WO2021117911A1 - ミミズコンポストの製造方法 - Google Patents
ミミズコンポストの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021117911A1 WO2021117911A1 PCT/JP2021/003325 JP2021003325W WO2021117911A1 WO 2021117911 A1 WO2021117911 A1 WO 2021117911A1 JP 2021003325 W JP2021003325 W JP 2021003325W WO 2021117911 A1 WO2021117911 A1 WO 2021117911A1
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- excrement
- soil
- treatment agent
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- mass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing vermicompost.
- Earthworms digest organic matter such as kitchen waste, dead leaves, and soil, change the essential elements phosphoric acid and potassium so that they can be easily absorbed by plants, crystallize calcium again, and synthesize vitamins. For this reason, earthworm droppings contain a large amount of iodine, which is beneficial for plant growth.
- the intestines of earthworms are rich in enzymes, and when the ingested substances are combined with the enzymes of microorganisms, nutrient-rich feces can be produced.
- various microorganisms swallowed by earthworms together with organic matter are activated when they pass through the intestines of earthworms.
- the earthworm manure contains a large amount of microorganisms that support the growth of plants, and is suitable for soil improvement.
- Known feeds to be administered to earthworms include kitchen waste and cattle excrement (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the installation of temporary toilets is widespread in evacuation areas in the event of an emergency disaster, rest areas such as mountains and beaches, and other places where they are needed. Due to the characteristic that human waste can be stored in the tank, the temporary toilet can be easily installed regardless of whether or not the sewage pipe for flowing sewage to the sewage treatment plant is laid in the soil, so it is versatile. Is expensive and very easy to use.
- non-washing temporary toilets usually have the disadvantage that they have to ask a contractor to dispose of the excrement stored in the tank, which is troublesome.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-220272 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-236513 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-289333
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize composting of excrement collected in a non-washing environment such as a temporary toilet by earthworms.
- the present inventor has conducted diligent studies in order to solve the above problems. As a result, the production of compost having a step of preparing the treated excrement by treating the excrement with an excrement treatment agent and a step of composting the treated excrement in soil containing earthworms. We have found that the above problems can be solved by providing the method, and have completed the present invention.
- X to Y indicating a range means "X or more and Y or less”.
- the operation and physical properties are measured under the conditions of room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) / relative humidity of 40 to 50% RH.
- ⁇ Manufacturing method of earthworm compost> there is a step of preparing the treated excrement by treating the excrement with an excrement treatment agent, and a step of composting the treated excrement in soil containing earthworms.
- a method for producing earthworm compost having, is provided. According to such a configuration, it is possible to realize composting of excrement collected in a non-washing environment such as a temporary toilet by earthworms.
- the total of the components constituting the excrement treatment agent (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “treatment agent”) is 100% by mass.
- the excrement treatment agent is derived from a water-absorbent polymer, limestone, limestone, baking soda, zeolite, lignin, acidic solid substance, phosphate, bentonite, limonite, metal oxide, and metal sulfide. Includes at least one selected from the group.
- the excrement treatment agent contains a water-absorbent polymer. By containing the water-absorbent polymer, the excrement treatment agent absorbs the water in the excrement, and the treated excrement is easily solidified (it tends to be jelly-like).
- water-absorbent polymer examples include, for example, a starch-based water-absorbent polymer such as a starch acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolyzate and a starch acrylic acid graft polymer, a cellulose-acrylonitrile graft polymer, and cellulose.
- a starch-based water-absorbent polymer such as a starch acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolyzate and a starch acrylic acid graft polymer, a cellulose-acrylonitrile graft polymer, and cellulose.
- -Cellulosic water-absorbent polymer such as styrene sulfonic acid graft copolymer, polysaccharide-based water-absorbent polymer, protein-based water-absorbent polymer such as collagen, polyvinyl alcohol-based water-absorbent polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked polymer, sodium polyacrylate Crosslinked product, partially sodium salt crosslinked product of acrylic acid polymer, acrylic water-absorbent polymer such as sodium acrylate-vinyl alcohol copolymer, maleic anhydride-based water-absorbent polymer, vinylpyrrolidone-based water-absorbent polymer, polyethylene glycol diacrylate Examples thereof include polyether-based water-absorbent polymers such as crosslinked polymers.
- water-absorbent polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, these water-absorbent polymers may be synthesized or commercially available products may be used. Examples of commercially available products include Aquakeep (registered trademark) SA (manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.), Aquaric (registered trademark) CA (manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd.), and Sunfresh (ST-250, ST-100). , ST-573), Aquapearl (manufactured by Sundia Polymer Co., Ltd.), Hymosab HS-960 (manufactured by Hymo Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- Aquakeep registered trademark
- SA manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.
- Aquaric CA registered by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd.
- Sunfresh ST-250, ST-100
- ST-573 Aquapearl
- Hymosab HS-960 manufactured
- the water-absorbing polymer may be carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Carboxymethyl cellulose a derivative of cellulose, is obtained by combining the carboxymethyl groups (-CH 2 -COOH) to a portion of a hydroxyl group of glucono glucopyranose monomer constituting the cellulose backbone.
- this carboxymethyl cellulose may be a carboxymethyl cellulose salt.
- Carboxymethyl cellulose is a thickener that has a high affinity for water and becomes a gel-like high-viscosity substance when mixed with water. In the present invention, by thickening the treatment agent, the effect of suppressing bad odor is enhanced, and the effect of suppressing bad odor can be further maintained.
- the average particle size of the water-absorbent polymer is 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, 80 to 850 ⁇ m, 100 to 600 ⁇ m, or 200 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the "average particle size" described in this specification can be any number of particles (or 100, 200, 300, or 1000) that are statistically reliable. Select and measure the longest particle size for each particle with a microscope, and mean the average value obtained by arithmetically averaging them. In addition, in order to obtain a desired average particle size, it may be appropriately sieved or the like. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of 106 ⁇ m or less is 20% by mass or less, or 15% by mass or less.
- the particle size of more than 106 ⁇ m and 850 ⁇ m or less is 80% by mass or more and 85% by mass or more. Further, the particle size of more than 850 ⁇ m is 10% by mass or less, or 5% by mass or less.
- the water-absorbent polymer is added to the excrement treatment agent in an amount of 1 to 100% by mass, 5 to 90% by mass, 15 to 80% by mass, 20 to 70% by mass, or 30 to 60% by mass. Included in% by mass. Such a range has the effect of solidifying the water in the feces and preventing the diffusion.
- the excrement treatment agent of one embodiment of the present invention contains lignin and bentonite.
- the excrement treatment agent of one embodiment of the present invention includes limonite, lignin, and bentonite.
- the excrement treatment agent of one embodiment of the present invention contains limonite, lignin, and bentonite, and when slaked lime is further contained, the content of the slaked lime is 12% by mass or less (or 10% by mass or less). .. With such a configuration, not only the stool odor but also the ammonia odor can be suppressed even in various environments.
- the chemical composition of limonite is the FeO (OH) ⁇ nH 2 O , which may include hematite (Fe 2 O 3) and clay minerals, the manganese (II) oxide and the like as impurities.
- limonite sulfur compounds such as mercaptan, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide, which are malodorous components in stool, and fatty acid compounds can be decomposed and adsorbed.
- limonite is contained in the excrement treatment agent in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by mass, 1 to 60% by mass, 5 to 30% by mass, or 10 to 25% by mass.
- the sulfur-based compound and the fatty acid-based compound can be efficiently decomposed, adsorbed or removed.
- the volume average particle size (D50) in measuring the particle size distribution of limonite is 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, 1 to 150 ⁇ m, 5 to 100 ⁇ m, or 10 to 50 ⁇ m. Within such a range, the desired effect of the present invention can be efficiently achieved.
- limonite it is possible to freely select from commercially available products. For example, LMB50, LMB300 (all manufactured by Nippon Limonite Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- the excrement treatment agent contains lignin.
- Lignin is a high molecular weight phenolic compound involved in the wood formation of higher plants and is also called woody element. Lignin can exert the action and effect of adsorption and decomposition of ammonia and other odorous substances.
- lignin is added to the excrement treatment agent in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by mass, 1 to 50% by mass, 3 to 48% by mass, 5 to 45% by mass, and 8 to 42% by mass. , 8-40% by mass, 9-35% by mass, 3-20% by mass, or 3-10% by mass.
- the average particle size of lignin is 1 to 500 ⁇ m, 5 to 300 ⁇ m, 10 to 100 ⁇ m, or 40 to 80 ⁇ m. Within such a range, ammonia and other odorous substances are efficiently adsorbed.
- the lignin can be freely selected from commercially available products. For example, Sun Extract, Vanillex (above, manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries, Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- the excrement treatment agent contains bentonite.
- Bentonite contains a large amount of layered aluminum phyllosilicate, and has properties such as high viscosity, adhesiveness, water absorption and adsorptivity. Bentonite adsorbs cations such as ammonia, suppresses the generation of ammonia and other odorous substances, and adsorbs them.
- the adsorption effect of bentonite cations and the complex three-dimensional network structure of lignin which has not been elucidated, cooperate to suppress the generation of ammonia and other odorous substances. , It can further exert the effect of adsorbing and decomposing.
- bentonite is added to the excrement treatment agent in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by mass, 0.5 to 50% by mass, 2 to 40% by mass, 3 to 30% by mass, and 4 to 25. It is 5 to 20% by mass, or 6 to 15% by mass. Within such a range, there is an effect of efficiently adsorbing ammonia and other odorous substances.
- the average particle size of bentonite is 0.05 to 300 ⁇ m, 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, 10 to 150 ⁇ m, 50 to 148 ⁇ m, or 80 to 145 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size (D50) of bentonite is 0.05 to 300 ⁇ m, 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, 10 to 150 ⁇ m, 50 to 148 ⁇ m, or 80 to 145 ⁇ m.
- the mode diameter of bentonite is 0.05 to 300 ⁇ m, 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, 10 to 150 ⁇ m, 50 to 148 ⁇ m, or 80 to 145 ⁇ m. Within such a range, it has a technical effect of efficiently adsorbing ammonia and other odorous substances. Bentonite can be freely selected from commercially available products.
- bentonite products examples include Kunipia-F, Kunimine F, Moist Knight S, Moist Night U (above, manufactured by Kunimine Kogyo), 250SA-B (above, Toyo Bentonite Mining Co., Ltd.), and the like. it can.
- the excrement treatment agent contains slaked lime.
- the content ratio of slaked lime in the excrement treatment agent is 15% by mass or less, 13% by mass or less, 12% by mass or less, 11% by mass or less, 9% by mass or less, 7% by mass. Hereinafter, it is 5% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is 0% by mass, but it may be 1% by mass or more, 2% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more.
- the inclusion of slaked lime has the effect of suppressing the odor of feces and killing microorganisms.
- the average particle size of slaked lime is 10 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of slaked lime is 1000 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 150 ⁇ m or less.
- it is 10 to 300 ⁇ m, 20 to 150 ⁇ m, or 50 to 100 ⁇ m. Within such a range, it has a technical effect of removing sulfur-based compounds which are malodorous substances in stool.
- the slaked lime is a plain weave wire mesh 100 mesh passing product.
- a method of preparing slaked lime a method of purchasing a commercially available product is preferable, and for example, a method of Ube Material Industries Ltd. is preferable.
- the present invention comprises 11 to 60% by mass of limonite, 5 to 38% by mass of lignin, 1 to 30% by mass of bentonite, 20% by mass or more of a water-absorbing polymer, and slaked lime.
- the content of slaked lime is 12% by mass or less, and the lignin is an excrement treatment agent that is not contained in the form of wood flour.
- the excrement treatment agent contains an acidic solid substance.
- the acidic solid substance is acetic acid, citric acid, isocitrate, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, Itaconic acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, carbonic acid, salicylic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, inosic acid, guanylic acid, glutamic acid, erythorbic acid, sorbic acid, polyglutamic acid, benzenesulfonic acid , Toluene sulfonic acid, phytic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, boric acid, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, monosodium fumarate, 5'-
- the acidic solid substance is acetic acid, citric acid, isocitrate, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, Itaconic acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, carbonic acid, salicylic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, inosic acid, guanylic acid, glutamic acid, erythorbic acid, sorbic acid, polyglutamic acid, benzenesulfonic acid , Toluene sulfonic acid, phytic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and boric acid, and sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, monosodium fumarate, 5'-sodium inosinate, 5'- Sodium guanylate, disodium
- the excrement treatment agent comprises zeolite.
- Zeolite is a general term for minerals called zeolites, and about 40 types of natural zeolite have been discovered.
- zeolite When zeolite is contained, it adsorbs the ammonia component contained in excrement (for example, manure) and is effective in deodorizing and deodorizing.
- the pores of the zeolite can take in the malodor and suppress the malodor.
- the zeolite may be natural or artificial, but from the viewpoint of availability, it is preferable that the zeolite is artificial.
- the zeolite of the present invention is preferably a zeolite called mordenite in which a very small cavity of about 5.5 to 8 ⁇ , which is slightly larger than water or nitrogen molecules, is formed in a tunnel shape.
- zeolite 2460, Zeolite 60, Zeolite CP, Zeolite (registered trademark) series and the like manufactured by Shin-Tohoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. are preferable.
- the average particle size of the zeolite is also not particularly limited, but is about 5 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm, about 8 ⁇ m to 1.2 mm, or about 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- SiO 2 silicon oxide
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- Ca O calcium oxide
- Na 2 O sodium oxide
- K 2 O potassium oxide
- Fe 2 O 3 iron oxide
- MgO manganesium oxide
- adhering water H 2 O
- bound water H 2 O
- the composition is not limited to this.
- Each component may be about 0.1 to 20%, and those prepared so that the total becomes 100% may be used.
- zeolite such as K [AlSi 2 O 6 ] may be used.
- Zeolites are in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by mass, about 1 to 30% by mass, about 2 to 20% by mass, or 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the excrement treatment agent. Within such a range, the effect of suppressing bad odor becomes higher, and it is economical in terms of cost.
- the excrement treatment agent contains baking soda.
- the average particle size of baking soda is also not particularly limited.
- the amount used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type and shape of the baking soda, the components contained in the object to be treated (for example, manure), and the like so as to exert the effect of suppressing the bad odor.
- the metal oxide contains zinc oxide.
- Zinc oxide is an oxide of zinc represented by ZnO, and has an effect of adsorbing odorous components such as ammonia and sulfide to deodorize and deodorize.
- the zinc oxide can be freely selected from commercially available products. For example, zinc oxide type I (manufactured by HakusuiTech Co., Ltd.), zinc oxide type II (manufactured by HakusuiTech Co., Ltd.), Pazet AB, Pazet AK, Pazet CK (all manufactured by HakusuiTech Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- Zinc oxide is in the range of about 0.01 to 30% by mass, 0.1 to 20% by mass, or about 0.2 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the excrement treatment agent.
- the excrement treatment agent may be granulated using water, a binder such as PVA, cellulose, water-soluble cellulose, water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, or the like. That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the excrement treatment agent is a massive excrement treatment agent. Further, the excrement treatment agent according to the embodiment of the present invention is a granular treatment agent or a lumpy excrement treatment agent using the techniques of JP2013-6137A and Re-Table 2011-162244A. It may be in the form. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the excrement treatment agent includes a lubricant.
- Lubricants are used in the production of bulk excrement treatment agents, especially to smooth the feed of the tableting machine into the mortar. Therefore, as the type of the lubricant, conventionally known ones can be appropriately selected or used in combination. For example, ester-based, silicon-based, stearic acid ester, calcium stearate, potassium stearate, calcium zinc and the like are used.
- the content of the lubricant is about 0.3 to 5% by mass, about 0.8 to 4.5% by mass, and about 0.8 to 3% by mass with respect to the total amount of the excrement treatment agent.
- the diameter of the excrement treatment agent is 3 to 100 mm, or 5 to 50 mm.
- the excrement treatment agent is prepared by a desktop manual locking machine.
- a lumpy excrement treatment agent with a table-top manual tableting machine (one pestle and one mortar)
- each component to be solidified is put into the pestle by hand with a spoon.
- the lever is manually (hydraulically) lowered and pressure is applied to solidify each component to prepare a lumpy excrement treatment agent.
- a pestle with a small diameter diameter 7 mm: upper and lower circular plate type
- the smaller the diameter the higher the pressure applied per area, so even a pestle that is difficult to solidify tends to solidify.
- the excrement treatment agent is produced by a continuous locking machine.
- the continuous type locking machine may or may not be a direct type, but it is also preferable to adopt a direct type that improves productivity in that the labor of pretreatment can be saved.
- a moisturizer it is preferable to add a moisturizer to facilitate feeding of fine powder.
- pretreatment for example, by using a roller compactor to roll by applying a large pressure to granulate fine powder and then tableting a mixture of a binder (binder), a lump is formed.
- An excrement treatment agent may be prepared.
- a lock machine (model AP18-SS, etc.) manufactured by Hata Iron Works Co., Ltd.
- the diameter of the pestle is about 13 mm
- the number of pestle stands is about 18.
- the excrement treatment agent is produced by a continuous rotary locking machine.
- the method for producing the excrement treatment agent (massive excrement treatment agent). It may be prepared by mixing the components constituting the excrement treatment agent in an arbitrary order, or may be prepared by mixing desired components including a binder while locking using a tableting machine. ..
- the treated excrement can be prepared by treating the excrement with an excrement treatment agent.
- the specific method of treatment is not particularly limited, but a method of contacting the excrement with the excrement treatment agent is preferable.
- the excrement and the excrement treatment agent are mixed so as to be uniform.
- the amount of the excrement treatment agent for excrement (for example, about 125 to about 350 g of stool and about 150 to 500 g of urine) can be appropriately adjusted as needed, but as a guide.
- the weight is 3 to 300 g, 8 to 200 g, 15 to 180 g, 20 to 150 g, 30 to 100 g, 35 to 80 g, or 40 to 60 g.
- after adding an excrement treatment agent to excrement for example, 5 minutes to 150 days, 120 minutes to 100 days, or 300 minutes to 60 minutes. It may be left standing or left for a day. By doing so, the solidification of the treated excrement is easily guaranteed, and the transportability and handleability are improved.
- the excrement treatment agent of the present invention also has an effect of suppressing the malodor of excrement for a long period of time.
- Treated excrement can be prepared as described above.
- the treated excrement is composted in soil containing earthworms.
- the treated excrement is solidified by the action of the excrement treatment agent. By solidifying, handleability and transportability are improved.
- the earthworm includes an earthworm.
- earthworms especially Eisenia fetida
- feces also contain phosphoric acid, calcium, and magnesium, which are easily absorbed by crops, which helps to create soil that is beneficial for plant growth.
- the soil for inhabiting the worms in addition to the black soil used in the examples, brown forest soil, offshore soil, yellowish brown forest soil, reddish yellow soil, young soil, etc. Immature soil, Chernozem (black soil), clay-accumulated soil, cracked clay soil, peat soil, etc.
- the pH of the soil containing earthworms and the soil in which the desired plant is cultivated are independently 5.0 to 9.0, 5.5 to 8.0, or 5 respectively. It is .8 to 7.0.
- 2.5 times the weight of water is added to 1 g of soil (per dry matter), and the pH is measured after shaking.
- 1 kg of soil contains 50 to 800 g, 100 to 600 g, or 200 to 500 g of Eisenia fetida.
- 10 kg of soil contains 500 to 8,000 g, 800 to 5,000 g, or 1,000 to 3,000 g of Eisenia fetida.
- the treated excrement is treated with earthworms and then heated.
- the heating temperature is, for example, 60 to 800 ° C., 150 to 500 ° C., or 200 to 400 ° C.
- the heating temperature of 60 ° C. corresponds to a temperature utilizing fermentation generally used in agriculture, and artificial (mechanical) heating may be performed to bring the temperature to over 60 ° C. in order to achieve the desired effect.
- the habitat area where earthworms inhabit and the excrement area where treated excrement is arranged are separated. It is preferable not to forcibly stir the habitat area where earthworms live and the excrement area where treated excrement is placed. This is because treated excrement usually contains a large amount of water (urine), so if the habitat area where the water is inhabited and the excrement area where the treated excrement is placed are mixed by stirring, the water will inhabit. This is because there is a risk that the amount of water in the habitat will increase excessively. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the composting has a habitat area in which the earthworm inhabits and an excrement area provided outside the habitat area and in which the treated excrement is arranged. And do it.
- the treated excrement is placed in a part of the soil containing earthworms.
- the soil containing earthworms is placed on the soil containing the treated excrement, or the soil containing the treated excrement is placed on the soil containing the earthworms.
- the soil containing the earthworm and the soil containing the treated excrement are separated into layers, whereby the habitat inhabited by the earthworm and the habitat outside the habitat are provided and the treated excrement is provided.
- the soil containing the treated excrement is mixed and stirred with the treated excrement and the soil.
- the treated excrement that feeds the earthworms is uniformly diffused in the soil.
- the soil containing the treated excrement mixed and agitated is placed on the soil containing the earthworm, or the soil containing the earthworm is placed on the soil containing the treated excrement mixed and agitated.
- the soil containing the earthworm and the soil containing the mixed treated excrement are separated into layers, whereby the habitat inhabited by the earthworm and the soil outside the habitat are provided, and the above-mentioned Have an excrement area where the treated excrement is placed.
- earthworms when composting, by securing a habitat for earthworms, earthworms prey on treated excrement when they are hungry and return to their habitat when they are full. Can be sent.
- the total amount of earthworms is, for example, 0.5 times or more the total amount of earthworms 30 days after the earthworms are contained in the soil. 0.6 times or more, 0.7 times or more, 0.8 times or more, 0.9 times or more, 1 time or more, 1.0 or more, 1.1 or more, 1.2 times or more, 1.5 times or more, It is an environment where the value is 2.0 times or more.
- the soil for cultivating the plant should be suitable for cultivating the plant, and at least the desired plant may grow in the soil.
- the soil containing earthworms does not contain substances that earthworms do not prey on as much as possible.
- Substances that earthworms do not prey on include, for example, kitchen waste containing seasonings (particularly high content), seasonings (particularly highly irritating seasonings), oils, and citrus fruits (particularly skins).
- a substance that earthworms do not prey on is inevitably contained, for example, it is preferably 200 g or less, 100 g or less, 50 g or less, or 30 g or less with respect to 1 kg of soil.
- a substance that the earthworm does not prey on is unavoidably contained, for example, it is preferably 25 g or less, 20 g or less, 15 g or less, or 5 g or less with respect to 100 g of the earthworm.
- the soil further comprises at least one of the black soldier fly larvae and the black soldier fly.
- 1 kg of soil contains 10 to 600 g, 50 to 500 g, or 100 to 300 g of Himemizu.
- 1 kg of soil contains 10 to 700 g, 30 to 600 g, or 50 to 500 g of black soldier fly larvae.
- vermicompost composted in soil containing earthworms may be used as it is as soil for growing plants, or may be used as fertilizer.
- fertilizer it is preferably 0.1 to 5000 mg, 1 to 1000 mg, 10 to 500 mg, or 15 to 200 mg with respect to the total amount of soil for growing plants.
- Example 1 250 g of stool and 300 g of urine for men in their 40s were added to a plastic container having a sufficient size.
- each component constituting the excrement treatment agent having the composition shown in Table 1 was treated by adding it to the excrement composed of the stool and the urine in an arbitrary order to prepare the treated excrement. ..
- the treated excrement treated by the addition of the excrement treatment agent was solidified by the action of the excrement treatment agent (particularly, the water-absorbent polymer).
- Example 2 ⁇ Examples 2, 3, 6, 7, 10> Examples 2, 3, 6, 7, and 10 were subjected to the same experiments as in Example 1 except that the composition of the treatment agent was changed as shown in Table 1.
- Examples 4 and 5 the components having the compositions shown in Table 1 were placed in a mortar of a tabletop tableting machine (manufactured by Kikusui Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and locked by applying a pressure of 40 kN to treat a massive excrement treatment agent.
- Got The pestle used was a top and bottom planographic type with a diameter of 15 mm.
- Example 1 Then, the experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment agent of Example 1 was changed to the massive excrement treatment agent of Examples 4 and 5, respectively.
- Example 8 An experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that about 200 g of Eisenia fetida was put in about 1 kg of soil and about 200 g of Eisenia fetida and 120 g of black soldier fly larvae were put in about 1 kg of soil.
- Example 9 An experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that about 200 g of Eisenia fetida was put in about 1 kg of soil and about 200 g of Eisenia fetida and about 120 g of Eisenia fetida were put in about 1 kg of soil.
- Comparative Example 1 is a blank experiment in which Eisenia fetida was not used and no excrement treatment agent was used in Example 1.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were the same as in Example 1 except that "250 g of stool and 300 g of urine" in Example 1 were changed to "300 g of water” and the composition of the treatment agent was changed as shown in Table 1. I conducted an experiment.
- earthworms (particularly Eisenia fetida) were observed to behave back and forth between the habitat area and the excrement area. From this observation result, it can be seen that earthworms use the habitat area as a habitat and the excrement area as a feeding area.
- Table 2 shows the results regarding the residue.
- the "residue” shown in Table 2 is a solid content derived from at least one of stool and a treatment agent. When it became invisible, it was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and when it was visible, it was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”.
- the “days” shown in Table 2 is the number of days required until the solid content becomes invisible when the residue is " ⁇ ”, and the number of days shown when the residue is "x” has elapsed. However, it indicates that the residue was visible. Further, when the residue is "-”, it means that the water content is large and the solid content cannot be observed like sludge.
- Comparative Example 1 is an example in which no earthworm was used and no excrement treatment agent was used (that is, an example in which it was investigated whether or not stool was decomposed only by the action of soil). It was confirmed that the solid content derived from stool and the treatment agent was not decomposed within a predetermined period by the action alone. This also indicates that good quality composting cannot be achieved because earthworms are not used. Further, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were examples in which the excrement was changed to water, but even after 12 days, there was a residue of the solid content derived from the treatment agent (that is, the solid content of the water-absorbing polymer). This suggested that Eisenia fetida did not prefer to prey on water-absorbing polymers.
- Comparative Example 4 is an example in which the treated excrement was not used. Since no excrement treatment agent is used, it is closer to the environment inside the human waste tank in the temporary toilet. When this is added to the soil containing the earthworms, the environment of the soil changes significantly, the habitat area and the excrement area cannot be distinguished, and a large amount of earthworms die, that is, composting by earthworms occurs. Indicates that it was not done.
- Eisenia fetida prefers to prey on excrement, but it also prefers to prey on excrement treatment agents that do not exist in nature (including those that are not of natural origin) if they are combined with excrement.
- the surprising thing was shown.
- Comparative Example 4 it was also shown that even if the excrement in the temporary toilet environment was simply composted in earthworm soil, the desired effect could not be obtained.
- At least one of 200 to 500 g of Eisenia fetida and 120 to 300 g of black soldier fly larvae and 100 to 250 g of black soldier fly is 1 kg to 10 kg (or 1 kg to 5 kg) of soil (Andosols). Andosol fiber mixture with pH of about 6.2) to prepare soil containing earthworms, dig a hole in the soil containing earthworms, place treated excrement in it, and excavate the soil. Within 15 days, within 14 days, within 13 days, within 12 days, within 11 days, within 10 days, within 9 days, within 8 days, or within 7 days It will not be visible within.
- the easily effective water content (pH 1.5 to 2.7, volume fraction) of the water-absorbent polymer alone is about 5320%, and when the water-absorbent polymer is added to the soil by 1% by mass, it is about 70.7%. When about 0.1% by mass is added, it becomes about 37.7%, and when about 0.01% by mass is added, it becomes about 35.2%.
- the easily effective water content of the soil can be remarkably improved only by adding a small amount of the water-absorbing polymer to the soil, but as described above, the easily effective water content of the earthworm compost in this case is about 9.5%. It is relatively low and suggests that the structure of the water-absorbent polymer was destroyed by the action of earthworms. Since the easily effective water content of the soil itself can be appropriately adjusted by adding a water-absorbing polymer separately, it may be considered to add it appropriately when cultivating a plant.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態によれば、排泄物を排泄物処理剤で処理することによって、処理済排泄物を準備する工程と、前記処理済排泄物を、ミミズを含む土壌でコンポスト化する工程と、を有する、ミミズコンポストの製造方法が提供される。かかる構成によれば、特に仮設トイレ等の非水洗の環境下で溜められた排泄物のミミズによるコンポスト化を実現することができる。
本発明の一実施形態によれば、排泄物処理剤(以下、単に「処理剤」と称する場合がある)を構成する成分の合計が、100質量%である。
<実施例1>
十分な大きさを有するプラスチック製の容器に男性40代の大便250gおよび小便300gを添加した。
実施例2、3、6、7、10は、処理剤の組成を表1に示されるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。
実施例4、5においては、表1に示される組成の成分を、卓上打錠機(株式会社菊水製作所製)の臼に入れ、40kNの圧力をかけて打錠し、塊状の排泄物処理剤を得た。なお、使用した杵は、直径15mmの上下平版型であった。
シマミミズ約200gを約1kgの土に入れたことを、シマミミズ約200gとアメリカミズアブの幼虫120gとを約1kgの土に入れたことを除いては実施例2と同様に実験を行った。
シマミミズ約200gを約1kgの土に入れたことを、シマミミズ約200gとヒメミミズ約120gとを約1kgの土に入れたことを除いては実施例2と同様に実験を行った。
比較例1は、実施例1においてシマミミズを使用せず、また排泄物処理剤も使用しなかったブランクの実験である。
比較例2、3については、実施例1における「大便250gおよび小便300g」を「水300g」に変更し、処理剤の組成を表1に示されるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。
比較例4については、実施例1において処理済排泄物を使用しなかった以外は実施例1と同様に実験を行った。
まず、実施例においては、ミミズ(特にシマミミズ)は、生息領域と、排泄物領域とを行き来する行動をすることが観察された。この観察結果から、ミミズは生息領域を棲み処として使用し、排泄物領域を餌場として使用していることが窺われる。
(1)土壌の準備
まず、以下の表3で示される土壌を準備した。
続いて、当該土壌に、実施例10の処理剤を使用してコンポスト化したコンポスト(肥料)を下記の表4に示される量(1ポット中の土壌量=約20.8kg)で散布した。なお、試験のためにミミズは全て除去しておいた。なお、当該コンポストの加圧板法による易有効水分(pH1.8~3.0、体積分率)は、約9.5%と保水性が比較的低いものとなった。かなり保水性の高い吸水性ポリマーの入った土壌の吸水性がかなり失われたということは、吸水性ポリマーがミミズによって分解(破壊)されたことを示唆する。ここで、吸水性ポリマー単体の易有効水分(pH1.5~2.7、体積分率)は、約5320%であり、当該吸水性ポリマーを土壌中に1質量%添加すると約70.7%、約0.1質量%添加すると約37.7%、約0.01質量%添加すると約35.2%となる。このように吸水性ポリマーを微量に土壌中に添加するだけで土壌の易有効水分を顕著に向上させることができるが、上述のとおり、本件のミミズコンポストの易有効水分は約9.5%と比較的低いもので、ミミズの作用により吸水性ポリマーの構造が破壊されたことを示唆する。なお土壌自体の易有効水分は別途吸水性ポリマーを添加すれば適宜調整を行うことができるので、植物を栽培する際適宜添加することを検討してもよい。
続いて、栽培方法および管理の状況は、以下のとおり実施した。
Claims (7)
- 排泄物を排泄物処理剤で処理することによって、処理済排泄物を準備する工程と、
前記処理済排泄物を、ミミズを含む土壌でコンポスト化する工程と、
を有する、ミミズコンポストの製造方法。 - 前記ミミズが、シマミミズを含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記処理済排泄物が固化されてなる、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記コンポスト化は、前記ミミズが生息する生息領域と、前記生息領域の外部に設けられ、前記処理済排泄物が配置される排泄物領域と、を有して行う、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記排泄物処理剤が、吸水性ポリマー、消石灰、石灰石、重曹、ゼオライト、リグニン、酸性固形物質、リン酸塩、ベントナイト、リモナイト、酸化金属、および硫化金属からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記排泄物処理剤が、吸水性ポリマーを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記土壌が、アメリカミズアブの幼虫およびヒメミミズの少なくとも一方をさらに含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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CA3139270A CA3139270A1 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for producing vermicompost |
CN202180003078.7A CN115151518A (zh) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | 蚯蚓堆肥的制造方法 |
JP2021557561A JP7029868B2 (ja) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | ミミズコンポストの製造方法 |
US17/610,553 US20220251001A1 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for producing vermicompost |
MYPI2021006695A MY196883A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for producing vermicompost |
KR1020217036332A KR20220110436A (ko) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | 지렁이 퇴비의 제조 방법 |
PE2021001861A PE20221115A1 (es) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Metodo de produccion de vermicomposta |
PCT/JP2021/003325 WO2021117911A1 (ja) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | ミミズコンポストの製造方法 |
MX2021013742A MX2021013742A (es) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Metodo de produccion de vermicomposta. |
EP21731369.1A EP3954672A4 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | VERMICOMPOST PRODUCTION METHOD |
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US20220251001A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
CA3139270A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
CN115151518A (zh) | 2022-10-04 |
MX2021013742A (es) | 2021-12-10 |
JP7029868B2 (ja) | 2022-03-04 |
JPWO2021117911A1 (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
PE20221115A1 (es) | 2022-07-12 |
KR20220110436A (ko) | 2022-08-08 |
EP3954672A4 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
EP3954672A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
MY196883A (en) | 2023-05-08 |
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