WO2021114465A1 - Tbm搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法 - Google Patents

Tbm搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021114465A1
WO2021114465A1 PCT/CN2020/073540 CN2020073540W WO2021114465A1 WO 2021114465 A1 WO2021114465 A1 WO 2021114465A1 CN 2020073540 W CN2020073540 W CN 2020073540W WO 2021114465 A1 WO2021114465 A1 WO 2021114465A1
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Prior art keywords
slag
point load
rock
rock slag
tbm
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PCT/CN2020/073540
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
葛颜慧
许振浩
刘友博
林鹏
潘东东
谢辉辉
王朝阳
黄鑫
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山东交通学院
山东大学
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Priority to AU2020402793A priority Critical patent/AU2020402793B2/en
Publication of WO2021114465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021114465A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of TBM mounted test devices, and in particular relates to a TBM mounted test device and method for automatically obtaining rock slag particle size and strength characteristics.
  • TBM tunnel boring machine
  • the slag generated in the TBM construction process needs to be picked up manually on the conveyor belt, the slag is cleaned to observe the surface characteristics of the slag with naked eyes, and the point load instrument is used to obtain the load strength of the slag point.
  • the inventor found that but the site operation The environment is complex, the dust concentration is high, and the belt conveyor runs fast. It is difficult to manually pick up the slag that meets the test requirements on the conveyor belt, and it is not safe.
  • the present invention provides a TBM-mounted test device and method for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics, which can obtain real-time slag characteristics such as slag particle size, joints, and strength characteristics during TBM tunneling. Allows those skilled in the art to judge the changes of the rock mass in front of the excavation based on the characteristics of the slag.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics, which includes:
  • a retractable mechanical gripper which is set at one end of the guide rail, is used to grab the rock slag and put it into the rock slag fixing device;
  • the guide rail is arranged above the TBM conveyor belt;
  • the rock slag fixing device, the slag cleaning device, and the rock slag are arranged on the guide rail in sequence Drying device, rock slag photographing device, point load test device and rock slag collection device;
  • the slag fixing device can move freely on the guide rail, and is used to transport slag to a preset position for corresponding operations; the slag cleaning device is used to clean the transported slag; the slag drying The device is used for drying the transported slag; the slag photographing device is used for collecting images of the upper and lower surfaces of the transported slag and transmitting them to the data comprehensive processing system; the point load test device is used for Fracturing the transported slag rock slag and collecting the slag point load strength and sending it to the data comprehensive processing system; the data comprehensive processing system is used to obtain the slag characteristics such as the shape, particle size and point load strength index of the slag, and obtain The rock strength change curve diagram of the tunnel excavation construction section; the slag collecting device is used for collecting the slag processed by the point load test device.
  • the guide rail is arranged on a base, and the base is arranged above the TBM conveyor belt;
  • a high-pressure water jet is provided inside the slag cleaning device
  • an electric heating wire is provided inside the slag drying device
  • both the upper and lower plates of the rock slag photographing device are equipped with a third high-definition camera and a lighting device for acquiring images of the upper and lower surfaces of the rock slag.
  • the base is made of angle steel or I-shaped steel.
  • the retractable mechanical gripper is suspended above the TBM conveyor belt through a side of an electro-hydraulic column support, and the electro-hydraulic column can be extended up and down.
  • the retractable mechanical gripper includes a circular gripper.
  • the circular gripper is used to grab the rock slag and then rotates through the joints and contracts the mechanical arm to realize the lifting and swinging of the mechanical gripper.
  • the rock slag is put into the rock slag fixing device, and the first high-definition camera is also set above the circular gripper.
  • the first high-definition camera is used to shoot the conveyor belt slag image and send it to the data comprehensive processing system, and then the captured slag
  • the block is positioned and manipulates the retractable mechanical gripper to grab the slag on the conveyor belt.
  • the rock slag fixing device includes a mobile trolley, and the mobile trolley and the carrying box are connected by a rotating connecting rod.
  • the point load test device includes a point load upper cone and a point load lower cone, the load lower cone is arranged on a jack, the jack is connected to a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for The vertical movement of the jack is driven to drive the vertical movement of the lower cone head under the point load; the upper cone head of the point load is fixed on the inner side of the top plate of the point load test device and is arranged opposite to the lower cone head of the point load.
  • a second high-definition camera is also provided on both sides of the point load test device, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the upper cone of the point load for recording the intensity of the point load.
  • a displacement sensor is installed to record the moving distance of the cone under the point load; when the slag fixing device carries the slag and moves inside the point load test device, the second high-definition camera is used to locate the slag position, which is connected by adjusting the rotation
  • the rod makes the center position of the rock block between the upper cone of the point load and the lower cone of the point load.
  • the slag data comprehensive processing system is used to extract the slag particle size and the slag surface joint characteristics in the slag image, and finally obtain the slag point load index and the conveyor belt slag particle size distribution, etc. feature.
  • the TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring the particle size and strength characteristics of rock slag further includes an industrial computer, and the data integrated processing system is the industrial computer central processing system.
  • the mechanical gripper, slag fixing device, slag cleaning device, slag drying device, slag photographing device, slag point load test device, and slag collection device of the test device respectively pass through the signal transmission device and the industrial computer center.
  • the processing system is connected.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a test method for a TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics, which includes:
  • the slag fixing device moves forward on the guide rail, and the slag is carried to the slag cleaning device to clean the surface of the slag;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, and the slag is carried to the slag drying device to dry the surface of the slag, so that the slag maintains its natural moisture content;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, carrying the slag to the slag photographing device to take pictures of the upper and lower surfaces of the slag. At least 4 photos are taken for each rock block, and the obtained slag image is transmitted to the data integrated processing system in real time ;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, carrying the slag to the point load testing device, positioning the slag position, and adjusting the rotating rods on both sides of the load box to make the point load upper cone and point load lower of the point load test device
  • the cone head is pressed at the center of the slag, and the cone head moves upward under point load until the slag is fractured, and the strength of the slag fracturing and the displacement of the lower cone are recorded;
  • the invention uses a retractable mechanical gripper to grab rock slag and put it into a slag fixing device, and uses the slag fixing device to sequentially move the slag to a slag cleaning device, a slag drying device, a slag photographing device, and a point load test.
  • the device and the slag collection device perform corresponding operations to realize the automatic collection, cleaning, drying, and automatic extraction of the slag surface characteristics and the slag point load strength, and solve the problem that it is difficult to pick up the slag on the conveyor belt to meet the test requirements.
  • the rock slag, and the unsafe problem can obtain the slag particle size, joints and strength characteristics in the TBM tunneling process in real time, so as to judge the current heading face rock mass changes according to the slag characteristics, and improve the automation of the test device Degree and accuracy of test results.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a point load test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock slag fixing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 retracttable mechanical gripper
  • 2 mechanical arm
  • 3 rotating joint
  • 4 first high-definition camera
  • 5 slag fixing device
  • 6 slag cleaning device
  • 7 slag drying device
  • 8 Rock slag photographing device
  • 10 slag collection device
  • 11 electro-hydraulic column
  • 12 pedestal support rod
  • 13 guide rail
  • 14 TBM conveyor belt
  • 15 second high-definition camera
  • 16 Point load lower cone
  • 17 jack
  • 18 point load upper cone
  • 19 slag
  • 20 carrying box
  • 21 rotating connecting rod
  • 22 wheel
  • 23 connecting member
  • 24 wire mesh structure
  • 25 The third high-definition camera
  • 26 electric heating wire
  • 27 high-pressure jet water head
  • 28 lighting device
  • 29 industrial computer.
  • azimuth or position relationship is based on the azimuth or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element of the present invention. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present invention, and cannot be understood as a reference to the present invention. Limitations of the invention.
  • a TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring slag particle size and strength characteristics of this embodiment includes:
  • the retractable mechanical gripper 1 which is set at one end of the guide rail 13, is used to grab the rock slag 19 and put it into the rock slag fixing device 5;
  • the guide rail is arranged above the TBM conveyor belt 14; and the rock slag fixing device 5, Rock slag cleaning device 6, rock slag drying device 7, rock slag photographing device 8, point load test device 9, and rock slag collection device 10;
  • the slag fixing device can move freely on the guide rail, and is used to transport slag to a preset position for corresponding operations; the slag cleaning device is used to clean the transported slag; the slag drying The device is used for drying the transported slag; the slag photographing device is used for collecting images of the upper and lower surfaces of the transported slag and transmitting them to the data comprehensive processing system; the point load test device is used for Fracturing the transported slag and slag, collecting the slag point load strength and sending it to the data comprehensive processing system; the data comprehensive processing system is used to obtain the slag characteristics such as the shape, particle size and point load strength index of the slag , In order to judge the current heading face rock mass changes according to the characteristics of the slag; the slag collection device is used to collect the slag processed by the point load test device.
  • the guide rail 13 is arranged on the base, and the guide rail 13 is arranged above the TBM conveyor belt 14.
  • a base support rod 12 is provided at the bottom of the base for supporting the base.
  • the base is composed of angle steel or I-shaped steel, and is welded above the TBM conveyor belt to provide support for other parts of the test device.
  • the retractable mechanical gripper 1 is supported and hung above the TBM conveyor belt 14 by a side electro-hydraulic column 11, and the electro-hydraulic column 11 can be extended up and down.
  • the retractable mechanical gripper 1 includes a circular gripper.
  • the circular gripper is used to grab rock slag and then rotates through the joint 3 and retracts the mechanical arm 2 to realize the lifting and swinging of the mechanical gripper.
  • the rock slag is put into the rock slag fixing device 5.
  • the first high-definition camera 4 is also arranged above the circular gripper. The first high-definition camera 4 is used to shoot the conveyor belt slag image and send it to the data integrated processing system, and then the grasping
  • the slag block is positioned and manipulated by the retractable mechanical gripper to grab the slag on the conveyor belt.
  • the rock slag fixing device includes a mobile trolley, and the mobile trolley and the carrying box 20 are connected by a rotating connecting rod 21.
  • Wheels 22 are provided at the bottom of the mobile trolley, and the wheels 22 can move freely on the guide rail.
  • the wheels 22 form the chassis of the mobile trolley through the connecting member 23, and are used to place the carrying box 20.
  • the carrying box 20 is a circular carrying box; the rotating rod connecting rod 21 can realize the upside down of the carrying box 20, and the slag fixing device 5 can move freely on the guide rail.
  • the side wall of the circular carrying box is made of tempered glass or stainless steel, and the bottom surface is a mesh plate with mesh or the bottom plate is a wire mesh structure 24.
  • the diameter of the wire in the wire mesh structure 24 is 1 to 3 mm, and the hole size is single The dimension is 5 ⁇ 20mm.
  • the shells of the slag cleaning device 6, the slag drying device 7, the slag photographing device 8, and the point load test device 9 are assembled from stainless steel plates or iron plates, and are respectively welded and connected to the base.
  • the slag cleaning device 6 is provided with a high-pressure jetting water head 27; the high-pressure jetting water head is arranged on the inner side of the upper plate inside the slag cleaning and drying device.
  • an electric heating wire 26 is arranged inside the slag drying device 7; the electric heating wire is arranged inside the lower plate of the slag drying device.
  • the high-pressure jet water head When the slag fixing device moves to the inside of the slag cleaning device and the slag drying device in order, the high-pressure jet water head will automatically open to clean the surface of the slag dust, and the heating wire will dry the surface water of the slag.
  • the upper and lower boards of the rock slag photographing device are both equipped with a third high-definition camera 25 and a lighting device 28 for obtaining images of the upper and lower surfaces of the rock slag.
  • the point load test device includes a point load upper cone 18 and a point load lower cone 16, the load lower cone 16 is arranged on a jack 17, the jack is connected to the drive mechanism, the The driving mechanism is used to drive the jack to move vertically, thereby driving the point load lower cone head to move vertically; the point load upper cone head 18 is fixed on the inner side of the top plate of the point load test device 9 and is arranged opposite to the point load lower cone head 16.
  • a second high-definition camera 15 is also provided on both sides of the point load test device 9, a pressure sensor is installed inside the upper cone of the point load for recording the intensity of the point load, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the lower cone of the point load. , Used to record the moving distance of the cone under the point load; when the slag fixing device is loaded with the slag and moved inside the point load test device, the second high-definition camera is used to locate the slag position, and the rock block is adjusted by rotating the connecting rod The center position is between the point load upper cone and the point load lower cone.
  • the cameras on both sides will take pictures of the slag, send the slag image to the data comprehensive processing system, and extract the features of the slag image through deep learning to obtain the minimum cross-sectional width W of the slag through the loading point to obtain the rock Point load strength index, the formula is as follows:
  • I S is the point load strength index (Mpa)
  • P is the failure load (N)
  • D is the distance between the loading points (mm)
  • W is the width of the smallest section passing through the loading point (mm).
  • the TBM-mounted test device for automatically acquiring the slag particle size and strength characteristics also includes an industrial computer, and the data integrated processing system is the central processing system of the industrial computer 29.
  • the central processing system includes an image processing module for processing slag images and a data processing module for processing rock data,
  • the image processing module mainly applies image cropping, edge extraction, filtering enhancement, deep learning and other technologies to extract the size of the slag particle size and the characteristics of the slag surface joints in the slag image.
  • the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired slag data, obtains the slag point load strength index, and then obtains the rock strength change curve diagram of the front face during tunnel excavation.
  • the industrial computer 29 includes a display interface to display the results of the image processing module on the rock slag image processing and the data processing module on the rock data analysis and processing results, so that those skilled in the art can display the results based on the display interface. Judge the current rock mass changes of the tunnel driving face.
  • the mechanical gripper, the slag fixing device, the slag cleaning device, the slag drying device, the slag photographing device, the slag point load test device, and the slag collection device are connected to each other through a signal transmission device.
  • the industrial computer central processing system is connected to realize the data transmission between the industrial computer and the test device.
  • the industrial computer includes a parameter setting module to set the working parameters of each test device through the parameter setting module, so that each device works under the corresponding working parameters.
  • the slag fixing device moves forward on the guide rail, and the slag is carried to the slag cleaning device to clean the surface of the slag;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, and the slag is carried to the slag drying device to dry the surface of the slag, so that the slag maintains its natural moisture content;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, carrying the slag to the slag photographing device to take pictures of the upper and lower surfaces of the slag. At least 4 photos are taken for each rock block, and the obtained slag image is transmitted to the data integrated processing system in real time ;
  • the slag fixing device continues to move forward, carrying the slag to the point load testing device, positioning the slag position, and adjusting the rotating rods on both sides of the load box to make the point load upper cone and point load lower of the point load test device
  • the cone head is pressed at the center of the slag, and the cone head moves upward under point load until the slag is fractured, and the strength of the slag fracturing and the displacement of the lower cone are recorded;
  • a retractable mechanical gripper is used to grab rock slag and put it into the slag fixing device
  • the slag fixing device is used to sequentially move the slag to the slag cleaning device, the slag drying device, the slag photographing device, and the point load.
  • the test device and the slag collection device perform corresponding operations to realize the automatic collection, cleaning, drying, and automatic extraction of the slag surface characteristics and the load strength of the slag point, and solve the problem that it is difficult to pick up the slag on the conveyor belt.
  • the required rock slag and unsafe issues can obtain real-time slag particle size, joints and strength characteristics during the TBM tunneling process, and sense the changes in the rock mass before the tunneling, which improves the automation of the test device and the accuracy of the test results Sex.

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Abstract

本发明提供TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法。其中该装置包括设置可伸缩机械抓手，用于抓取岩渣并放入岩渣固定装置；导轨上依次设置有岩渣固定装置、岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、点荷载试验装置和岩渣收集装置；岩渣固定装置可在导轨上自由移动，用于将岩渣运送到预设位置进行相应操作；岩渣清洗装置用于清洗岩渣；岩渣烘干装置用于烘干岩渣；岩渣拍照装置用于采集岩渣上下表面图像并传送至数据综合处理系统；点荷载试验装置用于对岩渣岩渣进行压裂且采集岩渣点荷载强度并传送至数据综合处理系统；数据综合处理系统用于得到岩渣的形状、粒径以及点荷载强度指数等岩渣特征，以便于据岩渣特征来判断当前掘进面岩体变化情况；岩渣收集装置用于对收集岩渣。

Description

TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于TBM搭载式试验装置领域，尤其涉及一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
随着我国基础设施的大规模建设和西部大开发的发展，将有大量隧道需要建设；全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)具有开挖快、安全、经济、扰动小等优点，因此TBM广泛应用于我国长大隧道建设中；随着掘进面前方岩体特征的不断变化，需要工作人员及时调整相应的TBM参数以避免造成刀具损坏、卡机等事故。实时获取当前掘进面岩体特征变得非常重要，一般需要在隧道侧壁利用钻机取芯并加工成标准岩石试样，在室内采用压力机对岩石试样进行抗压试验获取岩石单轴抗压强度，但在加工标准岩石试样的过程中会对岩石产生二次破坏，而点荷载试验不需要对岩石试样进行加工就可以对岩石试块进行试验，相比室内试验获取岩石强度具有一定优势。
传统情况下，TBM施工过程中产生的岩渣需要人工在传送带上捡取岩渣，对岩渣清洗肉眼观察岩渣表面特征，通过点荷载仪获取岩渣点荷载强度，发明人发现但现场作业环境复杂，灰尘浓度大，且皮带机运行速度快，人工很难捡取传送带上符合试验要求的岩渣，并且不安全。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置及方法，其可实时获取TBM掘进过程中岩渣粒径大小、节理及强度特征等岩渣特征，使本领域技术人员根据岩渣特征来判断掘进面前方岩体变化情况。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明的第一方面提供一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其包括：
可伸缩机械抓手，其设置在导轨一端，用于抓取岩渣并放入岩渣固定装置；导轨设置在TBM传送带上方；导轨上依次设置有岩渣固定装置、岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、点荷载试验装置和岩渣收集装置；
所述岩渣固定装置可在导轨上自由移动，用于将岩渣运送到预设位置进行相应操作；所述岩渣清洗装置用于对运送的岩渣进行清洗操作；所述岩渣烘干装置用于对运送的岩渣进行烘干操作；所述岩渣拍照装置用于对运送的岩渣进行采集岩渣上下表面图像操作并传送至数据综合处理系统；所述点荷载试验装置用于对运送的岩渣岩渣进行压裂且采集岩渣点荷载强度并传送至数据综合处理系统；数据综合处理系统用于得到岩渣的形状、粒径以及点荷载强度指数等岩渣特征，得到隧道掘进施工段岩石强度变化曲线图；所述岩渣收集装置用于对点荷载试验装置处理后的岩渣进行收集。
作为一种实施方式，所述导轨设置在基座上，所述基座设置在TBM传送带上方；
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣清洗装置内部设置有高压喷射水头；
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣烘干装置内部设置有电热丝；
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣拍照装置内部上板和下板均安装第三高清摄像头和照明装置，用于获取岩渣上下表面图像。
作为一种实施方式，所述基座由角钢或工字型钢构成。
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机械抓手通过一侧电动液压柱支撑悬挂在TBM传送带上方，电动液压柱可上下伸缩。
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机械抓手包括圆形抓手，圆形抓手用于抓取岩渣后通过关节旋转和机械臂收缩，实现机械抓手升降和左右摆动，将抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置内，圆形抓手上方还设置有第一高清摄像机，第一高清摄像机用于拍摄传送带岩渣图像并传送至数据综合处理系统，进而对抓取的岩渣块体进行定位并操控可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上的岩渣。
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣固定装置包括移动小车，移动小车与承载盒通过旋转连接杆连接。
作为一种实施方式，所述点荷载试验装置包括点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头，所述荷载下锥头设置在千斤顶上，所述千斤顶与驱动机构相连，所述驱动机构用于驱动千斤顶垂直运动，进而带动点荷载下锥头垂直运动；点荷载上锥头固定在点荷载试验装置顶板内侧且与点荷载下锥头相对设置。
作为一种实施方式，所述点荷载试验装置两侧还设置有第二高清摄像头，所述点荷载上锥头内部安装有压力传感器，用于记录点荷载强度，所述点荷载下锥头内部安装有位移传感器，用于记录点荷载下锥头的移动距离；当岩渣固定装置搭载岩渣移动至点荷载试验装置内部，第二高清摄像头用于对岩渣位置进行定位，通过调整旋转连接杆使岩块中心位置处于点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头之间。
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣数据综合处理系统用于提取岩渣图像中岩渣粒径大小和岩渣表面节理特征，最终得到岩渣点荷载指数及传送带岩渣粒径分布等岩渣特征。
作为一种实施方式，TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置还包括工业电脑，所述数据综合处理系统为所述工业电脑中央处理系统。
所述试验装置的机械抓手、岩渣固定装置、岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、岩渣点荷载试验装置、岩渣收集装置分别通过信号传输装置与工业电脑中央处理系统相连。
本发明的第二方面提供一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置的试验方法，其包括：
1)对TBM传送带上岩渣位置进行确定，控制可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上相应岩渣，抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置；
2)岩渣固定装置在导轨上向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣清洗装置对岩渣表面灰尘清洗；
3)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣烘干装置对岩渣表面水分烘干，使岩渣保持自然状态含水率；
4)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣拍照装置对岩渣上下表面进行拍照，每块岩块至少拍4张照片，获取的岩渣图像实时传输至数据综合处理系统；
5)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到点荷载试验装置，对岩渣位置进行定位，调整承载盒两侧旋转杆使点荷载试验装置的点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头压在岩渣中心位置，点荷载下锥头向上移动直至岩渣压裂，记录岩 渣压裂时强度及下锥头位移大小；
6)搭载断裂的岩渣离开点荷载试验装置，通过旋转承载盒将压裂后的岩渣倒入岩渣收集装置，载物车向后移动至导轨始端；
7)重复以上操作步骤，对拾取的岩渣通过数据综合处理系统分析获取其粒径大小、点荷载强度和表面节理特征等岩渣特征；
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明利用可伸缩机械抓手抓取岩渣并放入岩渣固定装置并利用岩渣固定装置将岩渣依次移动到岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、点荷载试验装置和岩渣收集装置进行相应操作，实现了岩渣的自动采集、清洗、烘干以及自动提取岩渣表面特征及岩渣点荷载强度的目的，解决了人工很难捡取传送带上符合试验要求的岩渣，并且不安全的问题，能够实时获取TBM掘进过程中岩渣粒径大小、节理及强度特征，以便于据岩渣特征来判断当前掘进面岩体变化情况，提高了试验装置的自动化程度以及试验结果的准确性。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明实施例提供的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置三维结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的点荷载试验装置结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的岩渣固定装置结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置内部结构示意图。
其中，1—可伸缩机械抓手；2—机械臂；3—旋转关节；4—第一高清摄像头；5—岩渣固定装置；6—岩渣清洗装置；7—岩渣烘干装置；8—岩渣拍照装置；9—点荷载试验装置；10—岩渣收集装置；11—电动液压柱；12—基座支撑杆；13—导轨；14—TBM传送带；15—第二高清摄像头；16—点荷载下锥头；17—千斤顶；18—点荷载上锥头；19—岩渣；20—承载盒；21—旋转连接杆；22—轮子；23—连接构件；24—丝网结构；25—第三高清摄像头；26—电热丝；27—高压喷射水头；28—照明装置；29—工业电脑。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在本发明中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本发明各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本发明中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固 定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本发明中的具体含义，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1和图4所示，本实施例的一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其包括：
可伸缩机械抓手1，其设置在导轨13一端，用于抓取岩渣19并放入岩渣固定装置5；导轨设置在TBM传送带14上方；导轨13上依次设置有岩渣固定装置5、岩渣清洗装置6、岩渣烘干装置7、岩渣拍照装置8、点荷载试验装置9和岩渣收集装置10；
所述岩渣固定装置可在导轨上自由移动，用于将岩渣运送到预设位置进行相应操作；所述岩渣清洗装置用于对运送的岩渣进行清洗操作；所述岩渣烘干装置用于对运送的岩渣进行烘干操作；所述岩渣拍照装置用于对运送的岩渣进行采集岩渣上下表面图像操作并传送至数据综合处理系统；所述点荷载试验装置用于对运送的岩渣岩渣进行压裂且采集岩渣点荷载强度并传送至数据综合处理系统；所述数据综合处理系统用于获取岩渣的形状、粒径以及点荷载强度指数等岩渣特征，以便于据岩渣特征来判断当前掘进面岩体变化情况；所述岩渣收集装置用于对点荷载试验装置处理后的岩渣进行收集。
在具体实施中，所述导轨13设置在基座上，所述设置在TBM传送带14上方。具体地，基座底部设置有基座支撑杆12，用于支撑基座。
具体地，所述基座由角钢或工字型钢构成，焊接于TBM传送带上方，为该试验装置其他部件提供支撑作用。
作为一种实施方式，所述可伸缩机械抓手1通过一侧电动液压柱11支撑悬 挂在TBM传送带14上方，电动液压柱11可上下伸缩。
具体地，所述可伸缩机械抓手1包括圆形抓手，圆形抓手用于抓取岩渣后通过关节旋转3和机械臂2收缩，实现机械抓手升降和左右摆动，将抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置5内，圆形抓手上方还设置有第一高清摄像机4，第一高清摄像机4用于拍摄传送带岩渣图像并传送至数据综合处理系统，进而对抓取的岩渣块体进行定位并操控可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上的岩渣。
如图3所示，所述岩渣固定装置包括移动小车，移动小车与承载盒20通过旋转连接杆21连接。移动小车底部设置有轮子22，轮子22可在导轨上自由运动。轮子22通过连接构件23构成移动小车的底盘，用于放置承载盒20。
在具体实施中，承载盒20为圆形承载盒；旋转杆连杆21可实现承载盒20上下翻转，岩渣固定装置5可在导轨上自由移动。
其中圆形承载盒侧壁为钢化玻璃或不锈钢材料制作成，底面为带网孔的网板或所述底板为丝网结构24，丝网结构24中的丝线直径为1～3mm，孔大小单向尺寸5～20mm。
具体地，岩渣清洗装置6、岩渣烘干装置7、岩渣拍照装置8、点荷载试验装置9外壳由不锈钢板或铁板拼装成，分别与基座焊接连接。
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣清洗装置6内部设置有高压喷射水头27；高压喷射水头设置在岩渣清洗和烘干装置内部上板内侧。
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣烘干装置7内部设置有电热丝26；电热丝设置在岩渣烘干装置内部下板内侧。
当岩渣固定装置按次序移动至岩渣清洗装置和岩渣烘干装置内部，高压喷射水头会自动打开，用于清洗岩渣表面灰尘，电热丝会将岩渣表面水分进行烘干。
作为一种实施方式，所述岩渣拍照装置内部上板和下板均安装第三高清摄像头25和照明装置28，用于获取岩渣上下表面图像。
如图2所示，所述点荷载试验装置包括点荷载上锥头18和点荷载下锥头16，所述荷载下锥头16设置在千斤顶17上，所述千斤顶与驱动机构相连，所述驱动机构用于驱动千斤顶垂直运动，进而带动点荷载下锥头垂直运动；点荷载上锥头18固定在点荷载试验装置9顶板内侧且与点荷载下锥头16相对设置。
所述点荷载试验装置9两侧还设置有第二高清摄像头15，所述点荷载上锥头内部安装有压力传感器，用于记录点荷载强度，所述点荷载下锥头内部安装有位移传感器，用于记录点荷载下锥头的移动距离；当岩渣固定装置搭载岩渣移动至点荷载试验装置内部，第二高清摄像头用于对岩渣位置进行定位，通过调整旋转连接杆使岩块中心位置处于点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头之间。
岩渣压裂后，两侧摄像头会对岩渣拍照，将岩渣图像传送至数据综合处理系统，通过深度学习对岩渣图像进行特征提取，获取岩渣通过加载点最小截面宽度W，获取岩石点荷载强度指数，公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020073540-appb-000001
其中I S为点荷载强度指数(Mpa)，P为破坏载荷(N)，D为加载点间距(mm)，W为通过加载点最小截面的宽度(mm)。
TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置还包括工业电脑，数据综合处理系统为工业电脑29的中央处理系统。
中央处理系统包括用于对岩渣图像进行处理的图像处理模块和用于对岩石数据处理的数据处理模块，
图像处理模块主要应用图像裁剪、边缘提取、滤波增强、深度学习等技术，提取岩渣图像中岩渣粒径大小和岩渣表面节理特征。
数据处理模块对获取的岩渣数据进行分析处理，得到岩渣点荷载强度指数，进而得到隧道掘进过程中前方掌子面岩石强度变化曲线图。
可以理解的是，工业电脑29包括显示界面，以显示图像处理模块对岩渣图像处理后的结果以及数据处理模块对岩石数据分析处理后结果，以便于本领域技术人员根据显示界面的显示结果来判断当前隧道掘进面岩体变化情况。
在上述实施例的基础上，机械抓手、岩渣固定装置、岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、岩渣点荷载试验装置、岩渣收集装置分别通过信号传输装置与工业电脑中央处理系统相连，实现工业电脑与试验装置数据传输，工业电脑包括参数设置模块，以通过参数设置模块设置各试验装置的工作参数，使各装置在相应的工作参数下工作。
本实施例的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置的试验方法，其包括：
1)对TBM传送带上岩渣位置进行确定，控制可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上相应岩渣，抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置；
2)岩渣固定装置在导轨上向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣清洗装置对岩渣表面灰尘清洗；
3)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣烘干装置对岩渣表面水分烘干，使岩渣保持自然状态含水率；
4)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣拍照装置对岩渣上下表面进行拍照，每块岩块至少拍4张照片，获取的岩渣图像实时传输至数据综合处理系统；
5)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到点荷载试验装置，对岩渣位置进行定位，调整承载盒两侧旋转杆使点荷载试验装置的点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头压在岩渣中心位置，点荷载下锥头向上移动直至岩渣压裂，记录岩渣压裂时强度及下锥头位移大小；
6)搭载断裂的岩渣离开点荷载试验装置，通过旋转承载盒将压裂后的岩渣倒入岩渣收集装置，载物车向后移动至导轨始端；
7)重复以上操作步骤，对拾取的岩渣通过数据综合处理系统分析获取其粒径大小、点荷载强度和表面节理特征等岩渣特征；
本实施例利用可伸缩机械抓手抓取岩渣并放入岩渣固定装置并利用岩渣固定装置将岩渣依次移动到岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、点荷载试验装置和岩渣收集装置进行相应操作，实现了岩渣的自动采集、清洗、烘干以及自动提取岩渣表面特征及岩渣点荷载强度的目的，解决了人工很难捡取传送带上符合试验要求的岩渣，并且不安全的问题，能够实时获取TBM掘进过程中岩渣粒径大小、节理及强度特征，感知掘进面前方岩体变化情况，提高了试验装置的自动化程度以及试验结果的准确性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，包括：
    可伸缩机械抓手，其设置在导轨一端，用于抓取岩渣并放入岩渣固定装置；导轨设置在TBM传送带上方；导轨上依次设置有岩渣固定装置、岩渣清洗装置、岩渣烘干装置、岩渣拍照装置、点荷载试验装置和岩渣收集装置；
    所述岩渣固定装置可在导轨上自由移动，用于将岩渣运送到预设位置进行相应操作；所述岩渣清洗装置用于对运送的岩渣进行清洗操作；所述岩渣烘干装置用于对运送的岩渣进行烘干操作；所述岩渣拍照装置用于对运送的岩渣进行采集岩渣上下表面图像操作并传送至数据综合处理系统；所述点荷载试验装置用于对运送的岩渣岩渣进行压裂且采集岩渣点荷载强度并传送至数据综合处理系统；所述数据综合处理系统用于得到岩渣形状及粒径大小、点荷载强度指数等岩渣特征；所述岩渣收集装置用于对点荷载试验装置处理后的岩渣进行收集。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述导轨设置在基座上，所述设置在TBM传送带上方；
    或所述岩渣清洗装置内部设置有高压喷射水头；
    或所述岩渣烘干装置内部设置有电热丝；
    或所述岩渣拍照装置内部上板和下板均安装第三高清摄像头和照明装置，用于获取岩渣上下表面图像。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述基座由角钢或工字型钢构成。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装 置，其特征在于，所述可伸缩机械抓手通过一侧电动液压柱支撑悬挂在TBM传送带上方，电动液压柱可上下伸缩。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述可伸缩机械抓手包括圆形抓手，圆形抓手用于抓取岩渣后通过关节旋转和机械臂收缩，实现机械抓手升降和左右摆动，将抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置内，圆形抓手上方还设置有第一高清摄像机，第一高清摄像机用于拍摄传送带岩渣图像并传送至数据综合处理系统，进而对抓取的岩渣块体进行定位并操控可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上的岩渣。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述岩渣固定装置包括移动小车，移动小车与承载盒通过旋转连接杆连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述点荷载试验装置包括点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头，所述荷载下锥头设置在千斤顶上，所述千斤顶与驱动机构相连，所述驱动机构用于驱动千斤顶垂直运动，进而带动点荷载下锥头垂直运动；点荷载上锥头固定在点荷载试验装置顶板内侧且与点荷载下锥头相对设置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述点荷载试验装置两侧还设置有第二高清摄像头，所述点荷载上锥头内部安装有压力传感器，用于记录点荷载强度，所述点荷载下锥头内部安装有位移传感器，用于记录点荷载下锥头的移动距离；当岩渣固定装置搭载岩渣移动至点荷载试验装置内部，第二高清摄像头用于对岩渣位置进行定 位，通过调整旋转连接杆使岩块中心位置处于点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头之间。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置，其特征在于，所述岩渣数据综合处理系统用于提取岩渣图像中岩渣粒径大小和岩渣表面节理特征，最终得到岩渣点荷载强度指数、岩渣粒径分布规律、岩渣节理裂隙等岩渣特征，据岩渣特征来判断当前掘进面岩体变化情况。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的TBM搭载式自动获取岩渣粒径及强度特征试验装置的试验方法，其特征在于，包括：
    1)对TBM传送带上岩渣位置进行确定，控制可伸缩机械抓手抓取传送带上相应岩渣，抓取的岩渣放入岩渣固定装置；
    2)岩渣固定装置在导轨上向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣清洗装置对岩渣表面灰尘清洗；
    3)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣烘干装置对岩渣表面水分烘干，使岩渣保持自然状态含水率；
    4)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到岩渣拍照装置对岩渣上下表面进行拍照，每块岩块至少拍4张照片，获取的岩渣图像实时传输至数据综合处理系统；
    5)岩渣固定装置继续向前移动，搭载岩渣移动到点荷载试验装置，对岩渣位置进行定位，调整承载盒两侧旋转杆使点荷载试验装置的点荷载上锥头和点荷载下锥头压在岩渣中心位置，点荷载下锥头向上移动直至岩渣压裂，记录岩渣压裂时强度及下锥头位移大小；
    6)搭载断裂的岩渣离开点荷载试验装置，通过旋转承载盒将压裂后的岩渣 倒入岩渣收集装置，载物车向后移动至导轨始端；
    7)重复以上操作步骤，对拾取的岩渣通过数据综合处理系统分析获取其粒径大小、点荷载强度和表面节理特征等岩渣特征。
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