WO2021099603A1 - Précipitateur électrostatique - Google Patents

Précipitateur électrostatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021099603A1
WO2021099603A1 PCT/EP2020/082959 EP2020082959W WO2021099603A1 WO 2021099603 A1 WO2021099603 A1 WO 2021099603A1 EP 2020082959 W EP2020082959 W EP 2020082959W WO 2021099603 A1 WO2021099603 A1 WO 2021099603A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
emission
row
counter
electrodes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/082959
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roman Kraus
Jan-Arne KÖNIG
Original Assignee
Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh filed Critical Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh
Priority to EP20812241.6A priority Critical patent/EP4061536A1/fr
Publication of WO2021099603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021099603A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B03C3/64—Use of special materials other than liquids synthetic resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/02—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure
    • F01M13/021—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure
    • F01M2013/027—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure with a turbo charger or compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0466—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with electrostatic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0488—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with oil trap in the return conduit to the crankcase
    • F01M2013/0494—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with oil trap in the return conduit to the crankcase using check valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical separator for separating liquid and / or solid particles from a gas flow, preferably from a blow-by gas from a crankcase ventilation in an internal combustion engine.
  • Separators in particular oil separators, are known in the prior art. There are generally two types of separators, namely passive separators and active separators. With passive separators, no additional energy is introduced into the system in order to remove the particles from the gas flow. Active separators are characterized by the fact that additional energy is used to separate the particles from the gas flow. For example, an electrodeposition system is known in which particles located in the gas flow are electrically charged so that they can be attracted to a surface of opposite polarity and then deposited. In the case of oil separators in particular, the oil particles are returned to the oil circuit and the cleaned gas flow is returned to the intake air of the internal combustion engine.
  • Such an electrostatic precipitator is known, for example, from WO 2016/147 127 Ai.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises a multiplicity of emission electrodes, by means of which a direct voltage which exceeds the breakdown voltage can be generated for the formation of a stable low-energy plasma, and a multiplicity of counter electrodes which are assigned to the emission electrodes.
  • the needle-shaped emission electrodes are each assigned to a counter electrode in such a way that the emission electrodes are positioned essentially vertically above the counter electrodes are.
  • the counter-electrodes have a curved plateau area that merges into a flat web section, which in turn is connected to a frame structure that connects a number of counter-electrodes and on which the counter-electrodes are arranged at a distance from one another, distributed along the direction of flow of the gas flow.
  • An electrostatic precipitator is known from DE 10033642 Ci.
  • the electrostatic precipitator consists of a pipe through which the gas to be cleaned flows in the longitudinal direction and the inner wall of which forms a counter electrode for the particles to be separated.
  • An emission electrode within the tube creates a high voltage electric field to electrically charge and attract the particles to the counter electrode.
  • a cleaning body is provided which moves relative to the needles Contact with these forms in order to free the emission electrode needles from the deposits.
  • the complexity of the cleaning system according to DE 10033642 Ci has proven to be disadvantageous. Furthermore, the separate cleaning mechanism is prone to failure.
  • One object of the present invention is to improve the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide an electrostatic precipitator which is structurally simple to implement and which generates a uniform electric field, in particular reducing, in particular avoiding, contamination of the emission electrodes.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas of a crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine.
  • blow-by gases arise between a working piston and a cylinder in which the working piston is accommodated in a crankcase interior of the internal combustion engine.
  • so-called blow-by gases also occur between the cylinder and the cylinder head and / or between the cylinder head and the cylinder head cover of an internal combustion engine, such as a reciprocating piston engine.
  • blow-by gases usually also contain combustion gases and unburned fuel components, which can have negative effects on the function of the internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure increase caused by the blow-by gas flow in the crankcase is reduced, preferably avoided, by means of a crankcase ventilation which is coupled to the fresh air supply of the internal combustion engine by means of a line system.
  • an electrical separator according to the invention can be arranged, in particular such that the combustion gases and / or blow-by gas flow comprising unburned fuel components is fed to the electrostatic precipitator, in which a separation, in particular oil separation, of liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, takes place, so that the separated particles are discharged separately from the gas flow and the preferably cleaned gas flow can be fed to the fresh air supply without damaging the internal combustion engine.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is preferably an active separation device in which, as already stated above, additional energy is introduced into the separation system.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention can be used in air treatment devices, for example, for treating, in particular cleaning and / or freeing viruses, humidifying and / or washing air.
  • Air treatment devices can have numerous areas of application, for example in medical technology or in the health industry, especially in medical practices, isolation rooms, sick rooms, intensive care units or clean rooms, in private households, especially in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens or children's rooms, in public or industrial buildings such as museums, theaters, Clear government buildings or offices, and / or in mobility, for example for cleaning vehicle interiors, especially for taxis, rental cars or vehicle sharing concepts.
  • the air treatment devices are free-standing devices and / or small electrical devices that can be placed on the floor in buildings or rooms or on shelves such as tables.
  • the air to be treated can for example be provided with solid and / or liquid particles, in particular impurities, which can be at least partially separated from the air by means of the air treatment device.
  • the air to be treated is in particular air that is present in closed rooms and / or buildings, such as room air, and with which people can come into direct contact.
  • the air treatment device is an electric device and / or a floor-standing device that can be set down or set up in buildings or in rooms or which can be integrated into a room and / or building ventilation system, such as a vehicle interior ventilation system.
  • the air treatment device can be designed as a stand-alone device, in particular stand-alone device, it is also possible to integrate the air treatment device in ventilation systems, extractor hoods or other ventilation systems assigned to a room, a building or a room in a vehicle.
  • the air treatment device can have exemplary dimensions in the range from 100 mm to 500 mm in height x 50 mm to 300 mm in width x 50 mm to 300 mm in depth.
  • the air treatment device can be able to free the air from liquid particles, such as fat or oil particles, as well as fine dust solid particles, even for solid particle concentrations in the microgram per cubic meter range.
  • the device is able to comply with the fine dust limit values, with a fine dust limit value PM10 of 40 micrograms per cubic meter being achievable, for example.
  • Fine dust particles are understood to be particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works essentially according to the following principle: release of electrical charges, especially electrons; Charging the particles in an electric field; Transport of the electrically charged particles to an opposite pole; Discharging the charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises an emission electrode with an elongated shaft and a counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can be insulated from one another and / or each can be made from one piece.
  • the emission electrode also called a spray electrode, essentially serves to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole.
  • There is an electrical high voltage at the emission electrode and the counter electrode can be applied so that an electrical high-voltage field can be generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the space formed between the emission electrode and the counter electrode can be referred to as a separation space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the emission electrode and the counter electrode, so that a high voltage field is generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is preferably operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • the breakdown voltage also called flashover voltage, is the voltage that must be exceeded in order for a voltage breakdown through a material or substance, e.g. B. an insulator, or gas.
  • the principle of charge generation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization.
  • Liquid particles such as oil particles
  • a preferably cleaned gas flow such as a clean air gas flow
  • several emission electrodes preferably in the range from 10 to 200 emission electrodes, in particular in the range from 20 to 150 emission electrodes, and several counter electrodes are provided, with one emission electrode each being one counter electrode facing and assigned, so that the electrical high-voltage field can be generated between each Emissionsei ektroden-counterelectrode pair.
  • the present invention also covers embodiments in which a positive electroemission electrode / a positive corona / positively charged charges are used instead of the negative emission electrode / the negative corona / the negatively charged charges. To avoid repetition, the description of the invention is limited to the design of the negative emission electrode.
  • the shaft has a preferably constant, essentially cylindrical cross section with a shaft diameter of at least 0.2 millimeters and at most 1 millimeter.
  • the shaft diameter is approximately 0.4 millimeters.
  • the emission electrode can be formed in such a way that the essentially cylindrical, elongated shaft is not pointed, but has a straight end face at which the electrons leave the emission electrode. Contrary to the general prejudice to continue to reduce the shaft diameter of emission electrodes, the inventors of the present invention have found that a minimum diameter of 0.2 millimeters is necessary in order to generate a uniform electric field and / or to ensure uniform ignition of the emission electrodes .
  • emission electrode shaft diameters that are too thin tend to form deposits on the thin emission electrode tips which then define a new tip radius which is larger than the original tip radius of the emission electrodes.
  • the corona inception voltage increases at these emission electrodes and an unequal ignition ratio develops between the emission electrodes.
  • the maximum diameter of 1 millimeter is also necessary in order to ensure uniform ignition of the emission electrodes and / or to form a uniform electric field. Because with shaft diameters of over 1 millimeter, it was found that the deposits on the shaft tips increasingly adhere to the tips and there is no longer any self-cleaning effect.
  • the above-specified range of the shaft diameter is considered to be the optimum with regard to an equalization of the electrical field within the separation chamber of the electrostatic precipitator and / or in Regarding the equalization of the ignition behavior of the individual emission electrodes found out.
  • the shaft is flattened at an end on the counter-electrode side, tapers in particular conically towards a tip or has a counter-electrode-side end that is curved towards the counter-electrode.
  • a radius of curvature can be in the range of at least 0.2 millimeters and at most 1 millimeter and / or about 0.4 millimeters.
  • the emission electrode is made from a sheet metal or an endless blank, such as an endless wire, preferably from a particularly blow-by gas-resistant metal, such as stainless steel, titanium, tungsten, aluminum chromide, nickel or also from an electrical one -Conductive plastic material or from an electrical insulator, which is mixed with electrically conductive particles.
  • a particularly blow-by gas-resistant metal such as stainless steel, titanium, tungsten, aluminum chromide, nickel or also from an electrical one -Conductive plastic material or from an electrical insulator, which is mixed with electrically conductive particles.
  • At least one shaft end, in particular the shaft end on the counter-electrode side, has broken off or sheared off. In this way, the emission electrode can be manufactured particularly inexpensively.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas of a crankcase ventilation Internal combustion engine, provided.
  • blow-by gases arise between a working piston and a cylinder in which the working piston is accommodated in a crankcase interior of the internal combustion engine.
  • so-called blow-by gases also occur between the cylinder and the cylinder head and / or between the cylinder head and the cylinder head cover of an internal combustion engine, such as one Reciprocating engine.
  • blow-by gases usually also contain combustion gases and unburned fuel components, which can have negative effects on the function of the internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure increase caused by the blow-by gas flow in the crankcase is reduced, preferably avoided, by means of a crankcase ventilation which is coupled to the fresh air supply of the internal combustion engine by means of a line system.
  • an electrical separator according to the invention can be arranged, in particular such that the blow-by gas flow comprising combustion gases and / or unburned fuel components is fed to the electrical separator, in which a separation, in particular oil, of liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, so that the separated particles can be removed from the gas flow and the preferably cleaned gas flow can be fed to the fresh air supply without damaging the internal combustion engine.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is preferably an active separation device in which, as already stated above, additional energy is introduced into the separation system.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention can be used in air treatment devices, for example, for treating, in particular cleaning and / or freeing viruses, humidifying and / or washing air.
  • Air treatment devices can have numerous areas of application, for example in medical technology or in the health industry, especially in medical practices, isolation rooms, sick rooms, intensive care units or clean rooms, in private households, especially in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens or children's rooms, in public or industrial buildings such as museums, theaters, Clear government buildings or offices, and / or in mobility, for example for cleaning vehicle interiors, especially for taxis, rental cars or vehicle sharing concepts.
  • the air treatment devices are free-standing devices and / or small electrical devices that can be placed on the floor in buildings or rooms or on shelves such as tables.
  • the air to be treated can, for example, with solid and / or liquid particles, in particular impurities, which can be at least partially separated from the air by means of the air treatment device.
  • the air to be treated is in particular air that is present in closed rooms and / or buildings, such as room air, and with which people can come into direct contact.
  • the air treatment device is an electric device and / or a floor-standing device that can be set down or set up in buildings or in rooms or which can be integrated into a room and / or building ventilation system, such as a vehicle interior ventilation system.
  • the air treatment device can be designed as an independent device, in particular a floor-standing device, it is also possible to integrate the air treatment device in ventilation systems, extractor hoods or other ventilation systems assigned to a room, a building or a room in a vehicle.
  • the air treatment device can have exemplary dimensions in the range from 100 mm to 500 mm in height x 50 mm to 300 mm in width x 50 mm to 300 mm in depth.
  • the air treatment device can be able to free the air from liquid particles, such as fat or oil particles, as well as fine dust solid particles, even for solid particle concentrations in the microgram per cubic meter range.
  • the device is able to comply with the fine dust limit values, with a fine dust limit value PM10 of 40 micrograms per cubic meter being achievable, for example.
  • Fine dust particles are understood to be particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works essentially according to the following principle: release of electrical charges, especially electrons; Charging the particles in an electric field; Transport of the electrically charged particles to an opposite pole; Discharging the charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention comprises an emission electrode with an elongated shaft and a counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can each be made from one piece.
  • the emission electrode also called a spray electrode, essentially serves to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole.
  • An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrode and the counter electrode, so that an electrical high voltage field can be generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the space formed between the emission electrode and the counter electrode can be referred to as a separation space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the emission electrode and the counter electrode, so that a high voltage field is generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is preferably operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • the breakdown voltage also called flashover voltage, is the voltage that must be exceeded in order for a voltage breakdown through a material or substance, e.g. B. an insulator, or gas.
  • the principle of charge generation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization.
  • a so-called corona field strength is exceeded, electrons emerge from the emission electrode and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, whereby a so-called negative corona is formed. Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electrostatic field of the corona, so that a gas discharge can occur. When they hit gas molecules, further electrons can be split off or attach to the gas molecules. The negative charges then move in the direction of the oppositely charged counter electrode. When a particle-charged gas flow enters, the negatively charged charges attach to the particles.
  • the negatively charged particles migrate transversely to the direction of flow of the gas flow in the direction of the counter electrode, where they can release their charge again.
  • Liquid particles such as oil particles, can then flow off or off the counter electrode. drip off and are thereby separated from the gas flow, while a preferably cleaned gas flow, such as a clean air gas flow, can leave the electrostatic precipitator again.
  • emission electrodes preferably in the range from 10 to 200 emission electrodes, in particular in the range from 20 to 150 emission electrodes, and several counter electrodes are provided, with one emission electrode each facing and assigned to a counter electrode so that between each Emissionsei ektroden-counterelectrode pair the electrical high voltage field can be generated.
  • the emission electrode is held by a carrier in such a way that the shaft protrudes from the carrier by at least 0.5 millimeters and preferably 8 millimeters.
  • the carrier can have an electrical conductivity of less than 10 ⁇ 8 S * cm ⁇ 1 .
  • the carrier can furthermore be made of a fluid-impermeable material, so that it is ensured in particular that fluid particles of the gas stream flowing through the electrostatic precipitator cannot leave the separation space via the carrier.
  • the carrier has an essentially flat surface facing the counter electrode, which can delimit the separation space of the electrostatic precipitator at least in some areas.
  • the carrier in particular its surface facing the separation space, is dimensioned such that, in the event that several emission electrodes are provided to form an emission electrode field, it is dimensioned larger than an outer circumferential dimension of the emission electrode field.
  • a plurality of emission electrodes of the emission electrode field can be evenly distributed along the flat extension of the surface of the carrier, wherein in particular two emission electrodes spaced apart from one another can each have the same distance from one another.
  • the carrier can comprise plastic, preferably thermoset plastic, and / or potting compound, such as epoxy resin or silicone.
  • the carrier can be implemented by a circuit board.
  • the carrier equipped with the emission electrode in particular that with the emission electrode equipped circuit board, in a housing of the electrostatic precipitator that is made, for example, of a blow-by gas-resistant material, such as. B. polyamide, is inserted, and then potted with a potting compound.
  • a blow-by gas-resistant material such as. B. polyamide
  • the advantage of encapsulating the emission electrodes is that it is possible to save on an additional production step for sealing and / or blow-by-tight and / or blow-by-resistant insertion or integration of the emission electrodes in the electrodeposition housing.
  • the emission electrode can be preassembled on a printed circuit board.
  • the emission electrode is dimensioned and encapsulated by cast carrier material such that the shaft protrudes by at least 0.5 millimeters and preferably 8 millimeters from the carrier after the cast carrier material has solidified.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that an optimum can be achieved with regard to the avoidance of contamination and / or deposits.
  • a shaft length must not be chosen too large, so that the emission electrodes do not protrude too far into the separation space in order to keep a non-active, separation-free area within the separation space as small as possible.
  • the shaft length should not be too short, since deposits accumulating on the emission electrode ends, in particular shaft tips, otherwise tend to migrate along the emission electrode shaft to the carrier and accumulate there.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas from a crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine.
  • blow-by gases arise between a working piston and a cylinder in which the working piston is accommodated in a crankcase interior of the internal combustion engine.
  • blow-by gases also occur between the cylinder and the cylinder head and / or between the cylinder head and the cylinder head cover of an internal combustion engine, such as a reciprocating piston engine.
  • blow-by gases usually also contain combustion gases and unburned fuel components, which can have negative effects on the function of the internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure increase caused by the blow-by gas flow in the crankcase is reduced, preferably avoided, by means of a crankcase ventilation which is coupled to the fresh air supply of the internal combustion engine by means of a line system.
  • an electrical separator according to the invention can be arranged, in particular such that the blow-by gas flow comprising combustion gases and / or unburned fuel components is fed to the electrical separator, in which a separation, in particular oil, of liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, so that the separated particles can be removed from the gas flow and the preferably cleaned gas flow can be fed to the fresh air supply without damaging the internal combustion engine.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is preferably an active separation device in which, as already stated above, additional energy is introduced into the separation system.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention can be used in air treatment devices, for example, for treating, in particular cleaning and / or freeing viruses, humidifying and / or washing air.
  • Air treatment devices can have numerous areas of application, for example in medical technology or in the health industry, especially in medical practices, isolation rooms, sick rooms, intensive care units or clean rooms, in private households, especially in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens or children's rooms, in public or industrial buildings such as museums, theaters, To vacate government buildings or offices, and / or in mobility, For example, for cleaning vehicle interiors, especially for taxis, rental cars or vehicle sharing concepts.
  • the air treatment devices are free-standing devices and / or small electrical devices that can be placed on the floor in buildings or rooms or on shelves such as tables.
  • the air to be treated can for example be provided with solid and / or liquid particles, in particular impurities, which can be at least partially separated from the air by means of the air treatment device.
  • the air to be treated is in particular air that is present in closed rooms and / or buildings, such as room air, and with which people can come into direct contact.
  • the air treatment device is an electric device and / or a floor-standing device that can be set down or set up in buildings or in rooms or which can be integrated into a room and / or building ventilation system, such as a vehicle interior ventilation system.
  • the air treatment device can be designed as an independent device, in particular a floor-standing device, it is also possible to integrate the air treatment device in ventilation systems, extractor hoods or other ventilation systems assigned to a room, a building or a room in a vehicle.
  • the air treatment device can have exemplary dimensions in the range from 100 mm to 500 mm in height x 50 mm to 300 mm in width x 50 mm to 300 mm in depth.
  • the air treatment device can be able to free the air from liquid particles, such as fat or oil particles, as well as fine dust solid particles, even for solid particle concentrations in the microgram per cubic meter range.
  • the device is able to comply with the fine dust limit values, with a fine dust limit value PM10 of 40 micrograms per cubic meter being achievable, for example.
  • Fine dust particles are understood to be particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises a plurality of emission electrodes which are arranged in a row, preferably transversely to the direction of flow of the gas stream.
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can each be made from one piece.
  • the direction of flow of the gas flow generally means the main orientation of the gas flow through the electrostatic precipitator between an entry into and an exit from the electrostatic precipitator, whereby it is clear that local turbulence can certainly occur within the electrostatic precipitator, in particular within the separation space in the area of the high-voltage electrical field and / or deflections of the gas flow can occur, so that local deviations from the main flow direction of the gas flow can occur.
  • the plurality of emission electrodes can be evenly distributed, in particular two adjacent emission electrodes being arranged at the same distance from one another, in particular being equidistant from one another.
  • the plurality of emission electrodes are preferably arranged in series in such a way that a connecting line between the plurality of emission electrodes runs in a straight line.
  • the emission electrodes also called spray electrodes, essentially serve to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole. An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrodes and the counter electrode, so that an electrical high voltage field can be generated between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the space formed between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode can be referred to as the separation space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode, so that a high voltage field is generated between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is preferably located below the breakdown or Flashover voltage operated.
  • the breakdown voltage also called flashover voltage, is the voltage that must be exceeded in order for a voltage breakdown through a material or substance, e.g. B. an insulator, or gas.
  • the principle of charge generation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization.
  • a so-called corona field strength is exceeded, electrodes emerge from the emission electrode and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, whereby a so-called negative corona is formed. Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electrostatic field of the corona, so that a gas discharge can occur. When they hit gas molecules, further electrons can be split off or attach to the gas molecules. The negative charges then move in the direction of the oppositely charged counter electrode. When a particle-charged gas flow enters, the negatively charged charges attach to the particles.
  • the negatively charged particles migrate in the direction of the counter electrode, where they can release their charge again.
  • Liquid particles such as oil particles, can then flow off or drip off the counter electrode and thereby be separated from the gas flow, while a preferably cleaned gas flow, such as a clean air gas flow, can leave the electrostatic precipitator again.
  • a distance between two adjacent emission electrodes is in the range from 3 mm to preferably 15 mm, preferably in the range from 4 mm to 10 mm.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the fact that essentially the same electrical potential is applied to the respective emission electrodes, but the greatest possible local potential difference to the respective surroundings of the individual emission electrodes is advantageous for igniting the individual emission electrodes.
  • the minimum distance provided according to the invention between two adjacent emission electrodes ensures reliable ignition of the emission electrodes.
  • the above-described maximum distance of 15 mm between two adjacent emission electrodes is selected in such a way that a reliable Ignition is realized, but the separation rate of the electrostatic precipitator is kept high. This is because it has been found that if the distance between the individual emission electrodes is too great, areas arise where no particle separation occurs, in particular so-called separation-free zones are produced.
  • a difference between the electrical field strengths applied to two adjacent emission electrodes is less than 10%, preferably less than 8%, or less than 5%.
  • At least two arrays of several emission electrodes are provided.
  • the multiple emission electrodes per array can be arranged in a row, preferably transversely to the direction of flow of the gas flow.
  • the distance between two adjacent emission electrodes of the same array and between two adjacent emission electrodes of different arrays is in the range from 3 mm to 15 mm, preferably in the range from 4 mm to 10 mm.
  • the emission electrodes of two adjacent arrays are offset from one another transversely to the direction of flow, in particular the emission electrodes of a downstream array being positioned essentially halfway between two adjacent emission electrodes of the upstream array with respect to the emission electrodes of a more upstream array.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas from a crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine.
  • blow-by gases arise between a working piston and a cylinder in which the working piston is accommodated into a crankcase interior of the internal combustion engine.
  • blow-by gases also occur between the cylinder and the cylinder head and / or between the cylinder head and the cylinder head cover of an internal combustion engine, such as a reciprocating piston engine.
  • blow-by gases usually also contain combustion gases and unburned fuel components, which can have negative effects on the function of the internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure increase caused by the blow-by gas flow in the crankcase is reduced, preferably avoided, by means of a crankcase ventilation which is coupled to the fresh air supply of the internal combustion engine by means of a line system.
  • an electrical separator according to the invention can be arranged, in particular such that the blow-by gas flow comprising combustion gases and / or unburned fuel components is fed to the electrical separator, in which a separation, in particular oil, of liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, so that the separated particles can be removed from the gas flow and the preferably cleaned gas flow can be fed to the fresh air supply without damaging the internal combustion engine.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is preferably an active separation device in which, as already stated above, additional energy is introduced into the separation system.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention can be used in air treatment devices, for example, for treating, in particular cleaning and / or freeing viruses, humidifying and / or washing air.
  • Air treatment devices can have numerous areas of application, for example in medical technology or in the health industry, especially in medical practices, isolation rooms, sick rooms, intensive care units or clean rooms, in private households, especially in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens or children's rooms, in public or industrial buildings such as museums, theaters, Clear government buildings or offices, and / or in mobility, for example for cleaning vehicle interiors, especially for taxis, rental cars or vehicle sharing concepts.
  • the air treatment devices are free-standing devices and / or small electrical devices that can be placed on the floor in buildings or rooms or on shelves such as tables.
  • the air to be treated can for example be provided with solid and / or liquid particles, in particular impurities, which can be at least partially separated from the air by means of the air treatment device.
  • the air to be treated is in particular air that is present in closed rooms and / or buildings, such as room air, and with which people can come into direct contact.
  • the air treatment device is an electric device and / or a floor-standing device that can be set down or set up in buildings or in rooms or which can be integrated into a room and / or building ventilation system, such as a vehicle interior ventilation system.
  • the air treatment device can be designed as an independent device, in particular a floor-standing device, it is also possible to integrate the air treatment device in ventilation systems, extractor hoods or other ventilation systems assigned to a room, a building or a room in a vehicle.
  • the air treatment device can have exemplary dimensions in the range from 100 mm to 500 mm in height x 50 mm to 300 mm in width x 50 mm to 300 mm in depth.
  • the air treatment device can be able to free the air from liquid particles, such as fat or oil particles, as well as fine dust solid particles, even for solid particle concentrations in the microgram per cubic meter range.
  • the device is able to comply with the fine dust limit values, with a fine dust limit value PM10 of 40 micrograms per cubic meter being achievable, for example.
  • Fine dust particles are understood to be particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises a plurality of emission electrodes which are arranged in a row, preferably transversely to the direction of flow of the gas stream.
  • the direction of flow of the gas flow generally means the main orientation of the gas flow through the electrostatic precipitator between an entry into and an exit from the electrostatic precipitator, whereby it is clear that local turbulence can certainly occur within the electrostatic precipitator, in particular within the separation space in the area of the high-voltage electrical field and / or deflections of the gas flow can occur, so that local deviations from the main flow direction of the gas flow can occur.
  • the plurality of emission electrodes can be evenly distributed, in particular two adjacent emission electrodes being arranged at the same distance from one another, in particular being equidistant from one another.
  • the plurality of emission electrodes are preferably arranged in series in such a way that a connecting line between the plurality of emission electrodes runs in a straight line.
  • the emission electrodes also called spray electrodes, essentially serve to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole.
  • An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrodes and the counter electrode, so that an electrical high voltage field can be generated between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the space formed between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode can be referred to as the separation space.
  • an electrical high voltage is applied between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode, so that a high voltage field is generated between the emission electrodes and the counter electrode.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is preferably operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • breakdown voltage also flashover voltage called, that voltage is referred to, which must be exceeded so that a voltage breakdown through a material or a substance, z. B. an insulator, or gas.
  • the principle of charge generation on which the electrostatic precipitator is based can be impact ionization. When a so-called corona field strength is exceeded, electrodes emerge from the emission electrode and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, whereby a so-called negative corona is formed.
  • Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electrostatic field of the corona, so that a gas discharge can occur. When they hit gas molecules, further electrons can be split off or attach to the gas molecules. The negative charges then move in the direction of the oppositely charged counter electrode. When a particle-charged gas flow enters, the negatively charged charges attach to the particles. As a result of the electrical force of the applied direct voltage field transversely to the direction of flow of the gas flow, the negatively charged particles migrate in the direction of the counter electrode, where they can release their charge again.
  • Liquid particles such as oil particles
  • a preferably cleaned gas flow such as a clean air gas flow
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can each be made from one piece.
  • the shaft of each emission electrode is dimensioned in such a way and / or a distance between two adjacent emission electrodes is selected such that the electric field generated by the emission electrodes in the region of a shaft end of the emission electrodes on the opposite electrode side is essentially the same.
  • the shaft of each emission electrode and / or a distance between two adjacent emission electrodes can be matched to the position of the respective emission electrode along the row of several emission electrodes in such a way that the electric field generated by the emission electrodes in the area of a shaft end of the emission electrodes on the opposite electrode side is essentially the same is.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that a increased contamination situation on the outer emission electrodes, especially in the area of a beginning and an end of the emission electrode row, since in a center of the emission electrode row between the beginning and the end of an emission electrode row the individual emission electrodes mutually influence each other more strongly and thus the electric field of the neighboring emission electrode change. This results in uneven ignition between the adjacent emission electrodes in an emission electrode row. It was found that the emission electrodes close to the edge are influenced less strongly due to the lack of further emission electrode neighbors or due to the smaller number of neighboring emission electrodes, which means that the effectiveness of the emission electrodes near the edge is higher and a higher degree of pollution occurs there .
  • the row of several emission electrodes has a beginning and an end, one emission electrode being provided in particular for each beginning and end.
  • the row start and row end-side emission electrodes in particular the emission electrodes near the edge with respect to an emission electrode row, have a larger diameter than emission electrodes located between them, in particular row-centered emission electrodes.
  • the diameter of the emission electrodes decreases from the beginning of the row to the middle of the row, preferably continuously and / or in steps and / or increases continuously and / or in steps from the middle of the row to the end of the row. Due to this structural variation of the individual emission electrodes of an emission electrode row, the electric field of an emission electrode row can be standardized.
  • the shaft of the plurality of emission electrodes has a counter-electrode-side end which can face the counter-electrode.
  • the end on the opposite electrode side can for example be curved towards the counter electrode.
  • the row of several emission electrodes can have a beginning and an end, with one emission electrode being provided for each beginning and end, for example, which form the beginning and end.
  • the row beginning and row end side emission electrode ends have a larger radius of curvature than row central emission electrode ends. It can be provided that the radius of curvature of the emission electrode ends decreases continuously and / or in steps from the beginning of the row to the middle of the row and / or increases continuously and / or in steps from the middle of the row to the end of the row.
  • the row of several emission electrodes has a beginning and an end, it being possible for an emission electrode to be arranged at the beginning and at the end.
  • emission electrodes on the beginning and end of the row protrude further from a carrier holding the emission electrodes, which can be configured, for example, analogously to the above-described embodiments and exemplary developments, than emission electrodes lying in between, in particular in the middle of the row.
  • the board of the emission electrodes decreases continuously and / or in steps from the beginning of the row to the middle of the row and / or increases continuously and / or in steps from the middle of the row to the end of the row.
  • the shaft comprises stainless steel, titanium, tungsten, nickel, an aluminum-chromium alloy or a combination thereof and / or an oil-resistant material, in particular plastic.
  • the shaft is made from an electrically conductive plastic. Furthermore, the shaft can be made of an electrical insulation material and mixed with electrically conductive particles, which preferably ensure a minimum electrical conductivity. According to an exemplary development of the present invention, the shaft is provided with a non-stick layer at least in some areas. The non-stick layer can provide a self-cleaning effect and / or better deposit removal.
  • the non-stick layer comprises plastic, preferably fluorine-based plastic, in particular PTFE, FEP and / or PFA, and / or a thermoplastic plastic, preferably PEEK.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas of a crankcase ventilation, an internal combustion engine provided.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works essentially according to the following principle: release of electrical charges, especially electrons; Charging the particles in an electric field; Transport of the electrically charged particles to an opposite pole; Discharging the charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises an emission electrode and a counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can be insulated from one another and / or each can be made from one piece.
  • the emission electrode also called a spray electrode, essentially serves to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole.
  • An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrode and the counter electrode, so that an electrical high voltage field can be generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the counter electrode has a receiver surface facing the emission electrode for receiving electrically charged particles.
  • the receiver surface is curved in the direction of the emission electrode and goes all the way round continuously into a separation surface of the counter-electrode facing away from the emission electrode.
  • the receiver surface and / or the transition between receiver surface and separation surface are / is formed in such a way that flow obstacles such as edges, a collection point such as tubs are avoided.
  • the counter electrode can extend along the row of emission electrodes, preferably in a straight line.
  • the counter electrode can have a cross section with a receiver surface facing the emission electrodes for receiving electrically charged particles, which is curved in the direction of the emission electrode row.
  • the cross section of the counter electrode is constant along its longitudinal extent, at least in the region of the receiver surface.
  • the counter electrode can be offset with respect to the emission electrode, preferably in or against the flow direction of the gas flow, in such a way that there is an angle between the direction of gravity and a shortest distance between the counter electrode and emission electrode.
  • an electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles, such as oil particles, from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas of a crankcase ventilation Internal combustion engine, provided.
  • the electrostatic precipitator works essentially according to the following principle: release of electrical charges, especially electrons; Charging the particles in an electric field; Transport of the electrically charged particles to an opposite pole; Discharging the charged particles at the opposite pole; and removing the particles from the opposite pole.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises an emission electrode and a counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode and the emission electrode can be insulated from one another and / or each can be made from one piece.
  • the emission electrode also known as the spray electrode called, essentially serves to emit, preferably negatively charged, particles.
  • the counter electrode also called the collecting electrode, forms the opposite pole.
  • An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrode and the counter electrode, so that an electrical high voltage field can be generated between the emission electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the high voltage is in the range of 8-20 kV, preferably in the range of 10-16 kV or in the range of 11-14 kV.
  • the counter electrode has a receiver surface facing the emission electrode for receiving electrically charged particles.
  • the receiver surface is at least partially provided with a non-stick layer.
  • the non-stick layer can be designed, for example, to reduce frictional resistance between the particles hitting the receiver surface and the receiver surface.
  • the non-stick layer reduces the adhesive force between the receiver surface and the electrically charged particles, which can also be referred to as filter residues.
  • the non-stick layer is offset with electrically conductive particles at least in some areas and / or at certain points and / or has a layer thickness of less than 200 nm.
  • the measure according to the invention brings about an increase in the deposition rate.
  • the electrically conductive particles can be embedded in the non-stick layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of the formation of blow-by gases and the installation situation of electrical precipitators according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an electric separator according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a section of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed side view of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a section of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a detailed side view of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIGS. 5 and 6;
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a section of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 shows a detailed side view of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIGS. 8 to
  • Figure li shows a schematic front view of a section of an electrical separator according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a section of the electrostatic precipitator according to FIG. 12.
  • an inventive electrostatic precipitator for separating liquid and / or solid particles from a gas flow, in particular from a blow-by gas from a crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine, is generally provided with the reference number 1.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic principle sketch of the exemplary installation situation of inventive electrical separators 1 in a crankcase ventilation system 100.
  • the crankcase ventilation system 100 comprises a crankcase 103 with a flow outlet opening 105 through which blow-by gas can exit from the crankcase 103, and one with the flow outlet opening 105 fluidly associated electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the fluidic connection between electrostatic precipitator 1 and flow outlet opening 105 can be made via a pipeline system, such as an outlet line 107, which connects the flow outlet opening 105 of the crankcase 103 with a flow inlet opening 109 of the electrostatic precipitator 1 connects.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 can be mounted on the crankcase 103 (not shown) in such a way that the flow inlet opening 109 corresponds to the flow outlet opening 105 of the crankcase 103.
  • the arrow with the reference number 111 indicates that blow-by gas can flow from the crankcase 103 into the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • FIG. 1 also shows an example of the generation of blow-by gas and the general installation situation of the electric separator 1.
  • An internal combustion engine 113 is shown, which is fluidly coupled to a fresh air supply 115, an exhaust gas discharge 117 and the crankcase ventilation system 100.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 comprises a cylinder head 119, a cylinder 121 and the crankcase 103.
  • a piston 123 is axially guided in the cylinder 121 and delimits a displacement 125 from a crankcase interior 127. Sealing rings, not shown, are provided between piston 123 and cylinder 122 to seal the displacement 125 from the crankcase interior 127. Nonetheless, combustion gases and / or unburned gases flow between piston 123 and cylinder 121 from displacement 125 into crankcase interior 127. The resulting gas flow is also referred to as blow-by gas flow and includes combustion gases and unburned fuel components in addition to air and oil .
  • the crankcase ventilation 100 includes in particular the fluid coupling of the flow outlet opening 105 and the flow inlet opening 109 of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is also fluidly connected to the crankcase 103 via a return line 129 for allowing separated particles such as oil to flow back.
  • the return line 129 fluidly connects a return outlet 131 of the electrostatic precipitator 1 to a return inlet 133 of the crankcase 103.
  • a return line 135 Downstream of the electrostatic precipitator 1, a return line 135 also fluidly connects the electrostatic precipitator 1 to the fresh air supply 115 in order to supply the fresh air supply 115 with a gas stream that has been cleaned of particles.
  • the resulting fresh air stream 137 which can be a mixture of the cleaned gas stream coming from the electrostatic precipitator 1 and a gas stream sucked in from the environment and cleaned by means of an air filter 139, is compressed via a compressor wheel 141 and via a charge air cooler 143 and a throttle valve 145 to the internal combustion engine 113 supplied via the cylinder head 119. Combustion gases which do not get into the crankcase 103 between piston 123 and cylinder 121 are passed into the environment as exhaust gas 147 via an exhaust gas discharge (not shown).
  • the installation situation of the electrical separator 1 according to the invention in the case of use as an oil separator in the internal combustion engine is not limited to the installation situation shown in FIG.
  • the electrostatic precipitator can also be used to separate particles from gas streams which emerge from the internal combustion engine 113 between cylinder 121 and cylinder head 119 and / or between cylinder head 119 and cylinder head cover.
  • Another possible area of application is the fresh air supply 115 and / or the exhaust gas discharge 117, which can be fluidly coupled to one another in particular via the compressor wheel 141 and the shaft connecting the turbine wheel (not shown).
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention can also be used in air treatment devices, for example for treating, in particular cleaning and / or freeing viruses, humidifying and / or washing air.
  • the air treatment device is fluidly connected to the air from the environment, so that the air to be treated can get into the air treatment device from the environment, where it can be fed to an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention and then returned to the environment after being cleaned.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is shown according to a first embodiment in FIGS.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 comprises a housing 5 defining or delimiting a separation space 3, which has a floor 7, a roof 9 opposite the floor 7 and two opposite side walls 11, 13 each connecting the floor 7 to the roof 9.
  • a gas stream 17, for example blow-by gas from a crankcase ventilation enters the separation chamber 3 via an inlet opening 15.
  • the outlet opening 19 is arranged opposite the inlet opening 15, via which the gas flow 17, which is then referred to as the cleaned gas flow 21 is, the separation chamber 3 can leave again.
  • the housing 5 delimiting the separation space 3 is not restricted to a specific geometry, but according to FIGS. 2 to 10 it is formed as a hollow pipe section with a substantially rectangular cross section.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 further comprises a plurality of emission electrodes 23 and a plurality of counter electrodes 25.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 comprises 6 counter electrodes 25.
  • An electrical high voltage can be applied to the emission electrodes 23 and the counter electrodes 25, so that between the emission electrodes 23 and an electric high-voltage field can be generated or generated by the counter electrodes 25.
  • the counter-electrodes 25 are implemented in sections as essentially straight rods or tubes, the longitudinal direction of which, indicated by the reference number Q, is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the main flow direction S of the entering and flowing gas flow 17.
  • the counter electrodes 25 are designed essentially the same and are arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of flow S.
  • the rod section 29 of the counter-electrodes 25, which extends essentially in a straight line, is adjoined at both ends by a curved section 31, which is preferably made in one piece with the rod section 29, the rod section 29 essentially free of edges, protrusions and / or steps into the curved section 31 transforms.
  • the curved section 31 finally opens into the bottom 7 of the housing 5.
  • the curved section 31 forms an angle of curvature of over 90 °, so that a connection point 33 of the counter electrode 25 with the bottom 7 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the counter electrode 25 is offset in the transverse direction Q inward with respect to an outermost point of curvature 35 of the curved section 31.
  • the counter electrode 25 comprises a receiver surface 37 facing the emission electrodes 23 for receiving electrically charged particles from the gas flow 17.
  • the receiver surface 37 is curved in the direction of the emission electrodes 23 and continuously merges circumferentially into a separation surface 39 facing away from the emission electrode 23.
  • the preferred shape of the counter electrodes 25 as Essentially fully cylindrical rods or tubes make it possible for the separated particles which strike the receiver surface 37 to leave the receiver surface 37 everywhere without any obstacles, in particular to run off or drip off it and reach the separation surface 39.
  • the counter electrodes 25 extend with a substantially constant cross section and a receiver surface 37 curved in the direction of the emission electrodes 23 transversely to the flow direction S in the flow direction Q and with a separation surface 39 essentially facing away from the emission electrodes 23, which is inclined opposite to the receiver surface with preferably the same radius of curvature is.
  • FIG. 3 it can be seen that two groups of three counter-electrodes 25 each arranged at a constant distance from one another are provided.
  • a group of emission electrodes 23 is assigned to each of the two groups of counter electrodes 25.
  • the emission electrodes 23 have a substantially elongated, needle-like shape and extend from the housing roof 9 substantially in a straight line and in the gravitational direction G into the separation space 3 and in the direction of the counter electrodes 25.
  • the two groups of emission electrodes 23 each have two arrays of emission electrodes 23, which are arranged in a row transversely to the flow direction S of the gas flow 117 and are spaced apart from one another.
  • a free space 41 is formed between the respective groups of emission electrodes 23 or counter-electrodes 25, which, viewed in flow direction S, is dimensioned larger than a respective distance between two adjacent counter-electrodes 25 or emission-electrode rows 23.
  • FIG. 4 which shows a side view of the electrostatic precipitator 1 according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a further aspect of the present invention is shown.
  • the individual rod-shaped or tubular counter-electrodes 25 extend essentially completely in a straight line in the transverse direction Q.
  • the emission electrodes 23 have an essentially cylindrical, elongated shaft 43, which merges into a funnel-shaped or conical tip 45 at which electrons leave the emission electrodes 43.
  • the rows of emission electrodes 23 formed in the transverse direction Q are each of this type Positioned with respect to the counter-electrodes 25 and offset in the flow direction S with respect to the counter-electrodes 25, that an angle a exists between the gravitational direction G and a shortest distance, which is indicated by the reference symbol a, between the counter-electrode 25 and the emission electrode 23.
  • the emission electrode needle tips 45 thus each point into a free space existing between two adjacent counter-electrodes 25. Due to the offset between emission electrodes 23 and counter-electrodes 25 in flow direction S, a so-called diarrhea sector is formed between two adjacent counter-electrodes 25, into which the deposits loosening from the emission electrodes 23 can pass the counter-electrodes.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 A further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention is explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. Identical or similar components are provided with the same or similar reference numerals. To avoid repetition, only the differences resulting from the comparison with the first embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4 will be discussed.
  • the main difference of the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7 lies in the structure of the counter electrodes 25.
  • the counter electrodes 25 extend with a substantially constant cross section and a receiver surface 37 curved in the direction of the emission electrodes 23 transversely to flow direction S in flow direction Q and with a separation surface 39 essentially facing away from emission electrodes 23.
  • the counter-electrodes 25 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7 do not have a curved section 31 at the ends to form ground contact or connection point 33 with the ground 7 is bent or curved. In particular, it can be seen in FIG.
  • the essentially fully cylindrical rod-shaped or tubular counter-electrodes 25 are rounded at both opposite ends, with hemispherical end sections 47 being formed.
  • the tube sections 29 merge into the ball end sections 47 without any edges, protrusions and / or steps.
  • a radius of curvature of the end section 47 of curvature can essentially correspond to the radius of curvature of the tube section 29 of the counter electrode 25.
  • the counter-electrodes each have two feet 49, which extend from an underside of the counter-electrodes 25, that is, from the separation surfaces 39, essentially in the gravitational direction G in the direction of the base 7 of the housing 5 and provide base support or contact with the base.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 A further exemplary embodiment is described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. Identical or similar components are provided with the same or similar reference numerals. To avoid repetition, the differences that arise in relation to the preceding explanations in accordance with FIGS. 1 to 7 are essentially discussed.
  • the main difference of the embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10 lies in the design of the counter-electrodes 25.
  • the counter-electrodes 25 of a group of counter-electrodes 25 are made as separate components
  • the counter-electrodes combine 25 of FIGS. 8 to 10, by means of a serpentine structure, three counter-electrode segments, which are each formed by the essentially fully cylindrical tube sections 29, in one component; that is, the serpentine counter electrodes 25 are made in one piece.
  • the counter-electrodes 25 have a support foot 51 close to the flow inlet, which has an essentially cylindrical cross-section and merges continuously, without edges, protrusions or interruptions, into an angle piece 53, which again without interruptions, in particular without edges and / or protrusions, into a tube section 29 the counter electrode 25 passes over, which extends in the transverse direction Q, as described in relation to the preceding explanations.
  • the tube portion 29th of the tread base 51 opens the tube portion 29 in a U-piece 55 by means of which an inversion is realized by 180 0, so that again a tube section 29 results, which extends in the transverse direction Q through the separation chamber 3 .
  • the structure of the counter-electrodes 25 is essentially the same, with the difference that two adjacent tube sections 29, which are essentially relevant for the separation of particles, are connected to one another by means of a U-piece 55 and are therefore not separate counter-electrode sections. Elements 25 acts.
  • the emission electrodes 23 are arranged in relation to the serpentine counter-electrode groups 25 in such a way that the emission electrodes 23 are offset in relation to the transverse direction Q to the U-pieces 55, so that in relation to the transverse direction Q too considered outermost emission electrodes 23 and the U-pieces 55 an angle ⁇ with respect to the gravitational direction G and a shortest distance between emission electrode tip 45 and U-piece 55 exists.
  • a central tube section 29 adjoining the upstream tube section 29 opens at one of its end again into a 180 ° U-piece 55, so that, starting from the U-piece 55, a straight downstream tube section 29 with the same cross-section and orientation emerges results. With respect to the transverse direction Q, this opens into an angle piece 53 at the level of the U-piece 55, a transition again being realized without interruption, which finally merges into a support foot 51.
  • the downstream group of counter electrodes 25 is again formed by an identical serpentine counter electrode unit 25.
  • the upstream counter electrode element 25 of the downstream counter electrode group is arranged with respect to the upstream counter electrode group in such a way that the upstream contact foot 51 of the downstream counter electrode group is positioned on the same side with regard to the transverse direction Q as the downstream contact foot 51 of the upstream counter electrode group.
  • the electrical high voltage between emission electrode 23 and counter electrode 25 is discussed schematically with reference to FIG.
  • the application of an electrical high voltage is indicated schematically by the two poles 57, 59.
  • the way in which electrodeposition works is discussed in more detail below. Due to the electrical high voltage that is applied across poles 57, 59, a high voltage field is formed between emission electrode 23 and counter electrode 25.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is preferably operated below the breakdown or flashover voltage.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 can be operated in such a way that, as shown in FIG. 11, electrons emerge from the emission electrode 23 and interact with the surrounding gas molecules, creating a negative corona, which is indicated in FIG , results. Free electrons present in the gas are strongly accelerated in the electric field of the corona 61, so that a gas discharge can occur. When they hit gas molecules, further electrons can be split off or attach to the gas molecules.
  • the negative charges then move in the direction of the oppositely charged counterelectrons 25 with respect to the emission electrodes 23, forming an umbrella-like or cone-like curtain forming an ionization region 63 (also called an ion cloud).
  • the curtain-like ionization region 63 closes, as shown in FIG can be seen, essentially completely circumferentially around the receiver surface 37, which faces the emission electrode 23.
  • the negatively charged particles from the gas flow migrate transversely to the flow direction S of the gas flow in the direction of the receiver surface 37, by which they are attracted, on which they impinge and on which they release their charge again.
  • the liquid particles such as oil particles, then flow circumferentially from the receiver surface 37 due to its concavely curved shape and can then drip off the counter electrode 25 and / or migrate further along the outside of the counter electrode 25 to the separation surface 39, which faces away from the emission electrode and is curved in the direction away from the emission electrode 23, specifically with the same radius of curvature as the receiver surface 37.
  • the counter electrode 25 according to the exemplary embodiments has a circular shape.
  • particles 65 are shown schematically, which are from the gas flow and have migrated along the receiver surface 37 up to the deposition surface 39 on the outside of the counter electrode 25.
  • FIGS. A further exemplary embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS.
  • the same or similar components are provided with the same or similar reference numbers.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to FIGS. 12 to 13 comprises a housing 67 which has an inlet channel or inlet channel section 69 for introducing a gas flow 17 into the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the introduction channel 69 is formed as an essentially internally cylindrical pipe section in which a flow direction of the raw gas flow 17 is oriented essentially perpendicular to the main flow S within the separation space 3 of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the direction of flow in FIG. 12 is only to be understood as an example. It is also possible for the flow to be introduced via the channel section denoted by the reference number 73 and discharged via the channel section denoted by the reference number 69.
  • the housing 67 comprises a further outlet channel section 73, which is formed essentially identically to the channel section 69 and via which the cleaned gas flow can be discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the housing 67 can be formed, for example, from two housing halves 75 and 77 to be fastened to one another, the upper housing half 75 forming the cover and the lower housing half 77 forming the base.
  • a counter electrode 25 designed as a flat plate is arranged on the bottom housing part 77.
  • the plate-like counter electrode 25 is arranged in an elevated manner with respect to the surrounding inner surface 79 of the base housing part 77.
  • Particles separated from the gas flow are attracted to the counter electrode 25 and can drain or drip from it and removed by means of a particle or fluid drain 81 connected to a bypass channel (not shown) and, for example, fed back into a corresponding fluid circuit.
  • a particle or fluid drain 81 connected to a bypass channel (not shown) and, for example, fed back into a corresponding fluid circuit.
  • the separated oil particles can be fed back into the oil circuit in the crankcase 103.
  • an emission electrode field 23 is provided, which is arranged on an inner side 83 of the cover housing part 75.
  • the individual emission electrodes 23 extend from the inside 83 essentially in the gravitational direction G in the direction of the plate counterelectrode 25.
  • FIG Emission electrodes 23 the direction of extent of the individual rows lying essentially parallel to one another. Looking at FIGS. 12 and 13 together, in which only the upper housing part 75 is shown for the sake of simplified illustration, it can be seen that the flat extension of the flat plate-like counterelectrode 25 is larger than
  • the individual emission electrodes 23 of an emission electrode row are arranged at a regular, constant distance from one another.
  • an emission electrode length 1 is at least 2 mm and preferably at most 8 mm.
  • a distance x between two adjacent emission electrodes 23 is in the range from 3 mm to preferably 15 mm, at least with regard to one row of emission electrodes.
  • the emission electrodes 23 of two adjacent rows of emission electrodes are offset from one another in the transverse direction Q so that, for example, one emission electrode 23 is positioned halfway between two adjacent emission electrodes 23 of an upstream row of emission electrodes.
  • the emission electrodes 23 can be held by a carrier with an electrical conductivity of less than 10 ⁇ 8 S * cm 1 .
  • the carrier 85 can, for example, form the underside 83 of the upper housing part 75.
  • the carrier 85 comprises plastic, preferably thermosetting plastic and / or potting compound, such as epoxy resin or silicone.
  • the upper housing part 75 has on an inner side on which the carrier 85 is also arranged, adjacent to the carrier 85, flow guides 87, 89, on which the fluid flow is deflected.
  • the Flow guide 87 is assigned to the inlet channel section 69 and the flow guide 89 is assigned to the outlet channel section 73.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un précipitateur électrostatique destiné à séparer des particules liquides et/ou solides d'un flux gazeux, en particulier d'un gaz de fuite d'un dispositif de ventilation de carter de vilebrequin, d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant une électrode d'émission pourvue d'une tige allongée et une contre-électrode, auxquelles peut être appliquée une haute tension électrique, de sorte qu'un champ électrique à haute tension peut être généré entre l'électrode d'émission et la contre-électrode, la tige présentant une section transversale sensiblement cylindrique, de préférence constante, d'un diamètre de tige d'au moins 0,2 mm et de 1 mm maximum.
PCT/EP2020/082959 2019-11-22 2020-11-20 Précipitateur électrostatique WO2021099603A1 (fr)

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DE102019008139.0A DE102019008139A1 (de) 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Elektroabscheider

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DE102021119742A1 (de) 2021-07-29 2023-02-02 Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg Luftbehandlungsvorrichtung und -system mit Elektroabscheidefunktion und Zyklongeometrie

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US20160096183A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-07 Mgi Coutier Device for separating oil drops in a mixture of gas and oil and a separation method implementing such a separator device
US20160221004A1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2016-08-04 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Electrostatic collector
DE102015104168A1 (de) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Verunreinigungen

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DE29905302U1 (de) * 1999-03-23 1999-06-17 Hengst Walter Gmbh & Co Kg Elektro-Abscheidevorrichtung
US20050095182A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-05-05 Sharper Image Corporation Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices with electrically conductive foam emitter electrode
US20130056241A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Tessera, Inc. Emitter wire with layered cross-section
DE102011053578A1 (de) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh Gegenelektrode und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Verunreinigungen mit einer solchen Gegenelektrode
WO2015082522A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 Thomas Mayer Chambre de traitement d'air comprimé
DE202017107148U1 (de) * 2017-11-24 2019-02-27 Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh Abscheidevorrichtung

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DE3324803A1 (de) * 1983-07-09 1985-01-17 Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh - Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Staubabscheidegeraet
US20160221004A1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2016-08-04 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Electrostatic collector
US20160096183A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-07 Mgi Coutier Device for separating oil drops in a mixture of gas and oil and a separation method implementing such a separator device
DE102015104168A1 (de) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Verunreinigungen

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