for 15 hours. After slowly adding 50% hydrochloric acid containing ice, the organic layer was extracted with diethyl ether (15 mL x 3 times).
- the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (20 mL ⁇ 3 times) and water (20 mL ⁇ 3 times), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the obtained concentrate was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 1.19 g of the following intermediate 1 which is a diketone compound.
- the reaction solution was diluted with hexane, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added, organic substances were extracted from the water tank using hexane, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After removing anhydrous sodium sulfate by filtration, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained concentrate was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain Compound 3.
- Example production method Each sample was prepared as shown in Table 2 below. Each component in the blending amount shown in Table 2 was placed in a pressure-resistant container and replaced with Ar. It was left to stand until the perfluoroelastomer (3M PFE40z) was dissolved. The pressure-resistant container was heated at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to crosslink the FFKM. The solvent was volatilized by heating in a vacuum oven at 130 ° C. for 2 hours. It was heated in a nitrogen-substituted oven at 310 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the compound of the present invention can be used as a cross-linking agent for fluoroelastomers.
- the crosslinked fluoroelastomer of the present invention can be used as a sealing material (O-ring, etc.) required for chemical resistance and high temperature steam resistance in power generation, semiconductor devices, chemical plants, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的の一つは、架橋フルオロエラストマーの耐高温蒸気性を改善し得る架橋剤、及び耐高温蒸気性が改善された架橋フルオロエラストマーを提供することである。
1.下記式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物。
2.下記式(2A)で表される化合物である、1に記載の化合物。
3.下記式(2B)で表される化合物である、2に記載の化合物。
4.A1が、単結合、-O-、-S-、ヘテロ原子含有基、直鎖アルキレン基、分枝アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、フッ化アルキレン基又はアリーレン基である、2又は3に記載の化合物。
5.前記脱離基が、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基、カルボニル含有基、リン系置換基、硫黄系置換基、1~3級アミノ基、シアノ基及びニトロ基から選択される基である、1~4のいずれかに記載の化合物。
6.1~5のいずれかに記載の化合物を含む架橋剤。
7.フルオロエラストマー、架橋開始剤、及び6に記載の架橋剤を含む組成物。
8.7に記載の組成物を架橋して得られた架橋フルオロエラストマー。
9.7に記載の組成物を加熱して、フルオロエラストマーと架橋剤を反応させる工程と、前記架橋剤に由来するシクロヘキサン環を芳香環に変換する工程と、を含む、架橋フルオロエラストマーの製造方法。
10.330℃の飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後のゲル分率が45%以上である、9の方法で製造した架橋フルオロエラストマー。
11.330℃の飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後のゲル分率が45%以上である架橋フルオロエラストマー。
12.架橋構造に芳香環以外の不飽和結合を含まない11に記載の架橋フルオロエラストマー。
13.8及び10~12のいずれかに記載の架橋フルオロエラストマーから得られる成形体。
14.シール材である13に記載の成形体。
本発明の一実施形態に係る化合物は、下記式(1)で表される構造を有する。
置換基は、後述する脱離基以外の基であり、本願発明の効果を損なわない基であれば、特に限定はない。例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基は直鎖でも分枝でもよく、炭素数は好ましくは1~15(より好ましくは炭素数1~6)である。シクロアルキル基の炭素数は好ましくは3~8(より好ましくは炭素数3~6)である。アリール基の炭素数は好ましくは6~18(より好ましくは炭素数6~12)である。アリール基として、フェニル、ナフチル等が挙げられる。
置換基の炭素原子は、一部又は全部がフッ素化されていてもよい。
アルコキシ基は-ORx1で表される基であり、Rx1としては、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等が挙げられる。好ましくは、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基等のアルキル基である。
Rx2は、好ましくは、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基等のアルキル基である。
硫黄系置換基としては、スルホン酸基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、スルフェニル基、メルカプト基等が挙げられる。
具体的に、スルホニル基は-S(=O)2Rx3、スルフィニル基は-S(=O)Rx3、スルフェニル基は-SRx3で表される基が好ましい。Rx3としては、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等が挙げられる。
Rx3は、好ましくは、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基等のアルキル基である。
直鎖又は分枝のアルキレン基の炭素数は好ましくは1~15(より好ましくは炭素数1~6)である。シクロアルキレン基の炭素数は好ましくは3~8(より好ましくは炭素数3~6)である。アリーレン基の炭素数は好ましくは炭素数が6~18(より好ましくは炭素数6~12)である。
これらの基は一部又は全部がフッ素化されていてもよい。例えば、シクロアルキレン基、アリーレン基がフッ素化される。
フッ化アルキレン基は、アルキレン基の水素の一部又は全部がフッ素化された基である。好ましくは-(CF2)m-(式中、mは1~15(好ましくは1~6)の整数である。)である。
式(2B)においては、シクロヘキセン環に結合する水素を省略している。
本実施形態の化合物の具体例を以下に示す。
本実施形態に係る組成物は、上述した架橋剤(化合物)、フルオロエラストマー及び架橋開始剤を含有する。
例えば、以下のモノマー由来の繰返し単位を例示できる。1又は2以上のモノマー由来の繰返し単位を含むことができる。
CF2=CH2(ビニリデンフロライド)、
CF2=CF2(テトラフルオロエチレン)、
CF2=CFCF3(ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)、
CH2=CH2、
CH2=CHCH3
コモノマーとして以下を例示できる。
・ CF2=CFOR2f (パー)フルオロアルキルビニルエーテル類(PAVE)
(式中、R2fは炭素数1~6の(パー)フルオロアルキル、例えばトリフルオロメチル又はペンタフルオロプロピルである)
・ CF2=CFOXo (パー)フルオロオキシアルキルビニルエーテル類
(式中、Xoは1以上のエーテル基を含む炭素数1~12の(パー)フルオロオキシアルキル、例えばパーフルオロ-2-プロポキシプロピルである)
・ CFX2=CX2OCF2OR’’f (I-B)
(式中、R’’fは、炭素数2~6の直鎖又は分枝(パー)フルオロアルキル、炭素数5,6の環状(パー)フルオロアルキル、又は酸素原子1~3個を含む炭素数2~6の直鎖又は分枝(パー)フルオロオキシアルキルであり、X2はF又はHである)
CFX2=CX2OCF2OCF2CF2Y (II-B)
(式中、YはF又はOCF3であり、X2は上記で定義した通りである。)
CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF3 (MOVE1)
CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF2OCF3 (MOVE2)
テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE) 50~85モル%、PAVE 15~50モル%;
TFE 50~85モル%、MOVE 15~50モル%。
架橋補助剤としては、酸化亜鉛、活性アルミナ、酸化マグネシウム、第四級アンモニウム塩、第四級ホスホニウム塩、アミン等が挙げられる。架橋補助剤を含むことにより、架橋効率、耐熱性を向上できる。架橋補助剤は、フルオロエラストマー100gに対して、通常0.1~10g添加する。
芳香環化促進剤としては、酸、塩基が挙げられる。
酸は有機酸及び無機酸のどちらでも使用することができる。有機酸としては、カルボン酸、スルホン酸等が好ましい。無機酸としては硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、リン酸、ホウ酸、クロム酸、オキソ酸、ハロゲン化水素、塩化チオニル等が好ましい。
塩基は、水酸化物、1~3級アミン、オキシド等が挙げられる。
酸と塩基は、どちらか一方を、又は予め両方を反応させて塩として添加してもよい。
芳香環化促進剤は、フルオロエラストマー100gに対して、通常0.1~10g添加する。
本実施形態に係る架橋フルオロエラストマーは、上述した組成物を架橋させることにより得られる。例えば、下記の工程1及び2を有する製法により製造できる。
工程1:上記組成物を加熱して、フルオロエラストマーと架橋剤を反応させる工程
工程2:架橋剤に由来するシクロヘキサン環を芳香環に変換する工程
本工程により、フルオロエラストマーと架橋剤が反応し結合する。その結果、架橋剤のシクロヘキセン環がシクロヘキサン環となる。
工程1は、例えば金型に組成物を入れプレス加工しながら実施してもよい。
不活性ガスとして、窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴン等を用いることができ、窒素が好ましい。不活性ガス雰囲気下において、酸素濃度は、好ましくは、10ppm以下、より好ましくは、5ppm以下である。
また、本実施形態に係る架橋フルオロエラストマーは、好ましくは330℃の飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後のゲル分率が35%以上であり、より好ましくは45%以上である。前記ゲル分率は、前記飽和水蒸気に曝露する前の架橋フルオロエラストマーの質量(A)を測定し、前記飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後の架橋フルオロエラストマーを溶剤(例えば、フロリナートFC-3283(3M))に浸漬して残留する固形分の質量(B)を測定し、下記式から算出することができる。
ゲル分率=質量(B)/質量(A)×100
水分子が反応するのに必要な活性化エネルギーを、分子軌道計算によって求めた。結果を表1に示す。計算はGaussian 09W(Rev. C.01)を用い、B3LYP/6-31+G*の基底関数系で行った。活性化エネルギーが大きいほど蒸気との反応が起こりにくく、耐高温蒸気性の高い架橋構造であると言える。本発明の架橋剤から誘導できる架橋構造(i)は芳香環以外の不飽和結合を含まないため、活性化エネルギーが大きく、耐蒸気性に優れる。一方、従来の架橋剤から誘導される架橋構造(ii)、(iii)は蒸気に弱いビニル基などの不飽和結合を含むため、活性化エネルギーが小さく、耐蒸気性に劣る。
撹拌機を具備した200mLの二つ口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下で削り状のマグネシウム(1.10g,45.3mmol)とジエチルエーテル(20mL)を仕込んだ。該フラスコに、ジエチルエーテル(20mL)に溶解させた4-ブロモ-1-ブテン(5.43g,40.2mmol)を、室温で撹拌しながらゆっくりと滴下した。その後、さらに室温で30分間撹拌した。
得られた溶液(34mL,20.4mmol)を、窒素雰囲気下で別の100mLの二つ口フラスコに仕込み、これにジエチルエーテル(4mL)に溶解させたドデカフルオロスベリン酸(1.57g,4.0mmol)を室温で撹拌しながらゆっくりと滴下した。滴下後、45℃で1.25時間撹拌し、室温に戻してから15時間撹拌した。氷を入れた50%塩酸をゆっくりと加えた後、ジエチルエーテル(15mL×3回)で有機層を抽出した。有機層を炭酸水素ナトリウム飽和溶液(20mL×3回)と水(20mL×3回)で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した後に、ろ液を減圧濃縮した。得られた濃縮物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、ジケトン化合物である下記中間体1を1.19g得た。
撹拌機を具備した50mLの二つ口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下で削り状のマグネシウム(0.53g,21.9mmol)とジエチルエーテル(10mL)を仕込み、これにジエチルエーテル(10mL)に溶解させたアリルブロミド(2.43g,20.1mmol)を室温で撹拌しながらゆっくりと滴下した。その後、さらに室温で30分間撹拌した。
得られた溶液(11mL,6.3mmol)を、窒素雰囲気下で別の30mLの二つ口フラスコに仕込み、-78℃まで冷却した。該フラスコにジエチルエーテル(2mL)に溶解させた中間体1(1.19g)を、-78℃で撹拌しながらゆっくりと滴下した。1時間撹拌した後、室温に戻してから10%塩酸に反応液を入れた後、ジエチルエーテル(15mL×3回)で有機層を抽出した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した後に、ろ液を減圧濃縮した。得られた濃縮物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、ジオール化合物である下記中間体2を1.13g得た。
撹拌機を具備した100mLの二つ口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下で中間体2(1.13g,2.05mmol)とジクロロメタン(41mL)と第一世代グラブス触媒(0.086g,0.105mmol)を仕込み、50℃で21時間撹拌した。室温に戻した後、反応液をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、下記中間体3を0.853g得た。
・1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=1.79(td,J=25.30Hz,6.07Hz,2H),1.90~2.08(m,2H),1.97(s,2H),2.09~2.37(m,6H),2.57(d,J=17.41Hz,2H),5.53~5.67(m,2H),5.73~5.86(m,2H)
・19F-NMR(CDCl3,CFCl3,376MHz):δ=-119.60(d,J=8.70Hz,4F),-121.09~-125.29(m,4F),-121.82~-122.30(m,4F)
撹拌器を具備した30mL二口フラスコに、アルゴン雰囲気下で化合物1(0.148g,0.3mmol)とN-ブロモスクシンイミド(0.112g,0.63mmol)とアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN:0.0014g,0.009mmol)、及び四塩化炭素(3mL)を仕込み、80℃下で2時間撹拌した。室温に戻してから、減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化合物1を得た。
1H-NMR、19F-NMR及び質量分析(MS)により、化合物1が合成されていることを確認した。以下の化合物も同様である。
撹拌器を具備した30mL二口フラスコに、アルゴン雰囲気下で水素化ナトリウム(0.072g,3mmol)とテトラヒドロフラン(7mL)を仕込み、0℃下で撹拌しながら、化合物2(0.277g,0.5mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(2mL)に溶解させ滴下し、0℃下で30分撹拌した。ヨードメタン(0.426g,3mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(1mL)に溶解させて滴下した後、室温まで昇温させ、21時間撹拌した。反応溶液をヘキサンで希釈し、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液を加えた後、ヘキサンを用いて水槽から有機物を抽出し、有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過により無水硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、減圧濃縮し、得られた濃縮物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化合物3を得た。
本願式(1)で表される構造が、所望の架橋構造を形成することを、以下の実験により確認した。
架橋剤として、上記化合物2の構造を有する下記化合物2Aを用いた。また、フルオロエラストマーの架橋反応部位にはフルオロアルキルヨージド(-CF2CF2I)が導入されているので、実験ではパーフルオロエラストマーの代わりに、トリデカフルオロヨージドを用いた。両者をラジカル開始剤存在下で反応させて、化合物2Aのシクロヘキセン環をシクロヘキサン環に変換した下記化合物2Bを合成した。その後、化合物2Bのシクロヘキサン環を加熱により芳香環に変換した下記化合物2C、2C’を合成した。これにより本願架橋剤がフルオロエラストマーと架橋反応し、その後加熱によって芳香環化することが確認できた。なお、化合物2Aは実施例2において、1,6-ジヨードドデカフルオロヘキサンに代えてトリデカフルオロヨージドを使用することにより合成できる。
撹拌器を具備した20mL二口フラスコに、アルゴン雰囲気下で化合物2B(0.089g,0.10mmol)とピリジン(1.0mL)を仕込み、塩化チオニル(0.026g,0.22mmol)をゆっくり加えた後に、室温で18時間撹拌した。エーテルで希釈し、有機層を希塩酸、炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、純水の順で洗浄後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。濾過により無水硫酸ナトリウムを除去し、減圧濃縮した後、得られた濃縮物をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化合物2C及び化合物2C’を得た。
・1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=1.70~3.59(m,9H),3.59~4.09(m,1H),4.21~4.82(m,1H)
・19F-NMR(CDCl3,CFCl3,376MHz):δ=81.12~81.35(m,6F),106.10~124.41(m,16F),125.32~128.00(m,4F)
・1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=7.76(s,4H)
・19F-NMR(CDCl3,CFCl3,376MHz):δ=-81.26(t,J=19.50Hz,3F),-111.77(t,J=28.46Hz,2F),-121.71~-122.08(m,2F),-122.12~-122.33(m,2F),-123.18~-123.46(m,2F),-126.52~-126.74(m,2F)
・1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=7.70(t,J=7.76Hz,1H),7.82(s,2H),7.84(s,1H)
・19F-NMR(CDCl3,CFCl3,376MHz):δ=-81.49(t,J=19.69Hz,3F),-111.78(t,J=28.73Hz,2F),-121.81~-122.18(m,2F),-122.37~-122.68(m,2F),-123.23~-123.59(m,2F),-126.67~-126.92(m,2F)
[試料製造方法]
各試料を下記表2の通りに調製した。
表2に示す配合量の各成分を耐圧容器に入れて、Arで置換した。パーフルオロエラストマー(3M製PFE40z)が溶解するまで放置した。耐圧容器を100℃×30min加熱し、FFKMを架橋させた。真空オーブンで130℃×2hr加熱し、溶剤を揮発させた。窒素置換したオーブンで310℃×4時間加熱した。
Claims (14)
- A1が、単結合、-O-、-S-、ヘテロ原子含有基、直鎖アルキレン基、分枝アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、フッ化アルキレン基又はアリーレン基である、請求項2又は3に記載の化合物。
- 前記脱離基が、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシ基、カルボニル含有基、リン系置換基、硫黄系置換基、1~3級アミノ基、シアノ基及びニトロ基から選択される基である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の化合物を含む架橋剤。
- フルオロエラストマー、架橋開始剤、及び請求項6に記載の架橋剤を含む組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の組成物を架橋して得られた架橋フルオロエラストマー。
- 請求項7に記載の組成物を加熱して、フルオロエラストマーと架橋剤を反応させる工程と、
前記架橋剤に由来するシクロヘキサン環を芳香環に変換する工程と、を含む、架橋フルオロエラストマーの製造方法。 - 330℃の飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後のゲル分率が45%以上である、請求項9記載の方法で製造した架橋フルオロエラストマー。
- 330℃の飽和水蒸気に24時間暴露した後のゲル分率が45%以上である架橋フルオロエラストマー。
- 架橋構造に芳香環以外の不飽和結合を含まない請求項11に記載の架橋フルオロエラストマー。
- 請求項8及び10~12のいずれかに記載の架橋フルオロエラストマーから得られる成形体。
- シール材である請求項13に記載の成形体。
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| JP2016145167A (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-12 | ニチアス株式会社 | 架橋剤及びフッ素含有芳香族化合物 |
| JP2016145277A (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-12 | ニチアス株式会社 | 架橋剤 |
| JP2017081889A (ja) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-05-18 | ニチアス株式会社 | フッ素含有芳香族化合物 |
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| US3020309A (en) | 1959-12-23 | 1962-02-06 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Halocycloalkenyl borates and preparation thereof |
| CN1083440C (zh) | 1996-07-01 | 2002-04-24 | 大金工业株式会社 | 氟化三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯、含有该物质的硫化用弹性体的组合物以及硫化方法 |
| ITMI20041252A1 (it) | 2004-06-22 | 2004-09-22 | Solvay Solexis Spa | Composizioni perfluoroelastomeriche |
| US8288482B2 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2012-10-16 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Curable fluoroelastomer compositions |
| JP6276951B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2018-02-07 | 株式会社キッツ | 耐蒸気性に優れた無端状シール部材及びバルブ |
| EP4151676B1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2025-03-05 | Nichias Corporation | Rubber composition, fluoroelastomer, and sealing material |
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2020
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- 2020-12-18 US US17/785,821 patent/US12583995B2/en active Active
- 2020-12-18 WO PCT/JP2020/047531 patent/WO2021125347A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2020-12-18 TW TW109145407A patent/TW202132265A/zh unknown
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| WO2015019581A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-02-12 | ニチアス株式会社 | 架橋剤及びフッ素含有芳香族化合物 |
| JP2017081889A (ja) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-05-18 | ニチアス株式会社 | フッ素含有芳香族化合物 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2023134549A (ja) | 2023-09-27 |
| US12583995B2 (en) | 2026-03-24 |
| TW202132265A (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
| JP7603288B2 (ja) | 2024-12-20 |
| US20230100818A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
| JPWO2021125347A1 (ja) | 2021-06-24 |
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