WO2021121009A1 - 复合板 - Google Patents

复合板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021121009A1
WO2021121009A1 PCT/CN2020/132098 CN2020132098W WO2021121009A1 WO 2021121009 A1 WO2021121009 A1 WO 2021121009A1 CN 2020132098 W CN2020132098 W CN 2020132098W WO 2021121009 A1 WO2021121009 A1 WO 2021121009A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
composite board
board
board according
cement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/132098
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高峰
陈艳凤
刘在祥
蔡园丰
朱涛
牛争艳
王兵
盛浩
Original Assignee
上海兴邺材料科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021121009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021121009A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/06—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels

Definitions

  • This application relates to a composite board, especially a composite board with cement as the main material.
  • Organic boards include traditional wood fiber board, particle board, Ou Song board, wood fiber board and so on. Most of these organic boards are flammable, have poor fire resistance, and have the problem of releasing formaldehyde. Especially after absorbing water, the expansion of the board will directly lead to loss of performance. In addition, its strength is low and it is prone to breakage. Obviously, organic panels are not suitable for building walls, especially exterior walls.
  • Inorganic boards include cement fiber board, glass magnesium board, gypsum board and so on. Compared with organic panels, inorganic panels have certain advantages in terms of waterproof and fireproof performance. However, inorganic plates also have other problems. For example, the material density is high, the weight of the finished plate is heavier, the overall structure has micropores, the lack of toughness, it is prone to breakage when affected by impact stress and shear stress, and the structural strength is low. In addition, the nail-holding force is poor, and the single-texture board is prone to warping and deformation after long-term placement, and the production cost is high. Furthermore, the magnesium oxychloride cement used in the glass magnesium plate is corrosive to reinforcing materials such as steel, and the brittleness will gradually increase after long-term use, and the structural strength will decrease.
  • a composite board that overcomes one or more of the above shortcomings, that is, a multifunctional composite board that has high structural strength, strong nail holding force, and good weather resistance. It can adapt to industrial continuous production and adapt to the modular structure of modular assembly buildings. Type plate.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a composite board that can meet the requirements of high structural strength, strong nail-holding force, and good weather resistance, suitable for industrial-scale production, and suitable for configuration in modular assembly buildings. Wall.
  • the first pressure-resistant layer is set to adhere to the first stretch-resistant layer with its first surface
  • the second surface of the layer includes: a second substrate, formed of a cement curing layer, including a flat outer surface and an inner surface arranged parallel to the outer surface; a second stretch-resistant layer, including a first surface and a first surface arranged parallel to the first surface The two surfaces are set with a predetermined tensile prestress so that the first surface is attached to the inner surface of the second substrate; and the second pressure-resistant layer is formed by a cement cured layer, including a first surface, parallel to the first surface A second surface is provided, and a plurality of second convex ribs protruding outwardly on the second surface are parallel and uniformly arranged.
  • the second pressure-resistant layer is set to adhere to the second stretch-resistant layer with its first surface The second surface of the layer.
  • At least one connecting member is provided between the first board and the second board to rigidly connect the two, so that the outer surface of the first board of the first board and the outer surface of the second board of the second board are separated by a first predetermined distance. D1 are parallel to each other.
  • the second surface of the first compressive layer of the first plate and the second surface of the second compressive layer of the second plate are arranged to face each other; the first raised rib of the first compressive layer of the first plate and the second surface of the second compressive layer of the first plate
  • the second protruding ribs of the second compression layer of the two plates are arranged opposite to each other and maintain a second predetermined distance D2; the predetermined tensile prestress of the first tensile layer of the first plate and the second tensile force of the second plate
  • the predetermined tensile prestress of the layers is equal.
  • the composite board may further include: a first waterproof material layer formed of a waterproof material, including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, disposed on the first pressure-resistant layer On the second surface and the first raised rib; and a second waterproof material layer, formed of a waterproof material, including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, disposed on the second surface and the first surface of the second pressure-resistant layer Two raised ribs.
  • the composite board may further include: a first surface layer provided on the outer surface of the first substrate; and a second surface layer provided on the outer surface of the second substrate.
  • the composite board may further include: a first mesh cloth layer disposed on the second surface of the first compression layer and the first raised ribs; and a second mesh cloth layer disposed On the second surface of the second pressure resistant layer and the second raised rib.
  • the waterproof material may include a resin composite material.
  • the first facing layer and the second facing layer may include the same resin composite material.
  • the composite board may further include: a plurality of first vertical ribs, which are perpendicular to the first convex ribs and evenly arranged between any two of the first convex ribs; and a plurality of first vertical ribs; Two vertical ribs, perpendicular to the second raised ribs and evenly arranged between any two of the second raised ribs, wherein a plurality of first raised ribs and a plurality of first vertical ribs are on the first compressive layer A grid is formed, a plurality of second raised ribs and a plurality of second vertical ribs form a grid on the second compression layer, and the grid on the first compression layer and the grid on the second compression layer are mutually face.
  • the at least one connecting piece may be a frame arranged in one direction, and the frame may be arranged between the first raised rib and the second raised rib; or at least one connecting piece may be arranged at The surrounding border.
  • the gap between the first plate and the second plate may be selectively filled with filler.
  • the filler may include a lightweight material, a sound insulation board or an insulation board, wherein the lightweight material may include one of foamed plastic, bamboo sawdust, perlite, foamed concrete, or two or more of them Any combination of.
  • the first raised rib and the second raised rib may include unsaturated resin.
  • the first vertical rib and the second vertical rib may include unsaturated resin.
  • the first stretch-resistant layer and the second stretch-resistant layer may include a metal wire mesh, a mesh cloth, a plastic orifice plate, or a metal orifice plate.
  • the metal wire mesh may include a steel wire mesh.
  • the mesh cloth may include glass fibers.
  • the cement curing layer may include one of fast-hardening and early-strength sulfoaluminate cement, ferro-aluminate cement, Portland cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, phosphomagnesium cement, and high alumina cement, Or a combination of any two or more of them.
  • the cement cured layer may include a retarder.
  • the cement cured layer may also include a waterproofing agent.
  • the composite board may further include one or more threaded braces, which are embedded in positions corresponding to the first raised ribs and the second raised ribs.
  • the outer end surface of the one or more threaded braces and the outer surface of the first substrate or the outer surface of the second substrate may be coplanar.
  • the outer wall surface of one or more threaded braces is provided with self-tapping threads.
  • the composite board may further include a mark indicating the location of the first raised rib and the second raised rib.
  • the composite board may further include a mark indicating the positions of the first vertical rib and the second vertical rib.
  • the composite board according to the present application includes a first board, a second board, and at least one connecting member connecting the first board and the second board together. Because the first board and the second board are the same in structure, they can be uniformly manufactured on a dedicated industrial production line, and then arranged relative to each other, and joined together by at least one connecting piece. Therefore, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: 1. The first plate and the second plate can be made with high precision through a dedicated industrial production line. Therefore, the accuracy and smoothness of the outer surface of the first plate and the second plate can be ensured by improving the accuracy of the mold. 2.
  • the first board and the second board can be made with high precision through a dedicated industrial production line, the first raised rib and the second raised rib can ensure good opposition to each other, so that they can be absorbed during storage and transportation.
  • the direction of the external force is applied to avoid warping or normal deformation of the composite board. 3.
  • the first raised rib and the second raised rib are in the vertical direction, so the pressure bearing capacity of the composite board in the vertical direction is greatly improved. 4.
  • the first board includes a first stretch-resistant layer
  • the second board includes a second stretch-resistant layer
  • both the first stretch-resistant layer and the second stretch-resistant layer are set on the substrate with a predetermined tensile prestress And the compression layer, thus greatly improving the tensile strength and bending strength of the composite board. 5.
  • the composite board according to the present application reduces the amount of cement curing layer used, reduces the weight of the composite board, and therefore greatly reduces the material cost, manufacturing cost and transportation cost.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the composite board shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the composite board shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the composite board shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view showing an arrangement scheme of raised ribs and vertical ribs of the composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of the connecting member of the composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view showing another embodiment of the connecting member of the composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a composite board with threaded braces according to the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a composite plate with threaded braces according to the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the threaded braces of the composite plate according to the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the threaded braces of the composite plate according to the present application.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a composite board according to the present application.
  • the composite board according to the embodiment of the present application includes a first board 10, a second board 20 and at least one connecting member 30.
  • the first board 10 may include, for example, a first substrate 11, a first stretch-resistant layer 12 and a first compression-resistant layer 13 from top to bottom.
  • the first substrate 11 may be formed of a cement cured layer, and may include a flat outer surface 11a and an inner surface 11b arranged in parallel with the outer surface 11a.
  • the first compression layer 13 may be formed of a cement cured layer, and may include a first surface 13a, a second surface 13b arranged in parallel with the first surface 13a, and a plurality of parallel and uniform surfaces protruding outward on the second surface 13b.
  • the first raised rib 13c is provided.
  • the first pressure-resistant layer 13 is arranged to adhere to the second surface 12b of the first stretch-resistant layer 12 with its first surface 13a.
  • the first substrate 11, the first stretch-resistant layer 12, and the first compression-resistant layer 13 are combined together while ensuring the predetermined tensile prestress of the first stretch-resistant layer 12.
  • the second substrate 21 may be formed of a cement cured layer, and may include a flat outer surface 21a and an inner surface 21b arranged in parallel with the outer surface 21a.
  • the second stretch-resistant layer 22 may include a first surface 22a and a second surface 22b arranged in parallel with the first surface 22a.
  • the first surface 22a of the second stretch-resistant layer 22 is attached to the inner surface 21b of the second substrate 21, and is set on the inner surface 21b of the second substrate 21 under a predetermined tensile prestress.
  • the second pressure-resistant layer 23 may be formed of a cement cured layer, and includes a first surface 23a, a second surface 23b arranged in parallel with the first surface 23a, and a plurality of protruding outward on the second surface 23b arranged in parallel and uniformly with each other The second raised rib 23c.
  • the second compression-resistant layer 23 may be arranged such that its first surface 23a is attached to the second surface 22b of the second stretch-resistant layer 22.
  • the second substrate 11, the second stretch-resistant layer 22, and the second compression-resistant layer 23 are combined together while ensuring the predetermined tensile prestress of the second stretch-resistant layer 22.
  • At least one connecting member 30 may be provided between the first board 10 and the second board 20 to rigidly connect the two so that the outer surface 11a of the first board 11 of the first board 10 and the second board 21 of the second board 20
  • the outer surfaces 21a are parallel to each other at a first predetermined distance D1.
  • the size of the first predetermined distance D1 can be determined according to the design thickness of the composite board.
  • the second surface 13b of the first compressive layer 13 of the first board 10 and the second surface 23b of the second compressive layer 23 of the second board 20 are arranged to face each other.
  • the first raised rib 13c of the first pressure resistant layer 13 of the first plate 10 and the second raised rib 23c of the second pressure resistant layer 23 of the second plate 20 are arranged opposite to each other and maintain a second predetermined distance D2 from each other.
  • the value range of the second predetermined distance D2 can be determined according to the allowable amount of elastic deformation of the first plate 10 and the second plate 20.
  • a cushion (not shown) may be included between the first raised rib 13c of the first pressure resistant layer 13 of the first plate 10 and the second raised rib 23c of the second pressure resistant layer 23 of the second plate 20 ).
  • the cushion may include an elastic material.
  • the predetermined tensile prestress of the first tensile layer 12 of the first plate 10 is equal to the predetermined tensile prestress of the second tensile layer 22 of the second plate 20.
  • the composition of the first board 10 and the second board 20 are the same and the features are arranged opposite to each other, the first board 10 and the second board 20 can be completely the same prefabricated parts under the condition of a reasonable design to make the structure symmetrical. Therefore, the design of the mold for making the first board 10 and the second board 20 is reduced, and the design of the production line for making the first board 10 and the second board 20 is also simplified. In this way, after the production of the first board 10 and the second board 20 is completed, the two are connected by a connecting member, and the composite board as described above is completed.
  • the connecting members are also the cement cured layer
  • the combination of the first board 10, the second board 20 and the at least one connecting member 30 can be regarded as only the combination of the cement cured layer in time periods.
  • the composite board may further include a first waterproof material layer 14 and a second waterproof material layer 24.
  • the first waterproof material layer 14 may be formed of a waterproof material, and may include a first surface 14a and a second surface 14b opposite to the first surface 14a.
  • the first waterproof material layer 14 may be disposed on the second surface 13b of the first pressure resistant layer 13 and the first convex rib 13c.
  • the second waterproof material layer 24 may be formed of a waterproof material, and may include a first surface 24a and a second surface 24b opposite to the first surface 24a.
  • the second waterproof material layer 24 may be disposed on the second surface 23b of the second pressure resistant layer 23 and the second convex rib 13c.
  • the first waterproof material layer 14 and the second waterproof material layer 24 may include a resin composite material. Therefore, during the manufacturing process of the first board 10 and the second board 20, the water in the cement solidification layer adjacent to it can be prevented from escaping, so as to avoid any pollution or materials caused by the water analysis on other features in subsequent production. mixing. Furthermore, because the first waterproof material layer 14 and the second waterproof material layer 24 are resin composite materials, they have a good adhesive effect on the cement cured layer and are finally combined into one body without peeling off.
  • the composite board may further include a first surface layer 15 and a second surface layer 25.
  • the first surface layer 15 may be disposed on the outer surface 11 a of the first substrate 11 to become the final surface layer of the first board 10.
  • the second surface layer 25 may be disposed on the outer surface 21 a of the second substrate 21 to become the final surface layer of the second plate 20.
  • the first surface layer 15 and the second surface layer 25 may include the same material, for example, a resin composite material.
  • the resin composite material has a good bonding effect on the cement cured layer.
  • the resin composite material directly contacts the mold during the manufacturing process of the first plate 10 or the second plate 20. Since the solid particle size of the resin composite material is smaller than that of the cement cured layer, the surface quality of the surface layer of the first plate 10 or the second plate 20 formed of the resin composite material is higher. Furthermore, by using a release agent, etc., compared with a cement cured layer, the resin composite material is easier to release from the mold, thereby greatly improving the yield.
  • the composite board may further include a first grid cloth layer 16 and a second grid cloth layer 26.
  • the first mesh cloth layer 16 may be disposed on the second surface 13b of the first pressure resistant layer 13 and the first raised ribs 13c.
  • the second mesh cloth layer 26 may be disposed on the second surface 23b of the second pressure resistant layer 23 and the second raised ribs 23c.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view showing an arrangement scheme of raised ribs and vertical ribs of the composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of the connecting member of the composite board according to the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view showing another embodiment of the connecting member of the composite board according to the present application.
  • the composite board may further include a plurality of first vertical ribs 13d and a plurality of second vertical ribs 23d.
  • the plurality of first vertical ribs 13d may be perpendicular to the first raised ribs 13c and evenly disposed between any two of the first raised ribs 13c.
  • the plurality of second vertical ribs 23d may be perpendicular to the second raised ribs 23c and evenly disposed between any two of the second raised ribs 23c.
  • the plurality of first protruding ribs 13c and the plurality of first vertical ribs 13d may form a grid on the first compression layer 13, and the plurality of second protruding ribs 23c and the plurality of second vertical ribs 23d are in the second compression resistance layer.
  • a grid is formed on the layer 23, and the grid on the first compressive layer 13 and the grid on the second compressive layer 23 face each other.
  • FIG. 6 shows that a plurality of first raised ribs 13c and a plurality of first vertical ribs 13d are on the first compressive layer 13, or a plurality of second raised ribs 23c and a plurality of second vertical ribs 23d are on a second resistive layer 13
  • the laminated layer 23 is vertically and horizontally arranged in the figure.
  • the composite board according to the present application is not limited to this.
  • a plurality of first raised ribs 13c and a plurality of first vertical ribs 13d are on the first compression layer 13 or a plurality of second raised
  • the ribs 23c and the plurality of second vertical ribs 23d can be arranged in any orientation on the second compressive layer 23 when they are perpendicular to each other, for example, rotated at an angle of 45 degrees in the orientation shown in FIG. 5 to form a diamond-shaped grid. .
  • the at least one connecting member 30 may be a frame arranged in one direction, and may be formed of a cement curing layer.
  • at least one connecting member 30 may also be combined with the arrangement of the first raised rib 13c and the second raised rib 23c. That is, the frame may be provided between the first raised rib 13c and the second raised rib 23c. Even the at least one connecting member 30 may be a first raised rib 13c and a second raised rib 23c that are arranged on the edge of the composite board, which are combined with each other.
  • the at least one connecting member 30 may be a frame provided on the periphery, and may be formed of a cement curing layer.
  • the horizontally arranged frame may also be combined with the arrangement of the first vertical rib 13d and the second vertical rib 23d. That is, the horizontally arranged frame may be the first vertical rib 13d and the second vertical rib 23d arranged on the upper and lower edges of the composite board.
  • the at least one connecting member 30 may be any other type of connecting member, such as cement nails and metal connecting members.
  • the gap between the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 may be selectively filled with filler 70.
  • the filler 70 may include a lightweight material, a sound insulation board, or an insulation board.
  • the lightweight material may include one of foamed plastic, bamboo wood chips, perlite, foamed concrete, or any combination of two or more thereof.
  • the sound insulation board or thermal insulation board can be appropriately selected according to the design requirements of the composite board on the basis of the known technology in the art. Furthermore, it should be noted that even if the filler 70 is not filled, the gap between the first plate 10 and the second plate 20 itself has better sound insulation and heat insulation performance.
  • first raised rib 13c and the second raised rib 23c may include unsaturated resin.
  • first vertical rib 13d and the second vertical rib 23d may include unsaturated resin.
  • the first and second convex ribs 13c and 23c and/or the first and second vertical ribs 13d and 23d will reduce the hardness and brittleness. Therefore, it is easy to embed or screw into a metal member, for example, a threaded brace 40 (see FIG. 9) which will be described in detail below.
  • the first anti-stretch layer 12 and the second anti-stretch layer 22 may include metal wire mesh, mesh cloth, plastic orifice plate or metal orifice plate.
  • the metal wire mesh may include a steel wire mesh.
  • the mesh cloth may include glass fibers.
  • the metal orifice plate may be, for example, an ordinary steel orifice plate, a high-manganese steel orifice plate, or the like.
  • the plastic orifice plate may be, for example, a flame-retardant plastic orifice plate. Those skilled in the art can appropriately select in the design according to the application of the composite board.
  • the cement curing layer includes one of fast-hardening early-strength sulfoaluminate cement, ferro-aluminate cement, Portland cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, phosphomagnesium cement, high alumina cement, or any of them A combination of two or more.
  • fast-hardening early-strength sulfoaluminate cement ferro-aluminate cement
  • Portland cement magnesium oxychloride cement
  • phosphomagnesium cement high alumina cement
  • high alumina cement or any of them
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this, but any other types of cement and cement cured layers can be selected, and a retarder and a waterproofing agent can be added to the cement cured layer.
  • the retarder in the cement cured layer may include, for example, lignosulfonate and its derivatives, low molecular weight cellulose and its derivatives, hydroxycarboxylic acid (salt), organic phosphonic acid (salt), boric acid (salt), composite Things and so on.
  • the cement waterproofing agent may include, for example, inorganic compounds and organic compounds, and the inorganic compounds may include ferric chloride, modified silicon, zirconium compounds, and the like.
  • Organic compounds can include fatty acids and their salts, silicone surfactants (such as sodium methyl siliconate, sodium ethyl siliconate, polyethylhydroxysiloxane), paraffin, asphalt, rubber, and water-soluble resin emulsions . Silicone zirconium can be used in cement-based permeable crystalline waterproofing systems. Those skilled in the art can make appropriate selections according to the actual needs of the design.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a composite board with threaded braces according to the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a composite plate with threaded braces according to the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the threaded braces of the composite plate according to the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the threaded braces of the composite plate according to the present application.
  • a big disadvantage of cement preforms is that it is difficult to insert nails and has poor nail holding power.
  • the composite board needs to be connected by nails (including bolts and nuts), that is, as mentioned above, unsaturated resin is added to the raised ribs or vertical ribs.
  • Unsaturated resin refers to the polycondensation of dibasic acid and dibasic alcohol, which contains unsaturated dibasic acid or dihydric alcohol-containing linear polymer compound dissolved in monomer (usually styrene). liquid.
  • the addition of unsaturated resin to the cement cured layer can reduce brittleness and enhance toughness and flexibility. By adding unsaturated resin, the cement cured layer can be screwed into self-tapping nails after curing, so as to solve the problems of difficult nail insertion and poor nail holding power of the composite board.
  • the composite board may further include one or more threaded braces 40.
  • One or more threaded braces 40 may be embedded in positions corresponding to the first raised rib 13c and the second raised rib 23c.
  • the outer end surface 41 of the one or more threaded braces 40 of the composite board may be coplanar with the outer surface 11 a of the first substrate 11 or the outer surface 21 a of the second substrate 21.
  • the outer end surface 41 of one or more threaded braces 40 may be higher or lower than the outer surface 11 a of the first substrate 11 or the outer surface 21 a of the second substrate 21.
  • the outer wall surface of one or more threaded braces 40 of the composite board is provided with self-tapping threads 42.
  • the threaded braces 40 can be embedded in the composite plate, or can be screwed into the composite plate through self-tapping threads 42. That is, in this case, the depth of the threaded braces 40 in the composite plate is adjustable.
  • the internal threads in the threaded braces 40 can be screwed in to fix any objects that need to be fixed to the composite board, such as installing TV sets, air conditioners, switch seats, etc.
  • the small holes can also be temporarily opened at the position of the raised ribs or vertical ribs of the composite board, and self-tapping is used. The nails are screwed into the composite board. This is also due to the addition of an appropriate amount of unsaturated resin to the cement cured layer at such a position.
  • the composite board may further include a mark 50 indicating the locations of the first raised rib 13c and the second raised rib 23c.
  • the composite board may further include a mark 60 indicating the positions of the first vertical rib 13d and the second vertical rib 23d.
  • the composite board according to the present application includes a first board, a second board, and at least one connecting member connecting the first board and the second board together. Because the first board and the second board are the same in structure, they can be uniformly manufactured on a dedicated industrial production line, and then arranged relative to each other and joined together by at least one connector. Therefore, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: 1. The first plate and the second plate can be made with high precision through a dedicated industrial production line. Therefore, the accuracy and smoothness of the outer surface of the first plate and the second plate can be ensured by improving the accuracy of the mold. 2.
  • the first raised rib and the second raised rib can ensure good opposition to each other, so that the The direction of the external force is applied to avoid warping or normal deformation of the composite board. 3.
  • the first raised rib and the second raised rib are in the vertical direction, so the pressure bearing capacity of the composite board in the vertical direction is greatly improved.
  • the first board includes a first stretch-resistant layer
  • the second board includes a second stretch-resistant layer
  • both the first stretch-resistant layer and the second stretch-resistant layer are set on the substrate with a predetermined tensile prestress And the compression layer, thus greatly improving the tensile strength and bending strength of the composite board. 5.
  • the composite board according to the present application reduces the amount of cement curing layer used, reduces the weight of the composite board, and therefore greatly reduces the material cost, manufacturing cost and transportation cost.

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Abstract

一种复合板，包括第一板（10）、第二板（20）和连接二者的连接件（30），第一板（10）和第二板（20）分别包括基板（11,21）、抗拉伸层（12,22）和抗压层（13,23），且抗压层（13,23）中包括多个彼此平行且均匀设置的凸起肋（13c,23c）。第一板（10）和第二板（20）设置为彼此面对，第一板（10）上的凸起肋（13c）与第二板（20）上的凸起肋（23c）彼此面对且保持第二预定距离D2，第一板（10）的抗拉伸层（12）和第二板（20）的抗拉伸层（22）具有相同的预定的拉伸预应力。该复合板可用于建筑模块的墙面面板或装饰用面板以及其它用途的板材。

Description

复合板 技术领域
本申请涉及复合板，特别是以水泥为主要材料的复合板。
 背景技术
随着建筑行业的持续发展以及建筑材料的不断更新变换，建筑的生产方式也在发生很大的改变。当今，新型建筑正在向装配式、模块化方向迈进。然而，建筑模块化中所用的结构面板因品种单一、性能不达标、防火防水不过关等制约着建筑模块化的进程。
目前，市面上常见的结构面板大致分为有机类板材和无机类板材。
有机类板材包括传统的木质纤维板、刨花板、欧松板、木质纤维板等。这些有机类板材大都易燃，防火性能差，存在释放甲醛的问题。特别是在吸水后，板体膨胀会直接导致失去使用性能。此外，本身强度较低，容易发生破碎。显然，有机类板材不适用于建筑墙体，尤其是外墙。
无机板材包括水泥纤维板、玻镁平板、石膏板等。与有机类板材相比，无机类板材的防水防火性能具有一定的优势。然而，无机类板材也存在另外的问题，例如，材料密度高，成板重量较重，整体结构内存在微孔，缺乏韧性，受到冲击应力和剪切应力的影响时容易发生破碎，结构强度低且握钉力差，单一质地的板材长期放置易发生翘曲变形，生产成本较高等。再者，玻镁平板中采用的氯氧镁水泥对其中例如钢铁的加强材料具有腐蚀性，长期使用脆度会逐渐提高，结构强度降低。
因此，需要提供克服上述一个或多个缺点的复合型板材，即结构强度高、握钉力强、耐候性好切可以适应工业化连续生产并适配模块化装配式建筑中模块结构的多功能复合型板材。
 技术问题
本申请要解决的技术问题是提供一种复合型板材，使其能满足结构强度高、握钉力强、耐候性好的性能，适合工业规模化生产，并且适用于配置模块化装配式建筑中的墙体。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，根据本申请，提供一种复合板，包括第一板、第二板、以及连接第一板和第二板的至少一个连接件。第一板包括：第一基板，由水泥固化层形成，包括平面的外表面和与外表面平行设置的内表面；第一抗拉伸层，包括第一表面和与第一表面平行设置的第二表面，以预定的拉伸预应力设置为以其第一表面贴合于第一基板的内表面；以及第一抗压层，由水泥固化层形成，包括第一表面、与第一表面平行设置的第二表面、以及在第二表面上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第一凸起肋，第一抗压层设置为以其第一表面贴合于第一抗拉伸层的第二表面。第二板包括：第二基板，由水泥固化层形成，包括平面的外表面和与外表面平行设置的内表面；第二抗拉伸层，包括第一表面和与第一表面平行设置的第二表面，以预定的拉伸预应力设置为以其第一表面贴合于第二基板的内表面；以及第二抗压层，由水泥固化层形成，包括第一表面、与第一表面平行设置的第二表面、以及在第二表面上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第二凸起肋，第二抗压层设置为以其第一表面贴合于第二抗拉伸层的第二表面。至少一个连接件设置在第一板和第二板之间以刚性连接二者，使第一板的第一基板的外表面和第二板的第二基板的外表面之间以第一预定距离D1彼此平行。第一板的第一抗压层的第二表面和第二板的第二抗压层的第二表面设置为彼此面对；第一板的第一抗压层的第一凸起肋与第二板的第二抗压层的第二凸起肋相对设置且彼此保持第二预定距离D2；第一板的第一抗拉层的预定的拉伸预应力与第二板的第二抗拉层的预定的拉伸预应力相等。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括：第一防水材料层，由防水材料形成，包括第一表面和与第一表面相对的第二表面，设置在第一抗压层的第二表面和第一凸起肋上；以及第二防水材料层，由防水材料形成，包括第一表面和与第一表面相对的第二表面，设置在第二抗压层的第二表面和第二凸起肋上。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括：第一面层，设置在第一基板的外表面上；以及第二面层，设置在第二基板的外表面上。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括：第一网格布层，设置在第一抗压层的第二表面和第一凸起肋上；以及第二网格布层，设置在第二抗压层的第二表面和第二凸起肋上。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，防水材料可包括树脂复合材料。
              根据本申请的至少一个实施例，第一面层和第二面层可包括相同的树脂复合材料。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括：多个第一垂直肋，垂直于第一凸起肋且均匀地设置在第一凸起肋的任何两个之间；以及多个第二垂直肋，垂直于第二凸起肋且均匀地设置在第二凸起肋的任何两个之间，其中多个第一凸起肋和多个第一垂直肋在第一抗压层上形成网格，多个第二凸起肋和多个第二垂直肋在第二抗压层上形成网格，并且第一抗压层上的网格与第二抗压层上的网格彼此面对。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，至少一个连接件可为设置在一个方向上的边框，边框可设置在第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋之间；或者至少一个连接件可为设置在周边的边框。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，第一板和第二板之间的空隙可选择性地填充有填料。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，填料可包括轻质材料、隔音板或保温板，其中轻质材料可包括泡沫塑料、竹木屑、珍珠岩、泡沫混凝土之一，或者其两个或两个以上的任何组合。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋可包括不饱和树脂。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，第一垂直肋和第二垂直肋可包括不饱和树脂。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，第一抗拉伸层和第二抗拉伸层可包括金属丝网、网格布、塑料孔板或金属孔板。金属丝网可包括钢丝网。网格布可包括玻璃纤维。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，水泥固化层可包括快硬早强硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥、磷镁水泥、高铝水泥之一，或者其中任何两个或多个的组合。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，水泥固化层可包括缓凝剂。水泥固化层还可包括防水剂。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括一个或多个螺纹牙套，埋设在与第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋对应的位置。优选地，一个或多个螺纹牙套的外端面与第一基板的外表面或第二基板的外表面可为共面。优选地，一个或多个螺纹牙套的外壁面设有自攻螺纹。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括指示第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋的所在位置的标识。
根据本申请的至少一个实施例，复合板还可包括指示第一垂直肋和第二垂直肋的所在位置的标识。
 有益效果
根据本申请的复合板包括第一板、第二板、以及连接第一板和第二板在一起的至少一个连接件。因为第一板和第二板在结构上是相同的，可统一在专用工业生产线上制造，再相对设置，通过至少一个连接件结合在一起。因此可实现如下的有益效果：1. 第一板和第二板可通过专用工业生产线高精度制作，因此，可通过提高模具的精度来保证第一板和第二板的外表面精度和光洁度。2. 因为第一板和第二板可通过专用工业生产线高精度制作，所以第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋可保证良好的彼此相对，从而可在仓储和搬运过程中，吸收来各个方向的外界施加的力而避免复合板的翘曲或范性变形。3. 在复合板的使用方位上，第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋处于竖直方向上，因此大大提高了复合板在竖直方向上的承压能力。4. 第一板包括第一抗拉伸层，第二板包括第二抗拉伸层，并且第一抗拉伸层和第二抗拉伸层都是以预定的拉伸预应力设置在基板和抗压层之间，因此大大提高了复合板的抗拉强度和抗弯强度。5. 在第一板和第二板之间尽可能多地保留间隙，因此可增大复合板的局部弹性变形范围，以吸收拉应力、压应力和剪切应力而不致于对复合板造成破坏性损害；再者，第一板和第二板之间保有间隙，与实体板材相比可大大减少噪音传递和热传递，尤其是该间隙中设有隔音或隔热材料的情况下，能起到更好的隔音和隔热效果，这样的隔音和隔热性能在复合板应用于建筑物墙体时会更加显示出优越性。6. 与实体水泥板相比，根据本申请的复合板减少了水泥固化层的使用量，减小了复合板的重量，因此大大降低了材料成本、制造成本和运输成本。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例，而非对本发明的限制。
图1是示出根据本申请的复合板的透视图。
图2是示出根据本申请的复合板的截面图。
图3是示出图1所示复合板的横截面的截面图。
图4是示出图1所示复合板的横截面的截面图。
图5是示出图1所示复合板的横截面的截面图。
图6是示出根据本申请的复合板的凸起肋和垂直肋的设置方案的平面示意图。
图7是示出根据本申请的复合板的连接件的一个实施例的平面示意图。
图8是示出根据本申请的复合板的连接件的另一个实施例的平面示意图。
图9是示出根据本申请的复合板带有螺纹牙套的示意图。
图10是示出根据本申请的复合板带有螺纹牙套的示意图。
图11是示出根据本申请的复合板的螺纹牙套的示意图。
图12是示出根据本申请的复合板的螺纹牙套的示意图。
 具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。
下面，参考附图详细描述根据本申请的复合板的实施例。
图1是示出根据本申请的复合板的透视图。图2是示出根据本申请的复合板的截面图。
参见图1和2，根据本申请实施例的复合板包括第一板10、第二板20和至少一个连接件30。
如图1所示，第一板10例如可包括从上至下的第一基板11、第一抗拉伸层12和第一抗压层13。
第一基板11可由水泥固化层形成，并且可包括平面的外表面11a和与外表面11a平行设置的内表面11b。
第一抗拉伸层12可包括第一表面12a和与第一表面12a平行设置的第二表面12b。第一抗拉伸层12的第一表面12a贴合于第一基板11的内表面11b，并且在预定的拉伸预应力下设置在第一基板11的内表面11b上。
第一抗压层13可由水泥固化层形成，并且可包括第一表面13a、与第一表面13a平行设置的第二表面13b、以及在第二表面13b上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第一凸起肋13c。第一抗压层13设置为以其第一表面13a贴合于第一抗拉伸层12的第二表面12b。
因此，在保证第一抗拉伸层12的预定的拉伸预应力下，使第一基板11、第一抗拉伸层12和第一抗压层13结合在一起。
第二板20例如可包括第二基板21、第二抗拉伸层22和第二抗压层23。
第二基板21可由水泥固化层形成，并且可包括平面的外表面21a和与外表面21a平行设置的内表面21b。
第二抗拉伸层22可包括第一表面22a和与第一表面22a平行设置的第二表面22b。第二抗拉伸层22的第一表面22a贴合于第二基板21的内表面21b，并且在预定的拉伸预应力下设置在第二基板21的内表面21b。
第二抗压层23可由水泥固化层形成，并且包括第一表面23a、与第一表面23a平行设置的第二表面23b、以及在第二表面23b上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第二凸起肋23c。第二抗压层23可设置为以其第一表面23a贴合于第二抗拉伸层22的第二表面22b。
因此，在保证第二抗拉伸层22的预定的拉伸预应力下，使第二基板11、第二抗拉伸层22和第二抗压层23结合在一起。
至少一个连接件30可设置在第一板10和第二板20之间以刚性连接二者，使第一板10的第一基板11的外表面11a和第二板20的第二基板21的外表面21a之间以第一预定距离D1彼此平行。第一预定距离D1的大小可根据复合板的设计厚度确定。
第一板10的第一抗压层13的第二表面13b和第二板20的第二抗压层23的第二表面23b设置为彼此面对。
第一板10的第一抗压层13的第一凸起肋13c与第二板20的第二抗压层23的第二凸起肋23c相对设置且彼此保持第二预定距离D2。第二预定距离D2的取值范围可根据第一板10和第二板20允许的弹性变形量来确定。另外，在第一板10的第一抗压层13的第一凸起肋13c与第二板20的第二抗压层23的第二凸起肋23c之间可包括缓冲垫（未示出）。缓冲垫可包括弹性材料。
第一板10的第一抗拉层12的预定的拉伸预应力与第二板20的第二抗拉层22的预定的拉伸预应力相等。
因为第一板10与第二板20的组成相同且各特征彼此相对设置，所以在合理设计使结构对称的情况下，第一板10和第二板20可为完全相同的预制件。因此，减少了制作第一板10和第二板20的模具的设计，也简化了制作第一板10和第二板20的生产线的设计。这样，在完成第一板10和第二板20的制作后，通过连接件将二者连接起来，如上所述的复合板就制作完成了。在连接件也同为水泥固化层的情况下，第一板10、第二板20和至少一个连接件30的结合可看作仅为水泥固化层的分时间段的结合。
图3、4和5是示出图2所示复合板的横截面的截面图。
参见图3，根据本申请的一个实施例，复合板还可包括第一防水材料层14和第二防水材料层24。
第一防水材料层14可由防水材料形成，并且可包括第一表面14a和与第一表面14a相对的第二表面14b。第一防水材料层14可设置在第一抗压层13的第二表面13b和第一凸起肋13c上。
第二防水材料层24可由防水材料形成，并且可包括第一表面24a和与第一表面24a相对的第二表面24b。第二防水材料层24可设置在第二抗压层23的第二表面23b和第二凸起肋13c上。
第一防水材料层14和第二防水材料层24可包括树脂复合材料。因此，在第一板10和第二板20的制作过程中，可以防止与其相邻的水泥固化层中的水分析出，从而避免水分析出造成的对后续生产中其它特征的任何污染或材料混合。再者，因为第一防水材料层14和第二防水材料层24是树脂复合材料，所以对水泥固化层具有好的粘合作用，最终结合为一体而不剥脱。
参见图4，根据本申请的一个实施例，复合板还可包括第一面层15和第二面层25。
第一面层15可设置在第一基板11的外表面11a上，成为第一板10的最终表面层。
第二面层25可设置在第二基板21的外表面21a上，成为第二板20的最终表面层。
第一面层15和第二面层25可包括相同的材料，例如，树脂复合材料。树脂复合材料对水泥固化层具有很好的粘合作用。另外，树脂复合材料在第一板10或第二板20的制作过程中直接接触模具。因为与水泥固化层相比树脂复合材料的固体颗粒粒度更小，所以由树脂复合材料形成的第一板10或第二板20的表面层的表面质量更高。再者，通过使用脱模剂等，与水泥固化层相比，树脂复合材料更容易脱模，从而大大提高成品率。
参见图5，根据本申请的一个实施例，复合板还可包括第一网格布层16和第二网格布层26。
第一网格布层16可设置在第一抗压层13的第二表面13b和第一凸起肋13c上。
第二网格布层26可设置在第二抗压层23的第二表面23b和第二凸起肋23c上。
图6是示出根据本申请的复合板的凸起肋和垂直肋的设置方案的平面示意图。图7是示出根据本申请的复合板的连接件的一个实施例的平面示意图。图8是示出根据本申请的复合板的连接件的另一个实施例的平面示意图。
参见图6，根据本申请的一个实施例，复合板还可包括多个第一垂直肋13d和多个第二垂直肋23d。
多个第一垂直肋13d可垂直于第一凸起肋13c且均匀地设置在第一凸起肋13c的任何两个之间。
多个第二垂直肋23d可垂直于第二凸起肋23c且均匀地设置在第二凸起肋23c的任何两个之间。
多个第一凸起肋13c和多个第一垂直肋13d可在第一抗压层13上形成网格，多个第二凸起肋23c和多个第二垂直肋23d在第二抗压层23上形成网格，并且第一抗压层13上的网格与第二抗压层23上的网格彼此面对。
图6示出了多个第一凸起肋13c和多个第一垂直肋13d在第一抗压层13上或者多个第二凸起肋23c和多个第二垂直肋23d在第二抗压层23上为图中竖直和水平设置的情况。然而，根据本申请的复合板不限于此，如本领域技术人员可知，多个第一凸起肋13c和多个第一垂直肋13d在第一抗压层13上或者多个第二凸起肋23c和多个第二垂直肋23d在第二抗压层23上可在彼此垂直的情况下以任何方位设置，例如，在图5所示的方位上旋转45度角，而成为菱形网格。
参见图7，至少一个连接件30可为设置在一个方向上的边框，并且可由水泥固化层形成。另外，至少一个连接件30也可与第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c的设置相结合。也就是说，即边框可设置在第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c之间。甚至至少一个连接件30可为设置在复合板边缘上的彼此结合的第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c。
参见图8，至少一个连接件30可为设置在周边的边框，并且可由水泥固化层形成。另外，水平设置的边框也可与第一垂直肋13d和第二垂直肋23d的设置相结合。也就是说，水平设置的边框可为设置在复合板的上下边缘上的第一垂直肋13d和第二垂直肋23d。
此外，至少一个连接件30可为任何其它形式的连接件，例如，水泥钉和金属连接件等。
反过来参见图1，第一板10和第二板20之间的空隙可选择性地填充有填料70。填料70可包括轻质材料、隔音板或保温板。轻质材料可包括泡沫塑料、竹木屑、珍珠岩、泡沫混凝土之一，或者其两个或两个以上的任何组合。隔音板或保温板可根据复合板的设计要求在本领域的已知技术的基础上适当选择。再者，需要注意的是，即使没有填充填料70，第一板10和第二板20之间的空隙本身也具有较好的隔音和隔热性能。
在一个优选实施例中，第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c可包括不饱和树脂。
在一个优选实施例中，第一垂直肋13d和第二垂直肋23d可包括不饱和树脂。
在添加不饱和树脂的情况下，第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c和/或第一垂直肋13d和第二垂直肋23d将降低硬度和脆性。因此，容易埋设或拧入金属构件，例如，下面将详细描述的螺纹牙套40（参见图9）。
在一个优选实施例中，第一抗拉伸层12和第二抗拉伸层22可包括金属丝网、网格布、塑料孔板或金属孔板。金属丝网可包括钢丝网。网格布可包括玻璃纤维。金属孔板例如可为普通钢孔板、高锰钢孔板等。塑料孔板例如可为阻燃塑料孔板。本领域技术人员可根据复合板的应用用途在设计中适当选择。
在一个优选实施例中，水泥固化层包括快硬早强硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥、磷镁水泥、高铝水泥之一，或者其中任何两个或多个的组合。但本申请的实施例不限于此，而是可选用任何其它类型的水泥和水泥固化层，并且水泥固化层中可添加缓凝剂和防水剂。水泥固化层中的缓凝剂例如可包括木质素磺酸盐及其衍生物、低分子量纤维素及其衍生物、羟基羧酸（盐）、有机膦酸（盐）、硼酸（盐）、复合物等。水泥防水剂例如可包括无机化合物类和有机化合物类，无机化合物类可包括氯化铁、改性硅、锆化合物等。有机化合物类可包括脂肪酸及其盐类、有机硅表面活性剂（如甲基硅醇钠、乙基硅醇钠、聚乙基羟基硅氧烷）、石蜡、地沥青、橡胶及水溶性树脂乳液。硅酮锆可用于水泥基渗透结晶防水体系。本领域技术人员可根据设计上的实际需要而进行适当选择。
图9是示出根据本申请的复合板带有螺纹牙套的示意图。图10是示出根据本申请的复合板带有螺纹牙套的示意图。图11是示出根据本申请的复合板的螺纹牙套的示意图。图12是示出根据本申请的复合板的螺纹牙套的示意图。
水泥预制件的一个很大缺点就是入钉子难和握钉力差。为了解决这样的技术问题，根据本申请的实施例，复合板在有需要钉子（包括螺栓螺母）连接的位置，也就是前文所述的在凸起肋或垂直肋中添加了不饱和树脂。不饱和树脂是指由二元酸与二元醇缩聚而成的含不饱和二元酸或二元醇的线型高分子化合物溶解于单体（通常用苯乙烯）中而成的粘稠的液体。不饱和树脂添加到水泥固化层中可使其降低脆性，增强韧性和柔性。通过添加不饱和树脂，使水泥固化层在固化后变得能拧入自攻钉的程度，以解决复合板的入钉子难和握钉力差的问题。
如图9所示，根据本申请的一个实施例，复合板还可包括一个或多个螺纹牙套40。一个或多个螺纹牙套40可埋设在与第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c对应的位置。
复合板的一个或多个螺纹牙套40的外端面41可与第一基板11的外表面11a或第二基板21的外表面21a共面。当然，根据复合板的用途，一个或多个螺纹牙套40的外端面41可高于或低于第一基板11的外表面11a或第二基板21的外表面21a。
如图11和12所示，复合板的一个或多个螺纹牙套40的外壁面设有自攻螺纹42。在复合板的一个或多个螺纹牙套40的外壁面设有自攻螺纹42的情况下，该螺纹牙套40可埋设在复合板中，也可通过自攻螺纹42拧入复合板中。也就是说，在此情况下，螺纹牙套40在复合板中的深度是可调节的。另外，如图9所示，螺纹牙套40内的内螺纹可供螺丝钉拧入而固定任何需要固定到复合板的物体，例如，安装电视机、空调器、开关座等。
在没有螺纹牙套40的位置，因各种目的需要在复合板上固定物体，如图10所示，也可在复合板的凸起肋或垂直肋的所在位置临时打开小孔，并且用自攻钉拧入复合板中。这也得益于在这样的位置上水泥固化层中添加了适量的不饱和树脂。
如图1所示，为了直观地容易确定凸起肋或垂直肋的所在位置，复合板还可包括指示第一凸起肋13c和第二凸起肋23c的所在位置的标识50。同样，复合板还可包括指示第一垂直肋13d和第二垂直肋23d的所在位置的标识60。
根据本申请的复合板包括第一板、第二板、以及连接第一板和第二板在一起的至少一个连接件。因为第一板和第二板在结构上是相同的，可统一在专用工业生产线上制造，再相对设置，通过至少一个连接件结合在一起。因此可实现如下的有益效果：1. 第一板和第二板可通过专用工业生产线高精度制作，因此，可通过提高模具的精度来保证第一板和第二板的外表面精度和光洁度。2. 因为第一板和第二板可通过专用工业生产线高精度制作，所以第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋可保证良好的彼此相对，从而可在仓储和搬运过程中，吸收来各个方向的外界施加的力而避免复合板的翘曲或范性变形。3. 在复合板的使用方位上，第一凸起肋和第二凸起肋处于竖直方向上，因此大大提高了复合板在竖直方向上的承压能力。4. 第一板包括第一抗拉伸层，第二板包括第二抗拉伸层，并且第一抗拉伸层和第二抗拉伸层都是以预定的拉伸预应力设置在基板和抗压层之间，因此大大提高了复合板的抗拉强度和抗弯强度。5. 在第一板和第二板之间尽可能多地保留间隙，因此可增大复合板的局部弹性变形范围，以吸收拉应力、压应力和剪切应力而不致于对复合板造成破坏性损害；再者，第一板和第二板之间保有间隙，与实体板材相比可大大减少噪音传递和热传递，尤其是该间隙中设有隔音或隔热材料的情况下，能起到更好的隔音和隔热效果，这样的隔音和隔热性能在复合板应用于建筑物墙体时会更加显示出优越性。6. 与实体水泥板相比，根据本申请的复合板减少了水泥固化层的使用量，减小了复合板的重量，因此大大降低了材料成本、制造成本和运输成本。
以上仅是本发明的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种复合板，包括：
    第一板，包括：
    第一基板，由水泥固化层形成，包括平面的外表面和与所述外表面平行设置的内表面，
    第一抗拉伸层，包括第一表面和与所述第一表面平行设置的第二表面，以预定的拉伸预应力设置为以其第一表面贴合于所述第一基板的所述内表面，以及
    第一抗压层，由水泥固化层形成，包括第一表面、与所述第一表面平行设置的第二表面、以及在所述第二表面上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第一凸起肋，所述第一抗压层设置为以其第一表面贴合于所述第一抗拉伸层的所述第二表面；
    第二板，包括：
    第二基板，由水泥固化层形成，包括平面的外表面和与所述外表面平行设置的内表面，
    第二抗拉伸层，包括第一表面和与所述第一表面平行设置的第二表面，以预定的拉伸预应力设置为以其第一表面贴合于所述第二基板的所述内表面，以及
    第二抗压层，由水泥固化层形成，包括第一表面、与所述第一表面平行设置的第二表面、以及在所述第二表面上向外突出的多个彼此平行且均匀设置的第二凸起肋，所述第二抗压层设置为以其第一表面贴合于所述第二抗拉伸层的所述第二表面；以及
    至少一个连接件，设置在所述第一板和所述第二板之间以刚性连接二者，使所述第一板的所述第一基板的所述外表面和所述第二板的所述第二基板的所述外表面之间以第一预定距离D1彼此平行，
    其中所述第一板的所述第一抗压层的所述第二表面和所述第二板的所述第二抗压层的所述第二表面设置为彼此面对，
    其中所述第一板的所述第一抗压层的所述第一凸起肋与所述第二板的所述第二抗压层的所述第二凸起肋相对设置且彼此保持第二预定距离D2，并且
    其中所述第一板的所述第一抗拉层的所述预定的拉伸预应力与所述第二板的所述第二抗拉层的所述预定的拉伸预应力相等。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的复合板，其特征在于，还包括
    第一防水材料层，由防水材料形成，包括第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面，设置在所述第一抗压层的所述第二表面和所述第一凸起肋上；以及
    第二防水材料层，由防水材料形成，包括第一表面和与所述第一表面相对的第二表面，设置在所述第二抗压层的所述第二表面和所述第二凸起肋上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的复合板，还包括
    第一面层，设置在所述第一基板的所述外表面上；以及
    第二面层，设置在所述第二基板的所述外表面上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的复合板，还包括
    第一网格布层，设置在所述第一抗压层的所述第二表面和所述第一凸起肋上；以及
    第二网格布层，设置在所述第二抗压层的所述第二表面和所述第二凸起肋上。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的复合板，其中，所述防水材料包括树脂复合材料。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的复合板，其中，所述第一面层和所述第二面层包括相同的树脂复合材料。
  7. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，还包括
    多个第一垂直肋，垂直于所述第一凸起肋且均匀地设置在所述第一凸起肋的任何两个之间；以及
    多个第二垂直肋，垂直于所述第二凸起肋且均匀地设置在所述第二凸起肋的任何两个之间，
    其中所述多个第一凸起肋和所述多个第一垂直肋在所述第一抗压层上形成网格，所述多个第二凸起肋和所述多个第二垂直肋在所述第二抗压层上形成网格，并且所述第一抗压层上的网格与所述第二抗压层上的网格彼此面对。
  8. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述至少一个连接件为设置在一个方向上的边框。
  9. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述至少一个连接件为设置在周边的边框。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的复合板，其中，所述边框设置在所述第一凸起肋和所述第二凸起肋之间。
  11. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述第一板和所述第二板之间的空隙填充有填料。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的复合板，其中，所述填料包括轻质材料、隔音板或保温板。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的复合板，其中，所述轻质材料包括泡沫塑料、竹木屑、珍珠岩、泡沫混凝土之一，或者其两个或两个以上的任何组合。
  14. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述第一凸起肋和所述第二凸起肋包括不饱和树脂。
  15. 如权利要求7所述的复合板，其中，所述第一垂直肋和所述第二垂直肋包括不饱和树脂。
  16. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述第一抗拉伸层和所述第二抗拉伸层包括金属丝网、网格布、塑料孔板或金属孔板。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的复合板，其中，所述金属丝网包括钢丝网。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的复合板，其中，所述网格布包括玻璃纤维。
  19. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，其中，所述水泥固化层包括快硬早强硫铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥、磷镁水泥、高铝水泥之一，或者其中任何两个或多个的组合。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的复合板，其中，所述水泥固化层包括缓凝剂。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的复合板，其中，所述水泥固化层包括防水剂。
  22. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，还包括一个或多个螺纹牙套，埋设在与所述第一凸起肋和所述第二凸起肋对应的位置。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的复合板，其中，所述一个或多个螺纹牙套的外端面与所述第一基板的所述外表面或所述第二基板的所述外表面共面。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的复合板，其中，所述一个或多个螺纹牙套的外壁面设有自攻螺纹。
  25. 如权利要求1至4任何一项所述的复合板，还包括指示所述第一凸起肋和所述第二凸起肋的所在位置的标识。
  26. 如权利要求7所述的复合板，还包括指示所述第一垂直肋和所述第二垂直肋的所在位置的标识。
PCT/CN2020/132098 2019-12-19 2020-11-27 复合板 WO2021121009A1 (zh)

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