WO2021097607A1 - 指纹识别传感器、显示基板、显示装置及指纹识别方法 - Google Patents

指纹识别传感器、显示基板、显示装置及指纹识别方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021097607A1
WO2021097607A1 PCT/CN2019/119164 CN2019119164W WO2021097607A1 WO 2021097607 A1 WO2021097607 A1 WO 2021097607A1 CN 2019119164 W CN2019119164 W CN 2019119164W WO 2021097607 A1 WO2021097607 A1 WO 2021097607A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
finger
fingerprint
reflected light
fingerprint recognition
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PCT/CN2019/119164
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王雷
王海生
丁小梁
张�林
刘英明
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/044,203 priority Critical patent/US11790691B2/en
Priority to CN201980002463.2A priority patent/CN113169245B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/119164 priority patent/WO2021097607A1/zh
Publication of WO2021097607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021097607A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1347—Preprocessing; Feature extraction
    • G06V40/1359—Extracting features related to ridge properties; Determining the fingerprint type, e.g. whorl or loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/12—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a fingerprint recognition sensor, a display substrate, a display device, and a fingerprint recognition method.
  • fingerprint recognition sensors can be divided into optical sensors, semiconductor capacitive sensors, semiconductor thermal sensors, semiconductor pressure-sensitive sensors, and ultrasonic sensors.
  • a fingerprint recognition sensor includes: a substrate, and at least one light sensing unit disposed on the substrate, the at least one light sensing unit is configured to collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic light reflected by the finger To identify fingerprints.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor further includes: at least one point light source disposed on the substrate.
  • the at least one point light source is configured to provide a finger with polychromatic light synthesized by monochromatic light of at least two different wavelengths.
  • each of the at least one light sensing unit includes at least two sub light sensing units.
  • the at least two sub-light sensing units can collect the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • each of the at least two sub-photosensitive units includes: a photodiode, a thin film transistor electrically connected to the photodiode, and a filter located on the light-incident side of the photodiode unit.
  • the wavelength ranges of the light signals that the filter parts of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit allow to pass through are different.
  • the filter part includes a color resist layer.
  • the colors of the color resist layers of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit are different.
  • the color of the color resist layer of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit includes at least red and green.
  • a display substrate in another aspect, includes the fingerprint recognition sensor as described in some of the above embodiments, and a pixel layer located on the light incident side of the at least one light sensing unit.
  • the display substrate is an organic light emitting diode substrate.
  • the pixel layer includes a plurality of pixels.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor includes at least one point light source
  • at least one pixel of the plurality of pixels is one point light source of the at least one point light source.
  • a display device in another aspect, includes the display substrate as described in some of the above embodiments.
  • a fingerprint identification method includes: collecting the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights of the reflected light from the finger; and according to the signal amount of the spectral lines of any two monochromatic lights among the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights It is determined that the reflected light from the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or the ridge of the fingerprint according to the difference between the signal quantities of the spectral lines of any two of the at least two different monochromatic light. , Including: judging whether the absolute value of the difference value is less than a first threshold; if so, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the mid-ridge of the fingerprint; if not, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the mid-valley of the fingerprint.
  • the reflected light of the finger is the imaging of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint according to the difference in the signal amount of the spectral lines of any two of the at least two different monochromatic light spectral lines.
  • the light includes: judging whether the absolute value of the difference is less than a second threshold or greater than a third threshold; if the absolute value of the difference is less than the second threshold, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the ridge of the fingerprint ; If the absolute value of the difference is greater than the third threshold, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light in the valley of the fingerprint.
  • the second threshold is less than the third threshold.
  • the fingerprint identification method further includes: collecting the light intensity of the reflected light from the finger while collecting the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights. According to the difference between the signal amounts of the spectral lines of any two of the at least two different monochromatic light, determining that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint, further includes: Said at least two different monochromatic light spectral lines of any two monochromatic light spectral line signal difference and the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger, it is determined that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging of the valley or the ridge of the fingerprint Light.
  • the fingerprint identification method further includes: determining the reflection of the finger according to the difference between the signal quantities of the spectral lines of any two monochromatic light in the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights The light is reflected light from real fingers or reflected light from fake fingers.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fingerprint collection principle according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fingerprint image obtained according to the principle of fingerprint collection shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of optical characteristics of a skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint recognition sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light sensing unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a sub-photosensitive unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of a light sensing unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another light sensing unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of another light sensing unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of the valley reflected light in the reflected light of a finger according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of the ridge reflected light in the reflected light of a finger according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a sub-photosensitive unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of steps of a method for manufacturing a fingerprint recognition sensor in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a display substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of another fingerprint image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another display substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic flowchart of a fingerprint identification method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of another fingerprint identification method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic flowchart of yet another fingerprint identification method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic flowchart of another fingerprint identification method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic flowchart of another fingerprint identification method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the optical fingerprint recognition sensor especially the optical under-screen fingerprint recognition sensor, mainly relies on the reflected light signal (that is, the reflected light of the finger) after the light irradiates the finger to obtain the fingerprint pattern.
  • the ridge reflected light (a) is the reflected light from the ridge of the fingerprint of the finger 01
  • the valley reflected light (b ) Is the reflected light of the valley in the fingerprint of the finger 01
  • the light intensity of the ridge reflected light (a) and the valley reflected light (b) are different.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor collects the ridge reflected light (a) and the valley reflected light (b)
  • it can form a bright and dark fingerprint image as shown in FIG. 2 based on the ridge reflected light (a) and the valley reflected light (b).
  • the human pigment in the finger can selectively absorb the spectrum of the light, that is, it can change the spectrum of the light irradiated to the ridge of the finger's fingerprint.
  • Spectral line refers to the pattern in which the dispersed monochromatic light is arranged in order according to the wavelength (or frequency) after the light passes through the dispersion system (such as prism or grating).
  • the full name is optical spectrum line.
  • the optical characteristics of human skin are shown in Fig. 3, where curve M is configured to characterize the reflectance of human skin to light, curve N is configured to characterize the transmittance of human skin to light, and curve L is configured to characterize the reflectance of human skin to light.
  • the absorption ratio of light In this way, compared with the light initially irradiated to the ridge of the finger fingerprint, the spectral line of the ridge reflected light (b) that the fingerprint recognition sensor can collect will change.
  • the light irradiated to the valley of the finger fingerprint does not enter the finger, so that the spectral line of the valley reflection light (a) that the fingerprint recognition sensor can collect will not change from the original.
  • the valley reflection light (a) and the ridge reflection light (b) in the finger reflection light have different spectral lines respectively.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 includes a substrate 10 and at least one light sensing unit 1 disposed on the substrate 10.
  • the at least one light sensing unit 1 is configured to collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic light reflected by the finger to identify fingerprints.
  • the above-mentioned substrate 10 is used as the carrier of the light sensing unit 1, and the substrate 10 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
  • the substrate 10 is a glass substrate.
  • the number and structure of the above-mentioned light sensing unit 1 can be selected and set according to actual requirements, so as to realize the collection of the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger.
  • the light sensing unit 1 can collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger, which means that the light sensing unit 1 can respectively output the configuration of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger as Characterize the electrical signal corresponding to the spectral line of monochromatic light.
  • the light sensing unit 1 is used to collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights of the reflected light from the finger, according to the signal amount of the spectral lines of any two monochromatic lights among the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights ( That is, the read value of the current or power that can be obtained after the photo-sensing unit 1 performs photoelectric conversion on the corresponding light, usually can represent the difference in light intensity, such as absorbance, and can accurately determine that the reflected light of the finger is a fingerprint
  • the imaging light in the middle valley that is, the valley reflection light
  • the ridge reflection light that is, the ridge reflection light
  • the fingerprint recognition principle of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 is based on the optical characteristics of human skin. Compared with the fingerprint sleeve made of silica gel and other materials, the finger has the characteristic of selective absorption of the light spectrum incident on it, and the reflected light formed by it and the fingerprint sleeve will have a significantly different spectrum. Therefore, in the process of fingerprint recognition using the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, according to the spectral lines of the two monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger, it can be determined that the reflected light of the finger is true reflected light of the finger (that is, the direct reflected light of the user's finger).
  • each light sensing unit 1 in the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 it is also possible to collect the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger while collecting the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic light in the reflected light of the finger, so as to collect the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger according to the at least two kinds of light.
  • the difference between the signal amount of any two spectral lines in the spectral lines of different monochromatic light and the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger determine that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the method of identifying fingerprints based on the spectral lines of the two monochromatic light in the reflected light of the finger and the method of identifying fingerprints based on the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger can be combined to obtain a fingerprint image with a higher contrast between light and dark, which can further Improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy, use reliability and use safety of the fingerprint recognition sensor.
  • the above-mentioned finger reflected light is usually polychromatic light, that is, the light irradiated to the finger should be a composite light including at least two monochromatic lights of different wavelengths, such as white light.
  • the light irradiated to the finger is provided by an external light source or a built-in light source of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, either.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 further includes: at least one point light source 2 arranged on the substrate 10; the at least one point light source 2 is configured to provide the finger 01 with at least two different Polychromatic light synthesized by monochromatic light of wavelength.
  • the point light source 2 is a white organic light emitting diode (White Organic Light Emitting Diode, WOLED for short) or a white light emitting diode (White-Light Emitting Diode, W-LED for short), etc.
  • WOLED White Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • W-LED White-Light Emitting Diode
  • the point light source 2 does not limit the location of the point light source 2 on the substrate 10.
  • the point light source 2 is located on the side of the at least one light sensing unit 1 far away from the substrate 10, and the light emitted by the point light source 2 can be reflected back into the at least one light sensing unit 1 after being irradiated to the finger.
  • the point light source 2 is arranged between the aforementioned at least one light sensing unit 1 and the substrate 10; in this case, the at least one light sensing unit 1 must not block the light emitted from the point light source 2.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 further includes a transparent cover 3, such as a glass cover.
  • the light-transmitting cover 3 is usually arranged on the side of the at least one light sensing unit 1 and the at least one point light source 2 far away from the substrate 10.
  • each light sensing unit 1 includes at least two sub light sensing units, and the at least two sub light sensing units can collect the above-mentioned spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • each light sensing unit 1 includes two sub light sensing units, which are a first sub light sensing unit 11 and a second sub light sensing unit 12 respectively.
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 includes: a first photodiode 111, a first thin film transistor 112 electrically connected to the first photodiode 111, and a first filter portion 113 located on the light incident side of the first photodiode 111 .
  • the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 includes: a second photodiode 121, a second thin film transistor 122 electrically connected to the second photodiode 121, and a second light filter 123 located on the light incident side of the second photodiode 121.
  • the wavelength ranges of the optical signals that the first filter portion 113 and the second filter portion 123 allow to pass through are different. That is to say, the filter parts of different sub-photosensing units in the same photo-sensing unit 1 allow different wavelength ranges of light signals to pass through, so that each sub-photosensing unit can collect the spectral lines of different monochromatic light respectively.
  • the filter parts of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit 1 use color resist layers of different colors.
  • the first filter portion 113 is a green color resist layer
  • the second filter portion 123 is a red color resist layer. This not only facilitates the production of each light-sensitive unit 1, but also helps reduce the production cost of each light-sensitive unit 1.
  • the difference between the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 and the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 lies in the difference in the wavelength ranges of the optical signals allowed by the filter portions of the two.
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 and the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 have the same optical signal collection principle.
  • the process of collecting the spectral lines corresponding to the monochromatic light will be described.
  • the control electrode of the first thin film transistor 112 is electrically connected to a gate line, and the first electrode of the first thin film transistor 112 is electrically connected to a data line (Data Line). Line) is electrically connected, and the second electrode of the first thin film transistor 112 is electrically connected to the anode of the first photodiode 111.
  • the cathode of the first photodiode 111 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage terminal (VDD terminal).
  • the first filter portion 113 is located on the light incident side of the first photodiode 111.
  • the first photodiode 111 After the finger reflected light is irradiated onto the first photodiode 111 through the first filter 113, the first photodiode 111 is controlled to be turned on.
  • the gate line controls the first thin film transistor to be turned on, the first photodiode 111 can output an electrical signal to the data line according to the monochromatic light filtered by the first filter portion 113 in the reflected light from the finger, thereby completing the first
  • a sub-light sensing unit 11 collects the spectral lines of the corresponding monochromatic light.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 includes a plurality of light sensing units 1, as shown in FIG. 7, the plurality of light sensing units 1 are usually arranged in an array.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 further includes a gate driving circuit 4 and a data processing circuit 5 arranged on the substrate, wherein the gate of the thin film transistor in each sub-photosensitive unit of each row passes through A gate line is electrically connected to the gate driving circuit 4, and the first pole of the thin film transistor in each sub-photosensitive unit of each column is electrically connected to the data processing circuit 5 through a data line.
  • the gate drive circuit 4 controls the turn-on of the thin film transistors in the corresponding sub-photosensitive units, so that each sub-photosensitive unit collects electrical signals configured to represent the spectral lines of monochromatic light through the corresponding data lines.
  • the electrical signal is output to the data processing circuit 5 to perform data processing by the data processing circuit 5 to complete fingerprint identification.
  • the control electrode of the above-mentioned thin film transistor is usually a gate, and the first electrode may be a source or a drain.
  • the first electrode of the thin film transistor has a source electrode and the second electrode has a drain electrode; or the first electrode of the thin film transistor has a drain electrode and the second electrode has a source electrode.
  • the spectral analysis of the reflected light from the finger can be performed by various spectral analysis instruments in related technologies, and the analysis accuracy is related to the structure of the corresponding spectral analysis instrument.
  • the difference is much smaller than that of the blue and green light in the valley reflected light. The difference in the amount of collected signals.
  • the finger if the first filter portion 113 is a green photoresist layer and the second filter portion 123 is a red color resist layer, if the finger collected by the light sensing unit 1 In the reflected light, the signal of the spectral line of green light is Sg, and the signal of the spectral line of red light is Sr, and the difference between the two signals (ie Sg-Sr) is zero or close to zero, then the finger reflects The light is ridge reflected light, which can be used as the imaging light of the ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the reflected light from the finger is the valley reflected light, which can be used as the imaging light of the valley in the fingerprint.
  • the difference of the signal judged by the amount of two kinds of monochromatic spectral line finger in the reflected light of the first magnitude relationship between the threshold T 1 can be such that the light reflected Valley
  • the contrast between the reflected light and the ridge is relatively large, so that it can be accurately determined whether the reflected light from the finger is the valley reflected light or the ridge reflected light in the fingerprint, so as to effectively improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy and reliability of the fingerprint recognition sensor.
  • the first threshold T 1 is selected and set according to actual needs, which is not limited in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the fingerprint recognition by the fingerprint recognition sensor is based on the optical characteristics of human skin.
  • the finger Compared with the fingerprint sleeve made of silica gel and other materials, the finger has the characteristic of selective absorption of the light spectrum incident on it, and the reflected light formed by it and the fingerprint sleeve will have a significantly different spectrum.
  • the reflected light of the finger is ridge reflected light, then the difference between the signal amount of the red spectral line and the green spectral line will be zero or close to zero, but the red spectral line in the ridge reflected light formed by the fingerprint cover The difference between the signal amount of the green spectrum line and the green spectrum line will be large, and there is a clear difference between the two.
  • the difference between the signal amount of the two monochromatic spectral lines in the reflected light of the finger and the corresponding threshold After comparison, it can be determined whether the reflected light from the finger is real finger reflected light (that is, the direct reflected light of the user's finger) or fake finger reflected light (that is, the reflected light formed by fingerprint sleeves and other similar imitation fingerprint components) to reduce The security risks in the fingerprint identification process, thereby effectively improving the use safety of the corresponding fingerprint identification sensor and its application equipment.
  • the method for identifying the valley reflection light and the ridge reflection light in the finger reflection light is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the second threshold T 2 and the third threshold T 3 are respectively set so that the second threshold T 2 is smaller than the third threshold T 3 (ie, T 2 is smaller than T 3 ). Then by judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the signal amounts of the green light spectrum line and the red light spectrum line in the finger reflected light (ie ⁇ Sg-Sr ⁇ ) is less than the second threshold T 2 or greater than the third threshold T 3 , The valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light of the reflected light of the finger can also be recognized.
  • the reflected light from the finger is ridge reflected light, which can be used as the imaging light of the ridge of the fingerprint;
  • the absolute value of the difference of the signal amount (ie ⁇ Sg-Sr ⁇ ) is greater than the third threshold T 3 , then the reflected light from the finger is the valley reflected light, which can be used as the imaging light of the valley in the fingerprint.
  • the boundary between the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light in the reflected light of the finger can be made clearer.
  • the difference between the signal amount of the spectral line and the size of the second threshold T 2 or the third threshold T 3 can effectively increase the contrast between the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light, thereby more accurately determining whether the finger reflected light is Valley reflected light or ridge reflected light to further improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy and reliability of the fingerprint recognition sensor.
  • each light-sensing unit 1 includes three sub-light-sensing units, which are a first sub-light-sensing unit 11, a second sub-photo-sensing unit 12, and a third sub-photo-sensing unit 13 respectively.
  • the third sub-photosensitive unit 13 includes: a third photodiode 131, a third thin film transistor 132 electrically connected to the third photodiode 131, and a third filter 133 located on the light incident side of the third photodiode 131.
  • the wavelength ranges of the optical signals that the first filter portion 113, the second filter portion 123, and the third filter portion 133 allow to pass through are all different. That is to say, the filter parts of different sub-photosensing units in the same photo-sensing unit 1 allow different wavelength ranges of light signals to pass through, so that each sub-photosensing unit can collect the spectral lines of different monochromatic light respectively.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 includes a plurality of light sensing units 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the plurality of light sensing units 1 are usually arranged in an array.
  • the difference between the first sub-photosensitive unit 11, the second sub-photosensitive unit 12, and the third sub-photosensitive unit 13 lies in the different wavelength ranges of the optical signals allowed to pass through the filter portions of the three.
  • the first sub-light-sensing unit 11, the second sub-light-sensing unit 12, and the third sub-light-sensing unit 13 have the same optical signal collection principle. You can refer to the relevant expressions in some of the foregoing embodiments. More details.
  • the first sub-light-sensing unit 11, the second sub-light-sensing unit 12, and the third sub-light-sensing unit 13 can respectively collect the spectral lines of different monochromatic lights.
  • the first filter portion 113 of the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 is a green color resist layer, and the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 can collect green light spectral lines.
  • the second filter part 123 of the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 is a red color resist layer, and the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 can collect red light spectral lines.
  • the third filter part 123 of the third sub-photosensitive unit 13 is a blue color resist layer, and the third sub-photosensitive unit 13 can collect blue light spectrum lines.
  • the filter parts in different sub-photosensitive units can also be made of other materials with a narrower filter color bandwidth, such as an optical dielectric film.
  • the light sensing unit 1 is used to collect the spectral lines of the three monochromatic lights (such as green, red, and blue light) reflected by the finger, according to the spectrum of any two monochromatic lights among the three monochromatic lights
  • the difference of the signal amount of the line can determine that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint. That is, select any two monochromatic lights from the three monochromatic lights (for example: red light and green light, or red light and blue light, or green light and blue light), and then select the two monochromatic lights
  • the difference between the signal amounts of the spectral lines corresponding to the light can determine whether the corresponding reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley in the fingerprint or the imaging light of the ridge.
  • the method of determining that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint based on the difference of the signal amounts of the spectral lines corresponding to the two selected monochromatic lights can be performed with reference to the relevant records in some of the foregoing embodiments. No longer.
  • the difference between the signal amount of the red light spectrum line and the signal amount of the green light spectrum line is when the reflected light of the finger is the valley reflected light or the reflected light of the finger is the ridge reflected light.
  • the colors of the color resist layers of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit 1 include at least red and green, which can obtain a higher contrast, thereby improving fingerprint recognition accuracy.
  • the number of sub-light-sensing units in the light-sensing unit 1 is not limited to two or three, and can be more.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the central wavelength of the optical signal that the filter parts of different sub-photosensitive units in the same light-sensitive unit 1 allow to pass through, and it can be selected and set according to actual needs.
  • the central wavelength of the optical signal allowed to pass through the first filter portion 113 of the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 is 534 nm
  • the second filter portion 123 of the second sub-photosensitive unit 12 allows the optical signal to pass through
  • the center wavelength is 622nm.
  • the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger can be collected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or the ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the difference between the signal amounts of the spectral lines of any two monochromatic lights in the finger reflected light is used to determine whether it is the imaging light of the valley or the imaging light of the ridge in the fingerprint. , Can have higher contrast and higher recognition accuracy.
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a sub-light-sensing unit (for example, the first sub-light-sensing unit 11) in the fingerprint recognition sensor 100.
  • a sub-light-sensing unit for example, the first sub-light-sensing unit 11
  • the first thin film transistor 112 is located on the substrate 10.
  • the first thin film transistor 112 includes a gate electrode 1121, a gate insulating layer 1122, and an active layer 1123 stacked in sequence.
  • the first pole 1124 and the second pole 1125 electrically connected to the active layer 1123, respectively.
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 further includes: a first passivation layer 114 on the surfaces of the first pole 1124 and the second pole 1125 of the first thin film transistor 112 away from the substrate 10.
  • the first photodiode 111 is located on the side of the first thin film transistor 112 away from the substrate 10, and is usually formed on the surface of the first passivation layer 114 away from the substrate 10.
  • the first photodiode 111 includes an anode 1111, a PIN photosensitive layer 1112, and a cathode 1113 stacked in a direction away from the substrate 10.
  • the anode 1111 is electrically connected to the second electrode 1125 of the first thin film transistor 112, and the anode 1111 is made of metal.
  • the cathode 1113 is located on the light incident side of the PIN photosensitive layer 1112, and the cathode 1113 is a light-transmitting electrode, such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 further includes: an encapsulation layer 115, a flat layer 116, and a flat layer 116 laminated on the surfaces of the first passivation layer 114 and the first photodiode 111 away from the substrate 10
  • the second passivation layer 117 The encapsulation layer 115 can encapsulate and protect the first thin film transistor 112 and the first photodiode 111 to prevent the external environment from affecting the conductivity of the first thin film transistor 112 and the first photodiode 111.
  • the surface of the second passivation layer 117 is provided with a wire 118 electrically connected to the power supply voltage terminal, and the cathode 1113 of the first photodiode 111 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage terminal (VDD terminal) through the wire 118.
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 further includes: a buffer layer 119 located on a side of the wire 118 away from the substrate 10.
  • the buffer layer 119 is mostly made of inorganic materials and has high supporting strength.
  • the first filter portion 113 is located on the side of the buffer layer 119 away from the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the PIN photosensitive layer 1112 on the substrate 10 is within the orthographic projection of the first filter portion 113 on the substrate 10.
  • the first sub-photosensitive unit 11 also includes: a bonding circuit 120 located on the side of the buffer layer 119 away from the substrate 10, which facilitates the use of the bonding circuit 120 to realize the electrical connection between the electrodes or wires therein and the external circuit. .
  • each sub-light unit in the light sensing unit 1 may adopt the structure shown in FIG. 12 or other structures that can realize the collection of the spectral lines corresponding to monochromatic light. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are not concerned with this. Make a limit.
  • FIG. 13 exemplifies the sub-photosensitive unit as the first sub-photosensitive unit 11.
  • a substrate 10 is provided, and the parts of each sub-photosensitive unit except for the filter part are fabricated on the substrate 10, that is, the thin film transistors and the photosensitive sub-units in each sub-photosensitive unit are fabricated. Diodes and so on. Then, as shown in FIG. 13(a), a substrate 10 is provided, and the parts of each sub-photosensitive unit except for the filter part are fabricated on the substrate 10, that is, the thin film transistors and the photosensitive sub-units in each sub-photosensitive unit are fabricated. Diodes and so on. Then, as shown in FIG.
  • the first filter layer 1130 is coated on the substrate 10 on which the part of the sub-photosensitive unit has been fabricated, and the first filter layer 1130 is applied according to the photomask (MASK).
  • MASK photomask
  • the display substrate 1001 includes the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, and the pixel layer 6 located on the light incident side of each photosensitive unit 1 in the fingerprint recognition sensor 100.
  • the light-incident side of the light-sensitive unit 1 refers to the side where the light-sensitive unit 1 is configured to receive light reflected by a finger.
  • the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the display substrate provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure are the same as the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the fingerprint recognition sensor provided by some of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 described above is integrated in the display substrate 1001, and the light emitting device or light source in the display substrate 1001 can be used to provide light signals to the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, that is, the light emitting device or light source in the display substrate 1001 is used as the corresponding fingerprint recognition sensor 100. light source.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 may be integrated in the display substrate 1001 as an independent component, or may be integrated with other components in the display substrate 1001. Some embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the arrangement of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 in the display substrate 1001, and the arrangement can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the display substrate 1001 is an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) substrate.
  • the pixel layer 6 includes a plurality of pixels 60. At least one pixel 60 of the plurality of pixels 60 is used as a point light source in the fingerprint recognition sensor 100. The white light emitted by the at least one pixel 60 can be used as the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 to be collected. The initial rays of light reflected by the finger.
  • the type of OLED in each pixel 60 in the OLED substrate is related to the display mode and structure of the OLED substrate.
  • the OLED substrate adopts an RGB color display mode
  • the OLED substrate adopts a "WOLED+color filter film” structure, that is, each OLED in the OLED substrate is WOLED, and each pixel 60 includes three WOLEDs and is located in each Color filter film (including red filter film, green filter film and blue filter film) on the light emitting side of WOLED.
  • at least one pixel 60 in the OLED substrate can be used as a point light source of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, that is, the white light emitted by the at least one pixel 60 can be used as the initial light of the finger reflection light to be collected by the fingerprint recognition sensor 100.
  • the OLED substrate adopts an RGB color display mode
  • the OLED substrate adopts a color light OLED structure, that is, each OLED in the OLED substrate includes three types of red light OLED, green light OLED and blue light OLED, and each pixel 60 includes red light.
  • a plurality of color light OLEDs corresponding to at least one pixel 60 are collectively used as a point light source of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, and the white light emitted by the at least one pixel 60 can be conveniently used as the initial reflection light of the finger to be collected by the fingerprint recognition sensor 100. Light.
  • the display substrate 1001 is an OLED substrate
  • the OLED substrate includes a substrate 10, a plurality of light sensing units 1 and a pixel layer 6, etc., wherein the plurality of light sensing units 1 are disposed on the substrate 10.
  • Each light sensing unit 1 includes a first sub light sensing unit 11 and a second sub light sensing unit 12, wherein the structures of the first sub light sensing unit 11 and the second sub light sensing unit 12 are the same as those of the previous embodiments As described in.
  • the pixel layer 6 is located on a side of each photosensitive unit 1 away from the substrate 10, and the pixel layer 6 includes a plurality of pixels 60.
  • Each pixel includes three sub-pixels, the three sub-pixels are red sub-pixel R, green sub-pixel G, and blue sub-pixel B.
  • the red sub-pixel R corresponds to a red OLED
  • the green sub-pixel G corresponds to a green OLED.
  • the blue sub-pixel B corresponds to a blue OLED.
  • the red light OLED, the green light OLED and the blue light OLED corresponding to the three sub-pixels in each pixel 60 can be collectively used as a point light source 2 of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100.
  • the side of the pixel layer 6 away from the substrate 10 is usually provided with other functional films 7, such as an encapsulation layer, a touch control layer, or a polarizer.
  • the red OLED, green OLED and blue OLED corresponding to each pixel are used as a point light source 2 of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 to emit light to the user's finger, which can make the user's finger match
  • the light is reflected, so that the red and green spectral lines of the reflected light of the finger are collected by each light sensing unit 1, that is, fingerprint recognition is performed by the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, and the fingerprint as shown in FIG. 15 can be obtained.
  • the display substrate 1001 further includes a collimating optical layer 8 arranged between the plurality of photosensitive units 1 and the pixel layer 6.
  • the structure of the collimating optical layer 8 can be selected and set according to actual needs.
  • the collimating optical layer 8 is usually formed on the surface of the plurality of light sensing units 1 close to the pixel layer 6, so that the collimating optical layer 8 can effectively reduce the diffusion angle of the reflected light from the finger, so as to facilitate the collection of the light sensing unit 1
  • the reflected light from the finger after collimation by the collimating optical layer 8 is beneficial to improve the accuracy of fingerprint recognition.
  • the display substrate 1001 is a liquid crystal display substrate, and the liquid crystal display substrate includes a collimating optical layer.
  • the collimating optical layer can be used as a light source in the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 to provide the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 with light necessary for fingerprint recognition.
  • the structure of the collimating optical layer and the structure of other films in the liquid crystal display substrate can be selected and set according to actual needs.
  • the display device 1000 includes the display substrate 1001 as described in the above embodiments.
  • the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure are the same as the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the display substrate provided by some of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the display device is an OLED display device, an LCD display device, a QLED display device, a Mini LED display device, or a Micro LED display device.
  • the above-mentioned display device may be any device that is applied to the display field, whether it is a moving (for example, video) or a fixed (for example, a still image), and whether it is a text or a picture image. More specifically, it is expected that the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of electronic devices, including but not limited to mobile phones, wireless devices, personal data assistants (Portable Android Device, abbreviated as PAD), handheld Or portable computer, GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver/navigator, camera, MP4 (full name MPEG-4 Part 14) video player, camcorder, TV monitor, flat panel display, computer monitor, aesthetics Structure (for example, for a display that displays an image of a piece of jewelry), etc.
  • PDA personal data assistants
  • PAD personal data assistants
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • MP4 full name MPEG-4 Part 14
  • the application of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100 in some of the above embodiments is not limited to the display field. Other devices or equipment that require fingerprint recognition are also applicable.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a fingerprint identification device, such as a fingerprint time attendance machine.
  • a fingerprint identification device such as a fingerprint time attendance machine.
  • the fingerprint recognition device can not only accurately recognize the user's fingerprint, but also recognize the reflected light of the real and fake fingers, so as to avoid the security of the fingerprint recognition device. Hidden dangers, thereby causing losses to the user’s property safety.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a fingerprint identification method, which is applied to the fingerprint identification sensor 100 and any display device or fingerprint identification device including the fingerprint identification sensor 100 in some of the above embodiments.
  • fingerprint identification methods include S100 ⁇ S200.
  • S100 Collect at least two different monochromatic spectrum lines of the reflected light from the finger.
  • the reflected light from the finger is polychromatic light, that is, the light irradiated to the finger should be a composite light including at least two monochromatic lights of different wavelengths, such as white light.
  • the light irradiated to the finger is provided by an external light source or a built-in light source of the fingerprint recognition sensor 100, either.
  • S200 Determine, according to the difference between the signal amounts of any two spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic light spectral lines, that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the fingerprint identification method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure are the same as the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the fingerprint identification sensor provided by some of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • S200 includes S210 to S220.
  • S210 Determine the absolute value of the difference between the signal quantities of any two spectral lines in the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights.
  • S220 Determine whether the absolute value of the difference value is less than a first threshold. If so, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the mid-ridge of the fingerprint, and if not, the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the mid-valley of the fingerprint.
  • the spectra of the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light in the reflected light of the finger can be determined.
  • the above-mentioned first threshold is selected and set according to actual needs, and can be reasonably determined according to the signal amount range of the corresponding spectral line in the spectra of the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light, which is not limited in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor is configured to collect the red light spectrum line and the green light spectrum line in the reflected light of the finger, if the finger reflection light is the ridge reflection light, it can be known that the corresponding red light spectrum line and the green light spectrum line The difference between the amount of signals that can be collected between the two light spectrum lines is usually zero or close to zero; and if the reflected light of the finger is the valley reflected light, it can be seen that both the red light spectrum line and the green light spectrum line can be collected. The semaphore has a large difference. Based on this, the first threshold can be set to a value close to zero.
  • each light sensing unit in the fingerprint recognition sensor After using each light sensing unit in the fingerprint recognition sensor to effectively collect the red light spectrum line and the green light spectrum line in the reflected light of the finger, according to the relationship between the absolute value of the difference between the two signal amounts and the first threshold value, it can be It is determined whether the correspondingly collected finger reflection light is ridge reflection light or valley reflection light, that is, fingerprint imaging can be realized according to the collected finger reflection light.
  • the contrast between the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light can be made Larger, so as to accurately determine whether the reflected light from the finger is the valley reflected light or the ridge reflected light in the fingerprint, so as to effectively improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy, use reliability and safety of the fingerprint recognition sensor.
  • the method for identifying valley reflected light and ridge reflected light in the reflected light of the finger is not limited to the above-mentioned examples.
  • the second threshold and the third threshold are respectively set so that the second threshold is smaller than the third threshold. Then, by judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the spectral line signal quantities of the two monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger is smaller than the second threshold or greater than the third threshold, the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light of the reflected light of the finger can also be identified.
  • the boundary between the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light in the reflected light of the finger can be made clearer.
  • S200 includes S’210 to S’220.
  • S'220 Judge whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a second threshold or larger than a third threshold; where the second threshold is smaller than the third threshold.
  • the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the reflected light from the finger is the imaging light in the valley of the fingerprint.
  • each light sensing unit in the fingerprint recognition sensor is used to collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger, according to the signals of the spectral lines of the two different monochromatic lights
  • the difference between the amount of light and the second or third threshold can effectively increase the contrast between the valley reflected light and the ridge reflected light, so as to more accurately determine whether the finger reflected light is valley reflected light or ridge reflected light. Further improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy, use reliability and security of the fingerprint recognition sensor.
  • collecting the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights of the reflected light from the finger further includes: collecting the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights while collecting the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights. The light intensity of the reflected light from the finger is collected.
  • determining that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint according to the difference between the signal amounts of any two of the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic lights, and further includes: The difference between the signal quantities of any two spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic light spectral lines and the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger determine that the reflected light of the finger is the imaging light of the valley or ridge of the fingerprint.
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor is used to simultaneously collect the spectral lines of at least two different monochromatic lights in the reflected light from the finger and the light intensity of the reflected light from the finger, and the spectral lines of the two monochromatic lights in the reflected light from the finger.
  • the method of fingerprint recognition by line and the method of fingerprint recognition according to the light intensity of the reflected light of the finger are combined to obtain a fingerprint image with a higher contrast between light and dark, which can further improve the fingerprint recognition accuracy, use reliability and security of the fingerprint recognition sensor .
  • the fingerprint identification method further includes S300.
  • S300 Determine whether the reflected light of the finger is the reflected light of the real finger or the reflected light of the fake finger according to the difference between the signal amounts of any two of the spectral lines of the at least two different monochromatic light.
  • the fingerprint identification method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is based on the optical characteristics of human skin.
  • the finger Compared with the fingerprint sleeve made of silica gel and other materials, the finger has the characteristic of selective absorption of the light spectrum incident on it, and the reflected light formed by it and the fingerprint sleeve will have a significantly different spectrum.
  • the reflected light of the finger is ridge reflected light, then the difference between the signal amount of the red spectral line and the green spectral line will be zero or close to zero, but the red spectral line in the ridge reflected light formed by the fingerprint cover The difference between the signal amount of the green spectrum line and the green spectrum line will be large, and there is a clear difference between the two.
  • the fingerprint recognition process based on a reasonably set threshold, after comparing the signal amount of the spectral lines of the two monochromatic lights in the reflected light of the finger with the corresponding threshold, it can be determined that the reflected light of the finger is true.
  • Finger reflection light that is, the direct reflection light of the user's finger
  • fake finger reflection that is, the reflection light formed by fingerprint sleeves and other similar parts that imitate fingerprints
  • the fingerprint recognition sensor and its application equipment are safe to use.

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Abstract

一种指纹识别传感器，包括：衬底；以及，设置于所述衬底上的至少一个光感单元，所述至少一个光感单元配置为采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，以识别指纹。

Description

指纹识别传感器、显示基板、显示装置及指纹识别方法 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种指纹识别传感器、显示基板、显示装置及指纹识别方法。
背景技术
随着科技的发展，指纹识别传感器在日常生活中的应用越来越广泛。按照指纹成像原理，指纹识别传感器可以划分为光学式传感器、半导体电容式传感器、半导体热敏式传感器、半导体压感式传感器和超声波式传感器等。
发明内容
一方面，提供一种指纹识别传感器。所述指纹识别传感器，包括：衬底、以及设置于所述衬底上的至少一个光感单元，所述至少一个光感单元配置为采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，以识别指纹。
在一些实施例中，所述指纹识别传感器，还包括：设置于所述衬底上的至少一个点光源。所述至少一个点光源配置为向手指提供由至少两种不同波长的单色光合成的复色光。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个光感单元中的每个包括至少两个子光感单元。所述至少两个子光感单元能够一一对应地采集所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个子光感单元中的每个子光感单元包括：光敏二极管、与所述光敏二极管电连接的薄膜晶体管、以及位于所述光敏二极管的入光侧的滤光部。同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同。
在一些实施例中，所述滤光部包括色阻层。同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的所述色阻层的颜色不同。
在一些实施例中，同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的所述色阻层的颜色至少包括红色和绿色。
另一方面，提供一种显示基板。所述显示基板包括如上一些实施例所述的指纹识别传感器，以及位于所述至少一个光感单元的入光侧的像素层。
在一些实施例中，所述显示基板为有机发光二极管基板。所述像素层包括多个像 素。在所述指纹识别传感器包括至少一个点光源的情况下，所述多个像素中的至少一个像素为所述至少一个点光源中的一个点光源。
又一方面，提供一种显示装置。所述显示装置包括如上一些实施例所述的显示基板。
又一方面，提供一种指纹识别方法。所述指纹识别方法，包括：采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线；根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
在一些实施例中，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，包括：判断所述差值的绝对值是否小于第一阈值；如果是，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线；如果否，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线。
在另一些实施例中，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，包括：判断所述差值的绝对值是小于第二阈值，还是大于第三阈值；如果所述差值的绝对值小于第二阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线；如果所述差值的绝对值大于第三阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线。所述第二阈值小于所述第三阈值。
在一些实施例中，所述指纹识别方法，还包括：在采集所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线的同时采集所述手指反射光的光强度。根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，还包括：根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值以及所述手指反射光的光强度，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
在一些实施例中，所述指纹识别方法，还包括：根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为真手指反射光或假手指反射光。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开一些实施例中的技术方案，下面将对一些实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种指纹采集原理的示意图；
图2为根据图1所示的指纹采集原理得到的一种指纹像的示意图；
图3为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种皮肤的光学特性图；
图4为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种指纹识别传感器的结构示意图；
图5为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种光感单元的结构示意图；
图6为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种子光感单元的电路原理图；
图7为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种光感单元的分布示意图；
图8为根据本公开一些实施例中的另一种光感单元的结构示意图；
图9为根据本公开一些实施例中的另一种光感单元的分布示意图；
图10为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种手指反射光中谷反射光的光谱示意图；
图11为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种手指反射光中脊反射光的光谱示意图；
图12为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种子光感单元的结构示意图；
图13为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种指纹识别传感器的制作方法的步骤示意图；
图14为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图15为根据本公开一些实施例中的另一种指纹像的示意图；
图16为根据本公开一些实施例中的另一种显示基板的结构示意图；
图17为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
图18为根据本公开一些实施例中的一种指纹识别方法的流程示意图；
图19为根据本公开一些实施例中的另一种指纹识别方法的流程示意图；
图20为根据本公开一些实施例中的又一种指纹识别方法的流程示意图；
图21为根据本公开一些实施例中的又一种指纹识别方法的流程示意图；
图22为根据本公开一些实施例中的又一种指纹识别方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开一些实施例中的附图，对本公开一些实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的一些实施例，本领域普通技术人员所能获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
光学式指纹识别传感器，特别是光学式屏下指纹识别传感器，主要是依靠光线照射至手指后的反射光信号(也即手指反射光)来获取指纹的纹路。
在本公开一些实施例中，请参阅图1，光线在照射至手指01后会获得不同的反射 光线，其中，脊反射光(a)为手指01指纹中脊的反射光线，谷反射光(b)为手指01指纹中谷的反射光线，脊反射光(a)和谷反射光(b)的光强度不同。指纹识别传感器在采集上述脊反射光(a)和谷反射光(b)之后，能够根据脊反射光(a)和谷反射光(b)形成如图2所示的明暗相间的指纹像。
需要补充的是，请继续参阅图1，在手指01与指纹识别传感器接触的情况下，手指01指纹中的脊与指纹识别传感器的表面直接接触，手指01指纹中的谷与指纹识别传感器的表面之间留有空气。这样照射至手指指纹中脊的光线会先穿过指纹识别传感器进入手指内，再被反射或散射回指纹识别传感器中，而照射至手指指纹中谷的光线会被指纹识别传感器与空气接触的表面反射回指纹识别传感器中。
基于人体皮肤的光学特性，在光线进入手指内部后，手指内的人体色素能够对该光线的光谱线进行选择性的吸收，也即能够改变照射至手指指纹中脊的光线的光谱线。光谱线是指光线经过色散系统(如棱镜或光栅)等分光后，各被色散开的单色光按波长(或频率)的大小而依次排列的图案，全称为光学频谱线。
示例的，人体皮肤的光学特性如图3所示，其中，曲线M配置为表征人体皮肤对光线的反射比，曲线N配置为表征人体皮肤对光线的透射比，曲线L配置为表征人体皮肤对光线的吸收比。这样与初始照射至手指指纹中脊的光线相比，指纹识别传感器能够采集到的脊反射光(b)的光谱线会发生变化。当然，照射至手指指纹中谷的光线并不进入手指内，这样指纹识别传感器能够采集到的谷反射光(a)的光谱线与初始相比并不会发生变化。
可见，手指反射光中的谷反射光(a)和脊反射光(b)分别具有不同的光谱线。
基于此，本公开一些实施例提供了一种指纹识别传感器。请参阅图4，指纹识别传感器100包括：衬底10、以及设置于衬底10上的至少一个光感单元1。所述至少一个光感单元1配置为采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，以识别指纹。
上述衬底10作为光感单元1的载体，衬底10为刚性衬底或柔性衬底，均可。示例的，衬底10为玻璃基板。
上述光感单元1的数量及其结构，可以根据实际需求选择设置，以能实现其对手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线的采集为准。此处，光感单元1能够对手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线进行采集，是指光感单元1能够根据手指反射光中至少两种不同的单色光分别输出配置为表征对应单色光的光谱线的电信号。
这样在利用光感单元1采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线之后，根 据该至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量(即，在光感单元1对相应的光线进行光电转换后所能获取的电流或电量的读取值，通常可以表征光线强度，例如吸光度)的差值，能够精准地确定该手指反射光是指纹中谷的成像光线(即谷反射光)，还是脊的成像光线(即脊反射光)，以提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度及使用可靠性。
并且，上述指纹识别传感器100对指纹的识别原理，是基于人体皮肤的光学特性进行的。这样与采用了硅胶等材料制作的指纹套相比，手指对入射至其的光线的光谱具有选择性吸收的特点，且其与指纹套所能形成的反射光将具有明显不同的光谱。因此，在使用指纹识别传感器100进行指纹识别的过程中，根据手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线，可以确定该手指反射光为真手指反射光(即用户手指的直接反射光)，还是假手指反射光(即通过指纹套等类似仿制有指纹的部件形成的反射光)，从而降低指纹识别过程中的安全隐患，以有效提升指纹识别传感器100的使用安全性。
此外，利用指纹识别传感器100中的各光感单元1，还可以在采集手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线的同时采集手指反射光的光强度，以根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值以及手指反射光的光强度，确定手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。这样能够将根据手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线识别指纹的方式和根据手指反射光的光强度识别指纹的方式相结合起来，以获得具有较高明暗对比度的指纹像，从而能够进一步提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度、使用可靠性及使用安全性。
当然，上述手指反射光通常为复色光，也即照射至手指的光线应为包含至少两种不同波长的单色光在内的复合光，例如白光。此处，照射至手指的光线由外部光源或指纹识别传感器100的内置光源提供，均可。
在一些实施例中，请继续参阅图4，指纹识别传感器100还包括：设置于衬底10上的至少一个点光源2；所述至少一个点光源2配置为向手指01提供由至少两种不同波长的单色光合成的复色光。
可选的，点光源2为白光有机发光二极管(White Organic Light Emitting Diode，简称WOLED)或白光发光二极管(White-Light Emitting Diode，简称W-LED)等。
本公开一些实施例对点光源2在衬底10上的设置位置不做限定。可选的，点光源2位于上述至少一个光感单元1的远离衬底10的一侧，点光源2出射的光线在照射至手指后能够被反射回至少一个光感单元1中。当然，点光源2设置于上述至少一个光 感单元1和衬底10之间，也是允许的；在此情况下，至少一个光感单元1不得对点光源2的出射光线造成遮挡。
在一些示例中，指纹识别传感器100还包括透光盖板3，例如玻璃盖板。透光盖板3通常设置于上述至少一个光感单元1和至少一个点光源2的远离衬底10的一侧。
在一些实施例中，每个光感单元1包括至少两个子光感单元，且该至少两个子光感单元能够一一对应地采集上述的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线。
在一些示例中，如图5所示，每个光感单元1包括两个子光感单元，分别为第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元12。其中，第一子光感单元11包括：第一光敏二极管111、与第一光敏二极管111电连接的第一薄膜晶体管112、以及位于第一光敏二极管111的入光侧的第一滤光部113。第二子光感单元12包括：第二光敏二极管121、与第二光敏二极管121电连接的第二薄膜晶体管122、以及位于第二光敏二极管121的入光侧的第二滤光部123。第一滤光部113和第二滤光部123允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同。这也就是说，同一个光感单元1中的不同子光感单元的滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同，使得各子光感单元能够分别采集不同单色光的光谱线。
示例的，同一个光感单元1中的不同子光感单元的滤光部分别采用不同颜色的色阻层。例如，第一滤光部113为绿色色阻层，第二滤光部123为红色色阻层。这样不仅方便于制作各光感单元1，也有利于降低各光感单元1的生产成本。
由上可知，第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元12的区别在于二者滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同。除此之外，第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元12具有相同的光信号采集原理。以下以第一子光感单元11为例，对其采集对应单色光的光谱线的过程进行说明。
在第一子光感单元11中，如图6所示，第一薄膜晶体管112的控制极与一栅线(Gate Line)电连接，第一薄膜晶体管112的第一极与一数据线(Data Line)电连接，第一薄膜晶体管112的第二极与第一光敏二极管111的阳极电连接。第一光敏二极管111的阴极与电源电压端(VDD端)电连接。第一滤光部113位于第一光敏二极管111的入光侧。手指反射光在通过第一滤光部113照射至第一光敏二极管111上之后，控制第一光敏二极管111导通。在栅线控制第一薄膜晶体管导通的情况下，第一光敏二极管111能够根据手指反射光中经由第一滤光部113滤光后的单色光，输出电信号至数据线，从而完成第一子光感单元11对相应单色光的光谱线的采集。
此外，在指纹识别传感器100包括多个光感单元1的情况下，如图7所示，多个 光感单元1通常呈阵列状设置。
可选的，如图7所示，指纹识别传感器100还包括设置于衬底上的栅驱动电路4和数据处理电路5，其中，每一行的各子光感单元中的薄膜晶体管的栅极通过一条栅线与栅驱动电路4电连接，每一列的各子光感单元中的薄膜晶体管的第一极通过一条数据线与数据处理电路5电连接。这样通过栅驱动电路4控制对应子光感单元中的薄膜晶体管导通，能够使得各子光感单元在采集到配置为表征单色光的光谱线的电信号的情况下，通过对应的数据线将该电信号输出至数据处理电路5，以由数据处理电路5进行数据处理来完成指纹的识别。
上述薄膜晶体管的控制极通常为栅极，其第一极为源极或漏极，均可。例如，薄膜晶体管的第一极为源极，第二极为漏极；或者，薄膜晶体管的第一极为漏极，第二极为源极。
在有效采集手指反射光后，通过对手指反射光进行精确的光谱分析，能够确定手指反射光中谷反射光的光谱通常如图10所示，脊反射光的光谱通常如图11所示。此处，手指反射光的光谱分析，可以通过相关技术中的各光谱分析仪器进行，其分析精度与对应光谱分析仪器的结构相关。
根据图10和图11所表达的含义可知，谷反射光中的蓝光(波长400nm～480nm)、绿光(波长500nm～560nm)和红光(波长600nm～660nm)各自能够被采集到的信号量不同，且两两之间具有较大差异。而脊反射光中的绿光(波长500nm～560nm)和红光(波长600nm～660nm)二者能够被采集到的信号量基本相同。脊反射光中的蓝光(波长400nm～480nm)能够被采集到的信号量与其绿光能够被采集到的信号量之间虽然具有差异，但该差异远小于谷反射光中蓝光与绿光能够被采集到的信号量的差异。
基于图10和图11所示的光谱图可知，在第一滤光部113为绿色光阻层、第二滤光部123为红色色阻层的情况下，若该光感单元1采集的手指反射光中绿光的光谱线的信号量为Sg，红光的光谱线的信号量为Sr，且二者信号量的差值(即Sg-Sr)为零或接近于零，则该手指反射光为脊反射光，能够作为指纹中脊的成像光线。反之，若二者信号量的差值的绝对值(即∣Sg-Sr∣)大于第一阈值T 1，则该手指反射光为谷反射光，能够作为指纹中谷的成像光线。由此，本公开一些实施例提供的指纹识别传感器，通过对手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线信号量的差值与第一阈值T 1的大小关系进行判断，能够使得谷反射光和脊反射光之间的对比度较大，从而精准地确定该手指反射光是指纹中的谷反射光还是脊反射光，以有效提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精 度和使用可靠性。
此处，第一阈值T 1根据实际需求选择设置，本公开一些实施例对此不作限定。
此外，上述指纹识别传感器对指纹的识别，是基于人体皮肤的光学特性进行的。这样与采用了硅胶等材料制作的指纹套相比，手指对入射至其的光线的光谱具有选择性吸收的特点，且其与指纹套所能形成的反射光将具有明显不同的光谱。例如，手指反射光为脊反射光，那么其中红光光谱线和绿光光谱线的信号量的差值将为零或接近于零，但是指纹套所形成的脊反射光中的红光光谱线和绿光光谱线的信号量的差值将较大，二者存在明显区别。
因此，在指纹识别过程中，基于合理设定的阈值(例如：0±C，C为一常数)，在对手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值与对应阈值进行比较后，可以确定该手指反射光为真手指反射光(即用户手指的直接反射光)，还是假手指反射光(即通过指纹套等类似仿制有指纹的部件形成的反射光)，以降低指纹识别过程中的安全隐患，从而有效提升对应指纹识别传感器及其应用设备的使用安全。
当然，手指反射光中谷反射光和脊反射光的识别方法，并不仅于上述实施例。在另一些示例中，分别设定第二阈值T 2和第三阈值T 3，使得第二阈值T 2小于第三阈值T 3(即T 2小于T 3)。那么通过判断手指反射光中绿光光谱线与红光光谱线二者信号量的差值的绝对值(即∣Sg-Sr∣)是小于第二阈值T 2，还是大于第三阈值T 3，同样能够识别手指反射光的谷反射光和脊反射光。例如，如果二者信号量的差值的绝对值(即∣Sg-Sr∣)小于第二阈值T 2，则该手指反射光为脊反射光，能够作为指纹中脊的成像光线；如果二者信号量的差值的绝对值(即∣Sg-Sr∣)大于第三阈值T 3，则所述手指反射光为谷反射光，能够作为指纹中谷的成像光线。
通过第二阈值T 2和第三阈值T 3，可以使得手指反射光中谷反射光和脊反射光二者之间的界限更为明确。这样，在利用各光感单元1中的第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元分别采集手指反射光中两种不同单色光的光谱线之后，根据该两种不同单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值与第二阈值T 2或第三阈值T 3的大小，能够有效增大谷反射光和脊反射光之间的对比度，从而更为精准地确定该手指反射光是谷反射光还是脊反射光，以进一步提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度和使用可靠性。
在另一些示例中，如图8所示，每个光感单元1包括三个子光感单元，分别为第一子光感单元11、第二子光感单元12和第三子光感单元13。其中，第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元12的结构同前述一些示例，此处不做赘述。第三子光感单元13 包括：第三光敏二极管131、与第三光敏二极管131电连接的第三薄膜晶体管132、以及位于第三光敏二极管131的入光侧的第三滤光部133。第一滤光部113、第二滤光部123和第三滤光部133允许透过的光信号的波长范围均不同。这也就是说，同一个光感单元1中的不同子光感单元的滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同，使得各子光感单元能够分别采集不同单色光的光谱线。
此外，在指纹识别传感器100包括多个光感单元1的情况下，如图9所示，多个光感单元1通常呈阵列状设置。
由于第一子光感单元11、第二子光感单元12和第三子光感单元13的区别在于三者的滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同。除此之外，第一子光感单元11、第二子光感单元12和第三子光感单元13具有相同的光信号采集原理，可以参见前述一些实施例中的相关表述，此处不再详述。
在光感单元1如图8所示的情况下，第一子光感单元11、第二子光感单元12和第三子光感单元13能够分别采集不同单色光的光谱线。例如，第一子光感单元11的第一滤光部113为绿色色阻层，第一子光感单元11能够采集绿光的光谱线。第二子光感单元12的第二滤光部123为红色色阻层，第二子光感单元12能够采集红光的光谱线。第三子光感单元13的第三滤光部123为蓝色色阻层，第三子光感单元13能够采集蓝光的光谱线。当然，不同子光感单元中的各滤光部也可以采用其他滤色带宽更窄的材料，例如：光学介质膜。
由此，在利用光感单元1采集手指反射光的三种单色光(例如绿光、红光和蓝光)的光谱线之后，根据这三种单色光中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，能够确定该手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。也即，从所述三种单色光中选择任两种单色光(例如：红光和绿光，或红光和蓝光，或绿光和蓝光)，然后根据选择后的两种单色光对应的光谱线的信号量的差值，便可以相应确定对应的手指反射光是指纹中谷的成像光线，还是脊的成像光线。
此处，根据选择后的两种单色光对应的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线的方法，可以参照前述一些实施例中的相关记载进行，不再赘述。
当然，结合图10和图11可知，红光的光谱线的信号量与绿光的光谱线的信号量之间的差值，在手指反射光为谷反射光或手指反射光为脊反射光时明显不同。因此，在一些实施例中，同一个光感单元1中的不同子光感单元的色阻层的颜色至少包括红 色和绿色，能够获得较高的对比度，从而提高指纹的识别精度。
需要说明的是，上述光感单元1中子光感单元的数量并不限于两个或三个，还可以为更多个。并且，本公开一些实施例对同一光感单元1中不同子光感单元的滤光部允许透过的光信号的中心波长不予限定，其根据实际需求选择设置即可。可选的，第一子光感单元11的第一滤光部113允许透过的光信号的中心波长为534nm，第二子光感单元12的第二滤光部123允许透过的光信号的中心波长为622nm。
综上所述，在本公开的一些实施例中，通过每一光感单元3中的至少两个子光感单元，能够一一对应的采集手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，以根据该至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。由于谷反射光和脊反射光二者的光谱具有明显不同，因此根据手指反射光中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值来确定其为指纹中谷的成像光线还是脊的成像光线，能够具有较高的对比度和较高的识别精度。
为了更清楚的说明上述一些实施例中指纹识别传感器100的结构，图12示出了指纹识别传感器100中一种子光感单元(例如第一子光感单元11)的剖面图。
请参阅图12，在第一子光感单元11中，第一薄膜晶体管112位于衬底10上，第一薄膜晶体管112包括：依次层叠设置的栅极1121、栅绝缘层1122和有源层1123，以及与有源层1123分别电连接的第一极1124和第二极1125。
第一子光感单元11还包括：位于第一薄膜晶体管112的第一极1124和第二极1125二者的远离衬底10的表面上的第一钝化层114。第一光敏二极管111位于第一薄膜晶体管112的远离衬底10的一侧，通常形成在第一钝化层114的远离衬底10的表面上。第一光敏二极管111包括沿远离衬底10的方向上层叠设置的阳极1111、PIN光敏层1112和阴极1113，其中，阳极1111与第一薄膜晶体管112的第二极1125电连接，阳极1111为金属电极或透光电极均可。阴极1113位于PIN光敏层1112的入光侧，阴极1113为透光电极，例如氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)电极。
请继续参阅图12，第一子光感单元11还包括：层叠设置于第一钝化层114和第一光敏二极管111二者的远离衬底10的表面上的封装层115、平坦层116以及第二钝化层117。封装层115能够对第一薄膜晶体管112和第一光敏二极管111进行封装保护，以避免外界环境影响第一薄膜晶体管112和第一光敏二极管111的导电性能。第二钝化层117的表面上设有与电源电压端电连接的导线118，第一光敏二极管111的阴极1113通过导线118与电源电压端(VDD端)电连接。
请继续参阅图12，第一子光感单元11还包括：位于导线118的远离衬底10的一侧的缓冲层119。缓冲层119多采用无机材料制作形成，具有较高的支撑强度。第一滤光部113位于缓冲层119的远离衬底10的一侧，且PIN光敏层1112在衬底10上的正投影位于第一滤光部113在衬底10上的正投影内。
此外，第一子光感单元11还包括：位于缓冲层119的远离衬底10的一侧的绑定线路120，方便于利用绑定线路120实现其内各电极或导线与外部电路的电连接。
在上述一些实施例中，光感单元1中的各子光单元均可采用如图12所示的结构或者其他能够实现对应单色光的光谱线采集的结构，本公开一些实施例对此不做限定。
在制作指纹识别传感器100的过程中，每一光感单元1中各子光感单元的制作步骤可以参考图13进行。图13以子光感单元为第一子光感单元11进行了示例。首先，如图13(a)所示，提供一衬底10，并在衬底10上制作各子光感单元中除了滤光部的部分，也即各子光感单元中的薄膜晶体管和光敏二极管等。然后，如图13(b)所示，在已制作完成各子光感单元的部分的衬底10上涂覆第一滤光层1130，并根据光掩模(MASK)对第一滤光层1130进行光刻，便可以得到如图13(c)所示的多个第一滤光部113，也即完成各第一子光感单元11的制作。
本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示基板。如图14所示，显示基板1001包括如上述任一实施例所述的指纹识别传感器100，以及位于指纹识别传感器100中各光感单元1的入光侧的像素层6。此处，光感单元1的入光侧是指光感单元1配置为接收手指反射光的一侧。本公开一些实施例提供的显示基板所能实现的有益效果，与上述一些实施例提供的指纹识别传感器所能达到的有益效果相同，在此不做赘述。
上述指纹识别传感器100集成在显示基板1001内，可以利用显示基板1001内的发光器件或光源为指纹识别传感器100提供光信号，也即将显示基板1001内的发光器件或光源作为对应指纹识别传感器100的光源。并且，指纹识别传感器100作为独立的元件集成在显示基板1001内，或者与显示基板1001内的其他元件一体集成，均可。本公开一些实施例对指纹识别传感器100在显示基板1001内的设置方式不予限定，根据实际需求选择设置即可。
在一些示例中，请继续参阅图14，显示基板1001为有机发光二极管(Organic Light Emitting Diode，简称OLED)基板。像素层6包括多个像素60，将该多个像素60中的至少一个像素60作为指纹识别传感器100中的一个点光源，可以利用该至少一个像素60发出的白光作为指纹识别传感器100待采集的手指反射光的初始光线。
OLED基板中各像素60内OLED的类型，与OLED基板的显示模式及其结构相关。
可选的，OLED基板采用RGB色彩显示模式，OLED基板采用“WOLED+彩色滤光膜”的结构，也即该OLED基板中的各OLED均为WOLED，每个像素60包括三个WOLED以及分别位于各WOLED出光侧的彩色滤光膜(包括红色滤光膜、绿色滤光膜和蓝色滤光膜)。如此，能够将OLED基板中的至少一个像素60作为指纹识别传感器100的一个点光源，也即将该至少一个像素60发出的白光作为指纹识别传感器100待采集的手指反射光的初始光线。
可选的，OLED基板采用RGB色彩显示模式，OLED基板采用彩光OLED的结构，也即该OLED基板中的各OLED包括红光OLED、绿光OLED和蓝光OLED三类，每个像素60包括红光OLED、绿光OLED和蓝光OLED三个发光器件，且每个像素60内的三个发光器件所出射的光线在混合后呈白光。这样，将至少一个像素60对应的多个彩光OLED共同作为指纹识别传感器100的一个点光源，可以方便地使用该至少一个像素60发出的白光作为指纹识别传感器100待采集的手指反射光的初始光线。
示例的，如图14所示，显示基板1001为OLED基板，该OLED基板包括衬底10、多个光感单元1和像素层6等，其中，多个光感单元1设置于衬底10上，每个光感单元1包括一个第一子光感单元11和一个第二子光感单元12，其中，第一子光感单元11和第二子光感单元12的结构同前述一些实施例中所述。像素层6位于各光感单元1的远离衬底10的一侧，像素层6包括多个像素60。每个像素包括三个子像素，该三个子像素分别为红色子像素R、绿色子像素G和蓝色子像素B，且红色子像素R对应采用红光OLED，绿色子像素G对应采用绿光OLED，蓝色子像素B对应采用蓝光OLED。每个像素60中三个子像素对应的红光OLED、绿光OLED和蓝光OLED可以共同作为指纹识别传感器100的一个点光源2。像素层6的远离衬底10的一侧通常还设有其他的功能薄膜7，例如封装层、触控层或偏光片等。
在点亮OLED基板中的各彩光OLED之后，每个像素对应的红光OLED、绿光OLED和蓝光OLED作为指纹识别传感器100的一个点光源2出射光线至用户手指，可以使得用户的手指对该光线进行反射，从而通过各光感单元1采集手指反射光中红光的光谱线和绿光的光谱线，也即通过指纹识别传感器100进行指纹识别，进而能够获得如图15所示的指纹像。
需要补充的是，在一些实施例中，如图16所示，显示基板1001还包括设置于多 个光感单元1和像素层6之间的准直光学层8。准直光学层8的结构可以根据实际需要选择设置。准直光学层8通常形成于多个光感单元1的靠近像素层6的表面上，这样利用准直光学层8能够有效减小手指反射光的扩散角度，以便于各光感单元1采集经准直光学层8准直后的手指反射光，有利于提升指纹识别精度。
此外，在另一些示例中，显示基板1001为液晶显示基板，该液晶显示基板包括准直光学层。所述准直光学层能够作为指纹识别传感器100中的光源，以向指纹识别传感器100提供指纹识别所必需的光线。准直光学层的结构以及液晶显示基板中其他薄膜的结构，根据实际需要选择设置即可。
本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示装置。如图17所示，显示装置1000包括如上一些实施例所述的显示基板1001。本公开一些实施例提供的显示装置所能实现的有益效果，与上述一些实施例提供的显示基板所能达到的有益效果相同，在此不做赘述。
在一些示例中，所述显示装置为OLED显示装置、LCD显示装置、QLED显示装置、Mini LED显示装置或Micro LED显示装置等。
本公开一些实施例提供的上述显示装置可以是应用于显示领域，不论是运动(例如，视频)的还是固定(例如，静止图像)的，且不论是文字还是图画的图像的任何装置。更明确地说，预期所述实施例可实施在多种电子装置中，所述多种电子装置包括但不限于移动电话、无线装置、个人数据助理(Portable Android Device，缩写为PAD)、手持式或便携式计算机、GPS(Global Positioning System，全球定位系统)接收器/导航器、相机、MP4(全称为MPEG-4 Part 14)视频播放器、摄像机、电视监视器、平板显示器、计算机监视器、美学结构(例如，对于显示一件珠宝的图像的显示器)等。
此外，上述一些实施例中指纹识别传感器100的应用并不仅限于显示领域中。其他需要进行指纹识别的装置或设备，也均适用。
可选的，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种指纹识别装置，例如指纹考勤机。这样基于本公开一些实施例中指纹识别传感器100的指纹识别原理，该指纹识别装置不仅能够对用户的指纹进行精准识别，还能对真假手指的反射光进行识别，以避免指纹识别装置存在安全隐患，从而对用户的财产安全造成损失。
本公开一些实施例还提供了一种指纹识别方法，应用于上述一些实施例中的指纹识别传感器100以及任一包括该指纹识别传感器100的显示装置或指纹识别装置等。
请参阅图18，指纹识别方法包括S100～S200。
S100，采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线。
此处，手指反射光为复色光，也即照射至手指的光线应为包含至少两种不同波长的单色光在内的复合光，例如白光。此处，照射至手指的光线由外部光源或指纹识别传感器100的内置光源提供，均可。
S200，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值，确定手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
本公开一些实施例提供的指纹识别方法所能实现的有益效果，与上述一些实施例提供的指纹识别传感器所能达到的有益效果相同，在此不做赘述。
在一些示例中，请参阅图19，S200包括S210～S220。
S210，确定所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值的绝对值。
S220，判断所述差值的绝对值是否小于第一阈值，如果是，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线，如果否，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线。
在采集手指反射光后，通过对手指反射光进行精确的光谱分析，能够确定手指反射光中谷反射光和脊反射光的光谱。上述第一阈值根据实际需求选择设置，可以根据所述谷反射光和脊反射光的光谱中对应光谱线的信号量范围合理确定，本公开一些实施例对此不作限定。
示例的，请结合图11，在指纹识别传感器配置为采集手指反射光中红光光谱线和绿光光谱线的情况下，若手指反射光为脊反射光，则可知对应红光光谱线和绿光光谱线二者能被采集的信号量的差值通常为零或接近于零；而若手指反射光为谷反射光，则可知对应红光光谱线和绿光光谱线二者能被采集的信号量具有较大的差值。基于此，第一阈值可以设定为一接近于零的数值。这样在利用指纹识别传感器中的各光感单元有效采集手指反射光中红光光谱线和绿光光谱线之后，根据二者信号量的差值的绝对值与第一阈值的大小关系，即可确定对应采集的手指反射光为脊反射光还是谷反射光，也即能够根据所采集的手指反射光实现指纹的成像。
在本公开一些实施例中，通过对手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线信号量的差值与第一阈值的大小关系进行判断，能够使得谷反射光和脊反射光之间的对比度较大，从而精准地确定该手指反射光是指纹中的谷反射光还是脊反射光，以有效提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度、使用可靠性及安全性。
当然，手指反射光中谷反射光和脊反射光的识别方法，并不仅于上述一些示例。在另一些示例中，分别设定第二阈值和第三阈值，使得第二阈值小于第三阈值。那么 通过判断手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线信号量的差值的绝对值是小于第二阈值，还是大于第三阈值，同样能够识别手指反射光的谷反射光和脊反射光。并且，通过设定第二阈值和第三阈值，还可以使得手指反射光中谷反射光和脊反射光二者之间的界限更为明确。
在另一些示例中，请参阅图20，S200包括S’210～S’220。
S’210，确定所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值的绝对值。
S’220，判断所述差值的绝对值是小于第二阈值，还是大于第三阈值；其中，第二阈值小于第三阈值。
如果所述差值的绝对值小于第二阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线。
如果所述差值的绝对值大于第三阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线。
在本公开一些实施例中，在利用指纹识别传感器中的各光感单元分别采集手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线之后，根据其中两种不同单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值与第二阈值或第三阈值的大小，能够有效增大谷反射光和脊反射光之间的对比度，从而更为精准地确定该手指反射光是谷反射光还是脊反射光，以进一步提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度、使用可靠性及安全性。
在另一些实施例中，请参阅图21，上述S100中采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，还包括：在采集所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线的同时采集所述手指反射光的光强度。
上述S200中，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，还包括：根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值以及所述手指反射光的光强度，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
在本公开一些实施例中，利用指纹识别传感器同时采集手指反射光中至少两种不同单色光的光谱线以及手指反射光的光强度，能够将根据手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线识别指纹的方式和根据手指反射光的光强度识别指纹的方式相结合起来，以获得具有较高明暗对比度的指纹像，从而能够进一步提升指纹识别传感器的指纹识别精度、使用可靠性及安全性。
在又一些实施例中，请参阅图22，指纹识别方法还包括S300。
S300，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种光谱线的信号量的差值， 确定所述手指反射光为真手指反射光或假手指反射光。
本公开一些实施例提供的指纹识别方法，是基于人体皮肤的光学特性进行的。这样与采用了硅胶等材料制作的指纹套相比，手指对入射至其的光线的光谱具有选择性吸收的特点，且其与指纹套所能形成的反射光将具有明显不同的光谱。例如，手指反射光为脊反射光，那么其中红光光谱线和绿光光谱线的信号量的差值将为零或接近于零，但是指纹套所形成的脊反射光中的红光光谱线和绿光光谱线的信号量的差值将较大，二者存在明显区别。因此，在指纹识别过程中，基于合理设定的阈值，在对手指反射光中两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值与对应阈值进行比较后，可以确定该手指反射光为真手指反射光(即用户手指的直接反射光)，还是假手指反射光(即通过指纹套等类似仿制有指纹的部件形成的反射光)，以降低指纹识别过程中的安全隐患，从而有效提升对应指纹识别传感器及其应用设备的使用安全。
在上述实施方式的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种指纹识别传感器，包括：
    衬底；以及，
    设置于所述衬底上的至少一个光感单元，所述至少一个光感单元配置为采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线，以识别指纹。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的指纹识别传感器，还包括：设置于所述衬底上的至少一个点光源；所述至少一个点光源配置为向手指提供由至少两种不同波长的单色光合成的复色光。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的指纹识别传感器，其中，所述至少一个光感单元中的每个包括至少两个子光感单元；所述至少两个子光感单元能够一一对应地采集所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的指纹识别传感器，其中，所述至少两个子光感单元中的每个子光感单元包括：
    光敏二极管；
    与所述光敏二极管电连接的薄膜晶体管；
    以及，位于所述光敏二极管的入光侧的滤光部；
    其中，同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的滤光部允许透过的光信号的波长范围不同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的指纹识别传感器，其中，所述滤光部包括色阻层；
    同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的所述色阻层的颜色不同。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的指纹识别传感器，其中，同一个光感单元中的不同子光感单元的所述色阻层的颜色至少包括红色和绿色。
  7. 一种显示基板，包括：如权利要求1～6任一项所述的指纹识别传感器，以及位于所述至少一个光感单元的入光侧的像素层。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的显示基板，其中，所述显示基板为有机发光二极管基板，所述像素层包括多个像素；
    在所述指纹识别传感器包括至少一个点光源的情况下，所述多个像素中的至少一个像素为所述至少一个点光源中的一个点光源。
  9. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求7或8所述的显示基板。
  10. 一种指纹识别方法，包括：
    采集手指反射光的至少两种不同单色光的光谱线；
    根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的指纹识别方法，其中，根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，还包括：
    判断所述差值的绝对值是否小于第一阈值，
    如果是，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线，
    如果否，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线；
    或，
    判断所述差值的绝对值是小于第二阈值，还是大于第三阈值，
    如果所述差值的绝对值小于第二阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中脊的成像光线，
    如果所述差值的绝对值大于第三阈值，则所述手指反射光为指纹中谷的成像光线，
    其中，所述第二阈值小于所述第三阈值。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的指纹识别方法，还包括：在采集所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线的同时采集所述手指反射光的光强度；
    根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线，还包括：
    根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值以及所述手指反射光的光强度，确定所述手指反射光为指纹中谷或脊的成像光线。
  13. 根据权利要求10～12任一项所述的指纹识别方法，还包括：
    根据所述至少两种不同单色光的光谱线中任两种单色光的光谱线的信号量的差值，确定所述手指反射光为真手指反射光或假手指反射光。
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