WO2021114056A1 - Catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible et son procédé de préparation, électrode à membrane et pile à combustible - Google Patents

Catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible et son procédé de préparation, électrode à membrane et pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021114056A1
WO2021114056A1 PCT/CN2019/124139 CN2019124139W WO2021114056A1 WO 2021114056 A1 WO2021114056 A1 WO 2021114056A1 CN 2019124139 W CN2019124139 W CN 2019124139W WO 2021114056 A1 WO2021114056 A1 WO 2021114056A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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fuel cell
alloy nanoparticles
cathode catalyst
platinum alloy
platinum
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PCT/CN2019/124139
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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高正飞
王中奇
史曦伶
王恒
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青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/124139 priority Critical patent/WO2021114056A1/fr
Publication of WO2021114056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021114056A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell cathode catalyst and a preparation method thereof, a membrane electrode and a fuel cell.
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a fuel cell that converts chemical energy into electricity through cold combustion of hydrogen, with water as the only emission.
  • PEMFC is the core of hydrogen energy economy.
  • the cathode oxygen reduction reaction has a high overpotential and requires a precious metal platinum catalyst to achieve efficient use of hydrogen energy. Reducing the amount of platinum in the cathode catalyst is the key to achieving large-scale commercial applications of PEMFC.
  • the alloying of platinum with 3d transition metals has been proven to be an effective means to reduce the amount of platinum.
  • platinum alloy nanoparticles are deposited on a carbon support. However, in the traditional preparation method, the platinum alloy is not uniformly distributed on the carbon support, resulting in poor performance of the catalyst and limiting the application of this catalyst.
  • a preparation method of a fuel cell cathode catalyst includes the following steps:
  • the carbon carrier and the aqueous solution of the protective agent are uniformly mixed, and then platinum alloy nanoparticles are deposited to obtain a carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles; wherein the platinum alloy nanoparticles include platinum and at least one 3d transition metal; and
  • the temperature of the first heat treatment is 500°C to 1000°C, and the time is 2h-10h; the temperature of the second heat treatment is 100°C to 300°C, and the time is 2h-10h.
  • the protective agent is sodium acetate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
  • the molar ratio of the metal ions in the solution to the protective agent is 0.05 to 1.5.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles include a platinum alloy core and a platinum shell wrapped on the surface of the platinum alloy core;
  • the thickness of the platinum shell is 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm;
  • the platinum alloy core accounts for 40% to 75% of the platinum alloy nanoparticles by mass
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles are selected from at least one of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles, platinum-nickel alloy nanoparticles and platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles;
  • the mass fraction of the platinum alloy nanoparticles in the cathode catalyst of the fuel cell is 30%-50%;
  • the molar ratio of platinum to 3d transition metal is 1:3 to 5:1.
  • the operation of performing the first heat treatment on the carbon support deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles is:
  • the carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles is uniformly mixed with a nitrogen-containing compound, and then heat treated in an inert gas atmosphere at 500°C to 1000°C for 2h-10h to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles.
  • the mass fraction of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped carbon carrier is 1%-30%
  • the size of the nitrogen-doped carbon support is 100 nm to 25 ⁇ m, and the specific surface area of the nitrogen-doped carbon support is 200 m 2 /g to 1500 m 2 /g.
  • the temperature of the first heat treatment is 600°C to 800°C and the time is 2h-6h; the temperature of the second heat treatment is 150°C to 250°C and the time is 1h-8h.
  • a fuel cell cathode catalyst is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • a membrane electrode is also provided, including the above-mentioned fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • a fuel cell is also provided, including the above-mentioned membrane electrode.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles are deposited after the carbon support and the protective agent are uniformly mixed, and the first heat treatment, acid treatment and second heat treatment are carried out in sequence. After the second heat treatment, in the fuel cell cathode catalyst obtained, platinum alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the carbon support, and the fuel cell cathode catalyst has good catalytic activity, which is favorable for application.
  • the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared by the above preparation method has excellent catalytic activity and stability, and is beneficial to industrial application.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a fuel cell cathode catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Example 2 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared in Example 2;
  • TEM 4 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1.
  • the inventor of the present invention discovered during the research that the performance of the fuel cell catalyst is mainly affected by the surface structure and composition distribution of the catalyst, and the main obstacle to its progress is that it is difficult to achieve precise regulation of element distribution at the nano-level.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a fuel cell cathode catalyst, which improves the catalytic activity of the fuel cell cathode catalyst by improving the uniformity of the dispersion of platinum alloy nanoparticles on the carbon carrier.
  • a method for preparing a fuel cell cathode catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the carbon support includes but is not limited to conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, mesoporous carbon, carbon spheres, or graphene.
  • step S10 after the aqueous solution of the carbon carrier and the protective agent are mixed, the uniform dispersion of the two can be achieved by means such as stirring, ultrasonic dispersion and the like.
  • the protective agent is sodium acetate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Tests have shown that these kinds of protective agents can improve the uniformity of the dispersion of platinum alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support, thereby improving the catalytic activity of the fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • the protective agent is sodium acetate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • the protective agent is first dissolved in water, and then the carbon carrier is added to the aqueous solution of the protective agent and mixed uniformly. Experiments have proved that this is more beneficial to improve the uniformity of the dispersion of platinum alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support.
  • the molar ratio of the metal ions in the solution to the protective agent is 0.05 to 1.5. Tests have proved that after the metal ions and the protective agent in the above proportion are evenly mixed, the dispersion uniformity of the platinum alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support is improved, thereby improving the catalytic activity of the fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • step S10 the operation of depositing platinum alloy nanoparticles is: adding the platinum precursor and at least one 3d transition metal precursor to the dispersion of the carbon carrier and the protective agent, mixing uniformly, and then adding the reducing agent to fully react to obtain .
  • the purpose of adding the reducing agent is to reduce the metal salt.
  • the reducing agent may be sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid or citric acid, for example.
  • the 3d transition metal refers to the metal in which the last electron of the atom is arranged on the 3d orbital.
  • metals such as cobalt, nickel, and iron.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles include a platinum alloy core and a platinum shell wrapped on the surface of the platinum alloy core.
  • the thickness of the platinum shell is 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm.
  • the platinum alloy core accounts for 40%-75% of the platinum alloy nanoparticles by mass.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles are selected from at least one of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles, platinum-nickel alloy nanoparticles and platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles further include one or two of manganese, iridium, rhodium, niobium and zirconium.
  • the particle size of platinum alloy nanoparticles ranges from 3 nm to 6 nm.
  • the mass fraction of platinum alloy nanoparticles in the cathode catalyst of the fuel cell is 30%-50%.
  • the molar ratio of platinum to the 3d transition metal is 1:3 to 5:1. Tests have proved that this is beneficial to improve the stability of the catalyst.
  • the operation of performing the first heat treatment on the carbon support deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles is:
  • the carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles is uniformly mixed with a nitrogen-containing compound, and then heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere at 500°C to 1000°C for 2h-10h to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment can obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier loaded with platinum alloy nanoparticles.
  • the introduction of nitrogen atoms into the sp2 hybrid structure can not only greatly improve the electronic properties, surface alkalinity and other physical and chemical properties of the carbon material, but also the nitrogen-containing groups can increase the active sites of the carbon material surface to adsorb metal particles, and Stabilize the metal nanoparticles, thereby facilitating the acquisition of highly dispersible metal-supported catalysts.
  • the step of uniformly mixing the carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles and the nitrogen-containing compound it further includes a step of acid-treating the carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles.
  • the purpose is to activate the carbon support and platinum alloy particles simultaneously and consume 3d transition metals.
  • the mass fraction of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped carbon carrier is 1%-30%;
  • the size of the nitrogen-doped carbon support is 100 nm-25 ⁇ m, and the specific surface area of the nitrogen-doped carbon support is 200 m 2 /g-1500 m 2 /g.
  • the stability of the carbon support can be optimized under the premise of ensuring the catalyst loading.
  • step S20 acid treatment refers to immersing the nitrogen-doped carbon carrier deposited with platinum alloy nanoparticles in an acid solution, and then taking it out after maintaining it for a period of time. Among them, the process of soaking can be stirred.
  • the acid treatment is beneficial to consume the 3d transition metal on the surface of the platinum alloy nanoparticles and improve the stability of the alloy catalyst.
  • the acid used in the acid treatment is preferably at least one of acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and perchloric acid.
  • the pH of the acid treatment environment is less than 1
  • the temperature of the acid treatment is 50°C to 80°C
  • the time of the acid treatment is 1 hour to 12 hours.
  • the surface defects of the catalyst can be reduced, and the distribution of platinum on the surface of the catalyst can be increased, making it easier to combine with the nitrogen-doped carbon support, thereby improving stability.
  • Both the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment can be performed in an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the first heat treatment is 600°C to 800°C and the time is 2h-6h; the temperature of the second heat treatment is 150°C to 250°C and the time is 1h-8h.
  • the platinum alloy nanoparticles are deposited after the carbon support and the protective agent are mixed uniformly, and the first heat treatment, acid treatment and second heat treatment are carried out in sequence. After the second heat treatment, in the fuel cell cathode catalyst obtained, platinum alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the carbon support, and the fuel cell cathode catalyst has good catalytic activity, which is favorable for application.
  • the fuel cell cathode catalyst of one embodiment is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared by the above preparation method has excellent catalytic activity and stability, and is beneficial to industrial application.
  • the membrane electrode of one embodiment includes the above-mentioned fuel cell cathode catalyst.
  • the fuel cell of one embodiment includes the above-mentioned membrane electrode.
  • the dried powder was heat-treated for the first time at 400°C for 2 hours, and the system was allowed to cool naturally after the end.
  • Prepare 10ml sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.5mol/L add it to the flask, place it in a 70°C oil bath for acid treatment for 24h, after the reaction is over, wash with deionized water by centrifugation, and finally place it in a vacuum drying oven to dry.
  • the dried powder was placed at 400° C. for a second heat treatment for 2 hours, and the system was naturally cooled after the end, and the fuel cell cathode catalyst of Example 1 was obtained.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the protective agent is CTAB (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), and the added amount is 75 mg.
  • CTAB hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
  • the dried powder was heat-treated for the first time at 700°C in an ammonia atmosphere for 4 hours, after which the system was allowed to cool naturally.
  • Prepare 10ml of sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.5mol/L add it to the flask, and place it in a 70°C oil bath for acid treatment for 2h. After the reaction is over, wash with deionized water by centrifugation, and finally place it in a vacuum drying oven to dry.
  • the dried powder was placed at 250° C. for a second heat treatment for 1 hour, and the system was left to cool naturally after the end, and the fuel cell cathode catalyst of Example 3 was obtained.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the temperature of the first heat treatment is 600°C and the time is 3 hours; the temperature of the second heat treatment is 150°C and the time is 1 hour.
  • Example 5 Membrane Electrode (MEA)
  • Cathode ink preparation Add 400mg of the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared in Example 1 into a glass bottle, mix well with 10g deionized water (Milli-Q), 15mg isopropanol (IPA), 4.5ml 5wt% Nafion solution (D520) , Get the cathode ink.
  • Anode ink preparation The HiSPEC4000 catalyst produced by Johnson Matthey is prepared into a uniform suspension using a method similar to the above.
  • MEA preparation (CCM mode): Using ultrasonic spraying equipment (USI product, Prism 4000 type), the above cathode ink and anode ink are respectively coated on both sides of the proton exchange membrane (Nafion 212), the area of the catalyst layer is 5cm 2 , quantitative controls were anode Pt loading 0.1mg / cm 2, the cathode 0.4mg / cm 2.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no sodium acetate is added.
  • Example 1 The fuel cell cathode catalysts prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4 were obtained, respectively. From the comparison of Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, it can be seen that in the fuel cell cathode catalyst prepared in Example 1 and Example 2, platinum nickel nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the carbon support, indicating that the preparation method of the present application improves The uniformity of the platinum alloy nanoparticles on the carbon support is described.
  • Example 1 The fuel cell cathode catalysts of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for electrochemical surface area, specific activity, mass activity and stability respectively.
  • the test process is as follows:
  • the CV test conditions 0.1M HClO4 electrolyte of a saturated aqueous solution of N 2, with respect to The potential range of the reversible hydrogen electrode is 0.05V ⁇ 1.1V, and the scanning speed is 100mV/s; the oxygen reduction test condition is that the electrolyte is a 0.1M HClO 4 aqueous solution saturated with O 2 and the potential range of the reversible hydrogen electrode is 0.05V ⁇ 1.1V. The scanning speed is 20mV/s.
  • the fuel cell cathode catalysts of Example 1 and Example 2 have higher electrochemical surface area, specific activity, mass activity and stability. It shows that in the fuel cell cathode catalysts of Example 1 and Example 2, the platinum alloy nanoparticles supported on the surface of the carbon support are more stable and arranged more regular, so that the catalytic activity and stability are both better.

Abstract

Catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible et son procédé de préparation, électrode à membrane et pile à combustible. Le procédé de préparation du catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible comprend les étapes suivantes consistant à : mélanger uniformément un support de carbone avec une solution aqueuse d'un agent protecteur, puis déposer des nanoparticules d'alliage de platine pour obtenir un support de carbone déposé avec les nanoparticules d'alliage de platine, les nanoparticules d'alliage de platine comprenant du platine et au moins un métal de transition 3d ; et soumettre le support de carbone déposé avec les nanoparticules d'alliage de platine à un premier traitement thermique, à un traitement à l'acide et à un second traitement thermique de manière séquentielle pour obtenir le catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible, le premier traitement thermique ayant une température de 500 °C à 1000 °C et une durée de 2 à 10 h, et le second traitement thermique ayant une température de 100 °C à 300 °C et une durée de 2 à 10 h. Par le biais de tests, on a découverte que, dans le catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible obtenu à l'aide du procédé précité pour préparer un catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible de la présente invention, les nanoparticules d'alliage de platine sont uniformément dispersées sur le support de carbone, et l'activité catalytique du catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible est relativement bonne, de telle sorte que cela facilite l'application.
PCT/CN2019/124139 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Catalyseur de cathode de pile à combustible et son procédé de préparation, électrode à membrane et pile à combustible WO2021114056A1 (fr)

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CN114335577A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种改性催化剂、膜电极及其制备方法和燃料电池
CN114927708A (zh) * 2022-05-06 2022-08-19 青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司 一种用作氢燃料电池阴极的铂锰合金催化剂的制备方法
CN115188976A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-10-14 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 一种锌空气电池阴极催化剂及其制备方法
CN116666671A (zh) * 2023-05-24 2023-08-29 一汽解放汽车有限公司 核壳结构铂基催化剂及其制备方法和应用

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WO2019179530A1 (fr) * 2018-03-22 2019-09-26 苏州天际创新纳米技术有限公司 Catalyseur d'alliage à base de platine et son procédé de préparation, électrode à membrane et pile à combustible

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US20090227445A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Hyundai Motor Company Method of preparing platinum alloy catalyst for fuel cell electrode
CN102430413A (zh) * 2011-10-08 2012-05-02 南京师范大学 一种空心结构PtNi合金/石墨烯复合纳米催化剂及其制备方法
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CN114335577A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种改性催化剂、膜电极及其制备方法和燃料电池
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CN115188976A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-10-14 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 一种锌空气电池阴极催化剂及其制备方法
CN116666671A (zh) * 2023-05-24 2023-08-29 一汽解放汽车有限公司 核壳结构铂基催化剂及其制备方法和应用

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