WO2021068358A1 - 一种多联机除霜控制方法 - Google Patents

一种多联机除霜控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068358A1
WO2021068358A1 PCT/CN2019/119563 CN2019119563W WO2021068358A1 WO 2021068358 A1 WO2021068358 A1 WO 2021068358A1 CN 2019119563 W CN2019119563 W CN 2019119563W WO 2021068358 A1 WO2021068358 A1 WO 2021068358A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
water temperature
heat exchange
return
heat exchanger
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PCT/CN2019/119563
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈卫星
孙龙
石磊
王川
银松
赵永亮
牛世波
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青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司
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Publication of WO2021068358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068358A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of multi-line technology, and in particular to a multi-line defrost control method.
  • Air conditioners are commonly used household appliances in people’s daily life. When the air conditioner performs cooling or heating, the refrigerant in the condenser in the air conditioner releases heat, and the refrigerant in the evaporator in the air conditioner absorbs heat, and the refrigerant in the evaporator is removed from the air. If the heat dissipation of the evaporator is poor, it will cause the evaporator to frost; and the air conditioner does not defrost in time when the frost is formed, blocking the passage between the fins, increasing the flow resistance of the air and the heat of the evaporator Resistance, resulting in a decrease in heat exchange capacity and a decrease in the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning.
  • the existing multi-line uses a four-way valve to switch the flow of refrigerant.
  • the heat exchanger of the indoor unit is switched from a condenser to an evaporator to absorb heat from the indoor air and supply it to the outdoor.
  • the heat exchanger inside the machine is defrosted. Due to the heat exchange of the heat exchanger of the indoor unit, the indoor air temperature decreases, which leads to a decrease in indoor comfort.
  • the present application provides a multi-line defrosting control method, which is used to solve the problem that the existing multi-line defrosting causes indoor comfort to decrease.
  • the present application provides a multi-line defrost control method, the multi-line includes an outdoor unit, an indoor unit, and a water machine that exchanges heat with water;
  • the multi-line includes an outdoor unit, an indoor unit, and a water machine that exchanges heat with water;
  • a compressor, a control valve and an outdoor heat exchanger are installed in the outdoor unit;
  • the indoor unit is provided with an indoor heat exchanger and a wind-side heat exchange branch circuit,
  • the indoor unit is provided with a wind-side heat exchange branch, and a plurality of the wind-side heat exchange branches are connected in parallel with each other;
  • the wind-side heat exchange branch includes an indoor heat exchanger and a first electronic expansion valve connected in series, and the first electronic expansion valve is used to control the wind-side heat exchange branch;
  • a water-side heat exchange branch is provided in the water machine, and a plurality of the water-side heat exchange branches are connected in parallel with each other;
  • the water-side heat exchange branch includes a water-side heat exchanger and a second electronic expansion valve connected in series, and the second electronic expansion valve is used to control the water-side heat exchange branch;
  • control valve controls the discharge port of the compressor to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger, the suction port of the compressor and the indoor heat exchanger, the The water-side heat exchangers are all connected, and the second electronic expansion valve is opened;
  • the first control step when the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of water machines is greater than the rated capacity of the outdoor unit, and the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of indoor units is less than the rated capacity of the outdoor unit, the first The electronic expansion valve is closed, and only the water machine is used for defrosting;
  • the second control step when the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of water machines is less than or equal to the rated capacity of the outdoor unit, or the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of indoor units is greater than or equal to the rated capacity of the outdoor unit,
  • the first electronic expansion valve is in an open state, and the water machine and the indoor machine are combined for defrosting.
  • the multi-line defrosting control method provided by the present application, when the multi-line air conditioning system meets the defrosting conditions, the control valve controls the compressor exhaust port to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger, and the compressor suction
  • the air port is connected with the indoor heat exchanger and the water side heat exchanger, and the second electronic expansion valve in the multi-line water reclaimer is opened.
  • the water side heat exchanger exchanges heat with the hot water. Because the water machine has a large heat capacity, The advantage of small fluctuation, so the heat is absorbed from the hot water during the defrosting process, which has little impact on the indoor hot water supply;
  • the defrosting capacity of the indoor unit or the defrosting capacity of the water unit such as the defrosting capacity of the indoor unit is poor and the defrosting of the water unit
  • the first electronic expansion valve is controlled to close, and only the water-side heat exchanger is used to absorb heat; if the defrosting ability of the water machine is poor or the defrosting ability of the indoor unit is good, the second electronic expansion valve is controlled to open , Adopting indoor heat exchanger and water-side heat exchanger to absorb heat at the same time, the effect on the comfort of indoor air is also small, and the defrosting efficiency is high.
  • FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of multiple connections according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-line defrost control method according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the waterway control flow in the multi-line defrost control method according to the embodiment of the application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be mechanically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be mechanically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the outdoor unit 1 is equipped with a compressor 11, a control valve 12, and an outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the indoor unit 2 is equipped with a wind-side heat exchange branch 20 connected in series between the outdoor unit 1 heat exchanger and the control valve 12 , A plurality of wind-side heat exchange branches 20 are connected in parallel with each other;
  • the water machine 3 is provided with a water-side heat exchange branch 30 in parallel with the wind-side heat exchange branch 20, and a plurality of water-side heat exchange branches 30 are connected in parallel with each other;
  • the wind-side heat exchange branch 20 includes an indoor heat exchanger 21 and a first electronic expansion valve 22 connected in series.
  • the first electronic expansion valve 22 is located between the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 13; the water-side heat exchange branch
  • the circuit 30 includes a water-side heat exchanger 31 and a second electronic expansion valve 32 connected in series.
  • the second electronic expansion valve 32 is located between the water-side heat exchanger 31 and the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the control valve 12 is used to control the compressor
  • the exhaust port of 11 communicates with the outdoor heat exchanger 13
  • the suction port of the compressor 11 communicates with the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the water-side heat exchanger 31, or the control valve 12 controls the exhaust port of the compressor 11 and the indoor
  • the heat exchanger 21 and the water-side heat exchanger 31 are both in communication, and the suction port of the compressor 11 is in communication with the outdoor heat exchanger 13, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the defrost control method includes the following steps:
  • the first control step when the multi-line meets the defrosting conditions, the control valve 12 controls the discharge port of the compressor 11 to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger 13, the suction port of the compressor 11 to the indoor heat exchanger 21, and the water side exchange
  • the heat exchangers 31 are all connected, and a plurality of second electronic expansion valves 32 are opened.
  • the detection device such as temperature sensor and pressure sensor
  • the pressure, temperature and other parameters of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 are detected.
  • the defrosting condition is that the pressure, temperature and other parameters of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 meet the preset range, and the preset range of the defrosting condition is the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the control valve 12 controls the discharge port of the compressor 11 to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the suction port of the compressor 11 to communicate with the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the water-side heat exchanger 31, and opens the second electronic expansion valve 32
  • the operation can be controlled by the master controller in the multi-line, or the sub-controller in the multi-line.
  • the second control step controlling the opening or closing of the plurality of first electronic expansion valves 22 according to the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of indoor units 2 or the total operating heat capacity of the plurality of water machines 3;
  • the above-mentioned master controller or sub-controller also includes a calculation module, which is used to calculate the total operating heat capacity of the multiple indoor units 2 or the rated total operating heat capacity of the multiple water machines 3, and according to the calculation result of the calculation module, control the first An electronic expansion valve 22 is opened or closed.
  • the multi-line defrosting control method provided by the present application, when the multi-line air conditioning system meets the defrosting conditions, the control valve 12 controls the exhaust port of the compressor 11 to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and compress The suction port of the unit 11 is in communication with the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the water-side heat exchanger 31, and the second electronic expansion valve 32 in the multi-line water reclaimer 3 is opened, and the water-side heat exchanger 31 exchanges heat with the hot water , Because the water machine 3 has the advantages of large heat capacity and small fluctuation, it absorbs heat from hot water during the defrosting process, which has little effect on the indoor hot water supply;
  • the first electronic expansion valve 22 is controlled to close, and only the water-side heat exchanger 31 is used to absorb heat;
  • the first electronic expansion valve 31 is controlled to open, and the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the water-side heat exchanger 31 are used to absorb heat to absorb heat in the room.
  • the air comfort is also less affected, and the defrosting efficiency is high.
  • the above-mentioned second control step specifically includes:
  • the total operating heat capacity ⁇ H wm (N) of the multiple water machines 3 is less than or equal to the first preset capacity differential multiple ⁇ 01 of the rated capacity Q w of the outdoor unit 1, or the total operating heat capacity ⁇ H of the multiple indoor units 2
  • iu (M) is greater than or equal to the second preset capacity difference ⁇ 02 of the rated capacity Q w of the outdoor unit 1
  • the first electronic expansion valve 22 is opened, and the water-side heat exchanger 31 of the multiple water units 3 is used It exchanges heat with water, and the indoor heat exchanger 21 in the plurality of indoor units 2 exchanges heat with indoor air to ensure the defrosting speed of the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
  • the total operating heat capacity ⁇ H wm (N) of the multiple water turbines 3 is greater than the first preset capacity difference ⁇ 01 of the rated capacity Q w of the outdoor unit 1, it indicates that the multiple water turbines 3 have strong defrosting capabilities; if The total operating heat capacity ⁇ H iu (M) of the multiple indoor units 2 is less than the second preset capacity difference ⁇ 02 of the rated capacity Q w of the outdoor unit 1, indicating that the defrosting ability of the multiple indoor units 2 is weak.
  • the value range of the first preset capacity return multiple ⁇ 01 is 0.4 to 0.5, and the value range of the second preset capacity return multiple ⁇ 02 is 0.7 to 0.8.
  • the method further includes:
  • Cycle step after the first preset time t 1 , return to the first control step.
  • the above-mentioned master controller or sub-controller further includes a timing module, which records the accumulated time after the second control step is executed.
  • the timing module When the accumulated time recorded by the timing module reaches the first preset time t 1 , it returns to the first control step, so that the defrosting method used for the multi-line can be adjusted accordingly according to the load situation of the multi-line in different time periods.
  • the effect on the comfort of indoor air during the entire defrosting process is small, and the defrosting efficiency is high.
  • the value of the aforementioned first preset time t 1 is 10s.
  • the above-mentioned water-side heat exchanger 31 includes a first heat exchange flow path and a second heat exchange flow path.
  • the first heat exchange flow path is connected between the second electronic expansion valve 32 and the control valve 12. It also includes a control water valve 33, a water storage device 34, and a heating device 35.
  • the control water valve 33 is used to control the water return port of the water storage device 34 to communicate with the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path, or to control the water return port of the heating device 35 and
  • the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path is in communication, and the outlet of the second heat exchange flow path is in communication with the water inlet of the water storage device 34 and the water inlet of the heating device 35.
  • Waterway control steps according to the water temperature in the water storage device 34, or the water temperature in the heating device 35, or the water temperature in the water storage device 34 and the water temperature in the heating device 35, control the water valve 33 to control the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path It communicates with the water return port of the water storage device 34 or the water return port of the heating device 35.
  • a first temperature detection device such as an electronic thermometer or temperature sensor, is installed in the water storage device 34, and the first temperature detection device is used to detect the water temperature in the water storage device 34;
  • a second temperature detection device is installed in the heating device 35, and the second temperature detection device is used to detect the water temperature in the heating device 35.
  • the controller is based on the water temperature detected by the first temperature detection device, or the water temperature detected by the second temperature detection device, or the water temperature detected by the first temperature detection device and the second temperature detection device, when the water temperature detected by the first temperature detection device is higher
  • the water return port of the water storage device 34 can be controlled to communicate with the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path;
  • the water return port of the heating device 35 can be controlled to communicate with the inlet of the second heat exchange runner.
  • the defrost control method of the embodiment of the present application can control the water-side heat exchanger 31 according to the water temperature in the water storage device 34, or the water temperature in the heating device 35, or the water temperature in the water storage device 34 and the heating device 35. It exchanges heat with different water-using devices to reduce the impact on indoor water use, and the defrosting speed is faster.
  • ⁇ T w is the preset temperature difference between the return water temperature of the heating device 35 and the preset minimum water temperature of the heating device 35; when the return port of the water storage device 34 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path, the temperature of the water machine 3
  • the above-mentioned temperature parameters are all detected by the temperature detection device at the corresponding position; in some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned ⁇ T 1 is 20°C, T w0 is 25°C, ⁇ T w is 10°C, T d0 is 30°C, and ⁇ T d is 10°C.
  • the aforementioned waterway regulation step specifically includes:
  • the water temperature in the water storage device 34 is acquired.
  • the above-mentioned master controller or sub-controller obtains the water temperature in the water storage device 34 from the first temperature detection device.
  • control water valve 33 controls the water return port of the water storage device 34 to communicate with the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path, and the water return port of the heating device 35 is disconnected from the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path.
  • control water valve 33 controls the return port of the heating device 35 to communicate with the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path, and the return port of the water storage device 34 communicates with the second heat exchange flow path. The inlet is disconnected.
  • the defrost control method of the embodiment of the present application preferentially controls the connection or disconnection of the water return port of the water storage device 34 and the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path through the control valve 33 according to the water temperature in the water storage device 34.
  • the water in the water storage device 34 is one-time water, when the defrosting is performed on multiple lines, reducing the water temperature in the water storage device 34 will not affect the indoor heating;
  • the control water valve 33 controls the water return port of the heating device 35 to communicate with or disconnect from the inlet of the second heat exchange flow path.
  • the defrost control method of the embodiment of the present application after the above-mentioned waterway control step, further includes:
  • Anti-freezing adjustment step if the return water temperature parameter of any water storage device 34 exceeds the first preset return water temperature parameter range, when the return water temperature parameter of any heating device 35 exceeds the second preset return water temperature parameter range, The second electronic expansion valve 32 is controlled accordingly to close.
  • the return water temperature parameter of the water storage device 34 According to the return water temperature parameter of the water storage device 34 to understand the current cooling situation of the water in the water storage device 34, when the return water temperature parameter of a certain water storage device 34 exceeds the first preset return water temperature parameter range, it indicates that the water storage device The water temperature in 34 is low, and the water storage device 34 may be at risk of freezing, so the second electronic expansion valve 32 is controlled accordingly to close;
  • the return water temperature parameter of the heating device 35 According to the return water temperature parameter of the heating device 35 to understand the current cooling situation of the water in the heating device 35, when the return water temperature parameter of a certain heating device 35 exceeds the second preset return water temperature parameter range, it indicates the water temperature in the heating device 35 If it is lower, the heating device 35 may be at risk of freezing, so the second electronic expansion valve 32 is closed accordingly.
  • the aforementioned anti-freezing regulation step specifically includes:
  • the second electronic expansion valve 32 is controlled to close accordingly.
  • the timing module of the above-mentioned master controller or sub-controller is also used to record the accumulated time after adjusting and controlling the water valve 33.
  • the accumulated time recorded by the timing module reaches the second preset time t 2 , the re-execution of any one of the water storage
  • the corresponding second electronic expansion valve is controlled 32 is closed, so that it can be controlled in time according to the return water temperature parameter in the water storage device 34, or the return water temperature parameter in the heating device 35, or the water temperature in the water storage device 34 and the return water temperature parameter in the heating device 35.
  • the opening and closing of the second electronic expansion valve prevents any water storage device 34 or heating device 35 from freezing risk.
  • the value of the second preset time t 2 is 30 s or 60 s.
  • the aforementioned return water temperature parameter is the return water temperature
  • the first preset temperature parameter range is that the return water temperature T swi of the water storage device 34 is greater than or equal to the first preset return water temperature T swi.
  • the second preset return water temperature parameter range is that the return water temperature T dwi of the heating device 35 is greater than or equal to the second preset return water temperature T dwi0 .
  • a first return water temperature detection device is installed in the return pipe of the water storage device 34.
  • the first return water temperature detection device is used to detect the return water temperature T swi of the water storage device 34.
  • a first return water temperature detection device is installed in the return pipe of the heating device 35. Two return water temperature detection device, the second return water temperature detection device is used to detect the return water temperature T dwi of the water storage device 34.
  • the aforementioned return water temperature parameter is the return water temperature drop rate
  • the first preset return water temperature parameter range is that the return water temperature drop rate ⁇ swi of the water storage device 34 is less than the first preset return water temperature drop rate.
  • the water temperature drop rate ⁇ s0 , and the second preset return water temperature parameter range is that the return water temperature drop rate ⁇ dwi of the heating device 35 is less than the second preset return water temperature drop rate ⁇ d0 .
  • the above-mentioned master controller or sub-controller calculates the drop rate of the return water temperature of the water storage device 34 or the heating device 35 based on the return water temperature of the water storage device 34 or the heating device 35.
  • the water storage device 34 may be a water tank
  • the heating device 35 may be a floor heating
  • the control valve 12 is a four-way valve
  • the control water valve 33 is a three-way valve.
  • the above multi-line also includes a gas-liquid separator 14 and a water pump 36.
  • the gas-liquid separator 14 is connected in series between the suction port of the compressor 11 and the control valve 12, and the water pump 36 is connected in series between the three-way valve and the water-side heat exchanger. 31 between the outlets of the second heat exchange runner.
  • the above-mentioned first regulation step specifically includes:
  • control valve 12 controls the discharge port of the compressor 11 to communicate with the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and the suction port of the compressor 11 communicates with the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the water side heat exchanger 31. , And obtain the user's defrosting permission information.
  • control information sent by the sub-controller operated by the user understand the user's defrosting permission status.
  • the defrosting permission information indicates that the water machine 3 is allowed to be used for defrosting (that is, the user's defrosting permission is Y in FIG. 2), then a plurality of second electronic expansion valves 32 are opened.
  • the defrost permission information indicates that only the indoor unit 2 is allowed to defrost (that is, the defrost permission of the user in FIG. 2 is N)
  • a plurality of first electronic expansion valves 22 are opened.
  • users can freely select the defrosting method according to their own water and heat conditions and preferences, so as to meet the actual needs of unused users and increase the application range.

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Abstract

本申请的多联机除霜控制方法，多联机包括室外机、多个室内机及多个水机，室外机内安装有压缩机、控制阀及室外换热器，室内机内设有串联在室外换热器与控制阀之间的风侧换热支路，水机内设有与风侧换热支路并联的水侧换热支路，风侧换热支路包括相互串联的室内换热器和第一电子膨胀阀，水侧换热支路包括相互串联的水侧换热器和第二电子膨胀阀，包括：当多联机满足除霜条件时，控制阀控制压缩机的排气口与室外换热器连通、压缩机的吸气口与室内换热器、水侧换热器均连通，并打开多个第二电子膨胀阀；根据多个室内机的总运行热容量或多个水机的总运行热容量，控制多个第一电子膨胀阀打开或关闭。

Description

一种多联机除霜控制方法
Multi-line defrosting control method
本申请要求在2019年10月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910969389.3、发明名称为“一种多联机中央空调系统的除霜控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及多联机技术领域，尤其涉及一种多联机除霜控制方法。
背景技术
空调是人们日常生活中常用的家用电器，当空调进行制冷或制热时，空调中冷凝器的制冷剂进行放热，空调中蒸发器的制冷剂进行吸热，蒸发器内的制冷剂从空气中吸收热量(降温)，若蒸发器的散热较差，就会导致蒸发器结霜；并且空调结霜不及时进行除霜，堵塞翅片间通道，增加了空气的流动阻力和蒸发器的热阻，导致换热能力下降，空调的能效比降低。
为解决上述除霜问题，以多联机为例，现有多联机采用四通阀转换制冷剂的流向，室内机的换热器从冷凝器切换为蒸发器，从室内空气中吸热，供给室外机内的换热器除霜。由于室内机的换热器换热导致室内空气温度下降，导致室内的舒适性下降。
发明内容
本申请提供一种多联机的除霜控制方法，用于解决现有多联机除霜导致室内的舒适性下降的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
本申请提供了一种多联机的除霜控制方法，所述多联机包括室外机、室内机及与水换热的水机；
所述多联机包括室外机、室内机及与水换热的水机；
所述室外机内安装有压缩机、控制阀及室外换热器；
所述室内机内设有室内换热器和风侧换热支路，
所述室内机内设有风侧换热支路，多个所述风侧换热支路相互并联；
所述风侧换热支路包括相互串联的室内换热器和第一电子膨胀阀，所述第一电子膨胀阀用于控制所述风侧换热支路；
所述水机内设有水侧换热支路，多个所述水侧换热支路相互并联；
所述水侧换热支路包括相互串联的水侧换热器和第二电子膨胀阀，所述第二电子膨胀阀用于控制所述水侧换热支路；
所述多联机满足除霜条件时，所述控制阀控制所述压缩机的排气口与所述室外换热器连通、所述压缩机的吸气口与所述室内换热器、所述水侧换热器均连通，并打开所述第二电子膨胀阀；
第一调控步骤：当多个所述水机的总运行热容量大于所述室外机的额定容量，且多个所述室内机的总运行热容量小于所述室外机的额定容量时，所述第一电子膨胀阀呈关闭状态，仅用所述水机除霜；
第二调控步骤：当多个所述水机的总运行热容量小于或等于所述室外机的额定容量，或多个所述室内机的总运行热容量大于或等于所述室外机的额定容量时，所述第一电子膨胀阀呈开启状态，所述水机与所述室内机联合除霜。
相较于现有技术，本申请提供的多联机的除霜控制方法，当多联机空调系统满足除霜条件时，控制阀控制压缩机的排气口与室外换热器连通、压缩机的吸气口与室内换热器、水侧换热器均连通，并打开多联机中水机内的第二电子膨胀阀，水侧换热器与热水换热，由于水机具有热容大、波动小的优点，故除霜过程中从热水吸热，对室内热水供给影响较小；
并且根据多个室内机的总运行热容量或多个水机的总运行热容量，了解室内机的除霜能力或水机的除霜能力，如室内机的除霜能力较差且水机的除霜能力较好，则控制第一电子膨胀阀关闭，仅采用水侧换热器进行吸热；如水机的除霜能力较差或室内机的除霜能力较好，则控制第二电子膨胀阀打开，同时采用室内换热器和水侧换热器进行吸热，对室内空气的舒适度影响也较小，且除霜效率高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例多联机的组成连接图；
图2为本申请实施例多联机的除霜控制方法的流程示意图；
图3为本申请实施例多联机的除霜控制方法中水路控制流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请实施例的多联机的除霜控制方法，该多联机包括室外机1、多个与所内空气换热的室内机2及多个与水换热的水机3；
其中，室外机1内安装有压缩机11、控制阀12及室外换热器13，室内机2内设有串联在室外机1换热器与控制阀12之间的风侧换热支路20，多个风侧换热支路20相互并联；
水机3内设有与风侧换热支路20并联的水侧换热支路30，多个水侧换热支路30相互并联；
风侧换热支路20包括相互串联的室内换热器21和第一电子膨胀阀22，第一电子膨胀阀22位于室内换热器21与室外换热器13之间；水侧换热支路30包括相互串联的水侧换热器31和第二电子膨胀阀32，第二电子膨胀阀32位于水侧换热器31与室外换热器13之间，控制阀12用于控制压缩机11的排气口与室外换热器13连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通，或控制阀12控制压缩机11的排气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室外换热器13连通，如图1所示。
该除霜控制方法包括以下步骤：
第一调控步骤：当多联机满足除霜条件时，控制阀12控制压缩机11的排气口与室外换热器13连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通，并打开多个第二电子膨胀阀32。
根据多联机中的检测装置(如温度传感器和压力传感器)，检测室外换热器13中制冷剂的压力、温度等参数。
除霜条件为室外换热器13中制冷剂的压力、温度等参数满足预设范围，除霜条件的预设范围为现有技术，此处不再赘述。
控制阀12控制压缩机11的排气口与室外换热器13连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通，并打开第二电子膨胀阀32的操作均可通过多联机中的总控制器进行控制，或多联机中的子控制器控制。
第二调控步骤：根据多个室内机2的总运行热容量或多个水机3的总运行热容量，控制多个第一电子膨胀阀22打开或关闭；
其中，多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)，满足：ΣH iu(M)＝H iu(1)+H iu(2)+…+H iu(i)+…+H iu(M)，H iu(i)＝Q 1(i)×δ 1，M为室内机2的总数量，H iu(i)为第i个室内机2的运行热容量，Q 1(i)为第i个室内机2的额定容量，δ 1为室内机2的温度回差系数；
多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)，满足：ΣH wm(N)＝H wm(1)+H wm(2)+…+H wm(j)+…H wm(N)，H wm(j)＝Q 2(j)×δ 2，N为水机3的总数量，H wm(j)为第j个水机3的运行热容量，Q 2(j)为第j个水机3的额定容量，δ 2为水机3的温度回差系数。
上述总控制器或子控制器还包括计算模块，该计算模块用于计算上述多个室内机2的总运行热容量或多个水机3额定总运行热容量，根据计算模块的计算结果，控制将第一电子膨胀阀22打开或关闭。
相较于现有技术，本申请提供的多联机的除霜控制方法，当多联机空调系统满足除霜条件时，控制阀12控制压缩机11的排气口与室外换热器13连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通，并打开多联机中水机3内的第二电子膨胀阀32，水侧换热器31与热水换热，由于水机3具有热容大、波动小的优点，故除霜过程中从热水吸热，对室内热水供给影响较小；
并且根据多个室内机2的总运行热容量或多个水机3的总运行热容量，了解室内机2的除霜能力或水机3的除霜能力；
如室内机2的除霜能力较差且水机3的除霜能力较好，则控制第一电子膨胀阀22关闭，仅采用水侧换热器31进行吸热；
如水机3的除霜能力较差或室内机2的除霜能力较好，则控制第一 电子膨胀阀31打开，同时采用室内换热器21和水侧换热器31进行吸热，对室内空气的舒适度影响也较小，且除霜效率高。
在本申请的某些实施例中，参照图2，上述第二调控步骤具体包括：
当多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)小于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01、或多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)大于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02时，打开第一电子膨胀阀22。
当多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)大于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01、且多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)小于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02时，关闭第一电子膨胀阀22。
综上，若多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)小于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01时，表明多个水机3的除霜能力较弱；
若多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)大于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02，表明多个室内机2的除霜能力较强。
故当多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)小于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01、或多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)大于或等于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02时，打开第一电子膨胀阀22，采用多个水机3中的水侧换热器31与水换热、多个室内机2中的室内换热器21与室内空气换热，以保证对室 外换热器13的除霜速度。
若多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)大于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01，表明多个水机3的除霜能力较强；若多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)小于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02，表明多个室内机2的除霜能力较弱。故当多个水机3的总运行热容量ΣH wm(N)大于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01、且多个室内机2的总运行热容量ΣH iu(M)小于室外机1的额定容量Q w的第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02时，关闭第一电子膨胀阀22，仅第二电子膨胀阀32打开，多个水机3中的水侧换热器31与水换热，其换热效率较高，对室外机1中的换热器的除霜速度较快。
上述第一预设容量回差倍数δ 01的取值范围为0.4～0.5，第二预设容量回差倍数δ 02的取值范围为0.7～0.8。
在本申请的某些实施例中，在上述第二调控步骤之后，还包括：
循环步骤：经第一预设时间t 1后，返回所述第一调控步骤。
上述总控制器或子控制器还包括计时模块，计时模块记录执行完第二调控步骤之后的累计时间。
当计时模块记录的累计时间达到第一预设时间t 1后，返回第一调控步骤，从而能够根据不同时间段内，多联机的负荷情况，相应地调控对多联机所采用的除霜方式，使得整个除霜过程中对室内空气的舒适度影响均较小，且除霜效率高。
上述第一预设时间t 1的取值为10s。
需要注意的是：上述水侧换热器31包括第一换热流路和第二换热流路，第一换热流路连接在第二电子膨胀阀32、控制阀12之间，多联机还包括控制水阀33、蓄水装置34和供暖装置35，控制水阀33用于控制蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通、或控制供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通，第二换热流路的出口与蓄水装置34的进水口、供暖装置35的进水口均连通，在打开第二电子膨胀阀32之后，除霜控制方法还包括：
水路调控步骤：根据蓄水装置34内的水温、或供暖装置35内的水温、或蓄水装置34内的水温和供暖装置35内的水温，控制水阀33控制第二换热流路的进口与蓄水装置34的回水口或供暖装置35的回水口连通。
上述蓄水装置34内安装有第一温度检测装置，如电子温度计或温度传感器，第一温度检测装置用于检测蓄水装置34内的水温；
同理，供暖装置35内安装有第二温度检测装置，第二温度检测装置用于检测供暖装置35内的水温。
控制器根据从第一温度检测装置检测的水温、或第二温度检测装置检测的水温、或第一温度检测装置和第二温度检测装置检测的水温，当第一温度检测装置检测的水温较高时，可控制蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通；
当第二温度检测装置检测的水温较高时，可控制供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流道的进口连通。
因此，本申请实施例的除霜控制方法可根据蓄水装置34内的水温、 或供暖装置35内的水温、或蓄水装置34和供暖装置35内的水温情况，控制水侧换热器31与不同的用水装置进行换热，减少对室内用水的影响，且除霜速度较快。
需要说明的是：上述室内机2的温度回差系数δ 1，满足：δ 1＝(T cl-T i)/ΔT 1，T cl为室内换热器21内的制冷剂温度值，T i为室内机2回风口处的空气温度，ΔT 1为室内换热器21内的制冷剂温度值与室内机2回风口处的空气回风温度的预设温差值；
当供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通时，水机3的温度回差系数δ 2，满足：δ 2＝(T wi-T w0)/ΔT w，T wi为供暖装置35的回水温度，T w0为供暖装置35的预设最低水温；
ΔT w为供暖装置35的回水温度与供暖装置35的预设最低水温的预设温差值；当蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通时，水机3的温度回差系数δ 2，满足：δ 2＝(T dhw-T d0)/ΔT d，T dhw为蓄水装置34内的水温，T d0为蓄水装置34的预设最低水温，ΔT d为蓄水装置34内的水温与预设最低水温的预设温差。
上述温度参数均采用相应位置的温度检测装置进行检测；在本申请的某些实施例中，上述ΔT 1为20℃，T w0为25℃，ΔT w为10℃，T d0为30℃，ΔT d为10℃。
在本申请的某些实施例中，上述水路调控步骤具体包括：
获取蓄水装置34内的水温。
上述总控制器或子控制器从第一温度检测装置获取蓄水装置34内的水温。
当上述水温大于预设温度阈值时，控制水阀33控制蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通、供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流路的进口断开。
当所述水温小于或等于预设温度阈值时，控制水阀33控制供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通、蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口断开。
本申请实施例的除霜控制方法优先根据蓄水装置34内的水温，通过控制水阀33控制蓄水装置34的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通或断开。
因蓄水装置34内的水为一次用水，在多联机进行除霜时，降低蓄水装置34内的水温，并不会影响室内的供暖；
在除霜结束后，可再提高蓄水装置34内的水温。当然，也可根据实际需要，根据供暖装置35内的水温，控制水阀33控制供暖装置35的回水口与第二换热流路的进口连通或断开。
考虑到在多联机进行一段时间除霜后，部分蓄水装置34或供暖装置35的水温会较低，使得蓄水装置34或供暖装置35出现冻结风险。
因此，参照图3，本申请实施例的除霜控制方法，在上述水路调控步骤之后，还包括：
防冻结调控步骤：若任一个蓄水装置34的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围，任一个供暖装置35的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围时，控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀32关闭。
根据蓄水装置34的回水温度参数了解当前蓄水装置34内水的降温情况，在某个蓄水装置34的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围时，表明蓄水装置34内的水温较低，该蓄水装置34可能有冻结风险，故将控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀32关闭；
根据供暖装置35的回水温度参数了解当前供暖装置35内水的降温情况，在某个供暖装置35的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围时，表明供暖装置35内的水温较低，该供暖装置35可能有冻结风险，故将控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀32关闭。
在本申请的某些实施例中，上述防冻结调控步骤具体包括：
间隔第二预设时间t 2，若任一个蓄水装置34的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围或任一个供暖装置35的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围，则控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀32关闭。
上述总控制器或子控制器的计时模块还用于记录进行调控控制水阀33后的累计时间，当计时模块记录的累计时间达到第二预设时间t 2时，重新执行若任一个蓄水装置34的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围或任一个所述供暖装置35的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围，则控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀32关闭，从而能够及时根据蓄水装置34内的回水温度参数、或供暖装置35内的回水温度参数、或蓄水装置34内的水温和供暖装置35内的回水温度参数，控制相应地第二电子膨胀阀的开闭，防止任一个蓄水装置34或供暖装置35出现冻结风险。
上述第二预设时间t 2的取值为30s或60s。
在本申请的某些实施例中，上述回水温度参数为回水温度，第一预设温度参数范围为蓄水装置34的回水温度T swi大于或等于第一预设回水温度T swi0，第二预设回水温度参数范围为供暖装置35的回水温度T dwi大于或等于第二预设回水温度T dwi0。
蓄水装置34的回水管内安装有第一回水温度检测装置，该第一回水温度检测装置用于检测蓄水装置34的回水温度T swi，供暖装置35的回水管内安装有第二回水温度检测装置，该第二回水温度检测装置用于检测蓄水装置34的回水温度T dwi。
在本申请的某些实施例中，上述回水温度参数为回水温度下降率，第一预设回水温度参数范围为蓄水装置34的回水温度下降率η swi小于第一预设回水温度下降率η s0，第二预设回水温度参数范围为供暖装置35的回水温度下降率η dwi小于第二预设回水温度下降率η d0。
上述总控制器或子控制器根据蓄水装置34或供暖装置35的回水温度，计算蓄水装置34或供暖装置35的回水温度下降率。
上述蓄水装置34的回水温度下降率η swi，满足：η swi＝(T swi(i-1)-T swi(i))/t 2，T swi(i-1)为上一次蓄水装置34的回水温度，T swi(i)为本次蓄水装置34的回水温度。
相应地，供暖装置35的回水温度下降率η dwi，满足：η dwi＝(T dwi(j-1)-T dwi(j))/t 2，T dwi(j-1)为上一次供暖装置35的回水温度，T dwi(j)为本次供暖装置35的回水温度。
需要说明的是，上述蓄水装置34可为水箱，上述供暖装置35可为地暖，上述控制阀12为四通阀，上述控制水阀33为三通阀。
此外，上述多联机还包括气液分离器14和水泵36，气液分离器14串联在压缩机11的吸气口与控制阀12之间，水泵36串联在三通阀与水侧换热器31中第二换热流道的出口之间。
在一些实施例中，上述第一调控步骤具体包括：
当多联机满足除霜条件时，控制阀12控制压缩机11的排气口与室外换热器13连通、压缩机11的吸气口与室内换热器21、水侧换热器31均连通，并获取用户的除霜许可信息。
根据用户操作的子控制器发出的控制信息，了解用户的除霜许可情况。
若除霜许可信息表明允许采用水机3进行除霜(即图2中用户的除霜许可为Y)，则打开多个第二电子膨胀阀32。
若除霜许可信息表明仅允许采用室内机2除霜(即图2中用户的除霜许可为N)，则打开多个第一电子膨胀阀22。
该实施例的除霜控制方法中，用户根据自身的用水、用热情况及喜好，自由选择除霜方法，以满足不用用户的实际需求，增大应用范围。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，
    所述多联机包括室外机、室内机及与水换热的水机；
    所述室外机内安装有压缩机、控制阀及室外换热器；
    所述室内机内设有室内换热器和风侧换热支路，
    所述室内机内设有风侧换热支路，多个所述风侧换热支路相互并联；
    所述风侧换热支路包括相互串联的室内换热器和第一电子膨胀阀，所述第一电子膨胀阀用于控制所述风侧换热支路；
    所述水机内设有水侧换热支路，多个所述水侧换热支路相互并联；
    所述水侧换热支路包括相互串联的水侧换热器和第二电子膨胀阀，所述第二电子膨胀阀用于控制所述水侧换热支路；
    所述多联机满足除霜条件时，所述控制阀控制所述压缩机的排气口与所述室外换热器连通、所述压缩机的吸气口与所述室内换热器、所述水侧换热器均连通，并打开所述第二电子膨胀阀；
    第一调控步骤：当多个所述水机的总运行热容量大于所述室外机的额定容量，且多个所述室内机的总运行热容量小于所述室外机的额定容量时，所述第一电子膨胀阀呈关闭状态，仅用所述水机除霜；
    第二调控步骤：当多个所述水机的总运行热容量小于或等于所述室外机的额定容量，或多个所述室内机的总运行热容量大于或等于所述室外机的额定容量时，所述第一电子膨胀阀呈开启状态，所述水机与所述室内机联合除霜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，在 所述第二调控步骤之后，还包括：
    循环步骤：经第一预设时间后，返回所述第一调控步骤。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述水侧换热器包括相互换热的第一换热流路和第二换热流路，所述第一换热流路连接在所述第二电子膨胀阀、所述控制阀之间，所述多联机还包括控制水阀、蓄水装置和供暖装置，所述控制水阀用于控制所述第二换热流路的进口与所述蓄水装置的回水口或所述供暖装置的回水口连通，所述第二换热流路的出口与所述蓄水装置的进水口、所述供暖装置的进水口均连通，
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，在打开所述第二电子膨胀阀之后，所述除霜控制方法还包括：
    水路调控步骤：根据所述蓄水装置内的水温和/或供暖装置内的水温，所述控制水阀控制所述第二换热流路的进口与所述蓄水装置的回水口或所述供暖装置的回水口连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述水路调控步骤具体包括：
    获取所述蓄水装置内的水温；
    当所述水温大于预设温度阈值时，所述控制水阀控制所述蓄水装置的回水口与所述第二换热流路的进口连通、所述供暖装置的回水口与所述第二换热流路的进口断开；
    当所述水温小于或等于预设温度阈值时，所述控制水阀控制所述供暖装置的回水口与所述第二换热流路的进口连通、所述蓄水装置的回水 口与所述第二换热流路的进口断开。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，在所述水路调控步骤之后，还包括：
    防冻结调控步骤：若任一个所述蓄水装置的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围或任一个所述供暖装置的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围，则控制相应地所述第二电子膨胀阀关闭。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述防冻结调控步骤具体包括：
    间隔第二预设时间，若任一个所述蓄水装置的回水温度参数超出第一预设回水温度参数范围或任一个所述供暖装置的回水温度参数超出第二预设回水温度参数范围，则控制相应地所述第二电子膨胀阀关闭。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述回水温度参数为回水温度，所述第一预设回水温度参数范围为所述蓄水装置的回水温度大于或等于第一预设回水温度，所述第二预设回水温度参数范围为所述供暖装置的回水温度大于或等于第二预设回水温度。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述回水温度参数为回水温度下降率，所述第一预设回水温度参数范围为所述蓄水装置的回水温度下降率小于第一预设回水温度下降率，所述第二预设回水温度参数范围为所述供暖装置的回水温度下降率小于第二预设回水温度下降率。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的多联机的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一调控步骤具体包括：
    当所述多联机满足除霜条件时，所述控制阀控制所述控制阀控制所述压缩机的排气口与所述室外换热器连通、所述压缩机的吸气口与所述室内换热器、所述水侧换热器均连通，并获取用户的除霜许可信息；
    若所述除霜许可信息表明允许采用水机进行除霜，则打开多个所述第二电子膨胀阀；
    若所述除霜许可信息表明仅允许采用室内机除霜时，则打开多个所述第一电子膨胀阀。
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