WO2021098660A1 - 一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置及实验方法 - Google Patents

一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置及实验方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021098660A1
WO2021098660A1 PCT/CN2020/129201 CN2020129201W WO2021098660A1 WO 2021098660 A1 WO2021098660 A1 WO 2021098660A1 CN 2020129201 W CN2020129201 W CN 2020129201W WO 2021098660 A1 WO2021098660 A1 WO 2021098660A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
execution
control
cavity
arm
experimental
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PCT/CN2020/129201
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟志强
鲍宇
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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Publication of WO2021098660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021098660A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds
    • A01K1/0356—Feeding or drinking devices associated with cages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
    • A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of animal behavior research, in particular to an animal search memory behavior experimental device and an experimental method.
  • the prior art does not propose a behavioral device that can accurately quantify the search memory of animals.
  • Most of the existing devices can only perform qualitative analysis. Such analysis results are not accurate and cannot well reflect the animal’s hearing and behavior. Therefore, the function of the temporal lobe of the corresponding brain area of the animal cannot be analyzed well.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a behavioral experimental device for searching memory for animals, which can better quantify the behavioral ability of searching memory for animals, so as to more accurately analyze the functions of the temporal lobe of the corresponding brain area.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose a behavioral experimental method for searching memory in animals, which can better quantify the behavioral ability of searching and memory in animals, so as to more accurately analyze the functions of the temporal lobe of the corresponding brain area.
  • a behavioral experiment device for searching memory for animals comprising: a housing in which an experiment cavity and a food cavity are separately arranged, and the experiment cavity is separately arranged with a control cavity and an execution cavity, the control A plurality of control feeding ports are provided on the bottom wall of the cavity, and the plurality of control feeding ports are respectively communicated with the food cavity, and the bottom wall of the execution cavity is provided with a plurality of execution feeding ports, A plurality of the execution feeding openings are respectively connected with the food cavity, and the housing is provided with two hand extending openings, and the two hand extending openings are respectively arranged corresponding to the control cavity and the execution cavity;
  • the control light-shielding plate is slidably arranged on the housing, and the control light-shielding plate is used to shield the control cavity;
  • the execution light-shielding plate is slidably arranged on the On the housing, the execution light shield is used to shield the execution cavity; a detection component, the detection component is configured to detect whether the control light shield blocks the control cavity
  • one of the control flaps has a different color from the other control flaps; execute the flip, the execution
  • the execution There are a plurality of flaps, each of the execution flaps corresponds to a setting of the execution feeding port, the colors of the plurality of execution flaps are the same, and the distribution mode of the plurality of execution flaps is the same as that of the control flap
  • the distribution direction is the same;
  • the control component includes a timing unit configured to record the first time period from the removal of the control light shield to the removal of the execution light shield, and to record the removal of the execution light shield to The second time length of the experimental animal's arm extending into the hand-extension port and the third time length of the experimental animal's arm extending into the hand-extension port until the experimental animal's arm extending into the execution feeding port are recorded.
  • the detection assembly includes: a first detection component, the first detection components are two, and the two first detection components are respectively provided in the control cavity and the execution cavity.
  • one of the first detection components is configured to detect whether the execution light shielding plate blocks the execution cavity
  • the other of the first detection components is configured to detect whether the control light shielding plate blocks the execution cavity.
  • control cavity second detection element, the second detection element is two, each of the second detection element is provided on the inner wall of the hand opening, the second detection element is configured to detect the experiment Whether the animal’s arm passes through the hand opening; a third detection element, there are multiple third detection elements, each of the third detection elements is provided on the inner wall of one of the feeding openings, and the first The three detection pieces are configured to determine whether the arm of the experimental animal passes through the feeding port.
  • the timing unit includes: a first timer, the first timer records that the first detection element detects that the control light shield is separated from the control cavity to another The first detection element detects that the execution light shielding plate is separated from the execution cavity for the first time period; and the second timer records all the detection elements detected by the first detection element.
  • the execution light shielding plate is separated from the execution cavity until the second detection element detects that the experimental animal’s arm passes through the handout opening for a second time period; a third timer, the third timer Record the length of time from the second detection element detecting that the experimental animal's arm passes through the handout opening to the third detection element detecting that the experimental animal's arm passes through the executing feeding port as the third time period .
  • control component includes a reset button, and the reset button is electrically connected to the first timer, the second timer, and the third timer.
  • the detection component further includes indicator lights, the indicator lights are multiple, and the multiple indicator lights are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple third detection elements, and each of the The indicator light is electrically connected with the third detection component.
  • control feeding port and the execution feeding port are arranged in rows.
  • a behavioral experimental method for searching memory for animals is carried out using the aforementioned behavioral experimental device for searching memory for animals, and the behavioral experimental method for searching memory for animals includes the following steps;
  • S4 Record the third time period from when the experimental animal's arm extends into the handout opening to when the experimental animal's arm extends into the execution feeding opening.
  • step S2 the control light-shielding plate is installed while the execution light-shielding plate is removed, so that the light-shielding plate shields the control cavity.
  • step S3 after the execution light shielding plate is removed for the first preset time period, and the arm of the experimental animal still does not pass through the hand opening, the experiment is stopped.
  • step S4 after the arm of the experimental animal passes through the mouth for a second preset period of time, the arm of the experimental animal does not reach into the feeding mouth, then The experiment stopped.
  • the control component can record the first time period from the removal of the control light shield to the removal of the execution light shield, and the second time from the removal of the execution light shield to the point where the experimental animal’s arm extends into the mouth And the third period of time between the arm of the experimental animal reaching into the mouth of the hand to the arm of the experimental animal reaching into the feeding mouth, the whole behavioral experiment of searching memory is divided into observation and control flap distribution, arm reaching into the mouth and arm reaching The execution of the feeding port for three time periods has realized the standardization and precise quantification of the animal behavior of the experimental animals, so that the overall experiment has universal applicability.
  • the device designed to detect the memory status of the animals can detect the temporal lobe of the corresponding brain area.
  • the behavioral experiment method of animal search and memory in the embodiment of the present invention, during the behavioral experiment, the first time period from the removal of the control light shield to the removal of the execution light shield is recorded, and the removal of the execution light shield until the arm of the experimental animal reaches in The second length of the hand-reaching mouth and the third length of the experimental animal’s arm reaching into the mouth to the third time of executing the feeding mouth.
  • the behavioral experiment of searching memory is divided into observation control flap distribution and arm reaching The three time periods of extending the hand mouth and the arm extending into the feeding mouth realized the standardization and precise quantification of the animal behavior of the experimental animals, thus making the overall experiment universal, and achieving the corresponding brain detection through the behavioral experiment of searching memory.
  • the function of the temporal lobe The function of the temporal lobe.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an animal search memory behavioral experimental device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a step diagram of an animal search memory behavioral experimental method provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the animal search memory behavioral experimental device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, a control light-shielding plate 2, an execution light-shielding plate 3, a detection component 4, a control flap 5, a support flap 6 and a control component (The picture is not shown).
  • the housing 1 is provided with an experimental cavity 12 and a food cavity 13 separately, and the experimental cavity 12 is separated with a control cavity 121 and an execution cavity 122.
  • the bottom wall of the control cavity 121 is provided with A plurality of control feeding ports 1211, a plurality of control feeding ports 1211 are respectively connected to the food cavity 13, and the bottom wall of the execution cavity 122 is provided with a plurality of execution feeding openings 1221, and the plurality of execution feeding openings 1221 are respectively connected with the food cavity 13
  • the food cavity 13 is in communication.
  • the housing 1 is provided with two handouts 11, which are respectively corresponding to the control cavity 121 and the execution cavity 122.
  • the control light shielding plate 2 is slidably arranged on the housing 1.
  • the control light shield 2 is used to shield the control cavity 121
  • the execution light shield 3 is slidably arranged on the housing 1
  • the execution light shield 3 is used to shield the execution cavity 122
  • the detection assembly 4 is configured to detect whether the control light shield 2 Block the control cavity 121, detect whether the execution light shield 3 blocks the execution chamber 122, detect whether the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout 11, and detect whether the arm of the experimental animal passes through the execution feeding port 1221, the control flap 5 is more
  • Each control flap 5 is set corresponding to a control feeding port 1211.
  • the control component includes a timing unit, timing The unit is configured to record the first time from the removal of the control light shield 2 to the removal of the execution light shield 3, to record the second time from the removal of the light shield 3 to the experimental animal’s arm extending into the handout 11, and to record the experimental animal’s arm extending into the hand. The third time period from the mouth 11 to the experimental animal’s arm extending into the feeding mouth 1221.
  • the experimental animal is placed on the front side of the housing 1, and the control flap 5 is removed so that the experimental animal can observe the color of the control flap 5 in the control cavity 121. After a certain period of time, turn the control flap 5 Put back and remove the support flap 6 so that the experimental animal can see the distribution of the support flap 6. Since the distribution shape of the support flap 6 is the same as that of the control flap 5, experimental animals with strong search and memory capabilities can The arm extends into the execution cavity 122 and extends the arm into the execution feeding port 1221 corresponding to the supporting flap 6 provided corresponding to the contrast flap 5 with a different color.
  • the control component can record the second length of time when the light shielding plate 3 is removed and the arm of the experimental animal reaches the hand opening 11, which can initially reflect the search and memory ability and the reaction ability of the experimental animal.
  • the control component can record the arm of the experimental animal to reach out.
  • combining the lengths of the second duration and the third duration can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the search memory level and execution ability of the experimental animals.
  • control component can also record the first time period from the removal of the control light-shielding plate 2 to the removal of the execution light-shielding plate 3, and the first time period can reflect the observation time of the experimental animal.
  • the accuracy of the experimental results is improved, which is beneficial for the experimenters to analyze the functions of the temporal lobes of the corresponding brain regions of the experimental animals.
  • the animal search memory behavioral experiment device of the embodiment of the present invention because the control component can record the first time from the removal of the control light shield 2 to the removal of the execution light shield 3, and the removal of the execution light shield 3 until the experimental animal’s arm reaches into the hand opening 11
  • the second period of time and the third period of the experimental animal’s arm extending into the mouth 11 to the third period of the experimental animal’s arm extending into the feeding port 1221, the entire behavioral experiment of searching for memory is divided into observation control flap 5 distribution, arm extension
  • the three time periods of entering the hand opening 11 and the arm extending into the feeding port 1221 realize the standardization and precise quantification of the animal behavior of experimental animals, thereby making the overall experiment universal.
  • the device is designed by detecting the memory status of animals, Realize the function of detecting the temporal lobe of the corresponding brain area.
  • the detection assembly 4 includes a first detection component 41, a second detection component 42 and a third detection component 43.
  • the first detection component 41 can accurately determine the time point for removing the control light shield 2 and the removal execution light shield 3, ensuring that the timing unit can accurately record the time when the control light shield 2 is removed to the removal execution light shield 3 A long time, thus ensuring the accuracy of the experimental results.
  • the second detection element 42 can accurately determine the time point at which the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout opening 11. The use of the first detection element 41 and the second detection element 42 ensures that the timing unit can accurately remove the execution light shield 3 to the experimental animal The second length of time when the arm reaches into the mouth 11, so that the experimenter can more accurately analyze the reaction ability of the experimental animal and preliminarily determine the ability of the experimental animal to search for memory.
  • the third detection part 43 can accurately determine which execution feeding port 1221 the arm of the experimental animal is inserted into, and accurately determine the exact time point when the experimental animal's arm reaches the execution feeding port 1221, the second detection part 42 and The third detection part 43 is used in conjunction to ensure that the timing unit can accurately record the third time from the arm of the experimental animal into the hand-drawing port 11 to the third time from the arm of the experimental animal into the feeding port 1221, so that it is convenient for the experimenter to judge the experimental animal. Whether the food is successfully taken out from the feeding port 1221 in the correct execution can also be convenient for the experimenter to analyze and judge the search memory level of the experimental animal based on the length of the third time period.
  • the first detection element 41 is a light sensor
  • the second detection element 42 and the third detection element 43 are touch sensors.
  • a third detection element 43 can also be provided at each control feeding port 1211.
  • the execution cavity 122 can be used as the control cavity 121, and the control cavity 121 can be used as the execution cavity 122 to perform an experiment.
  • control logic between the first detection component 41, the second detection component 42, and the third detection component 43 and the timing component of the control component should be selected by those skilled in the art according to the prior art. There are not many control logics between the first detection component 41, the second detection component 42 and the third detection component 43 and the timing component of the control component, as well as related circuit design and selection of electrical components.
  • the timing unit includes a first timer, a second timer, and a third timer.
  • the first timer records that the first detection element 41 detects that the control light shield 2 is separated from the control cavity 121
  • the other first detection element 41 detects that the execution light shielding plate 3 is separated from the execution cavity 122 as the first time length
  • the second timer records that the first detection element 41 detects that the execution light shield 3 and the execution cavity 122 are separated to the first time period.
  • the second detection part 42 detects that the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout 11 as the second time length
  • the third timer records that the second detection part 42 detects that the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout 11 to the third detection part 43.
  • the length of time until the arm of the experimental animal passes through the execution feeding port 1221 is the third length of time. It is understandable that the first time, the second time, and the third time can be accurately recorded through the first timer, the second timer, and the third timer, which facilitates the recording of experimental data and the testing of experimental animals.
  • the qualitative and quantitative analysis of search memory level ensures the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental results.
  • the first timer may be two physical timing devices electrically connected to the first detection element 41, or may be a logic program used for timing that controls the control logic of the component, and the second timer may be a
  • the physical timing device electrically connected to the first detection element 41 and the second detection element 42 may also be a logic program for timing control of the control logic of the control component.
  • the third timer may be connected to the second detection element 42 and the third detection element.
  • the physical timing device electrically connected to the component 43 may also be a logic program for timing that controls the control logic of the component, which can be specifically selected according to actual needs.
  • the control component includes a reset button 7, and the reset button 7 is electrically connected to the first timer, the second timer, and the third timer. It is understandable that in the actual experiment process, multiple experiments may be conducted on the same experimental animal, or experiments may be conducted on multiple different experimental animals.
  • the reset button 7 can be set to reset the first timer, the second timer and the point timer after one experiment is completed, which is convenient for the next experiment. It should be noted here that in this embodiment, the reset button 7 may be a physical button electrically connected to the first timer, the second timer, and the third timer, or may be a logic used by the control component for resetting.
  • the program can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the detection assembly 4 further includes indicator lights. There are multiple indicator lights. The multiple indicator lights are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple third detection elements 43. Each indicator light is associated with the third detection element 43. Electric connection. Therefore, when the arm of the experimental animal passes through the execution feeding port 1221, the indicator light will flash, which further facilitates the experimenter to observe the execution result of the experimental animal and facilitates the experimenter to record the experiment.
  • control feeding port 1211 and the execution feeding port 1221 are arranged in rows. It is understandable that a more regular arrangement can reflect the general level of experimental animals and avoid the phenomenon that experimental animals can be successfully operated in multiple experiments and many experimental animals have failed to operate. And after preliminary experiments, you can adjust the control of the feeding port 1211 and the arrangement of the feeding port, so as to carry out the next experiment in a targeted manner, which can better distinguish the strong search memory ability, the normal search memory ability and Search for animals with weak memory.
  • the animal search memory behavioral experimental device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, a control light-shielding plate 2, an execution light-shielding plate 3, a detection component 4, a control flap 5, a support flap 6 and a control component .
  • the housing 1 is provided with an experimental cavity 12 and a food cavity 13 separately.
  • the experimental cavity 12 is provided with a control cavity 121 and an execution cavity 122 separately.
  • the bottom wall of the control cavity 121 is provided with nine control feeding ports. 1211, the nine control intakes 1211 are respectively connected to the food cavity 13, and the nine control intakes 1211 are arranged in three rows and three rows.
  • the bottom wall of the execution cavity 122 is provided with nine execution feeding openings 1221, the nine execution feeding openings 1221 are respectively connected with the food cavity 13, and the nine execution feeding openings 1221 are arranged in three rows and three rows.
  • the housing 1 is provided with two handouts 11, which are respectively corresponding to the control cavity 121 and the execution cavity 122.
  • the control light shielding plate 2 is slidably arranged on the housing 1, and the control light shielding plate 2 is used for The control cavity 121 is shielded, the execution shading plate 3 is slidably arranged on the housing 1, and the execution shading plate 3 is used to shield the execution cavity 122.
  • the detection assembly 4 includes a first detection component 41, a second detection component 42 and a third detection component 43.
  • each control flap 5 is set corresponding to a control feeding port 1211.
  • one of the control flaps 5 has a different color from the other control flaps 5 and supports the flaps.
  • 6 is nine, each support flap 6 corresponds to a feeding opening 1221 setting, the nine support flaps 6 have the same color, and the distribution mode of the nine support flaps 6 is the same as the distribution direction of the control flap 5.
  • the component includes a timing unit.
  • the timing unit includes a first timer, a second timer, and a third timer.
  • the first timer records that a first detection element 41 detects that the control light shield 2 and the control cavity 121 are separated to another A detection element 41 detects that the execution light shielding plate 3 is separated from the execution cavity 122 for the first time period, and the second timer records a first detection element 41 detects that the execution light barrier 3 and the execution cavity 122 are separated to the second detection Piece 42 detects that the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout 11 as the second time length, and the third timer records the second detection piece 42 detects that the arm of the experimental animal passes through the handout 11 to the third detection piece 43 detects the experiment
  • the time period during which the animal's arm passes through the execution feeding port 1221 is the second time period.
  • the experimental process of the behavioral experimental device for searching memory for animals in this embodiment is as follows: place the experimental animal in front of the housing 1, remove the control light shield 2 and start the first timer, after a period of time, remove the execution light shield 3. Comparing the replacement of the light-shielding plate 2, the first timer stops timing and records the first duration recorded by the first timer and the second timer starts timing. If the time recorded by the second timer reaches the first preset duration, the first timer The second detection piece 42 still did not detect that the arm of the experimental animal was stopped in the experiment. If the second detection element 42 detects that the arm of the experimental animal passes through the hand opening 11 within the first preset time period, the second timer stops timing, and the third timer starts timing.
  • the experiment is stopped. If the experimental animal takes out food from a certain feeding port 1221 within the second preset time period, a record is made and the experiment is terminated.
  • the behavioral experimental method for searching memory for animals in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out using the previous behavioral experimental device for searching memory for animals. As shown in FIG. 2, the behavioral experimental method for searching memory for animals in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps;
  • S4 Record the third time from when the arm of the experimental animal reaches into the mouth 11 to when the arm of the experimental animal reaches into the feeding mouth 1221.
  • the first time period from the removal of the control light shield 2 to the removal of the execution light shield 3, the removal of the execution light shield 3 to the second point where the experimental animal’s arm reaches into the handout 11 is recorded.
  • the length of time and the third time between the arm of the experimental animal reaching into the mouth of the hand 11 to the arm of the experimental animal reaching into the feeding mouth 1221, the behavioral experiment of searching memory is divided into the distribution of observation and control flap 5, and the arm reaching into the mouth of the hand 11 and the three time periods of extending the arm into the feeding port 1221, achieving the standardization and precise quantification of the animal behavior of the experimental animals, thus making the overall experiment universal, and achieving the corresponding brain detection through the behavioral experiment of searching memory
  • step S2 the control light shielding plate 2 is installed while the execution light shielding plate 3 is removed, so that the light shielding plate shields the control cavity 121. It is understandable that if the execution light shield 3 is removed, the control light shield 2 remains removed, that is to say, the experimental animal can still observe the situation in the control cavity 121 at this time, which may adversely affect the experiment.
  • the control light shield 2 is installed to make the light shield block the control cavity 121, which ensures that the experimental animals cannot observe the situation in the control cavity 121 after the execution light shield 3 is removed, thereby ensuring The accuracy of the experimental results.
  • step S3 after removing the execution light shield 3 for the first preset period of time, if the arm of the experimental animal still does not pass through the hand opening 11, the experiment is stopped; in step S4, the experimental animal’s After the arm passes through the hand opening 11 for the second preset period of time, and the experimental animal's arm does not reach the execution feeding opening 1221, the experiment is stopped.
  • the experimental animal can accurately take out food from the corresponding execution feeding port 1221 in the execution box, then the calibration of the experimental animal is executed successfully; if the experimental animal extends its arm into the wrong execution of feeding 1221, the calibration animal fails to execute; if the experimental animal does not perform a feeding operation after removing the execution light shield 3 for a period of time, the calibration animal does not execute the behavior. But if you have been waiting for the experimental animal to complete the operation of taking out the food, due to the level of auditory association matching ability of the experimental animal and the difference in execution ability may lead to some cases, the experimental animal will not extend the arm into the mouth 11, if at this time More time will be wasted if the experiment is not stopped.
  • the first preset duration and the second preset duration are set as nodes for forcibly stopping the experiment, which saves the experiment time and improves the efficiency of the experiment.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置及实验方法，其中动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置包括壳体、对照遮光板、执行遮光板、检测组件、对照翻板、支撑翻板和控制组件。壳体内分隔设置有实验腔体和食物腔体，实验腔体分隔设置有对照腔体和执行腔体，对照腔体的底壁上设有多个对照取食口，执行腔体的底壁上设有多个执行取食口，壳体上设有两个伸手口，两个伸手口分别对应对照腔体和执行腔体设置，执行遮光板可滑动地设在壳体上，对照翻板为多个，每个对照翻板对应一个对照取食口设置，支撑翻板为多个，每个支撑翻板对应一个执行取食口设置。该行为学实验装置能够较好地量化动物搜索记忆的行为学能力，从而更为准确地分析对应脑区颞叶的功能。

Description

一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置及实验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及动物的行为学研究技术领域，尤其涉及一种动物搜索记忆行为学实验装置及实验方法。
 背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，动物因神经解剖学、神经生理学、免疫学和遗传学特征方面与人类有很大的相似之处，被广泛用于医学生物（包括行为学）测试与研究。行为学训练是对动物临床特征的研究，动物在训练中完成目标任务以达到评价某种指标的目的，以揭示生命活动、健康与疾病的本质和规律。但由于其本身是大型、聪明、群居、长寿、非驯养和攻击性动物，其配置合理的行为学装置均有一定的难度和复杂性。前期的各项视空间认知记忆的研究集中在工作记忆的测试上。
目前现有技术中并没有提出一种能够准确量化动物搜索记忆的行为学装置，现有的装置大都只能进行定性分析，这样的分析结果并不准确，不能很好地反映动物的听觉与行为之间的关系，从而不能很好的分析动物相对应脑区颞叶的功能。
 技术问题
本发明的一个目的在于提出一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，该行为学实验装置能够较好地量化动物搜索记忆的行为学能力，从而更为准确地分析对应脑区颞叶的功能。
本发明的一个目的在于提出一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，该行为学实验方法能够较好地量化动物搜索记忆的行为学能力，从而更为准确地分析对应脑区颞叶的功能。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述技术效果，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，包括：壳体，所述壳体内分隔设置有实验腔体和食物腔体，所述实验腔体分隔设置有对照腔体和执行腔体，所述对照腔体的底壁上设有多个对照取食口，多个所述对照取食口分别与所述食物腔体连通，所述执行腔体的底壁上设有多个执行取食口，多个所述执行取食口分别与所述食物腔体连通，所述壳体上设有两个伸手口，两个所述伸手口分别对应所述对照腔体和所述执行腔体设置；对照遮光板，所述对照遮光板可滑动地设在所述壳体上，所述对照遮光板用于遮挡所述对照腔体；执行遮光板，所述执行遮光板可滑动地设在所述壳体上，所述执行遮光板用于遮挡所述执行腔体；检测组件，所述检测组件被配置为检测所述对照遮光板是否遮挡所述对照腔体、检测所述执行遮光板是否遮挡所述执行腔体、检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述伸手口以及检测所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述执行取食口；对照翻板，所述对照翻板为多个，每个所述对照翻板对应一个所述对照取食口设置，多个所述对照翻板中，其中一个所述对照翻板与其他所述对照翻板的颜色不同；执行翻板，所述执行翻板为多个，每个所述执行翻板对应一个所述执行取食口设置，多个所述执行翻板的颜色相同，多个所述执行翻板的分布方式与所述对照翻板的分布方向相同；控制组件，所述控制组件包括计时单元，所述计时单元被配置为记录拆除所述对照遮光板到拆除所述执行遮光板的第一时长、记录拆除所述执行遮光板到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口的第二时长以及记录所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述执行取食口的第三时长。
在一些实施例中，所述检测组件包括：第一检测件，所述第一检测件为两个，两个所述第一检测件分别设在所述对照腔体和所述执行腔体的外侧壁上，其中一个所述第一检测件被配置为检测所述执行遮光板是否遮挡所述执行腔体，另一个所述第一检测件被配置为检测所述对照遮光板是否遮挡所述对照腔体；第二检测件，所述第二检测件为两个，每个所述第二检测件设在一个所述伸手口的内壁上，所述第二检测件被配置检测所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述伸手口；第三检测件，所述第三检测件为多个，每个所述第三检测件设在一个所述执行取食口的内壁上，所述第三检测件被配置为所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述执行取食口。
在一些具体的实施例中，所述计时单元包括：第一计时器，所述第一计时器记录一个所述第一检测件检测到所述对照遮光板与所述对照腔体分离到另一个所述第一检测件检测到所述执行遮光板与所述执行腔体分离的时长为所述第一时长；第二计时器，所述第二计时器记录所述第一检测件检测到所述执行遮光板与所述执行腔体分离到所述第二检测件检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口的时长为第二时长；第三计时器，所述第三计时器记录所述第二检测件检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口到所述第三检测件检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述执行取食口的时长为第三时长。
在一些具体的实施例中，所述控制组件包括归零按钮，所述归零按钮与所述第一计时器、第二计时器、第三计时器电连接。
在一些可选的实施例中，所述检测组件还包括指示灯，所述指示灯为多个，多个所述指示灯与多个所述第三检测件一一对应设置，每个所述指示灯与所述第三检测件电连接。
在一些可选的实施例中，所述对照取食口及所述执行取食口呈行列排布。
一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法采用前文所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置进行，所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法包括如下步骤；
S1：拆除所述对照遮光板；
S2：拆除所述执行遮光板，并且记录拆除所述对照遮光板到拆除所述执行遮光板的第一时长；
S3：记录拆除所述执行遮光板到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口的第二时长；
S4：记录所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述执行取食口的第三时长。
在一些可选的实施例中，在步骤S2中，在拆除所述执行遮光板的同时安装所述对照遮光板以使所述遮光板遮挡所述对照腔体。
在一些可选的实施例中，在步骤S3中，拆除所述执行遮光板第一预设时长后，所述实验动物的手臂仍然没有穿过所述伸手口，则实验停止。
在一些可选的实施例中，在步骤S4中，所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口第二预设时长后，所述实验动物的手臂没有伸入所述执行取食口，则实验停止。
 有益效果
本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，由于控制组件能记录拆除对照遮光板到拆除执行遮光板的第一时长、拆除执行遮光板到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口的第二时长以及实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口的第三时长，将整个搜索记忆的行为学实验分为观察对照翻板分布、手臂伸入伸手口以及手臂伸入执行取食口三个时间段，实现了将实验动物的动物行为标准化及精准量化，从而使整体实验具有普适性，通过检测动物记忆状况而设计的装置，实现检测相对应脑区颞叶的功能。
本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，由于在在行为学实验过程中，记录了拆除对照遮光板到拆除执行遮光板的第一时长、拆除执行遮光板到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口的第二时长以及实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口的第三时长，将整个搜索记忆的行为学实验分为观察对照翻板分布、手臂伸入伸手口以及手臂伸入执行取食口三个时间段，实现了将实验动物的动物行为标准化及精准量化，从而使整体实验具有普适性，达到了通过搜索记忆的行为学实验检测相对应脑区颞叶的功能。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
 附图说明
图1是本发明具体实施方式提供的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明具体实施方式提供的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法的步骤图。
附图标记：
1、壳体；11、伸手口；12、实验腔体；121、对照腔体；1211、对照取食口；122、执行腔体；1221、执行取食口；13、食物腔体；2、对照遮光板；3、执行遮光板；4、检测组件；41、第一检测件；42、第二检测件；43、第三检测件；5、对照翻板；6、执行翻板；7、归零按钮。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为使本发明解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚，下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，限定有“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征，用于区别描述特征，无顺序之分，无轻重之分。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面参考图1描述本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置的具体结构。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置包括壳体1、对照遮光板2、执行遮光板3、检测组件4、对照翻板5、支撑翻板6和控制组件（图未示出）。
如图1所示，壳体1内分隔设置有实验腔体12和食物腔体13，实验腔体12分隔设置有对照腔体121和执行腔体122，对照腔体121的底壁上设有多个对照取食口1211，多个对照取食口1211分别与食物腔体13连通，执行腔体122的底壁上设有多个执行取食口1221，多个执行取食口1221分别与食物腔体13连通，壳体1上设有两个伸手口11，两个伸手口11分别对应对照腔体121和执行腔体122设置，对照遮光板2可滑动地设在壳体1上，对照遮光板2用于遮挡对照腔体121，执行遮光板3可滑动地设在壳体1上，执行遮光板3用于遮挡执行腔体122，检测组件4被配置为检测对照遮光板2是否遮挡对照腔体121、检测执行遮光板3是否遮挡执行腔体122、检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过伸手口11以及检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过执行取食口1221，对照翻板5为多个，每个对照翻板5对应一个对照取食口1211设置，多个对照翻板5中，其中一个对照翻板5与其他对照翻板5的颜色不同，支撑翻板6为多个，每个支撑翻板6对应一个执行取食口1221设置，多个支撑翻板6的颜色相同，多个支撑翻板6的分布方式与对照翻板5的分布方向相同，控制组件包括计时单元，计时单元被配置为记录拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长、记录拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11的第二时长以及记录实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的第三时长。
可以理解的是，在实验开始之后将实验动物放置在壳体1前侧，拆除对照翻板5使得实验动物能够观察到对照腔体121内的对照翻板5颜色，一定时间后将对照翻板5装回并且将支撑翻板6拆除使得实验动物能够看到支撑翻板6的分布情况，由于支撑翻板6的分布形状与对照翻板5相同，搜索记忆的能力较强的实验动物可以将手臂伸入执行腔体122并且将手臂伸入到与颜色不同的对照翻板5对应设置的支撑翻板6所对应的执行取食口1221内。
在本实施例中，实际情况中，根据实验动物的种类不同、驯化程度的不同、实验动物本身的性格不同以及健康状态的不同，实验动物从看到执行腔体122内的支撑翻板6的分布情况到将手伸入伸手口11的时间长度具有较大的不同。在本实施例中，控制组件能够记录拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂的伸入到伸手口11的第二时长能够初步反应实验动物的搜索记忆能力以及反应能力。与此同时，在实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11后，根据搜索记忆能力的不同，有些实验动物会出现迟疑思考的现象，在本实施例中，控制组件能够记录实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入某个执行取食口1221的第三时长，第三时长能够进一步反应实验动物的搜索记忆能力。由此，综合第二时长和第三时长的长短能够定性且定量的分析实验动物的搜索记忆水平以及执行能力。
此外，在实验中，实验动物的观察对照腔内对照翻板5的分布的时间长短也会影响整个实验的结果。在本发明中，控制组件还能够记录拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长，第一时长能够发反映出实验动物的观察时长。由此，提升了实验结果的准确率，有利于实验人员对实验动物的相应脑区颞叶的功能进行相关分析。
本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，由于控制组件能记录拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长、拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11的第二时长以及实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的第三时长，将整个搜索记忆的行为学实验分为观察对照翻板5分布、手臂伸入伸手口11以及手臂伸入执行取食口1221三个时间段，实现了将实验动物的动物行为标准化及精准量化，从而使整体实验具有普适性，通过检测动物记忆状况而设计的装置，实现检测相对应脑区颞叶的功能。
在一些实施例中，检测组件4包括第一检测件41、第二检测件42和第三检测件43。第一检测件41为两个，两个第一检测件41分别设在对照腔体121和执行腔体122的外侧壁上，其中一个第一检测件41被配置为检测执行遮光板3是否遮挡执行腔体122，另一个第一检测件41被配置为检测对照遮光板2是否遮挡对照腔体121，第二检测件42为两个，每个第二检测件42设在一个伸手口11的内壁上，第二检测件42被配置检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过伸手口11，第三检测件43为多个，每个第三检测件43设在一个执行取食口1221的内壁上，第三检测件43被配置为实验动物的手臂是否穿过执行取食口1221。
可以理解的是，第一检测件41能够精确地确定拆除对照遮光板2以及拆除执行遮光板3的时间点，保证了计时单元能够准确地记录拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长，从而保证了实验结果的准确性。第二检测件42能够精确的确定实验动物手臂穿过伸手口11的时间点，第一检测件41与第二检测件42的配合使用保证了计时单元能够准确的拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11的第二时长，从而使得实验人员能够更为准确地分析实验动物的反应能力以及初步判定实验动物的搜索记忆的能力。第三检测件43能够精准地判断实验动物的手臂伸入了哪个执行取食口1221，并且准确地确定了实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的准确时间点，第二检测件42和第三检测件43配合使用保证了计时单元能够准确地记录实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的第三时长，从而既能方便实验人员判断实验动物是否成功地从正确的执行取食口1221的取出食物，又能方便实验人员根据第三时长的长短分析及判断实验动物的搜索记忆的水平。
有利地，第一检测件41为光感应器，第二检测件42和第三检测件43为触摸感应器。
有利地，每个对照取食口1211处也可以设置第三检测件43。由此，在调整对照遮光板2和执行遮光板3的颜色分布后，执行腔体122可以充当对照腔体121使用，对照腔体121充当执行腔体122进行实验。
这里需要补充说明的是，第一检测件41、第二检测件42和第三检测件43与控制组件的计时组件之间的控制逻辑应当是本领域技术人员能够根据现有技术选择的，在此不多第一检测件41、第二检测件42和第三检测件43与控制组件的计时组件之间的控制逻辑以及相关电路设计、电器元件的选择做出具体限定。
在一些具体的实施例中，计时单元包括第一计时器、第二计时器和第三计时器，第一计时器记录一个第一检测件41检测到对照遮光板2与对照腔体121分离到另一个第一检测件41检测到执行遮光板3与执行腔体122分离的时长为第一时长，第二计时器记录第一检测件41检测到执行遮光板3与执行腔体122分离到第二检测件42检测到实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11的时长为第二时长，第三计时器记录第二检测件42检测到实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11到第三检测件43检测到实验动物的手臂穿过执行取食口1221的时长为第三时长。可以理解的是，通过第一计时器、第二计时器以及第三计时器能够准确地记录第一时长、第二时长和第三时长，从而方便了实验人员进行实验数据的记录以及对实验动物的搜索记忆水平进行定性和定量分析，保证了实验结果的准确性和代表性。
这里需要说明的是，第一计时器可以是两个与第一检测件41电连接的实体计时装置，也可以是控制组件的控制逻辑的用于计时的逻辑程序，第二计时器可以是与第一检测件41及第二检测件42电连接的实体计时装置，也可以是控制组件的控制逻辑的用于计时的逻辑程序，第三计时器可以是与第二检测件42和第三检测件43电连接的实体计时装置，也可以是控制组件的控制逻辑的用于计时的逻辑程序，具体可根据实际需要选择。
在一些具体的实施例中，控制组件包括归零按钮7，归零按钮7与第一计时器、第二计时器、第三计时器电连接。可以理解的是，在实际实验过程中，可能会对同一个实验动物进行多次实验，也可能对多只不同的实验动物进行实验。设置归零按钮7能够在一次实验完毕后实现第一计时器、第二计时器以及点计时器的归零，方便了下次实验进行。这里需要说明的是，在本实施例中，归零按钮7可以是与第一计时器、第二计时器和第三计时器电连接的实体按钮，也可以是控制组件用于归零的逻辑程序，具体可以根据实际需要选择。
在一些可选的实施例中，检测组件4还包括指示灯，指示灯为多个，多个指示灯与多个第三检测件43一一对应设置，每个指示灯与第三检测件43电连接。由此，当实验动物的手臂穿过执行取食口1221后指示灯会发出闪光，从而进一步方便了实验人员观察实验动物的执行结果，方便实验人员进行实验记录。
在一些可选的实施例中，对照取食口1211及执行取食口1221呈行列排布。可以理解的是，较为规律的排布形式能够反映实验动物的普遍水平，避免了在多次实验中实验动物均能成功操作以及多个实验动物都操作失败的现象。并且在经过初步实验后可以调整对照取食口1211以及实行取食口的排布方式，从而有针对性的进行下一步实验，这样能够较好的区分搜索记忆能力较强、搜索记忆能力普通以及搜索记忆能力较弱的动物。
实施例：
下面参考图1描述本发明一个具体实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置的具体结构。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置包括壳体1、对照遮光板2、执行遮光板3、检测组件4、对照翻板5、支撑翻板6和控制组件。
壳体1内分隔设置有实验腔体12和食物腔体13，实验腔体12分隔设置有对照腔体121和执行腔体122，对照腔体121的底壁上设有九个对照取食口1211，九个对照取食口1211分别与食物腔体13连通，九个对照取食口1211呈三排三列排布。执行腔体122的底壁上设有九个执行取食口1221，九个执行取食口1221分别与食物腔体13连通，九个执行取食口1221呈三排三列排布。
壳体1上设有两个伸手口11，两个伸手口11分别对应对照腔体121和执行腔体122设置，对照遮光板2可滑动地设在壳体1上，对照遮光板2用于遮挡对照腔体121，执行遮光板3可滑动地设在壳体1上，执行遮光板3用于遮挡执行腔体122。
检测组件4包括第一检测件41、第二检测件42和第三检测件43。第一检测件41为两个，两个第一检测件41分别设在对照腔体121和执行腔体122的外侧壁上，其中一个第一检测件41被配置为检测执行遮光板3是否遮挡执行腔体122，另一个第一检测件41被配置为检测对照遮光板2是否遮挡对照腔体121，第二检测件42为两个，每个第二检测件42设在一个伸手口11的内壁上，第二检测件42被配置检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过伸手口11，第三检测件43为九个，每个第三检测件43设在一个执行取食口1221的内壁上，第三检测件43被配置为实验动物的手臂是否穿过执行取食口1221。对照翻板5为九个，每个对照翻板5对应一个对照取食口1211设置，九个对照翻板5中，其中一个对照翻板5与其他对照翻板5的颜色不同，支撑翻板6为九个，每个支撑翻板6对应一个执行取食口1221设置，九个支撑翻板6的颜色相同，九个支撑翻板6的分布方式与对照翻板5的分布方向相同，控制组件包括计时单元，计时单元包括第一计时器、第二计时器和第三计时器，第一计时器记录一个第一检测件41检测到对照遮光板2与对照腔体121分离到另一个第一检测件41检测到执行遮光板3与执行腔体122分离的时长为第一时长，第二计时器记录一个第一检测件41检测到执行遮光板3与执行腔体122分离到第二检测件42检测到实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11的时长为第二时长，第三计时器记录第二检测件42检测到实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11到第三检测件43检测到实验动物的手臂穿过执行取食口1221的时长为第二时长。
本实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置的实验过程如下：将实验动物放置在壳体1前方，拆除对照遮光板2后第一计时器开始计时，一段时间后拆除执行遮光板3、将对照遮光板2装回，第一计时器停止计时并且记录第一计时器的记录的第一时长且第二计时器开始计时，如果第二计时器记录的时间达到第一预设时长后，第二检测件42仍然没有检测到实验动物的手臂在实验停止。如果在第一预设时长内第二检测件42检测到实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11则第二计时器停止计时，第三计时器开始计时。如果第三计时器记录时间到达第二预设时长后，第三检测件43没有检测到实验动物的手臂穿过执行取食口1221，则实验停止。如果在第二预设时长内实验动物从某个执行取食口1221取出食物，则做出记录并且终止实验。
下面参考图2描述本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法具体步骤。
本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法采用前文动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置进行，如图2所示，本发明实施例的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法包括如下步骤；
S1：拆除对照遮光板2；
S2：拆除执行遮光板3，并且记录拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长；
S3：记录拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11的第二时长；
S4：记录实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的第三时长。
可以理解的是，由于在在行为学实验过程中，记录了拆除对照遮光板2到拆除执行遮光板3的第一时长、拆除执行遮光板3到实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11的第二时长以及实验动物的手臂伸入伸手口11到实验动物的手臂伸入执行取食口1221的第三时长，将整个搜索记忆的行为学实验分为观察对照翻板5分布、手臂伸入伸手口11以及手臂伸入执行取食口1221三个时间段，实现了将实验动物的动物行为标准化及精准量化，从而使整体实验具有普适性，达到了通过搜索记忆的行为学实验检测相对应脑区颞叶的功能。
在一些可选的实施例中，在步骤S2中，在拆除执行遮光板3的同时安装对照遮光板2以使遮光板遮挡对照腔体121。可以理解的是，拆除执行遮光板3，对照遮光板2仍然保持拆除状态，也就是说此时实验动物仍然能够观察到对照腔体121内的情况，这样可能会对实验产生不良的影响，在本实施例中在拆除执行遮光板3的同时安装对照遮光板2以使遮光板遮挡对照腔体121，这样保证了拆除执行遮光板3后实验动物无法观察对照腔体121内的情况，从而保证了实验结果的准确性。
在一些可选的实施例中，在步骤S3中，拆除执行遮光板3第一预设时长后，实验动物的手臂仍然没有穿过伸手口11，则实验停止；在步骤S4中，实验动物的手臂穿过伸手口11第二预设时长后，实验动物的手臂没有伸入执行取食口1221，则实验停止。
可以理解的是，在实验过程中，该实验动物能够准确地从与执行箱体内的对应的执行取食口1221取出食物，则标定实验动物执行成功；如果实验动物将手臂伸入错误执行取食口1221，则标定动物执行失败；如果拆除执行遮光板3一段时间后实验动物没有进行取食操作，则标定实验动物未执行行为。但是如果一直等待实验动物完成取出食物的操作，由于实验动物的听觉联想匹配能力的高低以及执行能力的不同可能导致某些情况下，实验动物根本不会将手臂伸入伸手口11，如果此时实验不停止会浪费较多的时间。而在本发明的实施例中，设置了第一预设时长与第二预设时长作为强制停止实验的节点，这样节约了实验时间，提高了实验效率。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“有些实施例”、“其他实施例”、等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体（1），所述壳体（1）内分隔设置有实验腔体（12）和食物腔体（13），所述实验腔体（12）分隔设置有对照腔体（121）和执行腔体（122），所述对照腔体（121）的底壁上设有多个对照取食口（1211），多个所述对照取食口（1211）分别与所述食物腔体（13）连通，所述执行腔体（122）的底壁上设有多个执行取食口（1221），多个所述执行取食口（1221）分别与所述食物腔体（13）连通，所述壳体（1）上设有两个伸手口（11），两个所述伸手口（11）分别对应所述对照腔体（121）和所述执行腔体（122）设置；
    对照遮光板（2），所述对照遮光板（2）可滑动地设在所述壳体（1）上，所述对照遮光板（2）用于遮挡所述对照腔体（121）；
    执行遮光板（3），所述执行遮光板（3）可滑动地设在所述壳体（1）上，所述执行遮光板（3）用于遮挡所述执行腔体（122）；
    检测组件（4），所述检测组件（4）被配置为检测所述对照遮光板（2）是否遮挡所述对照腔体（121）、检测所述执行遮光板（3）是否遮挡所述执行腔体（122）、检测实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述伸手口（11）以及检测所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述执行取食口（1221）；
    对照翻板（5），所述对照翻板（5）为多个，每个所述对照翻板（5）对应一个所述对照取食口（1211）设置，多个所述对照翻板（5）中，其中一个所述对照翻板（5）与其他所述对照翻板（5）的颜色不同；
    执行翻板（6），所述执行翻板（6）为多个，每个所述执行翻板（6）对应一个所述执行取食口（1221）设置，多个所述执行翻板（6）的颜色相同，多个所述执行翻板（6）的分布方式与所述对照翻板（5）的分布方向相同；
    控制组件，所述控制组件包括计时单元，所述计时单元被配置为记录拆除所述对照遮光板（2）到拆除所述执行遮光板（3）的第一时长、记录拆除所述执行遮光板（3）到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口（11）的第二时长以及记录所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口（11）到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述执行取食口（1221）的第三时长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，所述检测组件（4）包括：
    第一检测件（41），所述第一检测件（41）为两个，两个所述第一检测件（41）分别设在所述对照腔体（121）和所述执行腔体（122）的外侧壁上，其中一个所述第一检测件（41）被配置为检测所述执行遮光板（3）是否遮挡所述执行腔体（122），另一个所述第一检测件（41）被配置为检测所述对照遮光板（2）是否遮挡所述对照腔体（121）；
    第二检测件（42），所述第二检测件（42）为两个，每个所述第二检测件（42）设在一个所述伸手口（11）的内壁上，所述第二检测件（42）被配置检测所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述伸手口（11）；
    第三检测件（43），所述第三检测件（43）为多个，每个所述第三检测件（43）设在一个所述执行取食口（1221）的内壁上，所述第三检测件（43）被配置为所述实验动物的手臂是否穿过所述执行取食口（1221）。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，所述计时单元包括：
    第一计时器，所述第一计时器记录一个所述第一检测件（41）检测到所述对照遮光板（2）与所述对照腔体（121）分离到另一个所述第一检测件（41）检测到所述执行遮光板（3）与所述执行腔体（122）分离的时长为所述第一时长；
    第二计时器，所述第二计时器记录所述第一检测件（41）检测到所述执行遮光板（3）与所述执行腔体（122）分离到所述第二检测件（42）检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口（11）的时长为第二时长；
    第三计时器，所述第三计时器记录所述第二检测件（42）检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口（11）到所述第三检测件（43）检测到所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述执行取食口（1221）的时长为第三时长。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，所述控制组件包括归零按钮（7），所述归零按钮（7）与所述第一计时器、第二计时器、第三计时器电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，所述检测组件（4）还包括指示灯，所述指示灯为多个，多个所述指示灯与多个所述第三检测件（43）一一对应设置，每个所述指示灯与所述第三检测件（43）电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置，其特征在于，所述对照取食口（1211）及所述执行取食口（1221）呈行列排布。
  7. 一种动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，其特征在于，所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法采用如权利要求1-6中任一项所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验装置进行，所述动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法包括如下步骤；
    S1：拆除所述对照遮光板（2）；
    S2：拆除所述执行遮光板（3），并且记录拆除所述对照遮光板（2）到拆除所述执行遮光板（3）的第一时长；
    S3：记录拆除所述执行遮光板（3）到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口（11）的第二时长；
    S4：记录所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述伸手口（11）到所述实验动物的手臂伸入所述执行取食口（1221）的第三时长。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，在拆除所述执行遮光板（3）的同时安装所述对照遮光板（2）以使所述对照遮光板（2）遮挡所述对照腔体（121）。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，其特征在于，在步骤S3中，拆除所述执行遮光板（3）第一预设时长后，所述实验动物的手臂仍然没有穿过所述伸手口（11），则实验停止。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的动物搜索记忆的行为学实验方法，其特征在于，在步骤S4中，所述实验动物的手臂穿过所述伸手口（11）第二预设时长后，所述实验动物的手臂没有伸入所述执行取食口（1221），则实验停止。
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