WO2021115102A1 - 纸张成型模具、模具制作方法及由成型模具制造的纸张 - Google Patents

纸张成型模具、模具制作方法及由成型模具制造的纸张 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021115102A1
WO2021115102A1 PCT/CN2020/130480 CN2020130480W WO2021115102A1 WO 2021115102 A1 WO2021115102 A1 WO 2021115102A1 CN 2020130480 W CN2020130480 W CN 2020130480W WO 2021115102 A1 WO2021115102 A1 WO 2021115102A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forming mold
paper forming
pattern
holes
paper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/130480
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
古光全
李政
张亚伟
邓旭
蒋晓军
张乐
王安云
周继革
郭宇
刘思君
高建
Original Assignee
成都印钞有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 成都印钞有限公司, 中国印钞造币总公司 filed Critical 成都印钞有限公司
Priority to EP20898366.8A priority Critical patent/EP4059714A1/en
Priority to US17/783,304 priority patent/US12006629B2/en
Priority to JP2022534642A priority patent/JP2023505346A/ja
Publication of WO2021115102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021115102A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/14—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing
    • B41C1/141—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing by cutting or perforation with mechanical means; Electrical spark cutting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/14—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing
    • B41C1/145—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing by perforation using an energetic radiation beam, e.g. a laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/14—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing
    • B41C1/147—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing by imagewise deposition of a liquid, e.g. from an ink jet; Chemical perforation by the hardening or solubilizing of the ink impervious coating or sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F11/00—Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination
    • B41F11/02—Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination for securities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00—Screen printers
    • B41F15/14—Details
    • B41F15/34—Screens, Frames; Holders therefor
    • B41F15/38—Screens, Frames; Holders therefor curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/333—Watermarks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F9/04—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the cylinder type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/02—Patterned paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting printing, in particular, to a paper forming mold, a method for manufacturing the forming mold, and paper.
  • the existing paper forming process is mainly to design the watermark artwork first, then carry out the watermark plate engraving and the production of the multi-layer watermark copper mesh, and finally the watermark copper mesh is applied to the retractable skeleton to obtain the watermark mesh used for watermark paper copying. cage.
  • the manufacturing process of the existing paper forming mold has the following defects:
  • Copper mesh is the key raw material for mesh making. Different batches of copper meshes are inconsistent in the tension and shrinkage of the warp and weft during the weaving process, which will cause the copper mesh to shrink inconsistently during the pressing process; at the same time, the copper mesh is being made. Rewinding and pulling back and forth in the web process often cause positioning and size problems such as watermark radian and diagonal exceeding standard.
  • the consistency of the watermark cannot be guaranteed, and the online detection is difficult.
  • a surface screen and a backing screen contain hundreds of watermarks, and all hundreds of watermarks are suppressed by one watermark plate.
  • the watermark plate will produce a certain amount of wear and tear. It may have a corresponding degree of influence on the consistency of the watermark; in addition, the arrangement of the copper wires of the surface mesh in the watermark pressing area is different, and the degree of extrusion of the copper wires is different. The above factors cannot guarantee the consistency of the watermark, and also bring great difficulty to the online detection of the surface watermark.
  • the service life of the net cage is short.
  • the surface mesh of the net cage is made of copper material, which has poor wear resistance.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a paper forming mold to improve the reproducibility of the corresponding design drawings of the pattern characters, ensure the consistency of the watermark presentation effect in the paper-making paper, and realize the drawing Fine and ultra-micronization of the details of the pattern characters.
  • the paper forming mold provided by the present invention includes the following specific implementation modes under the same technical concept:
  • the first type a paper forming mold, including a roller; the cylinder wall of the cylinder is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes, and the cylinder wall of the cylinder is also engraved with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line window zebra grids, One or more pattern characters in the markers of the paper width.
  • micro holes and pattern characters are set on the roller at the same time.
  • the second type a paper forming mold, including a roller and a pattern character block; the cylinder wall of the roller is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes and a penetrating hollow part, and the pattern character block is detachably installed The hollow part of the cylinder; the patterned character block is engraved with one or more patterned characters among ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line fenestration zebras, and paper width markers.
  • the roller is provided with micro holes
  • the pattern character block is provided with pattern characters
  • the roller and the pattern character block are detachably connected, which facilitates the independent replacement of the pattern character block.
  • the common technical idea of the paper forming molds of the above two structures is: replacing the watermark net cage formed by weaving metal wires with a roller that processes a number of micro-holes, and processing anti-counterfeiting elements such as patterns and characters in the paper making process.
  • the cylinder and the watermark cage are both thin-walled cylindrical structures.
  • the cylinder wall of the cylinder is a dense thin plate structure.
  • the cage of the watermark cage is a mesh structure formed by metal filaments horizontally and vertically, crossed and embossed.
  • the roller has higher strength, better surface flatness and circularity.
  • processing patterned characters on a cylinder or watermark cage with the same wall thickness can produce a larger line depth and a smaller distance between adjacent lines on the cylinder. The larger the difference between the depth of the lines, the more three-dimensional imaging, the narrower the lines and the smaller the distance between adjacent lines, the finer the imaging.
  • the pore size and porosity of several micropores on a drum can be adjusted so that they are not completely the same. Compared with the watermark net cage with the same size and shape of each gap, it can pass through while ensuring its water filtering function. Adjust the water filter rate to increase the bright contrast of the watermark.
  • the drum filters water by arranging a number of micro-holes penetrating the wall of the cylinder, and the watermark net cage filters water through the gaps between the metal filaments.
  • the cylinder wall at the edge of the micro-holes is opposed to each other.
  • the nodes where the metal filaments cross are high-strength and wear-resistant. Therefore, the use of the roller structure can greatly extend the operating life of the forming mold during the papermaking process.
  • the normal watermark, white watermark, security line windowed zebra pattern, paper width markers and other graphic characters on the cylinder are formed by engraving, eliminating the need to use watermark cages to process graphic characters.
  • Intermediate process links such as pressing and laminating avoid the loss of details of the pattern characters, thereby improving the reducibility of the corresponding design drawings, and ensuring its consistency and the firmness of the white watermark and the paper width markers in the papermaking process. .
  • the watermark area used to process the ordinary watermark has a transition area and is provided with micropores or voids with water filtering function; and the visual effect of the ordinary watermark after processing has a gray scale and a sense of hierarchy.
  • the watermark area used to process the ordinary watermark is directly compressed.
  • the watermark area used for processing the white watermark has no transition area, and no micropores or voids with water filtering function are provided; and the visual effect of the processed white watermark is also not hierarchical.
  • the watermark area used to process the white watermark is formed by attaching a separately processed metal film to the watermark cage.
  • reinforcing ribs are usually arranged in the drum.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a paper forming mold.
  • the drum is first made, and then the paper forming mold is designed according to the characteristics of the pattern characters and the water filterability requirements, and finally the micro holes and pattern characters are processed on the cylinder wall of the drum according to the design; among them, The order of processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters is not restricted.
  • a manufacturing method is also provided: first processing micro-holes and patterned characters on a flat plate, and then curling the flat plate to form a cylindrical shape; among them, processing the micro-holes and processing the patterned characters
  • the order is not restricted.
  • a manufacturing method is also provided: first make the roller, then design the paper forming mold according to the characteristics of the pattern characters and the water filterability requirements, and then process the microstructure on the cylinder wall of the roller according to the design. Holes and hollow parts are processed separately, and the pattern character blocks with pattern characters are processed separately, and finally the processed pattern character blocks are embedded in the hollow part of the drum; among them, the order of processing the micro holes and the pattern characters is not restricted.
  • the order of processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters is not limited, that is, any of the following methods can be used:
  • Method 1 Process the micro-holes first, and then process the pattern characters
  • Method 2 Process the pattern characters first, and then process the micro-holes
  • Method 3 Processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters are carried out at the same time, and they are independent and do not cross;
  • Method 4 Machining micro-holes and processing patterns and characters can be crossed at the same time.
  • the present invention has developed a paper forming mold and its manufacturing method. First, design the artwork of the ordinary watermark three-dimensional model, and then engrave a large number of ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security lines, windowed zebra grids, and paper widths on the cylinder and/or pattern character blocks. Different markings and other pattern characters, and make micro-holes on the roller; the order of pattern character engraving and micro-hole making can be exchanged back and forth, or at the same time.
  • micropores are designed according to the characteristics of the watermark pattern characters. The porosity of the micropores in different areas and the aperture of a single micropore are different.
  • the present invention is mainly to reduce the revision, common watermark pressing, white watermark, high-brightness common watermark production and lamination, security line windowing zebra grid pressing, and multi-layer mesh production in the production process of existing paper forming molds.
  • Develop a set of paper forming mold production process technology directly engraving ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line window zebra grids and micro-hole production on the drum, so as to obtain the paper forming mold, that is, the drum is equivalent to the watermark net used in current production
  • the cage can be directly assembled in the paper machine's net slot to make paper.
  • the paper forming mold of the present invention is used for copy-making, which has high reducibility of the watermark three-dimensional model draft; the engraved watermark has good consistency, which can realize the online quality inspection of the watermark on the paper forming mold; according to the special design, it can be Make the lines and other details have continuity; the details of the watermark in the paper are obvious, which can achieve the effect of micro, ultra-high-definition; the entire production process is highly automated; the paper forming mold has a long service life.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the micro-holes on the paper forming mold are highly adjustable.
  • the diameter and distribution density of the micropores on the cylinder can be arbitrarily designed and adjusted according to the characteristics of common watermarks and other graphic characters and water filter requirements, so that the corresponding parts such as the watermark lines have better continuity and integrity, and the watermark can be realized. Higher brightness contrast.
  • the patented technology can directly engrave the ultra-fine watermark lines and the richness and high definition of the watermark details, and the edge contour of the watermark is clearer, ensuring that the watermark has a more three-dimensional effect.
  • the service life of the paper forming mold is long. Materials with high strength, good wear resistance and strong corrosion resistance can be used to greatly extend the operating life of the paper forming mold in the papermaking process.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial schematic diagram of different paper forming tools with examples of Fig. 1; among them, the left picture is the paper forming mold of the present invention, and the right picture is the watermark net cage of the prior art;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the broken wire of different paper forming tools in Fig. 1; wherein, the left picture is the paper forming mold of the present invention, and the right picture is the watermark net cage of the prior art;
  • Figure 3 is an example of a common watermark effect diagram of Figure 1 made by using different paper forming tools;
  • the left image is an example of a common watermark effect diagram of Figure 1 made by using the paper forming mold of the present invention, and the right image is a watermark using the prior art The normal watermark effect picture of the example picture 1 made by the net cage;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a watermark cage formed by weaving in the prior art.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the warp and weft nodes of the watermark cage.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller with micro-holes processed in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, wherein the pattern character block is a rectangular block.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, wherein the pattern character block is a wedge-shaped block.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, in which the hollow part of the roller does not penetrate the wall of the roller.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, wherein the top surface of the pattern character block is higher than the outer wall surface of the roller.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, wherein the top surface of the pattern character block is lower than the outer wall surface of the roller.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, in which the pattern character block is connected to the roller by a screw rod.
  • Fig. 13 is a partial enlarged view of the connecting position of the roller and the pattern character block in Fig. 12.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a screw rod with two filter hole flow channel designs.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, in which the pattern character block is pressed into the hollow part of the roller by a spring installed on the reinforcing rib.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller and the pattern character block in the split paper forming mold, wherein the pattern character block is a wedge-shaped block and the wedge-shaped block is embedded in the hollow part from the inside of the roller.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a paper forming mold with a cylindrical hole in the micro-hole.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a paper forming mold with corrugated holes.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a paper forming mold with a gradient hole in micropores.
  • roller 1. Roller; 2. Graphic character block; 3. Screw rod; 4. Reinforcing rib; 5. Spring.
  • This embodiment provides a paper forming mold, which includes a drum 1; the wall of the drum 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes, and the wall of the drum 1 is also engraved with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and security lines.
  • a paper forming mold which includes a drum 1; the wall of the drum 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes, and the wall of the drum 1 is also engraved with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and security lines.
  • One or more pattern characters in window zebra grids and paper-based markers are examples of the wall of the drum 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes, and the wall of the drum 1 is also engraved with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and security lines.
  • the main innovation of the paper forming mold provided in this embodiment is that the paper forming mold is a non-woven thin-walled roller 1, and the roller 1 has both micro-holes and recessed portions with patterns and characters of different depths.
  • the micro-holes and pattern characters are formed based on the processing of the thin plate body, rather than independent parts. Moreover, the height of the micro-holes and pattern characters does not exceed the surface of the drum 1, and the surface of the drum 1 has no protrusions.
  • the normal watermark and the white watermark described in this embodiment are both watermarks, but the two are not the same, and the differences are as follows.
  • the watermark area on the mold used to process the ordinary watermark has a transition area, and is provided with voids such as micropores with water filtering function; and the visual effect of the ordinary watermark after processing is gray and layered.
  • the watermark area used to process the ordinary watermark is directly compressed.
  • the watermark area used to process the white watermark on the mold has no transition area, and no gaps such as micropores with water filtering function are set; and the visual effect of the processed white watermark is not hierarchical.
  • the watermark area used to process the white watermark is formed by welding a separately processed metal diaphragm on the watermark cage.
  • the micro-holes are perforations penetrating the wall of the drum 1, the entrance of the micro-holes is located on the outer wall of the drum 1, and the exit of the micro-holes is located on the inner wall of the drum 1.
  • the inlet of the micropore communicates with the outlet of the micropore to form a through channel for draining the fiber suspension.
  • the cross-section of the microporous channel can be circular, elliptical, polygonal, crescent-shaped, etc.
  • the shape of different cross-sections can be the same or different, and the ratio of different cross-sections can be the same or different.
  • the microporous channel when the cross section of the microporous channel is circular, can be a cylindrical space, that is, the micropore is a cylindrical hole, as shown in Figure 17; it can be a conical or frustum-shaped space, That is, the micro-hole is a tapered hole; it can be a corrugated space in the axial section, that is, the micro-hole is a corrugated hole, as shown in Figure 18; it can also be a space with a gradient in the axial cross-section that has different widths from top to bottom, namely The micropores are gradient pores, as shown in Figure 19.
  • the micro holes on a drum can be any one or a combination of cylindrical holes, conical holes, corrugated holes, and gradient holes.
  • all the micro holes on a drum 1 are cylindrical holes; or all the micro holes on a drum 1 are conical holes; or part of the micro holes on a drum 1 are cylindrical holes, some are corrugated holes, and some are gradient holes.
  • all micro-holes on a drum 1 adopt a circular cross-section and an equal-diameter perforation structure, that is, the channels of the micro-holes are cylindrical. shape.
  • the pore diameters of the several micropores at the same height are all equal or not all equal.
  • the pore diameters of several micropores are equal or not all equal.
  • the micro holes on one roller 1 are all cylindrical holes with the same diameter.
  • the micro-holes are cylindrical holes. Compared with the structure of conical holes, the advantage is that the diameters are consistent with respect to the outer wall surface or inner wall surface of the drum 1, which is beneficial to calculate the porosity and control the gray level of the watermark.
  • the porosities of the micropores in different regions are not all equal.
  • the solution that the apertures of the micropores are not all equal and the density is not all equal is used to meet the needs of the watermark gray scale change, that is, the porosity of the micropores is used to meet the needs of the watermark gray scale change: the bright part of the watermark, the micropore The porosity of the watermark is small; the dark part of the watermark has a large porosity of the micropores.
  • the light part of the watermark has a small micropore density and the micropores are scattered; the dark part of the watermark has a high micropore density and the micropores are compact.
  • the porosity of the micropores and the height of the engraved lines of the pattern characters can also be combined to affect the gray level of the watermark.
  • the left picture is a partial picture of the watermark pattern of example picture 1 engraved on the cylinder wall of the drum 1 in this embodiment
  • the right picture is the watermark of example picture 1 pressed on the watermark cage of the prior art. Partial view of the pattern.
  • the watermark pattern on the left has a larger line depth difference, which makes the pattern more three-dimensional, and has more lines and finer patterns.
  • the left picture shows the wire breakage of the paper forming mold in this embodiment
  • the right picture shows the wire breakage of the watermark cage in the prior art. It can be seen that the interrupted wire is very obvious in the right picture, and the interrupted wire is very few in the left picture.
  • the left picture is a watermark effect diagram processed by using the paper forming mold described in this embodiment
  • the right picture is a watermark effect diagram processed by using a watermark cage in the prior art.
  • the watermark in the left picture is clearer, the image presented is more three-dimensional, and the details are more refined.
  • the warp and weft nodes of the watermark cage in the prior art are formed by weaving two metal wires one on top of the other. Therefore, when the watermark pattern is pressed on the watermark cage, it is affected by its structure, strength, etc. The influence of factors is that the depth of the watermark line is limited, and the wire is easily broken during the suppression process.
  • the paper forming mold disclosed in this embodiment is highly reducible to the original watermark artwork, and improves the consistency, clarity, three-dimensionality, fineness and richness of details of the watermark in the paper, thereby Enhance the anti-counterfeiting function of the watermark paper; extend the service life of the paper forming mold; improve the automation level of mold making, greatly reducing the labor intensity of labor.
  • the channels of the micropores are arranged obliquely. It is convenient to drain water during paper making process.
  • micro-holes are processed by any one of laser, electric spark, and electron beam
  • pattern characters are processed by a laser engraving machine or a mechanical engraving machine.
  • processing of micro-holes and pattern characters is not limited to the above-mentioned processing methods.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic diagram of the drum 1 after processing the micro-holes.
  • the drum 1 is made of copper or nickel or alloy or hydrophobic plastic.
  • the hydrophobic plastic can be polytetrafluoroethylene or polyoxymethylene or polyurethane or polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
  • the watermark area covered by the sample image is distributed with micropores, and the distribution positions of the two overlap at this time.
  • the micro-holes are only distributed on the cylinder wall around the safety line fenestration zebra grid.
  • a reinforcing rib 4 is also provided in the drum 1.
  • the content of the ordinary watermark, white watermark, or paper-based marker is any one element or a combination of multiple elements among patterns, letters, numbers, symbols, and characters.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for making the above-mentioned paper forming mold, which mainly includes the making of the roller 1, the design of the watermark three-dimensional model, the engraving, and the punching.
  • the specific method of making is: first making the roller 1, and then according to the pattern characters Characteristics and filterability requirements Carry out the design of the paper forming mold, and finally process the micro-holes and pattern characters on the cylinder wall of the drum 1 according to the design.
  • the order of processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters is not limited, that is, any of the following methods can be used:
  • Method 1 Process the micro-holes first, and then process the pattern characters
  • Method 2 Process the pattern characters first, and then process the micro-holes
  • Method 3 Processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters are carried out at the same time, and they are independent and do not cross;
  • Method 4 Machining micro-holes and processing patterns and characters can be crossed at the same time.
  • the paper forming mold is made to directly engrave patterns and/or characters such as ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and zebras with security lines on the roller 1 after the micro-holes are made, or engrave on the non-porous roller 1 first Patterns and/or characters, such as ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and zebras with security lines, are used to make micro-holes on the drum 1 using laser or other technologies.
  • the pore size of a single micropore, the porosity of the micropores in different areas, and the lines of the pattern characters are designed according to the characteristics of the pattern characters and the water filterability requirements.
  • the paper forming mold described in this embodiment is compared with the watermark net cage of the prior art.
  • the original watermark design draft is highly reducible .
  • this embodiment adopts a structure in which the cylinder 1 is separated from the modules with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line windowing zebra grids, and paper width markers.
  • the paper forming mold provided in this embodiment includes a roller 1 and a pattern character block 2; the cylinder wall of the roller 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes and penetrating hollow parts, and the pattern character block 2 can be It is detachably installed on the hollow part of the drum 1; the pattern character block 2 is engraved with one or more pattern characters among ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line windowing zebras, and paper width markers .
  • the pore diameters of the several micropores at the same height are all equal or not all equal.
  • the porosities of the micropores in different regions are not all equal.
  • the main innovation of the paper forming mold provided in this embodiment is that the paper forming mold is composed of a non-woven thin-walled structure roller 1 and a pattern character block 2.
  • the roller 1 has micro holes and is used for installation drawings.
  • the hollow part of the pattern character block 2 is processed with concave-convex pattern characters of different depths.
  • micropores are any one or a combination of cylindrical holes, corrugated holes, and gradient holes.
  • the channels of the micropores are arranged obliquely.
  • a reinforcing rib 4 is also provided in the drum 1.
  • the drum 1 is made of copper or nickel or alloy or hydrophobic plastic.
  • the hydrophobic plastic can be selected from polytetrafluoroethylene or polyoxymethylene or polyurethane or polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
  • the content of the ordinary watermark, white watermark, or paper-based marker is any one of patterns, letters, numbers, symbols, and words or a combination of multiple elements.
  • This embodiment also provides a manufacturing method for making the above-mentioned paper forming mold, which mainly includes the manufacturing of the drum 1, the design of the ordinary watermark three-dimensional model, the engraving, and the punching.
  • the specific manufacturing method is as follows: Character characteristics and filterability requirements Carry out the design of the paper forming mold, and then process the micro-holes and hollow parts on the cylinder wall of the drum 1 according to the design, and separately process the pattern character block 2 with pattern characters, and finally the processed picture
  • the pattern character block 2 is inlaid in the hollow part of the drum 1; among them, the order of processing the micro-holes and processing the pattern characters is not limited.
  • the order of processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters is not limited, that is, any of the following methods can be used:
  • Method 1 Process the micro-holes first, and then process the pattern characters
  • Method 2 Process the pattern characters first, and then process the micro-holes
  • Method 3 Processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters are carried out at the same time, and they are independent and do not cross;
  • Method 4 Machining micro-holes and processing patterns and characters can be crossed at the same time.
  • connection mode of the pattern character block 2 and the drum 1 is optimized.
  • the first type as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 shown in the split paper forming mold of a connection structure diagram of the roller 1 and the pattern character block 2 in which the pattern character block 2 and The roller 1 is welded or glued or embedded connected only through an interference fit. Welding is usually used for welding.
  • the hollow part on the drum 1 penetrates the wall of the drum 1; among them, Figure 7 and Figure 8 example, the pattern character block 2 It is basically the same thickness as the drum 1, and the top surface of the pattern character block 2 is basically the same height as the outer wall surface of the drum 1. As shown in Fig. 10, the top surface of the pattern character block 2 is significantly higher than the outer wall of the drum 1; the example in Fig. 11, the pattern The top surface of the character block 2 is obviously lower than the outer wall surface of the drum 1.
  • the hollow part on the drum 1 does not penetrate the wall of the drum 1
  • the pattern character block 2 is embedded in the hollow part of the drum 1
  • the top surface of the pattern character block 2 It is basically the same height as the outer wall of the drum 1.
  • the top surface of the pattern character block 2 can also be slightly higher or slightly lower than the outer wall surface of the drum 1.
  • the second type is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller 1 and the pattern character block 2 in the split paper forming mold shown in FIG. 12, where the pattern character block 2 and the roller 1 have a partial structure overlap, and the pattern is now
  • the character block 2 is welded or bonded to the drum 1 or connected by a screw rod 3.
  • the pattern character block 2 and the drum 1 are connected by a screw rod 3 into a single body.
  • the screw rod 3 is provided with a water filter hole, and the water passage structure of the water filter hole has two kinds of "
  • the left picture of Figure 14 is a straight line passing through the center of the screw rod 3.
  • the filter hole structure, the right picture of Figure 14 is an L-shaped filter hole structure that does not penetrate the center of the screw 3.
  • the third type as shown in Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the roller 1 and the pattern character block 2 in the split paper forming mold, in which the pattern character block 2 is pressed into the roller 1 through the spring 5 installed on the reinforcing rib 4 Hollow part.
  • the structure of the pattern character block 2 is optimized.
  • the patterned character block 2 is a rectangular block with equal lengths at the upper and lower ends; or, as shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 15, and FIG. 16, the patterned character block 2 is of unequal lengths at the upper and lower ends.
  • wedge blocks are examples of wedge blocks.
  • the paper forming mold of the first structure includes a drum 1; the wall of the drum 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro-holes, and the wall of the drum 1 is also engraved with ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, and security line window zebras. One or more pattern characters in grids and paper markers.
  • the paper forming mold of the second structure includes a roller 1 and a pattern character block 2; the cylinder wall of the drum 1 is provided with a number of penetrating micro holes and a penetrating hollow part, and the pattern character block 2 is detachable Is installed in the hollow part of the drum 1; the patterned character block 2 is engraved with one or more patterned characters among ordinary watermarks, white watermarks, security line fenestration zebras, and paper width markers.
  • the pore diameters of several micropores at the same height are all equal or not all equal; the porosities of the micropores in different regions are not all equal.
  • a manufacturing method is also provided. First, the micro-holes and pattern characters are processed on the flat plate, and then the flat plate is crimped to form a cylindrical shape; Among them, the order of processing micro-holes and processing pattern characters is not restricted.
  • this embodiment provides a paper processed by the paper forming mold disclosed in the embodiments 1-5.
  • the paper is a kind of security paper used for anti-counterfeiting printing.

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Abstract

一种纸张成型模具，包括滚筒（1）；所述滚筒（1）的筒壁上设置若干贯穿的微孔，且所述滚筒（1）的筒壁上还雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。该纸张成型模具对原始水印设计图稿的高度还原性，提升水印在纸张中的一致性、清晰度、立体感、细节的精微化及其丰富性，从而增强水印纸张的防伪功能；延长纸张成型模具的使用寿命；提高纸张成型模具制作的自动化水平，大大减轻人工的劳动强度。

Description

纸张成型模具、模具制作方法及由成型模具制造的纸张 技术领域
本发明涉及防伪印刷技术领域，具体的说，是一种纸张成型模具、成型模具制作方法及纸张。
背景技术
现有纸张成型制作工艺主要是先进行水印图稿设计，然后进行水印版雕刻和多层水印铜网制作，最后将水印铜网套合在可伸缩的骨架上，得到水印纸张抄造所用的水印网笼。
现有纸张成型模具的制作工艺存在如下缺陷：
(1)水印图稿的还原性在修版时有所损失。水印版雕刻过程中，水印版修版人员须根据水印试压后铜丝断裂情况，对水印版的相应区域、部位进行不同程度地修整，修整后的水印版与原设计图稿便存在一定差异，即降低了水印图稿的还原性。
(2)水印图稿的还原性在水印压制时会进一步损失。水印版在铜质面网上压制水印过程中，由于铜网具有一定的弹性，在油压机的压力脱开水印版之后，压制后的水印会存在不同程度地回弹，造成水印图案对水印图稿还原性的二次损失。
(3)上下版套压，无法做到水印的精细化和微型化。针对精细、微型、锐利图纹及线条时，压制水印时容易产生铜网断丝，甚至出现孔洞，造成图纹、线条存在较大的不连续，在纸张抄造过程中容易产生露浆、挂浆现象及影响水印的完整性。现有水印压制工艺无法解决水印精细化、微型化与铜网断丝这对矛盾体。
(4)水印(包括普通水印和白水印)、开窗斑马格、幅别标记物等定位精度波动较大。铜网作为制网的关键原材料，不同批次的铜网在织网过程中因经纬线的拉紧张力、缩径不一致，会造成铜网在压网过程中的收缩不一致；同时铜网在制网过程中来回卷取、拉动常常造成水印弧度、对角线超标等定位尺寸问题。
(5)制作的新网笼在纸机上运行存在一定时间的磨合期，一般为2天或3天。在此过程中，容易出现网笼质量问题，常常需要停机进行人工处理，造成开停纸机次数较多，影响纸机的生产效率和抄造量，增加了纸机工序的运行成本。
(6)网笼在运行过程中，由于网笼骨架的因素，会影响网笼表面的平整性、圆周度等质量指标。
(7)不能保证水印的一致性，在线检测难度大。一张面网和衬网包含数百个水印，而且由一付水印版来完成全部数百个水印的压制，在压制过程中，随着压制数量的增加，水印版会产生一定量的磨损，可能给水印的一致性带来相应程度的影响；另外，水印压制区 域的面网铜丝的排列位置不同，其铜丝的挤压程度有所区别。上述因素不能保证水印的一致性，也给面网水印的在线检测带来很大难度。
(8)网笼的使用寿命短。网笼面网为铜质材料，其耐磨性差，网笼在纸机网槽中的运行期间，容易产生局部磨破，人工无法修补处理，网笼被迫下机，这种情况不仅影响了纸张水印的质量及抄造效率，而且会增加纸张抄造生产成本。
(9)网笼制作过程中人工劳动强度大，加工过程中质量风险点较多，工艺控制难度较大。目前，制作普通水印的，制作白水印或幅别标记物的膜片需要单独制作，制作完成后再贴合在水印网笼外表面，膜片的表面处理、贴合等方面是通过手工完成，工作量相当大。而且，网笼制作过程中包括水印版制作、修版、膜片制作、网笼安装等多个环节，质量风险点比较多，控制工艺质量的难度较大。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题和不足，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种纸张成型模具，提高图纹字符相应设计图稿的还原性、保证抄造纸张中水印呈现效果的一致性，实现图纹字符细节的精细超微化。
本发明提供的纸张成型模具在同一技术构思下包括以下几种具体的实现方式：
第一种：一种纸张成型模具，包括滚筒；所述滚筒的筒壁上设置若干贯穿的微孔，且所述滚筒的筒壁上还雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
第一种结构的纸张成型模具，滚筒上同时设置微孔和图纹字符。
第二种：一种纸张成型模具，包括滚筒和图纹字符块；所述滚筒的筒壁上设置有若干贯穿的微孔和贯穿的镂空部，所述图纹字符块可拆卸式的安装在所述滚筒的镂空部；所述图纹字符块上雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
第二种结构的纸张成型模具，滚筒上设置微孔，图纹字符块上设置图纹字符，且滚筒与图纹字符块可拆卸连接，方便单独更换图纹字符块。
上述两种结构的纸张成型模具，共同的技术构思在于：用加工若干微孔的滚筒替换由金属丝编织形成的水印网笼，在纸张抄造环节进行图纹字符等防伪元素的加工。
首先，滚筒与水印网笼均是薄壁的圆筒结构，滚筒的筒壁是致密的薄板结构，水印网笼的笼体是由金属细丝横竖、上下交叉压印形成的网状结构，因此在二者壁厚相同时，滚筒具有更高的强度、更好的表面平整度和圆周度。进而，在不穿透筒壁或者金属丝的情况下，对壁厚相同的滚筒、水印网笼上加工图纹字符，能够在滚筒上加工的线条深度更大、 相邻线条的间距更小。线条深浅差距大则成像更立体，线条窄且相邻线条的间距小，则成像更精细。
其次，一个滚筒上的若干微孔的孔径、孔隙率均可以调整，使其并不完全相同，相对于每个空隙大小、形状基本一致的水印网笼，在保证其滤水功能的同时，通过调节滤水率提高水印的明亮对比度。
而且，滚筒通过设置若干贯穿筒壁的微孔进行滤水，水印网笼通过金属细丝之间的空隙进行滤水，在需要反复摩擦的挤压的工作环境下，微孔边缘的筒壁相对于金属细丝交叉的节点高强、耐磨。因此，采用滚筒结构能大大延长成型模具在纸张抄造过程中的运行寿命。
还有，滚筒上的普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物等图纹字符，是雕刻形成的，省去了采用水印网笼加工图纹字符时的修版、压制、贴合等中间工序环节，避免了图纹字符的细节损失，从而提高对应设计图稿的还原性，并保证其一致性及白水印、纸张幅别标记物在抄纸过程中的牢固性。
需要说明的是，本发明中所述的普通水印和白水印均为水印，但二者有所区别。
1、普通水印。
水印加工模具上，用于加工普通水印的水印区域具有过渡区域，且设置有具有滤水功能的微孔或空隙；而且加工后的普通水印视觉效果上有灰度、有层次感。现有技术中，用于加工普通水印的水印区域直接压制而成。
2、白水印。
水印加工模具上，用于加工白水印的水印区域无过渡区域，且不设置具有滤水功能的微孔或空隙；而且加工后的白水印视觉效果上也没有层次感。现有技术中，用于加工白水印的水印区域，是通过单独加工的金属膜片贴合在水印网笼上而成。
进一步地，虽然可以通过增加滚筒筒壁厚度(简称壁厚)的方式，增加滚筒的强度，但为了能在增加滚筒强度的同时又不过多增加整个模具的重量，通常在滚筒内设置加强筋。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种纸张成型模具的制作方法。
针对第一种结构的纸张成型模具，先制作滚筒，然后根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，最后根据设计在滚筒的筒壁上加工微孔以及图纹字符；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
针对第一种结构的纸张成型模具，还提供了一种制作方法：先在平板上加工微孔及图纹字符，然后将平板卷曲形成圆筒状；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
针对第二种结构的纸张成型模具，也提供了一种制作方法：先制作滚筒，然后根据图 纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，再根据设计在滚筒的筒壁上加工微孔以及镂空部，并单独加工具有图纹字符的图纹字符块，最后将加工好的图纹字符块镶嵌在滚筒的镂空部；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
上述三个纸张成型模具的制作方法中，加工微孔和加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后，即可以采用以下任意一种方式：
方式一：先加工微孔、后加工图纹字符；
方式二：先加工图纹字符、后加工微孔；
方式三：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时进行，且分别独立而不交叉；
方式四：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时交叉进行。
本发明研发了纸张成型模具及其制作方法，先进行普通水印三维模型图稿设计，再在滚筒和/或图纹字符块上雕刻大量普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物等图纹字符，并对滚筒进行微孔制作；图纹字符雕刻和微孔制作的顺序可以前后交换，也可以同时进行。在水印区域，根据水印图纹字符特点设计微孔，不同区域的微孔孔隙率及单个微孔的孔径不一。
本发明主要是缩减现有纸张成型模具制作过程中的修版、普通水印压制、白水印、高亮普通水印片的制作与贴合、安全线开窗斑马格的压制、多层网的制作，研制一套纸张成型模具的制作工艺技术，在滚筒上直接雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格及微孔制作，从而得到纸张成型模具，即滚筒就相当于目前生产所用的水印网笼，直接将其装配在纸机网槽中即可进行纸张抄造。
采用本发明所述的纸张成型模具进行抄造，对水印三维模型图稿的还原性高；雕刻而成的水印一致性好，可实现纸张成型模具上的水印的在线质量检测；根据特殊设计，可使线条等细节具有连续性；水印在纸张中的细节明显，可达到微型、超高清的效果；整个制作过程的自动化程度高；纸张成型模具的使用寿命长。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及有益效果：
(1)对原始设计图稿的还原性好。普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格在纸张成型模具上直接雕刻而成，省去了修版、压制、贴合等中间工序环节，避免了图纹字符的细节损失，从而提高对应设计图稿的还原性，并保证其一致性及白水印在抄纸过程中的牢固性。
(2)纸张成型模具上微孔的可调性强。滚筒上的微孔直径大小、分布密度，都可以根据普通水印等图纹字符特点及滤水性要求进行任意设计和调节，以使水印线条等相应部位具有更好的连续性、完整性，实现水印更高的明亮对比度。
(3)可制作超微精细且图纹复杂的水印。该项专利技术直接雕刻则可实现超微精细的 水印线条及水印细节的丰富饱满和高清晰度，而且水印边缘轮廓更为明晰，保证水印更具立体感。
(4)纸张成型模具的使用寿命长。可采用高强、耐磨性好、抗腐蚀性强的材质，大大延长纸张成型模具在抄纸过程中的运行寿命。
(5)自动化程度高。水印等图纹字符制作采用雕刻机，微孔制作则使用激光等技术设备予以完成。
附图说明
图1为具有示例图一的不同纸张成型工具的局部示意图；其中，左图为本发明纸张成型模具，右图为现有技术的水印网笼；
图2为具有示例图一的不同纸张成型工具的断丝情况示意图；其中，左图为本发明纸张成型模具，右图为现有技术的水印网笼；
图3为采用不同纸张成型工具制作的示例图一的普通水印效果图；其中，左图为采用本发明纸张成型模具制作的示例图一的普通水印效果图，右图为采用现有技术的水印网笼制作的示例图一的普通水印效果图；
图4为现有技术中编织形成的水印网笼的局部放大示意图。
图5为水印网笼经纬线结点的示意图。
图6为本发明中加工有微孔的滚筒结构示意图。
图7为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块为矩形块。
图8为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块为楔形块。
图9为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中滚筒的镂空部不穿透滚筒的筒壁。
图10为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块的顶面高于滚筒外壁面。
图11为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块的顶面低于滚筒外壁面。
图12为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块通过丝杆与滚筒连接。
图13为图12中滚筒与图纹字符块连接位置的局部放大图。
图14为两种滤水孔流道设计的丝杆的剖面示意图。
图15为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块通过安装在加强筋上的弹簧压入滚筒的镂空部。
图16为分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒与图纹字符块的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块为楔形块且楔形块从滚筒内部嵌入镂空部。
图17为微孔为圆柱孔的纸张成型模具局部结构示意图。
图18为微孔为波纹孔的纸张成型模具局部结构示意图。
图19为微孔为梯度孔的纸张成型模具局部结构示意图。
其中，1、滚筒；2、图纹字符块；3、丝杆；4、加强筋；5、弹簧。
具体实施方式
为了更好的说明本发明的技术特征、目的和效果，现结合附图以实施例具体说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1：
本实施例提供了一种纸张成型模具，包括滚筒1；所述滚筒1的筒壁上设置若干贯穿的微孔，且所述滚筒1的筒壁上还雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
本实施例中提供的纸张成型模具的主要创新点在于：纸张成型模具就是一个非编织的薄壁结构的滚筒1，且滚筒1上同时具有微孔和凹部深浅不一的图纹字符。所述微孔、图纹字符就是基于薄板本体加工形成的，而非独立的部件。而且，所述微孔、图纹字符的高度不超过滚筒1的表面，滚筒1的表面无凸起。
本实施例中所述的普通水印与白水印皆为水印，但二者并不相同，其区别如下。
普通水印：模具上用于加工普通水印的水印区域具有过渡区域，且设置有具有滤水功能的微孔等空隙；而且加工后的普通水印视觉效果上有灰度、有层次感。现有技术中，用于加工普通水印的水印区域直接压制而成。
白水印：模具上用于加工白水印的水印区域无过渡区域，且不设置具有滤水功能的微孔等空隙；而且加工后的白水印视觉效果上也没有层次感。现有技术中，用于加工白水印的水印区域，是通过单独加工的金属膜片焊接在水印网笼上而成。
本实施例中，所述微孔是贯穿滚筒1筒壁的穿孔，微孔的入口位于滚筒1的外壁、微孔的出口位于滚筒1的内壁。微孔的入口与微孔的出口连通形成一个贯通的通道，用于纤维悬浮液的排水。
通常，微孔通道的横截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、多边形、月牙形等等，不同横截面的形状可以相同也可以不同，不同横截面的比例可以相同也可以不同。例如：微孔通道的横 截面为圆形时，微孔的通道可以是一个圆柱状的空间，即微孔为圆柱孔，如图17所示；可以是一个圆锥状或锥台状的空间，即微孔为锥孔；可以是轴向截面呈波纹状的空间，即微孔为波纹孔，如图18所示；还可以是轴向截面呈上下宽度不等的、有梯度的空间，即微孔为梯度孔，如图19所示。而且一个滚筒上的微孔可以是圆柱孔、圆锥孔、波纹孔、梯度孔中任意一种或多种组合。例如：一个滚筒1上所有微孔均为圆柱孔；或者一个滚筒1上所有微孔均为圆锥孔；或者一个滚筒1上的微孔一部分是圆柱孔、一部分是波纹孔、一部分是梯度孔。
本实施例中，考虑到微孔加工的可行性及微孔排水率的可控性，一个滚筒1上全部微孔采用横截面为圆形的等径的穿孔结构，即微孔的通道呈圆柱状。
进一步，若干微孔在同一高度处的孔径全部相等或者不全部相等。针对微孔通道为圆柱形的结构，即若干微孔的孔径相等或者不全部相等。
在另一具体实施例中，一个滚筒1上的微孔均为孔径相等的圆柱孔。此时微孔采用圆柱孔，相对于采用圆锥孔的结构，其优势在于相对于滚筒1外壁面或内壁面等高位置各个孔径一致，利于计算孔隙率，以控制水印灰度。
本实施例中，不同区域的微孔的孔隙率不全部相等。
本实施例中采用微孔的孔径不全部相等、密度不全部相等的方案以适应水印灰度变化的需求，即采用微孔的孔隙率适应水印灰度变化的需求：水印的亮部，微孔的孔隙率小；水印的暗部，微孔的孔隙率大。
例如：微孔的孔径相同时，水印的亮部，微孔密度小，微孔分散；水印的暗部，微孔密度大，微孔紧凑。
又例如：微孔的密度相同时，水印的亮部，微孔孔径小；水印的暗部，微孔孔径大。
当然，也可以综合微孔的孔隙率、图纹字符雕刻线条的高低共同影响水印的灰度。
如图1所示，左图为本实施例中所述滚筒1的筒壁上雕刻有示例图一的水印图案的局部图，右图为现有技术的水印网笼上压制示例图一的水印图案的局部图。相比之下，左图中水印图案的线条深浅差距更大而显得图案更立体、线条更多而显得图案更精细。
如图2所示，左图为本实施例中纸张成型模具的断丝情况，右图为现有技术的水印网笼的断丝情况。可以看到，右图中断丝情况非常明显，左图中断丝极少。
如图3所示，左图为采用本实施例所述的纸张成型模具加工的水印效果图，右图为采用现有技术的水印网笼加工的水印效果图。明显，左图中水印更清晰、呈现的图像更立体、细节更精致。
如图4、图5所示，现有技术中水印网笼的经纬线结点由一上一下两根金属线编织形成， 所以再在水印网笼上压制水印图案时，受其结构、强度等因素的影响，一是水印线条深度受限，二是压制过程中极容易断丝。
由上述内容可以看出，本实施例公开的纸张成型模具对原始水印图稿的高度还原性，提升水印在纸张中的一致性、清晰度、立体感、细节的精微化及其丰富性，从而增强水印纸张的防伪功能；延长纸张成型模具的使用寿命；提高模具制作的自动化水平，大大减轻人工的劳动强度。
进一步地，所述微孔的通道倾斜设置。便于纸张抄造过程中沥水。
进一步地，所述微孔采用激光、电火花、电子束中任意一种进行加工，所述图纹字符采用激光雕刻机或者机械雕刻机进行加工。本实施例中仅仅罗列常见的加工方式，但微孔、图纹字符的加工并不限于上述加工方式。
如图6所示，滚筒1上加工微孔后的示意图。
进一步地，所述滚筒1采用铜质或镍质或合金或疏水性塑料制成。其中，疏水性塑料可以选择聚四氟乙烯或聚甲醛或聚氨酯或聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯。
如图1-图3所示，示例图所覆盖的水印区域均分布微孔，此时二者分布位置有重合。当需要形成安全线开窗斑马格时，微孔仅分布在安全线开窗斑马格周围的筒壁上。
进一步地，为了进一步提高滚筒1的工作强度，所述滚筒1内还设置加强筋4。
进一步地，所述普通水印或白水印或纸张幅别标记物的内容是图案、字母、数字、符号、文字中任意一种元素或者多种元素的组合。
本实施例中还提供了一种制作上述纸张成型模具的制作方法，主要包括滚筒1制作、水印三维模型设计、雕刻、打孔，其具体制作方法为：先制作滚筒1，然后根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，最后根据设计在滚筒1的筒壁上加工微孔以及图纹字符。
其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的先后顺序不限定，即可以采用以下任意一种方式：
方式一：先加工微孔、后加工图纹字符；
方式二：先加工图纹字符、后加工微孔；
方式三：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时进行，且分别独立而不交叉；
方式四：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时交叉进行。
通常情况下，制作纸张成型模具时是在制作微孔后的滚筒1上直接雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格等图案和/或字符，或者是在无孔滚筒1上先雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格等图案和/或字符，再应用激光或其他技术在滚筒1上进行微孔制作。
进一步的，进行纸张成型模具的设计时，根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求设计单个 微孔的孔径、不同区域微孔的孔隙率、图纹字符的线条。
通过多组实验对本实施例所述的纸张成型模具和现有技术的水印网笼的使用进行比较，采用本实施例提供的纸张成型模具进行制作抄造时，对原始水印设计图稿的高度还原性，提升水印在纸张中的一致性、清晰度、立体感、细节的精微化及其丰富性，从而增强水印纸张的防伪功能；延长纸张成型模具的使用寿命；提高水印模具制作的自动化水平，大大减轻人工的劳动强度。
实施例2：
本实施例在实施例1的基础上，采用滚筒1和具有普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物的模块分开的结构。
本实施例提供的一种纸张成型模具，包括滚筒1和图纹字符块2；所述滚筒1的筒壁上设置有若干贯穿的微孔和贯穿的镂空部，所述图纹字符块2可拆卸式的安装在所述滚筒1的镂空部；所述图纹字符块2上雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
进一步地，若干微孔在同一高度处的孔径全部相等或者不全部相等。
进一步地，不同区域的微孔的孔隙率不全部相等。
本实施例中提供的纸张成型模具的主要创新点在于：纸张成型模具是由一个非编织的薄壁结构的滚筒1和一个图纹字符块2组成，滚筒1上具有微孔和用于安装图纹字符块2的镂空部，图纹字符块2上加工凹凸深浅不一的图纹字符。
进一步地，所述微孔为圆柱孔、波纹孔、梯度孔中的任意一种或者其组合。
进一步地，所述微孔的通道倾斜设置。
进一步地，为了进一步提高滚筒1的工作强度，所述滚筒1内还设置加强筋4。
进一步地，所述滚筒1采用铜质或镍质或合金或疏水性塑料制成。其中，疏水性塑料可以选择聚四氟乙烯或聚甲醛或聚氨酯或聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯。
进一步地，普通水印或白水印或纸张幅别标记物的内容是图案、字母、数字、符号、文字中任意一种元素或者多种元素的组合。
本实施例中还提供了一种制作上述纸张成型模具的制作方法，主要包括滚筒1制作、普通水印三维模型设计、雕刻、打孔，其具体制作方法为：先制作滚筒1，然后根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，再根据设计在滚筒1的筒壁上加工微孔以及镂空部，并单独加工具有图纹字符的图纹字符块2，最后将加工好的图纹字符块2镶嵌在滚筒1的镂空部；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的先后顺序不限定。
其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的先后顺序不限定，即可以采用以下任意一种方式：
方式一：先加工微孔、后加工图纹字符；
方式二：先加工图纹字符、后加工微孔；
方式三：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时进行，且分别独立而不交叉；
方式四：加工微孔、加工图纹字符同时交叉进行。
本实施例的其他部分与实施例1相同，故不再赘述。
实施例3：
本示例在实施例2的基础上，优化图纹字符块2与滚筒1的连接方式。
第一种，如图7、图8、图9、图10、图11所示的分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒1与图纹字符块2的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块2与滚筒1熔接或者粘接或者仅仅通过过盈配合关系而嵌入式连接。熔接时通常采用焊接方式。
图7-图11中，如图7、图8、图10、图11所示，滚筒1上的镂空部是贯穿滚筒1筒壁的；其中，图7、图8示例，图纹字符块2与滚筒1基本等厚，图纹字符块2的顶面与滚筒1外壁面基本等高；图10示例，图纹字符块2的顶面明显高于滚筒1外壁面；图11示例，图纹字符块2的顶面明显低于滚筒1外壁面。
图7-图11中，如图9所示，滚筒1上的镂空部是不贯穿滚筒1筒壁的，图纹字符块2嵌入在滚筒1的镂空部中，图纹字符块2的顶面与滚筒1外壁面基本等高。当然，此时图纹字符块2的顶面也可以略高或者略低于滚筒1外壁面。
第二种，如图12所示的分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒1与图纹字符块2的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块2与滚筒1有部分结构搭接，此时图纹字符块2与滚筒1熔接或者粘接或者通过丝杆3连接。
如图13所示，图纹字符块2与滚筒1通过丝杆3连接成一体。
进一步，如图14所示，丝杆3上设置滤水孔，滤水孔的过水通道结构有“|”和“└”两种，如图14的左图是贯穿丝杆3中心的直线滤水孔结构，图14的右图是不贯穿丝杆3中心的L形滤水孔结构。
第三种，如图15所示分体式纸张成型模具中滚筒1与图纹字符块2的一种连接结构示意图，其中图纹字符块2通过安装在加强筋4上的弹簧5压入滚筒1的镂空部。
本实施例的其他部分与实施例2相同，故不再赘述。
实施例4：
本示例在实施例2或实施例3的基础上，优化图纹字符块2的结构。如图7所示所述图纹字符块2为上下两端长度相等的矩形块；或者，如图8、图15、图16所示，所述图纹字符块2为上下两端长度不等的楔形块。
本实施例的其他部分与实施例2或实施例3相同，故不再赘述。
实施例5：
本实施例提供两种结构的纸张成型模具：
第一种结构的纸张成型模具，包括滚筒1；所述滚筒1的筒壁上设置若干贯穿的微孔，且所述滚筒1的筒壁上还雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
第二种结构的纸张成型模具，包括滚筒1和图纹字符块2；所述滚筒1的筒壁上设置有若干贯穿的微孔和贯穿的镂空部，所述图纹字符块2可拆卸式的安装在所述滚筒1的镂空部；所述图纹字符块2上雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
上述两种结构的纸张成型模具，其若干微孔在同一高度处的孔径全部相等或者不全部相等；其不同区域的微孔的孔隙率不全部相等。
针对上述两种结构的纸张成型模具，在实施例1或实施例2的基础上还提供了一种制作方法，先在平板上加工微孔及图纹字符，然后将平板卷曲形成圆筒状；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
本实施例的其他部分与实施例1或实施例2相同，故不再赘述。
实施例6：
本实施例根据实施例1-5中任意一项，提供了一种由实施例1-5中公开的纸张成型模具加工的纸张。该纸张是一种用于防伪印刷的安全纸张。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：包括滚筒；所述滚筒的筒壁上设置若干贯穿的微孔，且所述滚筒的筒壁上还雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：若干微孔在同一高度处的孔径全部相等或者不全部相等。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：不同区域的微孔的孔隙率不全部相等。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述微孔为圆柱孔、波纹孔、梯度孔中的任意一种或者其组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述微孔的通道倾斜设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述滚筒内还设置加强筋。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述滚筒的材质为铜或镍或合金或疏水性塑料；所述疏水性材料为聚四氟乙烯或聚氨酯或聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：普通水印或白水印或纸张幅别标记物的内容是图案、字母、数字、符号、文字中任意一种元素或者多种元素的组合。
  9. 一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：包括滚筒和图纹字符块；所述滚筒的筒壁上设置有若干贯穿的微孔和安装图纹字符块的镂空部，所述图纹字符块可拆卸式的安装在所述滚筒的镂空部；所述图纹字符块上雕刻普通水印、白水印、安全线开窗斑马格、纸张幅别标记物中的一种或多种图纹字符。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述镂空部贯穿滚筒的筒壁。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述图纹字符块与滚筒的镂空部过盈配合，嵌入连接；或者，所述图纹字符块熔接在滚筒的镂空部；或者，所述图纹字符块粘接在滚筒的镂空部；或者，所述图纹字符块与滚筒分别设置螺纹孔并通过丝杆连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述丝杆中心设置直线贯穿的直线滤水孔；或者，所述丝杆中心设置流道呈L形的L形滤水孔。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述滚筒和图纹字符块的顶面齐平，或者滚筒和图纹字符块的顶面一高一低。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：若干微孔在同一高度处的孔径全部相等或者不全部相等。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：不同区域的微孔的孔隙率不 全部相等。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述微孔为圆柱孔、波纹孔、梯度孔中的任意一种或者其组合。
  17. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述微孔的通道倾斜设置。
  18. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述滚筒内还设置加强筋。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述加强筋朝向滚筒的一侧设置弹簧，弹簧的远端与图纹字符块的底部连接，图纹字符块受压缩后的弹簧的簧力压入镂空部。
  20. 根据权利要求9所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：所述图纹字符块为上下两端长度相等的矩形块，或者所述图纹字符块为上下两端长度不等的楔形块。
  21. 根据权利要求9-20任一项所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：一个镂空部中同时设置两个或两个以上图纹字符块。
  22. 根据权利要求9-20任一项所述的一种纸张成型模具，其特征在于：一个图纹字符块由两个或两个以上子模块组成，即图纹字符块为分体式结构。
  23. 一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的纸张成型模具的制作方法，其特征在于：先制作滚筒，然后根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，最后根据设计在滚筒的筒壁上加工微孔以及图纹字符；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的一种纸张成型模具及其制作方法，其特征在于：进行纸张成型模具的设计时，根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求设计单个微孔的孔径、不同区域微孔的孔隙率、图纹字符的线条。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的一种纸张成型模具及其制作方法，其特征在于：所述微孔采用激光、电火花、电子束、化学腐蚀中任意一种进行加工，所述图纹字符采用激光雕刻机或者机械雕刻机进行加工。
  26. 一种根据权利要求9-22任一项所述的纸张成型模具的制作方法，其特征在于：先制作滚筒，然后根据图纹字符特点以及滤水性要求进行纸张成型模具的设计，再根据设计在滚筒的筒壁上加工微孔以及镂空部，并单独加工具有图纹字符的图纹字符块，最后将加工好的图纹字符块镶嵌在滚筒的镂空部；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
  27. 一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的纸张成型模具的制作方法，其特征在于：先在平板上加工微孔及图纹字符，然后将平板卷曲形成圆筒状；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
  28. 一种根据权利要求9-22任一项所述的纸张成型模具的制作方法，其特征在于：先在平 板上加工微孔及图纹字符，然后将平板卷曲形成圆筒状；其中，加工微孔、加工图纹字符的顺序不限制先后。
  29. 一种由权利要求1-8任一项所述的纸张成型模具制造的纸张。
  30. 一种由权利要求9-22任一项所述的纸张成型模具制造的纸张。
PCT/CN2020/130480 2019-12-13 2020-11-20 纸张成型模具、模具制作方法及由成型模具制造的纸张 WO2021115102A1 (zh)

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