WO2021087677A1 - 电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机 - Google Patents

电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021087677A1
WO2021087677A1 PCT/CN2019/115394 CN2019115394W WO2021087677A1 WO 2021087677 A1 WO2021087677 A1 WO 2021087677A1 CN 2019115394 W CN2019115394 W CN 2019115394W WO 2021087677 A1 WO2021087677 A1 WO 2021087677A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron core
hole
pressure relief
adjusting member
solenoid valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/115394
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王博
周乐
黄彦鑫
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/115394 priority Critical patent/WO2021087677A1/zh
Priority to CN201980032797.4A priority patent/CN112166274A/zh
Publication of WO2021087677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021087677A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of control valves, in particular to an electromagnetic valve, an airborne spraying system and an agricultural plant protection machine.
  • the solenoid valve is a commonly used automatic control component that controls the opening and closing of the pipeline (or switching between different pipelines). It generates a magnetic field by energizing the coil in the solenoid valve, and then generates electromagnetic force to attract the iron core. To realize the opening and closing action.
  • the solenoid valve is generally provided with a return spring, so that the solenoid valve is normally open or normally closed when it is not energized. Solenoid valves generally only have two states of on/off, so solenoid valves have the advantages of simple action and high reliability and are widely used.
  • the solenoid valve inevitably has some inoperable scenarios due to structural or electrical failures.
  • the solenoid valve and the pipeline are connected by quick-release nuts.
  • the solenoid valve fails, the solenoid valve is completely removed from the pipeline by removing the nut to achieve pressure relief. It is more cumbersome; in another manual pressure relief method, an additional action device such as a pressure relief screw is set.
  • the solenoid valve fails, the action device is used to drive the moving iron core through a transmission method to achieve pressure relief, and the transmission method is easy It's stuck, and it's relatively large.
  • the invention provides an electromagnetic valve, an airborne spraying system and an agricultural plant protection machine.
  • the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
  • a solenoid valve comprising:
  • a housing for installing on a pipeline and the housing is provided with a receiving space;
  • Diaphragm installed in the housing, capable of sealing the liquid outlet of the pipeline;
  • the static iron core accommodated in the accommodating space the static iron core is arranged on the side of the moving iron core away from the diaphragm, and the static iron core is provided with a through hole, and the moving iron core is located at the Sliding in the through hole;
  • the coil assembly accommodated in the accommodation space is used to generate a magnetic field, and the coil assembly is sleeved on the moving iron core and the static iron core;
  • An elastic member located in the through hole and abutting against the moving iron core for providing an elastic force to the moving iron core
  • the pressure relief adjusting member is inserted into the through hole and is positioned in the through hole;
  • the pressure relief adjusting member When the pressure relief adjusting member moves toward the opening of the through hole in the through hole, the pressure relief adjusting member can drive the expansion and contraction of the elastic member to adjust the elastic force of the elastic member;
  • the movable iron core supports the diaphragm under the action of the elastic force, so that the diaphragm is deformed to seal the liquid outlet;
  • the movable iron core can compress the elastic member under the attraction force of the static iron core, so that the diaphragm is separated from the liquid outlet And open the liquid outlet;
  • the pressure relief adjusting member When the solenoid valve is in a fault state, the pressure relief adjusting member is operated so that the pressure relief adjusting member moves in the through hole toward the opening of the through hole, so that the elastic member recovers from deformation and drives the The movable iron core is reset, so that the diaphragm is separated from the liquid outlet to open the liquid outlet.
  • an airborne spraying system for an agricultural plant protection machine.
  • the airborne spraying system includes a water tank for installation on the frame of the agricultural plant protection machine, a pipe communicating with the water tank, and installation
  • the solenoid valve provided in the first aspect of the present invention is provided on the pipeline and matched with the liquid outlet of the pipeline.
  • an agricultural plant protection machine comprising a frame and the airborne spraying system provided in the second aspect of the present invention, the airborne spraying system being installed on the frame.
  • the solenoid valve by arranging a pressure relief regulator in the static iron core, and through the cooperation between the pressure relief regulator, the elastic part, and the movable iron core and the static iron core, the solenoid valve
  • the solenoid valve when the solenoid valve is electrically effective, the user can manually operate the pressure relief adjuster to achieve rapid manual pressure relief.
  • the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the reliability is high.
  • the pressure relief adjuster can also be operated to realize the elastic element applied to the moving iron. The elastic force of the core.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solenoid valve sealing pipe outlet in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the solenoid valve and the liquid outlet of the pipe for pressure relief and separation in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure relief adjusting member in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 100 pipeline; 110: liquid outlet; 120: water inlet; 130: first water outlet; 140: second water outlet; 200: solenoid valve; 210: housing; 220: diaphragm; 230: moving iron core; 240: Static iron core; 241: through hole; 250: coil assembly; 251: coil former; 252: coil; 253: yoke cover; 260: elastic member; 270: pressure relief adjusting member; 271: plug-in part; 272: operation End; 2721: slotted; 280: sealing ring.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a solenoid valve.
  • the solenoid valve 200 may include a housing 210, a diaphragm 220, a moving iron core 230, a static iron core 240, a coil assembly 250, an elastic member 260, and a pressure relief regulator. Pieces 270.
  • the housing 210 is used to be installed on the pipe 100, and the housing 210 is provided with a receiving space.
  • the shell 210 can be directly and detachably connected to the pipe 100 by snap connection, plug-in connection, etc., or the shell 210 can be indirectly and detachably connected to the pipe 100 by a quick-release part such as a threaded connector.
  • the shell can be designed according to specific needs. 210 is connected to the pipe 100.
  • the pipe 100 may include a liquid outlet 110 (or an air outlet), a diaphragm 220 is installed on the housing 210, and the diaphragm 220 can seal the liquid outlet 110 of the pipe 100.
  • the moving iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 are all accommodated in the accommodating space.
  • the coil assembly 250 is used to generate a magnetic field, and the coil assembly 250 is sleeved on the moving iron core 230 and the static iron core 240.
  • the moving iron core 230 abuts against the side of the diaphragm 220 away from the liquid outlet 110, the static iron core 240 is provided on the side of the moving iron core 230 away from the diaphragm 220, and the static iron core 240 is provided with a through hole 241,
  • the moving iron core 230 is slidable in the through hole 241, that is, the moving iron core 230 is slidably connected to the through hole 241.
  • the elastic member 260 is located in the through hole 241, and the elastic member 260 abuts against the movable iron core 230.
  • the elastic member 260 of this embodiment is used to provide an elastic force to the movable iron core 230.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is inserted into the through hole 241, and the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is positioned in the through hole 241.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 can drive the elastic member 260 to expand and contract to adjust the elastic force of the elastic member 260.
  • the movable iron core 230 supports the diaphragm 220 under the action of the elastic force, so that the diaphragm 220 is deformed to seal the liquid outlet 110.
  • the solenoid valve 200 can seal the liquid outlet 110 of the pipe 100. The greater the elastic force, the greater the holding force of the movable iron core 230 against the diaphragm 220, and the diaphragm 220 is applied to the liquid outlet 110.
  • the elastic force is less than the preset threshold, the diaphragm 220 It is separated from the liquid outlet 110 to realize the pressure relief effect.
  • the movable iron core 230 can compress the elastic member 260 under the suction force of the static iron core 240, so that the diaphragm 220 is separated from the liquid outlet 110 to open the liquid outlet 110.
  • the coil assembly 250 When the solenoid valve 200 is in a non-faulty state and the coil assembly 250 is energized, the coil assembly 250 generates a magnetic field, and the moving iron core 230 is attracted by the static iron core 240, so that the moving iron core 230 compresses the elastic member 260, and the moving iron core 230 drives the diaphragm
  • the 220 moves away from the liquid outlet 110, so that the diaphragm 220 is separated from the liquid outlet 110 and the liquid outlet 110 is opened to achieve a pressure relief effect.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 When the solenoid valve 200 is in a fault state, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is operated, so that the pressure relief adjusting member 270 moves in the through hole 241 toward the opening of the through hole 241, causing the elastic member 260 to recover from deformation and driving the movable iron core 230 to reset, so that The diaphragm 220 is separated from the liquid outlet 110 to open the liquid outlet 110.
  • the solenoid valve 200 is in a fault state may include that the coil assembly 250 cannot be energized due to an electrical failure of the solenoid valve 200 or the coil assembly 250 can be energized but the movable iron core 230 and the static iron core 240 cannot be engaged due to the structural failure of the solenoid valve 200 At this time, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 can be manually operated to achieve pressure relief. It should be understood that when the solenoid valve 200 is in a non-faulty state and the coil assembly 250 is not energized, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 can also be manually operated to achieve pressure relief.
  • the opening of the through hole 241 refers to the opening of one end of the through hole 241 away from the movable iron core 230.
  • a pressure relief adjusting member 270 is provided in the static iron core 240, and the pressure relief adjusting member 270, the elastic member 260, and the cooperation between the movable iron core 230 and the static iron core 240 are provided.
  • the solenoid valve 200 fails, such as when the solenoid valve 200 is electrically effective, the user can manually operate the pressure relief adjusting member 270 to achieve the purpose of rapid manual pressure relief, with simple structure, low cost and high reliability; at the same time, by operating the pressure relief adjusting member 270
  • the elastic force applied by the elastic member 260 to the movable iron core 230 can also be realized.
  • the pipe 100 may be a two-way pipe, a three-way pipe, a four-way pipe, etc.
  • the pipe 100 includes a water inlet and a water outlet, and the liquid outlet 110 is the water outlet of the pipe 100.
  • the diaphragm 220 of the solenoid valve 200 seals the water outlet, the liquid flowing in from the water inlet will not flow out of the water outlet; when the diaphragm 220 of the solenoid valve 200 is separated from the shunting port, the liquid flowing in from the water inlet will flow out of the water outlet .
  • the liquid outlet 110 is a branching port. As shown in FIG.
  • the pipe 100 is a three-way pipe, including a water inlet 120, a first water outlet 130, a second water outlet 140, and The diversion port, the water inlet 120 can be respectively communicated with the first water outlet 130 and the second water outlet 140 through the diversion port.
  • the diaphragm 220 of the solenoid valve 200 seals the diversion port, the water inlet 120 is separated from the first water outlet 130 and the second water outlet 140, and the liquid flowing in from the water inlet 120 will not flow from the first water outlet 130 and the second water outlet 130.
  • the second water outlet 140 flows out; when the diaphragm 220 of the solenoid valve 200 is separated from the shunting port, the water inlet 120 communicates with the first water outlet 130 and the second water outlet 140 through the shunting port, and the liquid flowing in from the water inlet 120 is shunting The flow is divided at the mouth and flows out from the first water outlet 130 and the second water outlet 140 respectively.
  • the surface of the housing 210 is provided with a waterproof layer, which has functions such as waterproof and corrosion resistance, so that the moving parts of the solenoid valve 200, such as the movable iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250, will not be immersed in the liquid, so the opposite motion
  • the iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 have no corrosion resistance requirements.
  • the solenoid valve 200 is suitable for various harsh working conditions and has a long service life.
  • the structure of the through hole 241 can be designed as required.
  • the through hole 241 includes a first hole portion and a second hole portion communicating with the first hole portion, and the cross-sectional size of the first hole portion is larger than that of the second hole portion. size of.
  • the movable iron core 230 is located in the first hole, and the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is located in the second hole.
  • the cross-sectional size of the movable iron core 230 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the second hole and is limited to the first hole. Department. That is, the movable iron core 230 is slidably connected to the second hole, and the opening of the through hole 241 is provided at an end of the first hole away from the second hole.
  • the first hole portion and the second hole portion are arranged coaxially.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 can be operated by rotating, pulling or other operation methods to achieve pressure relief. For example, in some embodiments, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is rotated so that the pressure relief adjusting member 270 faces in the through hole 241 The movement of the opening of the through hole 241 causes the elastic member 260 to recover its deformation and drives the movable iron core 230 to reset, so that the diaphragm 220 is separated from the liquid outlet 110 to open the liquid outlet 110. In this embodiment, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is rotationally matched with the through hole 241. Specifically, the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is rotationally matched with the first hole, and the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is rotated so that the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is in the first hole.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is a threaded member, and the through hole 241 is provided with an internal thread that is rotationally matched with the threaded member.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 includes a plug-in portion 271, the plug-in portion 271 includes an external thread, and the external thread and the internal thread are rotationally matched.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is pulled so that the pressure relief adjusting member 270 moves in the through hole 241 toward the opening of the through hole 241, causing the elastic member 260 to recover from deformation, and driving the movable iron core 230 to reset, so that the diaphragm 220 is separated from the liquid outlet 110 to open the liquid outlet 110.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is snap-fitted to the through hole 241.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is snap-fitted to the first hole. Pulling the pressure relief adjusting member 270 can make the pressure relief adjusting member 270 in The first hole portion moves toward the opening of the through hole 241.
  • the way of fitting the pressure relief adjusting member 270 and the through hole 241 is not limited to quick-release methods such as rotation and snap connection, and may also be other quick-release methods.
  • the pressure relief adjusting member 270 is provided with an operating end 272 to facilitate manual operation by the user.
  • the operating end 272 is provided at an end of the pressure relief adjusting member 270 close to the opening of the through hole 241, and the operating end 272 is exposed outside the housing 210.
  • the operating end 272 of this embodiment can be abutted and matched with the housing 210 to seal the moving iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 in the receiving space, preventing external liquid from entering the receiving space through the opening of the through hole 241,
  • This structural design prevents the moving iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 from being immersed in liquid, so there is no corrosion resistance requirement for the moving iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250, and the solenoid valve 200 is suitable It has a long service life under various harsh working conditions.
  • the operating end 272 is operated so that the pressure relief adjusting member 270 moves in the through hole 241 toward the opening of the through hole 241.
  • the operating end 272 can be operated by rotating, pulling or other operating methods, so as to realize the corresponding operation of the pressure relief adjusting member 270.
  • the embodiment in which the pressure relief adjusting member 270 includes the plug-in portion 271 is used.
  • the operating end 272 is integrally formed at one end of the plug-in portion 271.
  • a sealing ring 280 is provided between the operating end 272 and the housing 210, and the sealing ring 280 is sleeved on the pressure relief adjusting member 270.
  • the operating end 272 abuts the sealing ring 280 on the housing 210 to seal the movable iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 in the receiving space, and further prevent external liquids from passing through the through holes
  • the opening of 241 enters the containing space.
  • the sealing ring 280 can be a rubber ring or a sealing ring made of other materials.
  • the operating end 272 is provided with a slot 2721 that cooperates with the external rotating mechanism, and the operating end 272 can drive the pressure relief adjusting member 270 in the through hole 241 toward the opening of the through hole 241 under the action of the rotating force of the external rotating mechanism.
  • Mobile convenient for users to operate, and this operation mode is more labor-saving.
  • the diaphragm 220 is embedded in the housing 210, and the diaphragm 220 is exposed outside the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 is provided with a receiving groove communicating with the receiving space, and the diaphragm 220 is received in the receiving groove.
  • the two ends of the diaphragm 220 facing the moving iron core 230 are attached to the side wall of the receiving groove to seal the moving iron core 230, the static iron core 240 and the coil assembly 250 in the receiving space to prevent the outside The liquid enters the containing space through the containing groove.
  • solenoid valve 200 is suitable for various harsh working conditions and has a long service life. It should be understood that the mating manner of the diaphragm 220 and the housing 210 is not limited to this.
  • one end of the elastic member 260 is connected to the end of the movable iron core 230 facing the static iron core 240, and the other end of the elastic member 260 is matched with the pressure relief adjusting member 270 in the through hole 241.
  • the elastic element 260 abuts against the pressure relief adjusting element 270; of course, the elastic element 260 and the pressure relief adjusting element 270 can also be matched by other connection methods.
  • the type of the elastic element 260 can be selected as required.
  • the elastic element 260 is a spring, and one end of the spring away from the movable iron core 230 abuts against the pressure relief adjusting element 270.
  • the elastic member 260 is an elastic structure made of a flexible material, such as an elastic structure made of a flexible material such as rubber or plastic.
  • a fixing groove is provided on the side of the moving iron core 230 facing the static iron core 240, and one end of the elastic member 260 abuts the fixing groove.
  • the coil assembly 250 may include a coil frame 251 sleeved on the moving iron core 230 and the static iron core 240, a coil 252 wound on the coil frame 251, and a yoke covering the coil frame 251
  • the cover 253 one end of the yoke cover 253 is matched with the side wall of the moving iron core 230, and the other end is matched with the side wall of the static iron core 240, and the bobbin 251 and the coil are waterproofed through the yoke cover 253.
  • the yoke cover 253 is an integral structure.
  • the yoke cover 253 includes an upper yoke cover and a lower yoke cover, the upper yoke cover is matched with the lower yoke cover, and the end of the upper yoke cover away from the lower yoke cover is sleeved on the moving iron core 230, and the lower The end of the yoke cover away from the upper yoke cover is sleeved on the static iron core 240.
  • the upper yoke cover and the lower yoke cover are butt-connected; of course, the upper yoke cover and the lower yoke cover can also be matched by other connection methods.
  • the shapes of the upper yoke cover and the lower yoke cover can be matched.
  • the upper yoke cover and the lower yoke cover are U-shaped covers that are compatible with each other.
  • housing 210 may be integrally formed on the outside of the yoke cover 253 by injection molding, so as to improve the waterproof effect of the solenoid valve 200.
  • the solenoid valve 200 may also include a power connection line, one end of the power connection line is electrically connected to the coil assembly 250, the power connection line passes through the yoke cover 253 and the housing 210, and the other end of the power connection line is exposed outside the housing 210 to It is connected with an external power source to realize power supply to the solenoid valve 200.
  • the connection between the power connection wire and the yoke cover 253 is injection-molded together, so as to realize the waterproof of the connection position of the power connection wire and the yoke cover 253.
  • solenoid valve 200 of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various equipment containing pipes, for example, an airborne spraying system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides an airborne spraying system of an agricultural plant protection machine.
  • the airborne spraying system includes a water tank, a pipe, and the solenoid valve 200 of the foregoing embodiment.
  • the water tank is used to be installed on the frame of the agricultural plant protection machine, the pipeline is connected with the water tank, the housing 210 of the solenoid valve 200 is installed on the pipeline, and the solenoid valve 200 is matched with the liquid outlet 110 of the pipeline.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an agricultural plant protection machine, which includes a frame and the airborne spraying system of the foregoing embodiment, and the airborne spraying system is installed on the frame.
  • the agricultural plant protection machine of this embodiment may be a plant protection drone or other agricultural spraying devices.

Abstract

一种电磁阀，电磁阀(200)包括外壳(210)、安装在外壳且能够密封管道的出液口的隔膜(220)、动铁芯(230)、静铁芯(240)、线圈组件(250)、弹性件(260)和泄压调节件(270)，动铁芯的一端抵接隔膜远离出液口的一侧，静铁芯设于动铁芯远离隔膜的一侧，静铁芯设有通孔(241)，动铁芯在通孔内可滑动，弹性件位于通孔内并与动铁芯抵接；泄压调节件插入通孔内；当泄压调节件在通孔中朝向通孔的开口移动时，泄压调节件能够带动弹性件伸缩；当电磁阀处于故障状态时，操作泄压调节件，使得泄压调节件在通孔中朝向通孔的开口移动，使弹性件恢复形变，带动动铁芯复位，使隔膜与出液口分离。还公开一种机载喷洒系统及农业植保机。

Description

电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机 技术领域
本发明涉及控制阀领域，尤其涉及一种电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机。
背景技术
在工业和农业等应用领域，常常需要对管道中的流体(气体或液体)进行自动控制。其中，电磁阀是一种比较常用的控制管道开闭(或切换不同管路)的自动控制部件，是通过对电磁阀中的线圈进行通电来产生磁场，进而产生电磁力，吸合铁芯，来实现开合动作。电磁阀中一般设置有复位弹簧，以使得电磁阀在不通电时常开或常闭。电磁阀一般只有开/关两个状态，因此电磁阀具有动作简单、可靠性高等优势而被广泛应用。
然而，电磁阀不可避免的存在一些由于结构或电气故障导致的无法动作的场景，当电磁阀出现上述故障时，需要手动操作电磁阀，使得电磁阀与管道的出液口分离而实现泄压。目前，其中一种手动泄压方式中，电磁阀与管道的连接采用快拆螺母的方式，当电磁阀出现故障时，通过拆卸螺母，将电磁阀整体从管道上拆卸下来而实现泄压，操作比较繁琐；另外一种手动泄压方式中，设置一个额外的动作装置如泄压螺钉，当电磁阀出现故障时，利用该动作装置通过传动方式带动动铁芯，从而实现泄压，传动方式容易卡死，并且体积较大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机。
具体地，本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种电磁阀，所述电磁阀包括：
外壳，用以安装在管道上，所述外壳设有收容空间；
隔膜，安装在所述外壳，能够密封所述管道的出液口；
收容在所述收容空间内的动铁芯，所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述隔膜远离所述出液口的一侧；
收容在所述收容空间内的静铁芯，所述静铁芯设于所述动铁芯远离所述隔膜的一侧，且所述静铁芯设有通孔，所述动铁芯在所述通孔内可滑动；
收容在所述收容空间内的线圈组件，用于产生磁场，所述线圈组件套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯；
弹性件，位于所述通孔内，并且与所述动铁芯抵接，用于提供一个弹性作用力给 所述动铁芯；以及
泄压调节件，插入所述通孔内，并且被定位于所述通孔内；
当所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动时，所述泄压调节件能够带动所述弹性件的伸缩，以调节所述弹性件的弹性作用力；
其中，当所述线圈不通电时，所述动铁芯在所述弹性作用力的作用下顶持所述隔膜，使得所述隔膜变形而密封所述出液口；
当电磁阀处于非故障状态、且所述线圈组件通电时，所述动铁芯能够在所述静铁芯的吸合力作用下压缩所述弹性件，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口；
当所述电磁阀处于故障状态时，操作所述泄压调节件，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动，致使所述弹性件恢复形变，带动所述动铁芯复位，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种农业植保机的机载喷洒系统，所述机载喷洒系统包括用于安装在农业植保机的机架上的水箱、与所述水箱连通的管道以及安装在所述管道上、并与所述管道的出液口配合的本发明第一方面提供的电磁阀。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供一种农业植保机，所述农业植保机包括机架和本发明第二方面提供的机载喷洒系统，所述机载喷洒系统安装在所述机架上。
根据本发明实施例提供的技术方案，通过在静铁芯内设置一个泄压调节件，并通过泄压调节件、弹性件以及动铁芯、静铁芯之间的配合，可在电磁阀出现故障如电磁阀电气生效时，通过用户手动操作泄压调节件实现快速手动泄压的目的，结构简单、成本低且可靠性高；同时通过操作泄压调节件还可实现弹性件施加给动铁芯的弹性作用力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一实施例中的电磁阀密封管道出液口的结构示意图；
图2是图1的局部放大示意图；
图3是本发明一实施例中的电磁阀与管道出液口泄压分离的结构示意图；
图4是图3的局部放大示意图；
图5是本发明一实施例中的泄压调节件的结构示意图。
附图标记：
100：管道；110：出液口；120：进水口；130：第一出水口；140：第二出水口；200：电磁阀；210：外壳；220：隔膜；230：动铁芯；240：静铁芯；241：通孔；250：线圈组件；251：线圈架；252：线圈；253：磁轭罩；260：弹性件；270：泄压调节件；271：插接部；272：操作端；2721：开槽；280：密封圈。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图，对本发明的电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
结合图1至图5，本发明实施例提供一种电磁阀，该电磁阀200可以包括外壳210、隔膜220、动铁芯230、静铁芯240、线圈组件250、弹性件260和泄压调节件270。其中，外壳210用于安装在管道100上，并且，外壳210设有收容空间。可以采用卡扣连接、插接等方式将外壳210直接可拆卸连接在管道100上，也可以采用快拆件如螺纹连接件将外壳210间接可拆卸连接在管道100上，具体可以根据需要设计外壳210与管道100的连接方式。
管道100可以包括出液口110(或出气口)，隔膜220安装在外壳210，且隔膜220能够密封管道100的出液口110。动铁芯230、静铁芯240以及线圈组件250均收容在收容空间内，线圈组件250用于产生磁场，并且，线圈组件250套设于动铁芯230和静铁芯240。进一步地，动铁芯230的一端抵接隔膜220远离出液口110的一侧，静铁芯240设于动铁芯230远离隔膜220的一侧，且静铁芯240设有通孔241，动铁芯230在通孔241内可滑动，也即，动铁芯230与通孔241滑动连接。弹性件260位于通孔241内，并且，弹性件260与动铁芯230抵接，本实施例的弹性件260用于提供一个弹性作用力给动铁芯230。泄压调节件270插入通孔241内，并且，泄压调节件270被定位于通孔241内。本实施例中，当泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动时，泄压调节件270能够带动弹性件260的伸缩，以调节弹性件260的弹性作用力。
其中，当线圈不通电时，动铁芯230在弹性作用力的作用下顶持隔膜220，使得隔膜220变形而密封出液口110。当线圈不通电时，电磁阀200能够对管道100的出液口110进行密封，弹性作用力越大，动铁芯230顶持隔膜220的顶持力也越大，隔膜220施加在出液口110的顶持力也越大，隔膜220密封出液口110的效果越佳，也 即，隔膜220密封出液口110的效果与弹性作用力正相关，当弹性作用力小于预设阈值时，隔膜220与出液口110分离，实现泄压效果。
当电磁阀200处于非故障状态、且线圈组件250通电时，动铁芯230能够在静铁芯240的吸合力作用下压缩弹性件260，使得隔膜220与出液口110分离而打开出液口110。当电磁阀200处于非故障状态、且线圈组件250通电时，线圈组件250产生磁场，动铁芯230被静铁芯240吸合，使得动铁芯230压缩弹性件260，动铁芯230带动隔膜220远离出液口110运动，从而使得隔膜220与出液口110分离而打开出液口110，实现泄压效果。
当电磁阀200处于故障状态时，操作泄压调节件270，使得泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动，致使弹性件260恢复形变，带动动铁芯230复位，使得隔膜220与出液口110分离而打开出液口110。其中，电磁阀200处于故障状态可以包括由于电磁阀200的电气故障导致线圈组件250无法通电或线圈组件250可以通电但由于电磁阀200的结构故障导致动铁芯230和静铁芯240不能吸合的情况，此时，可以手动操作泄压调节件270以实现泄压。应当理解地，在电磁阀200处于非故障状态、且线圈组件250未通电时，也可以手动操作泄压调节件270以实现泄压。另外，需要说明的是，通孔241的开口是指通孔241远离动铁芯230的一端开口。
本发明实施例的电磁阀200，通过在静铁芯240内设置一个泄压调节件270，并通过泄压调节件270、弹性件260以及动铁芯230、静铁芯240之间的配合，可在电磁阀200出现故障如电磁阀200电气生效时，通过用户手动操作泄压调节件270实现快速手动泄压的目的，结构简单、成本低且可靠性高；同时通过操作泄压调节件270还可实现弹性件260施加给动铁芯230的弹性作用力。
管道100可以为二通管、三通管、四通管等，当管道100为二通管时，管道100包括一个进水口和一个出水口，出液口110为管道100的出水口。当电磁阀200的隔膜220密封出水口时，由进水口流入的液体不会从出水口流出；当电磁阀200的隔膜220与分流口相分离时，由进水口流入的液体会从出水口流出。当管道100为三通或以上的管道时，出液口110为分流口，如图1所示，管道100为三通管，包括进水口120、第一出水口130、第二出水口140以及分流口，进水口120能够通过分流口与第一出水口130、第二出水口140分别连通。具体地，当电磁阀200的隔膜220密封分流口时，进水口120与第一出水口130、第二出水口140隔开，由进水口120流入的液体不会从第一出水口130和第二出水口140流出；当电磁阀200的隔膜220与分流口相分离时，进水口120通过分流口与第一出水口130、第二出水口140分别连通，由进水口120流入的液体在分流口处分流，分别由第一出水口130、第二出水口140流出。
外壳210的表面设有防水层，该防水层具有防水、耐腐蚀等功能，使得电磁阀200 动作件如动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250不会浸泡在液体中，因此对动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250无耐腐蚀要求，电磁阀200适用于各种恶劣工况，使用寿命高。
通孔241的结构可以根据需要设计，例如，通孔241包括第一孔部以及与第一孔部连通的第二孔部，第一孔部的横截面的尺寸大于第二孔部的横截面的尺寸。本实施例中，动铁芯230位于第一孔部，泄压调节件270位于第二孔部内，动铁芯230的横截面尺寸大于第二孔部的横截面尺寸而被限位于第一孔部内。也即，动铁芯230与第二孔部滑动连接，通孔241的开口设于第一孔部远离第二孔部的一端。可选地，第一孔部与第二孔部共轴设置。
可以采用转动、拉拔或其他操作方式来操作泄压调节件270以实现泄压，例如，在其中一些实施例中，转动泄压调节件270，使得泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动，致使弹性件260恢复形变，带动动铁芯230复位，使得隔膜220与出液口110分离而打开出液口110。本实施例中，泄压调节件270与通孔241转动配合，具体地，泄压调节件270与第一孔部转动配合，转动泄压调节件270，使得泄压调节件270在第一孔部中朝向通孔241的开口移动。示例性的，泄压调节件270为螺纹件，通孔241内设有与螺纹件转动配合的内螺纹。请参见图5，泄压调节件270包括插接部271，插接部271包括外螺纹，外螺纹与内螺纹转动配合。
在另外一些实施例中，拉拔泄压调节件270，使得泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动，致使弹性件260恢复形变，带动动铁芯230复位，使得隔膜220与出液口110分离而打开出液口110。可选地，泄压调节件270与通孔241卡接配合，具体地，泄压调节件270与第一孔部卡接配合，拉拔泄压调节件270，可以使得泄压调节件270在第一孔部中朝向通孔241的开口移动。
应当理解地，泄压调节件270与通孔241的配合方式不限于转动、卡接等快拆方式，还可以为其他快拆方式。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，泄压调节件270设有操作端272，方便用户手动操作。该操作端272设于泄压调节件270靠近通孔241开口的一端，且操作端272露出外壳210外。本实施例的操作端272能够与外壳210抵接配合，以将动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250密封在收容空间内，防止外部液体通过通孔241的开口进入收容空间内，这种结构设计，使得动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250不会浸泡在液体中，因此对动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250无耐腐蚀要求，电磁阀200适用于各种恶劣工况，使用寿命高。本实施例中，操作操作端272，使得泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动。也即，可以通过转动、拉拔或其他操作方式来操作操作端272，以实现对泄压调节件270的相应操作。沿用泄压调节件270包括插接部271的实施例，可选地，操作端272一体成型于插接部271的一端。
另外，在一些实施例中，操作端272与外壳210之间设有密封圈280，密封圈280套设于泄压调节件270。当线圈组件250不通电时，操作端272将密封圈280抵接在外壳210上，以将动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250密封在收容空间内，进一步防止外部液体通过通孔241的开口进入收容空间内。其中，密封圈280为可以橡胶圈，也可以选择为其他材质的密封圈。
示例性的，操作端272设有与外部转动机构配合的开槽2721，操作端272能够在外部转动机构的转动力作用下，带动泄压调节件270在通孔241中朝向通孔241的开口移动，方便用户操作，且这种操作方式更加省力。
请参见图1和图3，隔膜220嵌设于外壳210，并且，隔膜220露出外壳210外。示例性的，外壳210设有与收容空间连通的收容槽，隔膜220收容在收容槽中。进一步可选地，隔膜220朝向动铁芯230一侧的两端与收容槽的侧壁贴设连接，以将动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250密封在收容空间内，防止外部液体通过收容槽进入收容空间内，这种结构设计，使得动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250不会浸泡在液体中，因此对动铁芯230、静铁芯240和线圈组件250无耐腐蚀要求，电磁阀200适用于各种恶劣工况，使用寿命高。应当理解地，隔膜220与外壳210的配合方式也不限于此。
请参见图1和图3，弹性件260的一端与动铁芯230朝向静铁芯240的一端连接，弹性件260的另一端在通孔241内与泄压调节件270配合。可选地，弹性件260与泄压调节件270抵接；当然，弹性件260与泄压调节件270也可以采用其他连接方式进行配合。
弹性件260的类型可以根据需要选择，可选地，弹性件260为弹簧，弹簧远离动铁芯230的一端抵接泄压调节件270。可选地，弹性件260为由柔性材质制作的弹性结构，如由橡胶、塑胶等柔性材质制作的弹性结构。
为防止弹性件260脱离动铁芯230，可选地，动铁芯230朝向静铁芯240的一侧设有固定槽，弹性件260的一端与固定槽抵接。
请再次参见图1和图3，线圈组件250可以包括套设于动铁芯230和静铁芯240的线圈架251、绕设在线圈架251上的线圈252以及罩设线圈架251的磁轭罩253，磁轭罩253的一端与动铁芯230的侧壁配合，另一端与静铁芯240的侧壁配合，通过磁轭罩253对线圈架251和线圈进行防水。
可选地，磁轭罩253为一整体结构。可选地，磁轭罩253包括上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩，上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩配合，上磁轭罩远离下磁轭罩的一端套设于动铁芯230，下磁轭罩远离上磁轭罩的一端套设于静铁芯240。可选地，上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩对接；当然，上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩也可以采用其他连接方式进行配合。
上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩的形状相适配即可，可选地，上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩为相互适 配的U型罩。
另外，外壳210可以通过注塑成型的方式一体成型在磁轭罩253的外部，提高电磁阀200的防水效果。
进一步的，电磁阀200还可以包括电源连接线，电源连接线的一端与线圈组件250电连接，电源连接线穿过磁轭罩253以及外壳210，电源连接线的另一端露出外壳210外，以与外部电源连接，实现对电磁阀200的供电。将电源连接线与磁轭罩253的连接处一起注塑成型，进而可以实现电源连接线在与磁轭罩253连接位置的防水。
值得一提的是，本发明实施例的电磁阀200可以应用于各种含有管道的设备上，例如，机载喷洒系统。
本发明实施例还提供一种农业植保机的机载喷洒系统，机载喷洒系统包括水箱、管道和上述实施例的电磁阀200。其中，水箱用于安装在农业植保机的机架上，管道与水箱连通，电磁阀200的外壳210安装在管道上，并且，电磁阀200与管道的出液口110配合。
此外，本发明实施例还提供一种农业植保机，该农业植保机包括机架和上述实施例的机载喷洒系统，机载喷洒系统安装在机架上。
其中，本实施例的农业植保机可以为植保无人机，也可以为其他农业喷洒装置。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的电磁阀、机载喷洒系统及农业植保机进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (51)

  1. 一种电磁阀，其特征在于，所述电磁阀包括：
    外壳，用以安装在管道上，所述外壳设有收容空间；
    隔膜，安装在所述外壳，能够密封所述管道的出液口；
    收容在所述收容空间内的动铁芯，所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述隔膜远离所述出液口的一侧；
    收容在所述收容空间内的静铁芯，所述静铁芯设于所述动铁芯远离所述隔膜的一侧，且所述静铁芯设有通孔，所述动铁芯在所述通孔内可滑动；
    收容在所述收容空间内的线圈组件，用于产生磁场，所述线圈组件套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯；
    弹性件，位于所述通孔内，并且与所述动铁芯抵接，用于提供一个弹性作用力给所述动铁芯；以及
    泄压调节件，插入所述通孔内，并且被定位于所述通孔内；
    当所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动时，所述泄压调节件能够带动所述弹性件的伸缩，以调节所述弹性件的弹性作用力；
    其中，当所述线圈不通电时，所述动铁芯在所述弹性作用力的作用下顶持所述隔膜，使得所述隔膜变形而密封所述出液口；
    当电磁阀处于非故障状态、且所述线圈组件通电时，所述动铁芯能够在所述静铁芯的吸合力作用下压缩所述弹性件，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口；
    当所述电磁阀处于故障状态时，操作所述泄压调节件，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动，致使所述弹性件恢复形变，带动所述动铁芯复位，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述通孔包括第一孔部以及与所述第一孔部连通的第二孔部，所述第一孔部的横截面的尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面的尺寸，所述动铁芯位于所述第一孔部；
    所述泄压调节件位于所述第二孔部内，所述动铁芯的横截面尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面尺寸而被限位于所述第一孔部内。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔转动配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件为螺纹件，所述通孔内设有与所述螺纹件转动配合的内螺纹。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔卡接配合。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件设有操作端，所述操作端设于所述泄压调节件靠近所述通孔的开口的一端，且露出外壳外，所述操 作端能够与所述外壳抵接配合，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内；
    操作所述操作端，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述操作端与所述外壳之间设有密封圈，所述密封圈套设于所述泄压调节件；
    当所述线圈不通电时，所述操作端将所述密封圈抵接在所述外壳上，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述密封圈为橡胶圈。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述操作端设有与外部转动机构配合的开槽，所述操作端能够在所述外部转动机构的转动力作用下，带动所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述隔膜嵌设于所述外壳，并露出所述外壳外。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述外壳设有与所述收容空间连通的收容槽，所述隔膜收容在所述收容槽中；
    且所述隔膜朝向所述动铁芯一侧的两端与所述收容槽的侧壁贴设连接，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述弹性件的一端与所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一端连接，所述弹性件的另一端在所述通孔内与所述泄压调节件配合。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述弹性件为弹簧，所述弹簧远离所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述泄压调节件。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一侧设有固定槽，所述弹性件的一端与所述固定槽抵接。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述线圈组件包括套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯的线圈架、绕设在所述线圈架上的线圈以及罩设所述线圈架的磁轭罩；
    所述磁轭罩的一端与所述动铁芯的侧壁配合，另一端与所述静铁芯的侧壁配合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述磁轭罩包括上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩，所述上磁轭罩和所述下磁轭罩配合，所述上磁轭罩远离所述下磁轭罩的一端套设于所述动铁芯，所述下磁轭罩远离所述上磁轭罩的一端套设于所述静铁芯。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述出液口为分流口。
  18. 一种农业植保机的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述机载喷洒系统包括用于安装在农业植保机的机架上的水箱、与所述水箱连通的管道以及安装在所述管道上、并与所述管道的出液口配合的电磁阀，其中，所述电磁阀包括：
    外壳，用以安装在管道上，所述外壳设有收容空间；
    隔膜，安装在所述外壳，能够密封所述管道的出液口；
    收容在所述收容空间内的动铁芯，所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述隔膜远离所述出液口的一侧；
    收容在所述收容空间内的静铁芯，所述静铁芯设于所述动铁芯远离所述隔膜的一侧，且所述静铁芯设有通孔，所述动铁芯在所述通孔内可滑动；
    收容在所述收容空间内的线圈组件，用于产生磁场，所述线圈组件套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯；
    弹性件，位于所述通孔内，并且与所述动铁芯抵接，用于提供一个弹性作用力给所述动铁芯；以及
    泄压调节件，插入所述通孔内，并且被定位于所述通孔内；
    当所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动时，所述泄压调节件能够带动所述弹性件的伸缩，以调节所述弹性件的弹性作用力；
    其中，当所述线圈不通电时，所述动铁芯在所述弹性作用力的作用下顶持所述隔膜，使得所述隔膜变形而密封所述出液口；
    当电磁阀处于非故障状态、且所述线圈组件通电时，所述动铁芯能够在所述静铁芯的吸合力作用下压缩所述弹性件，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口；
    当所述电磁阀处于故障状态时，操作所述泄压调节件，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动，致使所述弹性件恢复形变，带动所述动铁芯复位，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述通孔包括第一孔部以及与所述第一孔部连通的第二孔部，所述第一孔部的横截面的尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面的尺寸，所述动铁芯位于所述第一孔部；
    所述泄压调节件位于所述第二孔部内，所述动铁芯的横截面尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面尺寸而被限位于所述第一孔部内。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔转动配合。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件为螺纹件，所述通孔内设有与所述螺纹件转动配合的内螺纹。
  22. 根据权利要求18或19所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔卡接配合。
  23. 根据权利要求18或19所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件设有操作端，所述操作端设于所述泄压调节件靠近所述通孔的开口的一端，且露出外壳外，所述操作端能够与所述外壳抵接配合，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内；
    操作所述操作端，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述操作端与所述外壳之间设有密封圈，所述密封圈套设于所述泄压调节件；
    当所述线圈不通电时，所述操作端将所述密封圈抵接在所述外壳上，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述密封圈为橡胶圈。
  26. 根据权利要求23所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述操作端设有与外部转动机构配合的开槽，所述操作端能够在所述外部转动机构的转动力作用下，带动所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  27. 根据权利要求18所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述隔膜嵌设于所述外壳，并露出所述外壳外。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述外壳设有与所述收容空间连通的收容槽，所述隔膜收容在所述收容槽中；
    且所述隔膜朝向所述动铁芯一侧的两端与所述收容槽的侧壁贴设连接，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  29. 根据权利要求18所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述弹性件的一端与所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一端连接，所述弹性件的另一端在所述通孔内与所述泄压调节件配合。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述弹性件为弹簧，所述弹簧远离所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述泄压调节件。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一侧设有固定槽，所述弹性件的一端与所述固定槽抵接。
  32. 根据权利要求18所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述线圈组件包括套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯的线圈架、绕设在所述线圈架上的线圈以及罩设所述线圈架的磁轭罩；
    所述磁轭罩的一端与所述动铁芯的侧壁配合，另一端与所述静铁芯的侧壁配合。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述磁轭罩包括上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩，所述上磁轭罩和所述下磁轭罩配合，所述上磁轭罩远离所述下磁轭罩的一端套设于所述动铁芯，所述下磁轭罩远离所述上磁轭罩的一端套设于所述静铁芯。
  34. 根据权利要求18所述的机载喷洒系统，其特征在于，所述出液口为分流口。
  35. 一种农业植保机，其特征在于，所述农业植保机包括机架和机载喷洒系统，所述机载喷洒系统安装在所述机架上，其中，所述机载喷洒系统包括用于安装在农业植保机的机架上的水箱、与所述水箱连通的管道以及安装在所述管道上、并与所述管道的出液口配合的电磁阀，其中，所述电磁阀包括：
    外壳，用以安装在管道上，所述外壳设有收容空间；
    隔膜，安装在所述外壳，能够密封所述管道的出液口；
    收容在所述收容空间内的动铁芯，所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述隔膜远离所述出液 口的一侧；
    收容在所述收容空间内的静铁芯，所述静铁芯设于所述动铁芯远离所述隔膜的一侧，且所述静铁芯设有通孔，所述动铁芯在所述通孔内可滑动；
    收容在所述收容空间内的线圈组件，用于产生磁场，所述线圈组件套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯；
    弹性件，位于所述通孔内，并且与所述动铁芯抵接，用于提供一个弹性作用力给所述动铁芯；以及
    泄压调节件，插入所述通孔内，并且被定位于所述通孔内；
    当所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动时，所述泄压调节件能够带动所述弹性件的伸缩，以调节所述弹性件的弹性作用力；
    其中，当所述线圈不通电时，所述动铁芯在所述弹性作用力的作用下顶持所述隔膜，使得所述隔膜变形而密封所述出液口；
    当电磁阀处于非故障状态、且所述线圈组件通电时，所述动铁芯能够在所述静铁芯的吸合力作用下压缩所述弹性件，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口；
    当所述电磁阀处于故障状态时，操作所述泄压调节件，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动，致使所述弹性件恢复形变，带动所述动铁芯复位，使得所述隔膜与所述出液口分离而打开所述出液口。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述通孔包括第一孔部以及与所述第一孔部连通的第二孔部，所述第一孔部的横截面的尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面的尺寸，所述动铁芯位于所述第一孔部；
    所述泄压调节件位于所述第二孔部内，所述动铁芯的横截面尺寸大于所述第二孔部的横截面尺寸而被限位于所述第一孔部内。
  37. 根据权利要求35或36所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔转动配合。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件为螺纹件，所述通孔内设有与所述螺纹件转动配合的内螺纹。
  39. 根据权利要求35或36所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件与所述通孔卡接配合。
  40. 根据权利要求35或36所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述泄压调节件设有操作端，所述操作端设于所述泄压调节件靠近所述通孔的开口的一端，且露出外壳外，所述操作端能够与所述外壳抵接配合，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内；
    操作所述操作端，使得所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述操作端与所述外壳之间设有密封圈，所述密封圈套设于所述泄压调节件；
    当所述线圈不通电时，所述操作端将所述密封圈抵接在所述外壳上，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述密封圈为橡胶圈。
  43. 根据权利要求40所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述操作端设有与外部转动机构配合的开槽，所述操作端能够在所述外部转动机构的转动力作用下，带动所述泄压调节件在所述通孔中朝向所述通孔的开口移动。
  44. 根据权利要求35所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述隔膜嵌设于所述外壳，并露出所述外壳外。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述外壳设有与所述收容空间连通的收容槽，所述隔膜收容在所述收容槽中；
    且所述隔膜朝向所述动铁芯一侧的两端与所述收容槽的侧壁贴设连接，以将所述动铁芯、所述静铁芯和所述线圈组件密封在所述收容空间内。
  46. 根据权利要求35所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述弹性件的一端与所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一端连接，所述弹性件的另一端在所述通孔内与所述泄压调节件配合。
  47. 根据权利要求46所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述弹性件为弹簧，所述弹簧远离所述动铁芯的一端抵接所述泄压调节件。
  48. 根据权利要求46所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述动铁芯朝向所述静铁芯的一侧设有固定槽，所述弹性件的一端与所述固定槽抵接。
  49. 根据权利要求35所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述线圈组件包括套设于所述动铁芯和所述静铁芯的线圈架、绕设在所述线圈架上的线圈以及罩设所述线圈架的磁轭罩；
    所述磁轭罩的一端与所述动铁芯的侧壁配合，另一端与所述静铁芯的侧壁配合。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述磁轭罩包括上磁轭罩和下磁轭罩，所述上磁轭罩和所述下磁轭罩配合，所述上磁轭罩远离所述下磁轭罩的一端套设于所述动铁芯，所述下磁轭罩远离所述上磁轭罩的一端套设于所述静铁芯。
  51. 根据权利要求35所述的农业植保机，其特征在于，所述出液口为分流口。
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