WO2021120043A1 - 一种安全装置、制作方法及电池 - Google Patents

一种安全装置、制作方法及电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120043A1
WO2021120043A1 PCT/CN2019/126224 CN2019126224W WO2021120043A1 WO 2021120043 A1 WO2021120043 A1 WO 2021120043A1 CN 2019126224 W CN2019126224 W CN 2019126224W WO 2021120043 A1 WO2021120043 A1 WO 2021120043A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
score line
safety device
score
closed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/126224
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
舒宽金
李开波
朱鹏翔
何巍
祝媛
吕正中
袁中直
刘金成
Original Assignee
惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 filed Critical 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
Priority to EP19956819.7A priority Critical patent/EP4080658A1/en
Priority to US17/787,157 priority patent/US20230026117A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/126224 priority patent/WO2021120043A1/zh
Publication of WO2021120043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120043A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, for example, to a safety device, a manufacturing method, and a battery.
  • Lithium batteries are usually designed with safety devices on the top cover or the casing or both.
  • the safety device is provided with a circular or oval engraved line as the main engraved line, and the matching line and rectangular engraved line are auxiliary engraved lines, which constitute a A pressure relief structure for the release of high-pressure gas inside the lithium battery.
  • the existing pressure relief structure does not specify and design the opening direction of the safety device. During the opening process of the safety device, the ruptured valve plate may cause damage to other nearby components.
  • a safety device is provided, the safety device is provided with a first score line and a second score line, the first score line and the second score line are connected to form a closed line, the first The score line and the second score line divide the safety device into an outer frame and a valve plate, and the thickness of the safety device at the second score line is greater than its thickness at the first score line, so The valve plate can be separated from the outer frame along the first score line and be connected to the outer frame at the second score line.
  • the shape of the closed line is the same as the contour shape of the safety device.
  • the closed line has a waist shape
  • the second scribe line is a straight line segment
  • the second scribe line is arranged in the middle of a straight side of the closed line.
  • the second score line is a broken line, including a main score line and two bending sections, and the two bending sections are connected with the first score line and the main score line at an angle. .
  • the valve disc is provided with a third score line, the thickness of the safety device at the third score line is greater than its thickness at the first score line, and the third score line is similar to The first score line is connected, and the third score line forms a symmetrical pattern with respect to the center of the valve plate.
  • the third scribe line includes a plurality of sub-scribe lines, the sub-scribe lines are straight segments or arcs, and both ends of the sub-scribe lines are connected to the first scribe line.
  • the third score line includes a closed score line and a plurality of connection score lines, the closed score line is located in the middle of the valve plate and is spaced from the edge of the valve plate, and the plurality of connection score lines are radial. It is arranged around the closed scribe line, one end of the plurality of connection scribe lines is connected with the closed scribe line, and the other end is connected with the first scribe line.
  • valve plate protrudes toward one side of the outer frame to form a protruding structure.
  • the protrusion structure includes first protrusions and second protrusions arranged at intervals, and auxiliary scribe lines are arranged between the first protrusions and the second protrusions, and the second protrusions Are arranged between the closed line and the auxiliary scribe line, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion are both arranged at an interval from the closed line and the auxiliary scribe line.
  • the shape and structure of the auxiliary scribe line and the closed line match.
  • the closed line and the auxiliary scribe line respectively enclose and form a closed area
  • the auxiliary scribe line is arranged inside the closed area surrounded by the closed line, or the auxiliary scribe line It is arranged outside of the enclosed area surrounded by the closed line.
  • the first protrusion and the second protrusion both protrude from the inside of the battery toward the outside of the battery.
  • the first protrusion has a first concave surface and a first convex surface
  • the second protrusion has a second concave surface and a second convex surface
  • the first concave surface and the second concave surface are both located on the Inside the battery
  • the first convex surface and the second convex surface are both located outside the battery.
  • first protrusions are integrally formed; or, the first protrusions are separately formed; or, the second protrusions are integrally formed; or, the second protrusions are separately formed Molding settings.
  • the outer frame has a first inner side surface and a first outer side surface
  • the valve plate has a second inner side surface and a second outer side surface
  • the first inner side surface and the second inner side surface are both located at On the side facing the inside of the battery
  • the first outer side surface and the second outer side surface are both located on the side facing the outside of the battery, and there is a first height between the first inner side surface and the second inner side surface Difference, there is a second height difference between the first outer side surface and the second outer side surface.
  • a method for manufacturing a safety device which includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 providing a metal sheet and a mold for stamping the metal sheet
  • Step S20 The mold punches the metal sheet from the outer side of the metal sheet toward the inner side, and forms a first protrusion and a second protrusion on the metal sheet;
  • Step S30 The die presses the metal sheet to form auxiliary score lines, a first rough score line, and a second rough score line on the outer side of the metal sheet;
  • Step S40 sizing the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line, and change the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line into a first scribe line and a second scribe line .
  • a battery which includes the safety device described in any of the above technical solutions.
  • the safety device formed a path for opening the valve plate by setting the first score line, and the thickness of the safety device at the second score line is set to be greater than its thickness at the first score line, so that the internal air pressure of the battery increases.
  • the pressure value required for rupture at the first score line is reached first, but the pressure value required for rupture at the second score line is not reached.
  • the valve plate opens along the first score line while the valve plate can still pass through the second score line. Keep connected with the outer frame, so as to achieve the directional opening of the valve plate without leaving the outer frame, and will not cause damage to other parts, and the safety is high.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a safety device provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another safety device provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of yet another safety device provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a top view of yet another safety device provided by an embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 6.
  • Auxiliary marking line 100, outer frame; 101, first inner side; 102, first outer side; 200, valve plate; 201, second inner side; 202, second outer side; 210, first convex 2101, a first concave surface; 2102, a first convex surface; 220, a second convex surface; 2201, a second concave surface; 2202, a second convex surface.
  • the security device of this embodiment is provided with a first score line 1 and a second score line 2.
  • the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 are connected to form a closed line, and the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 divide the safety device into the outer frame 100 and the valve disc 200.
  • the thickness of the safety device at the second score line 2 is greater than its thickness at the first score line 1, and the valve disc 200 can follow the first score line 1.
  • the score line 1 is separated from the outer frame 100 and remains connected to the outer frame 100 at the second score line 2.
  • the safety device of this embodiment forms the opening path of the valve disc 200 by setting the first score line 1, and the thickness of the safety device at the second score line 2 is set to be greater than its thickness at the first score line 1, so that the inside of the battery When the air pressure increases, the pressure value required for rupture at the first score line 1 is reached first, but the pressure value required for rupture at the second score line 2 is not reached.
  • the valve plate 200 opens along the first score line 1 at the same time. It can still be connected to the outer frame 100 through the second score line 2, so as to achieve the directional opening of the valve plate 200 without departing from the outer frame 100, without causing damage to other components, and high safety.
  • the length of the first scribe line 1 is greater than the length of the second scribe line 2. Since the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2 are connected to form a closed path, the second scribe line 2 is regarded as a non-breaking Part, it needs to be set to a shorter length to facilitate the smooth opening of the valve disc 200.
  • the shape of the closed line is the same as the contour shape of the safety device, thereby making full use of the limited area of the safety device.
  • the closed line is waist-shaped
  • the second score line 2 is a straight line segment
  • the second score line 2 is arranged in the middle of a straight side of the closed line.
  • the contour of the safety device of this embodiment is waist-shaped, so the closed line is also waist-shaped, and the second scribe line 2 is straight-line, which makes it less difficult to open.
  • the safety device is circular, so the closed line is also circular, and the second scribe line 2 is correspondingly configured as an arc.
  • a third score line 3 is provided on the valve disc 200, and the thickness of the safety device at the third score line 3 is greater than its thickness at the first score line 1.
  • the three score line 3 is connected to the first score line 1, and the third score line 3 forms a symmetrical pattern with respect to the center of the valve disc 200. Because the thickness of the valve plate 200 is relatively thin, the structural strength is low, especially when the area of the valve plate 200 is large, when the internal air pressure of the battery is too large and the battery is opened, the valve plate 200 itself is prone to tearing and cannot be integrated.
  • third score lines 3 By setting a number of third score lines 3, it can play a role similar to a reinforcing rib, so that the valve plate 200 is not prone to partial tearing but is opened as a whole to better play the role of pressure relief.
  • the third score line 3 forms a symmetrical pattern with respect to the center of the valve disc 200, so that the structural strength of the valve disc 200 can be increased everywhere, so that the valve disc 200 is not prone to partial cracking when the valve disc 200 is opened.
  • the thickness of the safety device at the third score line 3 is greater than its thickness at the first score line 1 to ensure that the valve disc 200 will not be broken at the third score line 3.
  • the third score line 3 includes a plurality of sub score lines 31, the sub score lines 31 are arc lines, and both ends of the sub score lines 31 are connected to the first score line 1.
  • Such a third score line 3 has a simple shape, is easy to set, and can achieve a good effect of increasing the overall strength of the valve plate 200.
  • the subscribed line 31 is a straight line.
  • the third score line 3 includes a closed score line 32 and a number of connecting score lines 33.
  • the closed score line 32 is located in the middle of the valve plate 200 and is spaced from the edge of the valve plate 200.
  • the number of connection score lines 33 is arranged radially around the closed score line 32, one end of the plurality of connection score lines 33 is connected with the closed score line 32, and the other end is connected with the first score line 1.
  • the closed score line 32 effectively improves the strength of the weaker valve disc 200 in the middle, and the radially arranged connection score line 33 greatly improves the overall structural strength of the valve disc 200.
  • the second score line 2 when the valve plate 200 is opened along the first score line 1, although the thickness at the second score line 2 is relatively large, the second score line 2 is linear and its two ends are directly connected to each other. The first score line 1 is connected, and the impact generated by blasting will still cause a certain degree of damage to the connection between the second score line 2 and the first score line 1. Therefore, the second score line 2 needs to be set longer to ensure the valve disc After the 200 is turned on, it remains connected to the outer frame 100.
  • the second score line 2 is a broken line, including a main score line 21 and two bending sections 22.
  • the bending section 22 is sandwiched between the first score line 1 and the main score line 21. The corners are connected.
  • the second scribe line 2 of this embodiment is separated from the main scribe line 21 and the first scribe line 1 by a bending section 22.
  • the bending section 22 can act as a barrier to prevent the main score line 21 from becoming a ruptured area, thus ensuring that the valve plate 200 remains connected to the outer frame 100 after being opened.
  • the bending section 22 is perpendicularly connected to the first scribe line 1 and the main scribe line 21.
  • both the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 are formed by stamping, which facilitates production and can more accurately control the thickness of the safety device at the first score line 1 level and the second score line 2 to achieve safety The normal function of the device.
  • the third score line 3 is also formed by stamping.
  • the valve plate 200 protrudes from one side of the outer frame 100 to form a protruding structure.
  • the air pressure inside the battery may fluctuate within a certain range instead of always increasing.
  • the air pressure inside the battery is constantly changing between greater and less than the external air pressure, causing the valve plate 200 to move up and down.
  • the valve disc 200 adopts a protruding safety device to provide a certain amount of cushioning, and protects weak parts that are more likely to be damaged by a certain degree of deformation, and prevents the safety device from failing.
  • the protrusion structure includes first protrusions 210 and second protrusions 220 arranged at intervals, and the auxiliary score line 4 is located between the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220.
  • the second protrusion 220 is arranged between the closed line formed by the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2 and the auxiliary scribe line 4, and the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220 are both connected to the closed line and the auxiliary scribe Line 4 interval setting.
  • the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 are concavely formed from the outside of the battery toward the inside of the battery.
  • an auxiliary score line 4 is provided on the valve plate 200.
  • the auxiliary score line 4 is recessed from the outside of the battery toward the inside of the battery. In a specific stamping process, the grooves of the auxiliary score line 4 can disperse part of the valve plate.
  • each position of the line can be evenly closed to the thickness corresponding to the safety device, ensuring that the probability of the first score line 1 being broken by the internal air pressure of the battery at each position is the same, thereby improving the consistency of the opening of the first score line 1 .
  • the arrangement of the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220, on the one hand, during the stamping process, the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220 can increase the safety device and the mold.
  • the contact area between the two is conducive to positioning the safety device and improving the stamping effect; on the other hand, the structure of the safety device is stabilized by the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220, which reduces the possibility of deformation of the safety device during the stamping process .
  • the shape and structure of the auxiliary score line 4 and the closed line match, for example, the closed line is a racetrack structure, and the auxiliary score line 4 is also a racetrack structure; the closed line has a ring structure, and the auxiliary score line 4 also has a ring structure; The closed line has a triangular structure, and the auxiliary engraved line 4 also has a triangular structure.
  • This design makes each position of the closed line correspond to the auxiliary scribe line 4, ensuring that the auxiliary scribe line 4 can disperse the stress in each position of the closed line, which is beneficial to keep the thickness of the closed line at the corresponding position of the safety device uniform .
  • the closed line and the auxiliary score line 4 are respectively enclosed to form a closed area.
  • the auxiliary score line 4 can be set inside the closed area surrounded by the closed line, or the auxiliary score line 4 can be set in the closed line. Outside of the sealed area.
  • the structural shapes of the closed line and the auxiliary score line 4 are both a runway structure (that is, the closed area formed by the auxiliary score line 4 and the closed area formed by the closed line are both a runway structure).
  • the shape and structure of the lines and the auxiliary score line 4 are both racetrack structures, so that the arc of the closed line and the auxiliary score line 4 changes smoothly, avoiding edges and corners on the closed line and the auxiliary score line 4, which is beneficial to ensure that each position of the first score line 1 is opened Consistency.
  • the structural shape of the closed line or the auxiliary score line 4 can also be set to an ellipse, circle, triangle, rectangle or other structural shapes, or the auxiliary score line 4 can also be set to a linear shape.
  • the structure (for example, a curve or a straight line), through which a non-closed area is formed on the valve disc 200, is enclosed by the linear structure, and the structural shape of the auxiliary score line 4 is not limited here.
  • the groove width of the auxiliary score line 4 is greater than the groove width of the closed line, so as to ensure that the groove of the auxiliary score line 4 has enough space to disperse the stress of the closed line at the corresponding position of the safety device.
  • the groove width of the auxiliary score line 4 may be set to be equal to or smaller than the groove width of the closed line.
  • the first protrusion 210 has a first concave surface 2101 and a first convex surface 2102
  • the second protrusion 220 has a second concave surface 2201 and a second convex surface 2202.
  • the first concave surface 2101 and the second concave surface 2201 are both located inside the battery.
  • the first convex surface 2102 and the second convex surface 2202 are both located outside the battery, so that the first groove and the second groove are respectively formed on the side of the safety device close to the inside of the battery, and the convex surfaces of the convex structure are arranged on the outside of the battery and do not occupy
  • the space inside the battery helps to increase the capacity of the battery.
  • the first protrusion 210 is provided at the middle position of the valve disc 200.
  • the first protrusion 210 is integrally formed; the second protrusion 220 is integrally formed.
  • first protrusions 210 are formed separately.
  • the first protrusions 210 include a plurality of first divided protrusions, and each of the first protrusions is distributed on the valve plate 200 at intervals to form first protrusions.
  • the second protrusions are formed separately.
  • the second protrusion 220 includes a plurality of second divided protrusions, and each of the second divided protrusions is spaced apart on the valve plate 200 to form a second protrusion. ⁇ 220 ⁇ 220.
  • the outer frame 100 has a first inner side 101 and a first outer side 102
  • the valve plate 200 has a second inner side 201 and a second outer side 202
  • the second inner side surface 201 and the second outer side surface 202 can be flat or curved.
  • a flat structure is adopted.
  • the first inner side 101 and the second inner side 201 are both located on the side facing the inside of the battery.
  • An outer side 102 and a second outer side 202 are both located on the side facing the outside of the battery, the first inner side 101 and the second inner side 201 have a first height difference H1, the first outer side 102 and the second outer side 202 There is a second height difference H2 between them.
  • a first height difference H1 is provided between the first inner side 101 and the second inner side 201, and a second height difference H2 is provided between the first outer side 102 and the second outer side 202, so that the outer frame 100 and the valve plate 200 are located On different planes, in the process of stamping the second protrusion 220 at the position between the closed line and the auxiliary score line 4, the first height difference H1 and the second height difference H2 can be used to disperse part of the stress of the safety device and reduce the outer frame The possibility of deformation of 100 and valve disc 200.
  • the thickness of the outer frame 100 and the valve plate 200 are equal, and the first height difference H1 and the second height difference H2 are equal.
  • the first height difference H1 and the second height difference H2 are both 0.5 mm.
  • the thicknesses of the outer frame 100 and the valve disc 200 are set equal, which is convenient for placing the mold and convenient for punching.
  • This embodiment also provides a manufacturing method of a safety device, which is used to manufacture the safety device of some of the above embodiments, including the following steps: step S10, providing a metal sheet and a mold for stamping the metal sheet.
  • the mold includes at least three molds, and the three molds are respectively used for stamping the convex structure, rough pressing the closed line, and fine pressing the closed line.
  • Step S20 The mold punches the metal sheet from the outside of the metal sheet toward the inside, and forms the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220 on the metal sheet;
  • Step S30 the metal sheet is stamped by the die to form the auxiliary score line 4, the first rough score line and the second rough score line on the outer side of the metal sheet;
  • the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220 are simultaneously stamped on the metal sheet through the same mold, which can save the amount of mold used and improve the efficiency of stamping the metal sheet.
  • the first protrusion 210 and the second protrusion 220 may be separately stamped and formed by two molds.
  • the convex structure (first convex 210 and the second convex 220) is formed by stamping on the metal sheet first, and the structure of the metal sheet is stabilized by the convex structure, and the first rough score line and the second rough score line are reduced.
  • the possibility of deformation of the metal sheet when the rough scribe line and the auxiliary scribe line 4 are used is the preparation work for the subsequent stamping of the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2.
  • the contact area between the mold and the metal sheet is increased through the convex structure, which facilitates the positioning of the mold and facilitates punching.
  • step S40 the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line are precision pressed, and the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line are changed into the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2.
  • the first rough score line, the second rough score line and the auxiliary score line 4 are formed by rough pressing on the metal sheet, and then the first rough score line and the second rough score line are finely pressed to form the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 ,
  • the stress of the first rough score line and the second rough score line on the corresponding positions of the metal sheet can be dispersed by the grooves of the auxiliary score line 4, so as to prevent the first score line 1 and the second score line 2 from appearing in the corresponding positions on the metal sheet
  • the unevenness of the phenomenon ensures that the thickness of the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2 at the corresponding positions on the metal sheet is uniform.
  • the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2 are stamped twice, and the first rough scribe line and the second rough scribe line are formed on the metal sheet by rough pressing the metal sheet.
  • the first rough scribe line and the second rough scribe line are used to form the first rough scribe line and the second rough scribe line on the metal sheet.
  • the coarse scribe line locates the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2, and then deepens the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line by sizing to form the first scribe line 1 and the second scribe line 2, and in the process
  • the grooves of the auxiliary score line 4 are used to disperse the stress at the corresponding positions of the first rough score line and the second rough score line on the metal sheet during the stamping process. Since the metal sheet is stamped twice with the first score line 1 and the second score line 2, its depth is gradually deepened, and the possibility of deformation of the metal sheet is further reduced.
  • the depth of the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line is equal to the depth of the auxiliary scribe line 4 (that is, the corresponding thickness of the first coarse scribe line and the second coarse scribe line on the metal sheet is equal to the auxiliary scribe line 4.
  • the corresponding thickness on the metal sheet) the depth of the first scribe line 1 is greater than the depth of the auxiliary scribe line 4.
  • step S50 is further included after step S40, annealing the metal sheet to form a forming process to eliminate residual stress on the metal sheet during the stamping process, and reduce the possibility of deformation and deformation of the safety device.
  • This embodiment also provides a battery, including the safety device of any of the above embodiments, and has a higher safety performance due to the safety device that can be opened directionally.
  • the safety device of the present disclosure can be applied to button batteries, prismatic batteries, cylindrical batteries, or other special-shaped batteries, etc. There is no restriction on the battery types applicable to the safety device.
  • a square battery is taken as an example to describe in detail the manufacturing method of this battery, which includes the following steps:
  • Step a Provide a top cover, a core, a casing, and the safety device of any of the above embodiments;
  • Step b Weld the safety device and the top cover by laser welding to realize the assembly of the safety device and the top cover;
  • Step c Assemble the winding core, the casing and the top cover to form a semi-finished battery
  • Step d Inject electrolyte into the semi-finished battery, and perform chemical conversion charging to form a battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种安全装置、制作方法及电池，安全装置上设置有第一刻线（1）和第二刻线（2），第一刻线（1）和第二刻线（2）连接形成闭合线条，第一刻线（1）和第二刻线（2）将安全装置分割为外框（100）和阀片（200），安全装置在第二刻线（2）处的厚度大于其在第一刻线（1）处的厚度，阀片（200）可沿第一刻线（1）与外框（100）分离并在第二刻线（2）处与外框（100）保持连接。

Description

一种安全装置、制作方法及电池 技术领域
本公开涉及电池制造技术领域，例如涉及一种安全装置、制作方法及电池。
背景技术
锂电池通常在顶盖或壳体或两者上均设计安全装置，安全装置上设置有圆形刻线或椭圆形刻线作为主体刻线，搭配线条、矩形刻线为辅助刻线，构成可实现锂电池内部高压气体释放的泄压结构。但现有的泄压结构未对安全装置的开启方向进行规定和设计，在安全装置开启过程中，破裂的阀片可能对附近的其他部件造成破坏。
发明内容
第一方面，提供了一种安全装置，所述安全装置上设置有第一刻线和第二刻线，所述第一刻线和所述第二刻线连接形成闭合线条，所述第一刻线和所述第二刻线将所述安全装置分割为外框和阀片，所述安全装置在所述第二刻线处的厚度大于其在所述第一刻线处的厚度，所述阀片可沿所述第一刻线与所述外框分离并在所述第二刻线处与所述外框保持连接。
一实施例中，所述闭合线条的形状与所述安全装置的轮廓形状相同。
一实施例中，所述闭合线条呈腰型，所述第二刻线为直线段，所述第二刻线设置在所述闭合线条的一条直边的中部。
一实施例中，所述第二刻线为折线，包括主刻线和两个弯折段，两个所述弯折段与所述第一刻线、所述主刻线均呈夹角连接。
一实施例中，所述阀片上设置有第三刻线，所述安全装置在所述第三刻线处的厚度大于其在所述第一刻线处的厚度，所述第三刻线与所述第一刻线连接，所述第三刻线形成关于所述阀片的中心对称的图案。
一实施例中，所述第三刻线包括若干子刻线，所述子刻线为直线段或弧线，所述子刻线的两端均与所述第一刻线连接。
一实施例中，所述第三刻线包括闭合刻线和若干连接刻线，所述闭合刻线位于所述阀片中部并与所述阀片的边缘间隔，若干所述连接刻线呈放射状环绕所述闭合刻线设置，若干所述连接刻线的一端与所述闭合刻线连接，另一端与所述第一刻线连接。
一实施例中，所述阀片向所述外框的一侧凸起形成凸起结构。
一实施例中，所述凸起结构包括间隔设置的第一凸起和第二凸起，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起之间设置有辅助刻线，所述第二凸起设置在所述闭合线条与所述辅助刻线之间，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起均与所述闭合线条和所述辅助刻线间隔设置。
一实施例中，所述辅助刻线和所述闭合线条的形状结构相匹配。
一实施例中，所述闭合线条和所述辅助刻线分别围设形成有封闭区域，所述辅助刻线设置在所述闭合线条所围设形成封闭区域的内部，或，所述辅助刻线设置在所述闭合线条所围设形成封闭区域的外部。
一实施例中，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起均由电池内部朝向所述电池外部凸起。
一实施例中，所述第一凸起具有第一凹面和第一凸面，所述第二凸起具有第二凹面和第二凸面，所述第一凹面和所述第二凹面均位于所述电池内部，所述第一凸面和所述第二凸面均位于所述电池外部。
一实施例中，所述第一凸起一体成型设置；或，所述第一凸起分体成型设置；或，所述第二凸起一体成型设置；或，所述第二凸起分体成型设置。
一实施例中，所述外框具有第一内侧面和第一外侧面，所述阀片具有第二内侧面和第二外侧面，所述第一内侧面和所述第二内侧面均位于朝向电池内部的一侧，所述第一外侧面和所述第二外侧面均位于朝向所述电池外部的一侧，所述第一内侧面与所述第二内侧面之间具有第一高度差，所述第一外侧面与所述第二外侧面之间具有第二高度差。
第二方面，提供了一种安全装置的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S10、提供金属片以及用于冲压所述金属片的模具；
步骤S20、所述模具在所述金属片的外侧朝向内侧冲压所述金属片，在所述金属片上成型第一凸起和第二凸起；
步骤S30、所述模具冲压所述金属片，在所述金属片的外侧面形成辅助刻线、第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线；
步骤S40、对所述第一粗刻线和所述第二粗刻线进行精压，将所述第一粗刻线和所述第二粗刻线变为第一刻线和第二刻线。
第三方面，提供了一种电池，包含有上述任一技术方案所述的安全装置。
本申请实施例提供的安全装置通过设置第一刻线形成阀片开启的路径，将安全装置在第二刻线处的厚度设置为大于其在第一刻线处的厚度，使得电池内部气压增大时首先达到第一刻线处破裂所需要的压力值而达不到第二刻线处破裂所需要的压力值，阀片沿第一刻线开启的同时阀片仍能通过第二刻线处与外框保持连接，从而达到阀片的定向开启且不脱离外框，不会对其他部件造成损害，安全性高。
附图说明
图1为一实施例提供的一种安全装置的立体示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图；
图3为一实施例提供的另一种安全装置的立体示意图；
图4为图3的俯视图；
图5为一实施例提供的又一种安全装置的俯视图；
图6为一实施例提供的再一种安全装置的俯视图；
图7为图6的A-A向剖视图。
图中：
1、第一刻线；2、第二刻线；21、主刻线；22、弯折段；3、第三刻线；31、子刻线；32、闭合刻线；33、连接刻线；4、辅助刻线；100、外框；101、第一内侧面；102、第一外侧面；200、阀片；201、第二内侧面；202、第二外侧面；210、第一凸起；2101、第一凹面；2102、第一凸面；220、第二凸起；2201、第二凹面；2202、第二凸面。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本文的技术方案作进一步的详细描述。
如图1、图3所示，本实施例的安全装置上设置有第一刻线1和第二刻线2，第一刻线1和第二刻线2连接形成闭合线条，第一刻线1和第二刻线2将安全装置分割为外框100和阀片200，安全装置在第二刻线2处的厚度大于其在第一刻线1处的厚度，阀片200可沿第一刻线1与外框100分离并在第二刻线2处与外框100保持连接。
本实施例的安全装置通过设置第一刻线1形成阀片200开启的路径，将安全装置在第二刻线2处的厚度设置为大于其在第一刻线1处的厚度，使得电池 内部气压增大时首先达到第一刻线1处破裂所需要的压力值而达不到第二刻线2处破裂所需要的压力值，阀片200沿第一刻线1开启的同时阀片200仍能通过第二刻线2处与外框100保持连接，从而达到阀片200的定向开启且不脱离外框100，不会对其他部件造成损害，安全性高。
一实施例中，第一刻线1的长度大于第二刻线2的长度，由于第一刻线1和第二刻线2连接形成闭合的路径，第二刻线2处作为不发生破裂的部分，需要设置为较短的长度，以便于阀片200的顺利开启。
一实施例中，闭合线条的形状与安全装置的轮廓形状相同，从而充分利用了安全装置有限的面积。
如图3和图4所示，一实施例中，闭合线条呈腰型，第二刻线2为直线段，第二刻线2设置在闭合线条的一条直边的中部。本实施例的安全装置的轮廓呈腰型，因此闭合线条也设置为腰型，第二刻线2设置为直线型，开设难度低。
在另一些实施例中，安全装置呈圆形，因此闭合线条也设置为圆形，第二刻线2对应设置为弧线。
如图1和图3所示，一实施例中，阀片200上设置有第三刻线3，安全装置在第三刻线3处的厚度大于其在第一刻线1处的厚度，第三刻线3与第一刻线1连接，第三刻线3形成关于阀片200的中心对称的图案。由于阀片200的厚度较薄，结构强度低，特别是当阀片200的面积较大时，在电池内部气压过大而导致其开启时，阀片200本身容易发生撕裂而无法以一个完整的形态开启，通过设置若干第三刻线3，可发挥类似加强筋的作用，使阀片200不容易发生局部撕裂而是作为一个整体开启，更好地发挥泄压的作用。第三刻线3形成关于阀片200的中心对称的图案可使阀片200各处均得到结构强度的增加，从而使阀片200开启时不易发生局部破裂。安全装置在第三刻线3处的厚度大于其在第 一刻线1处的厚度保证了阀片200不会在第三刻线3处破裂。
如图2所示，一实施例中，第三刻线3包括若干子刻线31，子刻线31为弧线，子刻线31的两端均与第一刻线1连接。此种第三刻线3的形状简单，容易设置且能实现阀片200良好的整体强度增加的效果。
在另一些实施中，子刻线31为直线。
如图4所示，一实施例中，第三刻线3包括闭合刻线32和若干连接刻线33，闭合刻线32位于阀片200中部并与阀片200的边缘间隔，若干连接刻线33呈放射状环绕闭合刻线32设置，若干连接刻线33的一端与闭合刻线32连接，另一端与第一刻线1连接。闭合刻线32有效提升了较为薄弱的阀片200中部的强度，搭配呈放射状布置的连接刻线33，大大提升了阀片200整体的结构强度。
在图4所示的实施例中，阀片200沿第一刻线1开启时，虽然第二刻线2处的厚度较大，但由于第二刻线2为直线型且其两端直接与第一刻线1连接，爆破产生的冲击仍会导致第二刻线2与第一刻线1的连接处发生一定程度的破坏，因此需要将第二刻线2设置地较长，保证阀片200开启后依然与外框100保持连接。
如图5所示，一实施例中，第二刻线2为折线，包括主刻线21和两个弯折段22，弯折段22与第一刻线1及主刻线21均呈夹角连接，相较于平直的第二刻线2，本实施例的第二刻线2通过弯折段22将主刻线21与第一刻线1分隔开。当第一刻线1处破裂时，弯折段22可充当屏障作用，防止主刻线21处变为破裂区域，因此保证阀片200开启后仍与外框100保持连接。
弯折段22与第一刻线1、主刻线21均垂直连接。
一实施例中，第一刻线1及第二刻线2均经冲压成型，从而方便生产并可较为准确的控制安全装置在第一刻线1级第二刻线2处的厚度以实现安全装置 的正常功能。
第三刻线3也经冲压成型。
一实施例中，阀片200向外框100的一侧凸起形成凸起结构。电池内部的气压可能会在一定范围内发生波动而不是始终处于增长的趋势，使电池内部的气压在大于外界气压和小于外界气压之间不断变化，造成阀片200发生上下起伏的运动，当阀片200为平直的薄片时，这种运动次数过多将造成第一刻线1或第二刻线2处产生疲劳裂纹甚至断裂，从而造成安全装置的失效。而阀片200采用凸起形式的安全装置能提供一定的缓冲，通过发生一定程度的形变来保护较易发生损坏的薄弱部位，防止安全装置失效。
一实施例中，如图6至图7所示，凸起结构包括间隔设置的第一凸起210和第二凸起220，辅助刻线4位于第一凸起210和第二凸起220之间，第二凸起220设置在第一刻线1和第二刻线2形成的闭合线条与辅助刻线4之间，第一凸起210和第二凸起220均与闭合线条和辅助刻线4间隔设置。
第一刻线1和第二刻线2由电池外部朝向电池内部凹设形成。本实施例中，在阀片200上设置辅助刻线4，辅助刻线4由电池外部朝向电池内部凹设而成，在具体的冲压过程中，辅助刻线4的凹槽可分散部分阀片200的应力，避免在冲压过程中第一刻线1和第二刻线2各个位置由于受力不均，而导致第一刻线1和第二刻线2在安全装置对应位置的表面出现凹凸不平的现象，通过上述的设计能够均匀闭合线条各个位置在安全装置对应的厚度，保证第一刻线1在各个位置被电池内部气压冲破的概率相同，从而提高第一刻线1开启的一致性。此外，在本实施例中，第一凸起210和第二凸起220的设置，一方面，在冲压的过程中，通过第一凸起210和第二凸起220可增加安全装置与模具之间的接触面积，有利于对安全装置定位以及提高冲压效果；另一方面，通过第一凸起210 和第二凸起220稳定安全装置的结构，降低安全装置在冲压过程中发生形变的可能性。
一实施例中，辅助刻线4和闭合线条的形状结构相匹配，例如，闭合线条呈跑道结构，辅助刻线4也呈跑道结构；闭合线条呈环形结构，辅助刻线4也呈环形结构；闭合线条呈三角形结构，辅助刻线4也呈三角形结构。此设计，使得闭合线条每一处位置均对应有辅助刻线4，保证在闭合线条在每一处位置均能被辅助刻线4分散应力，有利于保持闭合线条在安全装置对应位置的厚度均匀。
其中，闭合线条和辅助刻线4分别围设形成有封闭区域，辅助刻线4可以设置在闭合线条所围设形成封闭区域的内部，也可以将辅助刻线4设置在闭合线条所围设形成密封区域的外部。
在本实施例中，闭合线条和辅助刻线4的结构形状均为跑道结构(即辅助刻线4围设形成的封闭区域和闭合线条围设形成的封闭区域均呈跑道结构)，通过将闭合线条和辅助刻线4的形状结构均为跑道结构使得闭合线条与辅助刻线4的弧度平滑变化，避免在闭合线条和辅助刻线4上出现棱角，有利于保证第一刻线1各个位置开启的一致性。但是，在其他的实施例中，也可以将闭合线条或辅助刻线4的结构形状设置为椭圆形、圆形、三角形、矩形或者其他的结构形状，或者也可以将辅助刻线4设置为线形结构(例如曲线或者直线)，通过该线形结构将在阀片200上围设形成非封闭区域，在此并不对辅助刻线4的结构形状做限制。
一实施例中，辅助刻线4的槽宽大于闭合线条的槽宽，以保证辅助刻线4的凹槽具有足够的空间分散闭合线条在安全装置的对应位置的应力。但是，在其他的实施例中，可以设置辅助刻线4的槽宽等于或小于闭合线条的槽宽。
一实施例中，第一凸起210具有第一凹面2101和第一凸面2102，第二凸起220具有第二凹面2201和第二凸面2202，第一凹面2101和第二凹面2201均位于电池内部，第一凸面2102和第二凸面2202均位于电池外部，以使在安全装置靠近电池内部的一侧分别形成第一凹槽和第二凹槽，凸起结构的凸面均设置在电池外部不占用电池内部的空间，有利于提高电池的容量。
在本实施例中，第一凸起210设置在阀片200的中部位置。
一实施例中，第一凸起210一体成型设置；第二凸起220一体成型设置。
另一实施例中，第一凸起210分体成型设置，具体地，第一凸起210包括多个第一分体凸起，各个第一凸起分体在阀片200上间隔分布形成第一凸起210。
再一实施例中，第二凸起分体成型设置，具体地，第二凸起220包括多个第二分体凸起，各个第二分体凸起在阀片200上间隔分布形成第二凸起220。
在本实施例中，外框100具有第一内侧面101和第一外侧面102，阀片200具有第二内侧面201和第二外侧面202，第一内侧面101、第一外侧面102、第二内侧面201和第二外侧面202可为平面也可为曲面，在本实施例中均采用平面结构，第一内侧面101和第二内侧面201均位于朝向电池内部的一侧，第一外侧面102和第二外侧面202均位于朝向电池外部的一侧，第一内侧面101与第二内侧面201之间具有第一高度差H1，第一外侧面102与第二外侧面202之间具有第二高度差H2。
在第一内侧面101与第二内侧面201之间设置第一高度差H1，以及在第一外侧面102和第二外侧面202设置第二高度差H2，使得外框100和阀片200位于不同的平面上，在闭合线条与辅助刻线4之间的位置冲压第二凸起220的过程中，可利用第一高度差H1和第二高度差H2分散安全装置的部分应力，降低外框100和阀片200发生形变的可能性。
一实施例中，外框100和阀片200的厚度相等，且第一高度差H1和第二高度差H2相等。优选地，第一高度差H1和第二高度差H2均为0.5mm。将外框100和阀片200的厚度设置相等，便于放置模具，方便冲压。
本实施例还提供一种安全装置的制作方法，用于制作上述一些实施例的安全装置，包括以下步骤：步骤S10、提供金属片以及用于冲压金属片的模具。在本实施例中，模具至少包括三个，三个模具分别用于冲压凸起结构、对闭合线条进行粗压以及对闭合线条进行精压。
步骤S20、模具在金属片的外侧朝向内侧冲压金属片，在金属片上成型第一凸起210和第二凸起220；
步骤S30、模具冲压金属片，在金属片的外侧面形成辅助刻线4、第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线；
在本实施例中，通过同一个模具在金属片同步冲压第一凸起210和第二凸起220成型，可节省模具的使用量以及提高金属片冲压的效率。但是，在其他的实施例中，可将第一凸起210和第二凸起220通过两个模具分别冲压成型。在本实施例中，先在金属片上冲压形成凸起结构(第一凸起210和第二凸起220)，通过凸起结构稳定金属片的结构，降低在冲压第一粗刻线、第二粗刻线和辅助刻线4时金属片发生形变的可能性，为后续冲压第一刻线1、第二刻线2做准备工作。此外，在冲压辅助刻线4、第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线的过程中，通过凸起结构增加模具与金属片之间的接触面积，有利于对模具的定位，便于冲压。
步骤S40、对第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线进行精压，将第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线变为第一刻线1、第二刻线2。
在金属片上经过粗压形成第一粗刻线、第二粗刻线和辅助刻线4，再精压第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线形成第一刻线1和第二刻线2，可以通过辅助刻线4的凹 槽分散第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线在金属片对应位置上的应力，避免在第一刻线1和第二刻线2在金属片上对应位置出现凹凸不平的现象，保证第一刻线1和第二刻线2在金属片上对应位置厚度均匀。将第一刻线1和第二刻线2分两次冲压，先通过粗压金属片，在金属片上上形成第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线，利用第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线定位第一刻线1和第二刻线2，再通过精压加深第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线形成第一刻线1和第二刻线2，并且在此过程中利用辅助刻线4的凹槽分散在冲压过程中第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线在金属片上对应位置的应力。由于金属片是通过两次冲压第一刻线1和第二刻线2，逐渐加深其深度，进一步降低金属片发生形变的可能性。
在本实施例中，第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线的深度等于辅助刻线4的深度(即第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线在金属片上对应的厚度等于辅助刻线4在金属片上对应的厚度)，第一刻线1的深度大于辅助刻线4的深度。
一实施例中，在步骤S40之后还包括步骤S50、将金属片退火成型处理，消除在冲压过程中金属片上残余的应力，减少安全装置的形变和变形的可能性。
本实施例还提供一种电池，包括上述任一实施例的安全装置，由于具有可定向开启的安全装置，因而具有较高的安全性能。
需要注意的是，本公开的安全装置可以适用于纽扣电池、方形电池、圆柱电池，也可以适用于其它异形电池等，在此并未对安全装置所适用的电池类型做限制。
在本实施例中，以方形电池为例详细说明该种电池的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤a、提供顶盖、卷芯、壳体以及上述任一实施例的安全装置；
步骤b、通过激光焊将安全装置与顶盖焊接，实现对安全装置与顶盖的装配；
步骤c、将卷芯、壳体以及顶盖进行组装，形成半成品电池；
步骤d、在半成品电池中注入电解液，并进行化成充电，形成电池。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种安全装置，包括：所述安全装置上设置有第一刻线和第二刻线，所述第一刻线和所述第二刻线连接形成闭合线条，所述第一刻线和所述第二刻线将所述安全装置分割为外框和阀片，所述安全装置在所述第二刻线处的厚度大于其在所述第一刻线处的厚度，所述阀片可沿所述第一刻线与所述外框分离并在所述第二刻线处与所述外框保持连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中，所述闭合线条的形状与所述安全装置的轮廓形状相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的安全装置，其中，所述闭合线条呈腰型，所述第二刻线为直线段，所述第二刻线设置在所述闭合线条的一条直边的中部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中，所述第二刻线为折线，包括主刻线和两个弯折段，两个所述弯折段与所述第一刻线、所述主刻线均呈夹角连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中，所述阀片上设置有第三刻线，所述安全装置在所述第三刻线处的厚度大于其在所述第一刻线处的厚度，所述第三刻线与所述第一刻线连接，所述第三刻线形成关于所述阀片的中心对称的图案。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的安全装置，其中，所述第三刻线包括若干子刻线，所述子刻线为直线段或弧线，所述子刻线的两端均与所述第一刻线连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的安全装置，其中，所述第三刻线包括闭合刻线和若干连接刻线，所述闭合刻线位于所述阀片中部并与所述阀片的边缘间隔，若干所述连接刻线呈放射状环绕所述闭合刻线设置，若干所述连接刻线的一端与所述闭合刻线连接，另一端与所述第一刻线连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中，所述阀片向所述外框的一侧凸起形成凸起结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的安全装置，其中，所述凸起结构包括间隔设置的第一凸起和第二凸起，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起之间设置有辅助刻线，所述第二凸起设置在所述闭合线条与所述辅助刻线之间，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起均与所述闭合线条和所述辅助刻线间隔设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的安全装置，其中，所述辅助刻线和所述闭合线条 的形状结构相匹配。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的安全装置，其中，所述闭合线条和所述辅助刻线分别围设形成有封闭区域，所述辅助刻线设置在所述闭合线条所围设形成封闭区域的内部，或，所述辅助刻线设置在所述闭合线条所围设形成封闭区域的外部。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的安全装置，其中，所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起均由电池内部朝向所述电池外部凸起。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的安全装置，其中，所述第一凸起具有第一凹面和第一凸面，所述第二凸起具有第二凹面和第二凸面，所述第一凹面和所述第二凹面均位于所述电池内部，所述第一凸面和所述第二凸面均位于所述电池外部。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的安全装置，其中，所述第一凸起一体成型设置；或，所述第一凸起分体成型设置；或，所述第二凸起一体成型设置；或，所述第二凸起分体成型设置。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中，所述外框具有第一内侧面和第一外侧面，所述阀片具有第二内侧面和第二外侧面，所述第一内侧面和所述第二内侧面均位于朝向电池内部的一侧，所述第一外侧面和所述第二外侧面均位于朝向所述电池外部的一侧，所述第一内侧面与所述第二内侧面之间具有第一高度差，所述第一外侧面与所述第二外侧面之间具有第二高度差。
  16. 一种安全装置的制作方法，包括：
    步骤S10、提供金属片以及用于冲压所述金属片的模具；
    步骤S20、所述模具在所述金属片的外侧朝向内侧冲压所述金属片，在所述金属片上成型第一凸起和第二凸起；
    步骤S30、所述模具冲压所述金属片，在所述金属片的外侧面形成辅助刻线、第一粗刻线和第二粗刻线；
    步骤S40、对所述第一粗刻线和所述第二粗刻线进行精压，将所述第一粗刻线和所述第二粗刻线变为第一刻线和第二刻线。
  17. 一种电池，包括：包含有如权利要求1至15任一项所述的安全装置。
PCT/CN2019/126224 2019-12-18 2019-12-18 一种安全装置、制作方法及电池 WO2021120043A1 (zh)

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