WO2019144616A1 - 一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法 - Google Patents

一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019144616A1
WO2019144616A1 PCT/CN2018/102971 CN2018102971W WO2019144616A1 WO 2019144616 A1 WO2019144616 A1 WO 2019144616A1 CN 2018102971 W CN2018102971 W CN 2018102971W WO 2019144616 A1 WO2019144616 A1 WO 2019144616A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
defrosting
pump system
air conditioning
conditioning unit
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/102971
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘江彬
宋强
李银银
刘景升
王冰
李守俊
张韵
孟庆良
谭雪艳
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2019144616A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019144616A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of heat pump units, and particularly provides a heat pump system and a defrosting control method thereof.
  • the working principle of the heat pump unit is the same as that of the compression type refrigerator.
  • the four-way reversing valve of the air conditioner is used to change the work of the evaporator and the condenser to achieve the purpose of cooling or heating.
  • the four-way reversing valve is first turned to the working position of the heat pump, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor discharged from the compressor flows into the first heat exchanger (used as a condenser) through the four-way reversing valve, and the cooling is performed.
  • the heat released by the vapor of the agent is used to supply heat to the heat exchange end to achieve the purpose of indoor heating.
  • the condensed liquid refrigerant passes through the throttling device and enters the second heat exchanger (for the evaporator) to absorb external heat and evaporate. After the evaporated steam passes through the four-way reversing valve, it is sucked by the compressor to complete the heating cycle.
  • frost is formed on the second heat exchanger after a certain period of heating operation due to the heat absorption of the refrigerant and the lower outdoor temperature. If the frost layer on the second heat exchanger is allowed to thicken, the air flow will be blocked, which will affect the heating capacity of the heat pump unit.
  • the existing heat pump unit will start the defrost mode after reaching certain conditions, that is, the whole machine enters the cooling mode, and the heat pump unit takes heat from the first heat exchanger for the second heat exchanger to defrost, which affects the exchange of the heat exchange end. The heat causes the indoor temperature to drop, which reduces the user experience.
  • the present invention provides a heat pump system including an air conditioning unit and heat exchange.
  • the air conditioning unit includes a first heat exchanger, and a heat exchange pipeline is disposed between the heat exchange end and the first heat exchanger, wherein the heat pump system further includes an electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is disposed in the indoor heat exchange tube and located downstream of the first heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange circuit includes an inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is further provided with a first electromagnetic valve, and the electric auxiliary heat device is disposed at the outlet pipe
  • the road is located between the first solenoid valve and the first heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange circuit further includes a bypass line, the first end of the bypass line is in communication with the water inlet line, and the second side of the bypass line is The end is in communication with the outlet conduit, wherein the second end is located between the first solenoid valve and the electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the bypass line is provided with a second electromagnetic valve, so that when the first solenoid valve body is closed and the second solenoid valve body is open, the first A heat exchanger, the heat exchange line, and the bypass line form a bypass circuit.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is a ring electric heater.
  • the present invention also provides a defrosting control method for a heat pump system, the heat pump system including an air conditioning unit, the defrosting control method comprising the steps of: closing a first solenoid valve body and making a second electromagnetic The valve body is opened; the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on, and the air conditioning unit is put into the defrost mode.
  • the defrosting control method further comprises the step of: determining the air conditioner Whether the unit completes the defrosting; in the case where the defrosting has been completed, the air conditioning unit is caused to exit the defrosting mode and the first solenoid valve body is opened and the second solenoid valve body is closed.
  • the heat pump system further includes a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger including a defrosting sensor, and "determining whether the air conditioning unit completes defrosting" step further The method includes: obtaining the temperature of the defrost sensor; determining whether the defrost is completed according to the temperature of the defrost sensor.
  • the step of "determining whether the defrosting is completed according to the temperature of the defrosting sensor” further comprises: determining whether the temperature of the defrosting sensor is higher than the first set temperature and continuing the first setting Time; determining that the air conditioning unit completes defrosting in a case where the temperature of the defrosting sensor is higher than the first set temperature and continues for the first set time.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is an annular electric heater.
  • an electric auxiliary heat device is disposed on the heat exchange pipeline of the heat pump system and the electric auxiliary heat device is disposed downstream of the first heat exchanger, in the heat pump
  • the first solenoid valve body is closed and the second solenoid valve body is opened, and then the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on to disconnect the heat exchange end from the first heat exchanger of the heat pump system, thereby reducing the defrosting process.
  • the influence on the temperature of the heat exchange end improves the thermal comfort of the user's room.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on in the defrosting mode, so that the process of absorbing heat and vaporization of the refrigerant entering the first heat exchanger is faster, the total heat absorbed is also increased, the whole defrosting process is accelerated, and the air conditioning unit is improved. Defrost efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system during heating operation of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system during cooling operation of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • FIG. 1 is a system schematic diagram of a heat pump system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat pump system includes an air conditioning unit and a heat exchange end 1
  • the air conditioning unit includes a first heat exchanger 2
  • a heat exchange line 3 is disposed between the heat exchange end 1 and the first heat exchanger 2
  • the heat exchange line 3 is provided with an electric auxiliary heat device 4, and the electric auxiliary heat device 4 is located downstream of the first heat exchanger 2.
  • the heat supply of the air conditioning unit increases the heat of the electric auxiliary heat device, so that the heat supply heat of the heat pump system to the heat exchange end becomes higher, and the user experience of the heat pump system is improved.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is disposed downstream of the first heat exchanger to more fully utilize the heat of the first heat exchanger and the electric auxiliary heat device, so that the medium in the heat exchange end can obtain the heat of the electric auxiliary heat device and then enter the first
  • the air conditioning unit stops the protection due to excessive pressure, thereby stopping the heating.
  • the heat exchange pipeline 3 includes a water inlet pipe 31 and a water outlet pipe 32.
  • the water outlet pipe 32 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 321
  • the electric auxiliary heat device 4 is disposed on the water outlet pipe 32 and located at the first electromagnetic Between the valve 321 and the first heat exchanger 2, so that the medium of the heat exchange end 1 flows through the first heat exchanger 2 and then further absorbs heat through the electric auxiliary heat device 4, and finally flows back through the first electromagnetic valve 321
  • the heat exchange end 1 completes the heat exchange cycle.
  • the heat exchange line 3 further includes a bypass line 33.
  • the right end of the bypass line 33 communicates with the water inlet line 31.
  • the left end of the bypass line 33 communicates with the water outlet line 32 and is located at the first electromagnetic Between the valve 321 and the electric auxiliary heat device 4.
  • the bypass pipe 33 is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 331, so that when the first electromagnetic valve 321 valve body is opened and the second electromagnetic valve 331 valve body is closed, the first heat exchanger 2, the heat exchange pipe 3 and The heat exchange end 1 forms a loop, and when the first solenoid valve 321 is closed and the second solenoid valve 331 is opened, the first heat exchanger 2, the heat exchange line 3, and the bypass line 33 form a bypass circuit.
  • valve body of the first electromagnetic valve and the valve body of the second electromagnetic valve both open the pipeline in the connected state, and block the pipeline in the closed state.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device 4 may be an annular electric heater. It can be understood that the electric auxiliary heat device can also be other devices that can provide heat to the heat exchange pipeline. Those skilled in the art can select a reasonable electric auxiliary heat device, for example, a hot plate according to actual conditions and needs.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system during heating operation of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the air conditioning unit further includes a compressor 5, a high pressure switch 6, a check valve 7, a four-way switching valve 8, a high pressure accumulator 9, an electronic expansion valve 10, a second heat exchanger 11, and a low pressure switch 12, Gas-liquid separator 13.
  • the heating operation process of the air conditioning unit is: the four-way switching valve 8 is commutated to the heating mode, and the compressor 5 passes the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant through the high-pressure switch 6 and the check valve 7 to
  • the four-way reversing valve 8 enters the pipe leading to the first heat exchanger 2 from the valve port of the four-way reversing valve 8, and the high-pressure gas refrigerant liquefies and dissipates heat in the first heat exchanger 2 (at this time a heat exchanger is used as a condenser, and then becomes a high-pressure liquid to the high-pressure liquid storage device 9, and then is throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve 10 to become a low-pressure liquid refrigerant into the second heat exchanger 11 and in the second
  • the heat exchanger 11 vaporizes and absorbs heat (the second heat exchanger acts as an evaporator), and then becomes a low-pressure gas state to the four-way reversing valve
  • the air-conditioning unit completes the heating cycle.
  • the medium in the heat exchange end 1 of the heat pump system enters the first heat exchanger 2 through the water inlet pipe 31 and exchanges heat, and at this time, the first electromagnetic valve 321 is opened, and the second electromagnetic The valve body of valve 331 is closed, and the medium flows out from the first heat exchanger 2 into the water outlet pipe 32 after the heat exchange is completed, and then flows through the electric auxiliary heat device 4 and absorbs the heat supplied by the electric auxiliary heat device 4, and finally passes through the outlet pipe 32.
  • the heat supply of the air conditioning unit increases the heat of the electric auxiliary heat device, so that the heat supply heat of the heat pump system to the heat exchange end becomes higher, and the user experience of the heat pump system is improved.
  • the second heat exchanger is installed as an outdoor heat exchanger in the outdoor unit, and the first heat exchanger can be installed in the outdoor or outdoor unit together with the second heat exchanger according to actual installation conditions, or according to actual installation.
  • the situation is that the first heat exchanger is installed indoors.
  • a person skilled in the art can reasonably set the installation position of the first heat exchanger according to actual installation conditions and needs.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control method of the heat pump system includes the following steps:
  • the first solenoid valve 321 valve body is opened and the second solenoid valve 331 valve body is closed, so that the heat exchange end 1, the water inlet pipe 31, the first heat exchanger 2, and the water outlet pipe 32 form a loop, so that The medium in the hot end 1 can smoothly enter the first heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange and return to the heat exchange end 1.
  • the required temperature of the heat exchange end is actually the set water temperature set by the user at the heat exchange end.
  • step S30 determining whether to turn on the electric auxiliary heat device according to the required temperature, further comprising: comparing the demand temperature with the first temperature threshold; and when the required temperature > the first temperature threshold, turning on the electric auxiliary heat device to make the heat exchange end
  • the target temperature is obtained by the heating operation of the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the first temperature threshold is a maximum temperature threshold at which the original system can make the outlet water temperature of the heat exchange end reach when the heat pump system is not provided with the electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the air conditioning unit will stop the protection due to the excessive pressure and end the heating.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is added downstream of the first heat exchanger of the heat pump system, although the maximum heat that the air conditioning unit can provide does not change, but the heat of the electric auxiliary heat device increases, the total heat that the heat pump system can provide can be increased. The effluent temperature at the end of the heat exchanger becomes higher, meeting the higher temperature requirements of the user.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device when the first temperature threshold ⁇ demand temperature ⁇ the second temperature threshold, the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on, so that the heat exchange end obtains the required temperature through the heating operation of the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device When the demand temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on, so that the heat exchange end obtains the third temperature threshold through the heating operation of the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device, and the third temperature threshold is ⁇ the second temperature threshold.
  • the second temperature threshold is a highest temperature threshold at which the heat pump system after the electric auxiliary heat device is set can reach the outlet water temperature of the heat exchange end.
  • the third temperature threshold is a preset temperature threshold ⁇ the second temperature threshold.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device when the demand temperature > the second temperature threshold, the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on to obtain the second temperature threshold by the heat exchange end through the heating operation of the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device and the heat pump air conditioning unit are turned off to avoid damage to the air conditioning unit due to excessive pressure.
  • the user's demand for heat can be satisfactorily satisfied on the basis of ensuring reliable operation of the heat pump system, and the user experience is improved.
  • other protection measures can be taken by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions and needs.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device and the heat pump air conditioning unit when the demand temperature > the second temperature threshold, in order to protect the heat pump system from reliable operation, the electric auxiliary heat device and the heat pump air conditioning unit can also be directly turned off.
  • the maximum temperature threshold is a floating value.
  • a plurality of highest temperature thresholds may be pre-taken as the second temperature. Threshold. It can be understood that a person skilled in the art can also select a reasonable method to determine the second temperature threshold according to actual conditions and needs.
  • step S30 determining whether to turn on the electric auxiliary heat device according to the required temperature, further comprising: selectively opening the electric auxiliary heat device when the required temperature is ⁇ the first temperature threshold.
  • the electric auxiliary device can be selected not to be turned on. The hot end only obtains the required temperature through the heating operation of the air conditioning unit. Or the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on, so that the heat exchange end obtains the required temperature through the common heating operation of the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the heat pump system.
  • control method of the heat pump system of the present invention comprises opening the first solenoid valve body and closing the second solenoid valve body; obtaining the required temperature of the heat exchange end; and determining whether to open the electric auxiliary heat device according to the required temperature.
  • the heating of the electric auxiliary heat device is increased, so that the total heat of the heat pump system to the heat exchange end becomes higher, and the user experience of the heat pump system is improved.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is turned on, so that the air conditioning unit and the electric auxiliary heat device jointly heat and heat, thereby increasing the maximum value of the water discharge temperature at the heat exchange end.
  • the air conditioning unit is shut down to avoid damage to the air conditioning unit due to excessive temperature, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the heat pump system.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device is selectively turned on to improve the heating efficiency of the heat pump system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the system during the cooling operation of the heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
  • the cooling and defrosting operation process of the air conditioning unit is: the four-way switching valve 8 is commutated to the cooling mode, and the compressor 5 passes the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant through the high-pressure switch 6 and the check valve 7 to the four-way exchange.
  • the high-pressure gas refrigerant liquefies and dissipates heat in the second heat exchanger 11, and the second heat exchanger 11
  • the fins heat up and melt the frost to achieve the effect of defrosting. After the high-pressure gas refrigerant is liquefied, it becomes a high-pressure liquid.
  • the electronic expansion valve 10 After the electronic expansion valve 10 is throttled and depressurized, it becomes a low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then passes into the high-pressure liquid storage device. And entering the first heat exchanger 2 and vaporizing the heat in the first heat exchanger 2, then becoming a low-pressure gas state leading to the four-way switching valve 8, exiting the valve port of the four-way switching valve 8 and then passing the low pressure.
  • the switch 12 enters the gas-liquid separator 13 and finally returns to the compressor 5, and the air-conditioning unit completes the refrigeration cycle.
  • the heat pump system includes an air conditioning unit
  • the defrosting control method of the heat pump system includes the steps of: closing the first solenoid valve body and opening the second solenoid valve body; opening the electric auxiliary heat device, and causing the air conditioning unit to enter Frost mode.
  • the first electromagnetic valve 321 valve body is closed and the second electromagnetic valve 331 valve body is opened, the heat exchange end 1 is blocked, and the water inlet pipe 31, the first heat exchanger 2, the water outlet pipe 32 and the bypass are connected.
  • Line 33 forms a bypass circuit.
  • the first heat exchanger 2 needs to absorb heat as the evaporator when the defrosting mode is turned on, the temperature of the first heat exchanger 2 is lowered, and at this time, the heat exchange end 1 and the first heat exchanger 2 are separated, thereby reducing the number
  • the effect of a heat exchanger 2 on the temperature of the heat exchange end 1 improves the thermal comfort of the user's interior.
  • the electric auxiliary heat device 4 is turned on in the defrosting mode, so that the medium in the bypass circuit absorbs the heat of the electric auxiliary heat device 1 and circulates in the bypass circuit, and flows to the first heat exchanger in the medium with heat.
  • the first heat exchanger 2 can be supplied with heat, so that the process of absorbing and vaporizing the low-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchanger 2 is faster, and the total heat absorbed is also increased, leading to the second exchange.
  • the total heat of the heater 11 becomes faster and faster, speeding up the entire defrosting process and improving the defrosting efficiency of the air conditioning unit.
  • the medium with heat is always circulated in the first heat exchanger 2
  • the temperature in the first heat exchanger 2 does not drop too much, and when the defrosting is finished entering the heating mode, Initially, the influence on the temperature of the heat exchange end 1 is small, which further improves the thermal comfort of the room.
  • the second heat exchanger 11 of the air conditioning unit includes a defrosting sensor.
  • the temperature of the defrosting sensor of the second heat exchanger 11 gradually rises, the temperature of the defrosting sensor is acquired, and the temperature of the defrosting sensor is determined to be high. And determining, at the first set temperature, for the first set time, when the temperature of the defrost sensor is higher than the first set temperature and continuing for the first set time, determining that the air conditioning unit completes the defrost.
  • the first set temperature and the first set time are also preset before the air conditioning unit leaves the factory.
  • the air conditioning unit is taken out of the defrosting mode, and the valve body of the first electromagnetic valve 321 is opened and the valve body of the second electromagnetic valve 331 is closed, so that the heat exchange end 1, the water inlet line 31, and the first exchange The heat exchanger 2 and the water outlet line 32 form a circuit to restore the heating mode.
  • the method for determining whether the defrosting is completed is not limited to the method described in the above embodiments, and the differential pressure gauge defrosting controller may be provided, and the high voltage of the differential pressure gauge defrosting controller is connected.
  • the low pressure is connected to the outlet side of the surface of the second heat exchanger.
  • the defrosting control method of the heat pump system of the present invention includes closing the first solenoid valve body and opening the second solenoid valve body; opening the electric auxiliary heat device and causing the air conditioning unit to enter the defrosting mode.
  • the defrosting control method further includes: determining whether the defrosting is completed; and when the defrosting is completed, opening the first solenoid valve body and closing the second solenoid valve body. With such a setting, after the defrosting is completed, the system immediately resumes the circulation loop in the heating mode, improving the switching efficiency of the defrosting mode and the heating mode.

Abstract

一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法，属于热泵机组技术领域，旨在解决现有热泵系统除霜时对换热末端的温度影响较大的问题。热泵系统包括第一换热器（2）、换热末端（1）以及设置于第一换热器（2）和换热末端（1）之间的进水管路（31）和出水管路（32），出水管路（32）上设置有第一电磁阀（321）和电辅热装置（4），进水管路（31）和出水管路（32）之间设置有旁通管路（33），旁通管路（33）上设置有第二电磁阀（331）。除霜控制方法包括：使第一电磁阀（321）阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀（331）阀体打开；打开电辅热装置（4），并使空调机组进入除霜模式。通过这样的设置，减少了第一换热器（2）对换热末端（1）的温度的影响，提高了用户室内的热舒适性，加快了除霜进程。

Description

一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于热泵机组技术领域，具体提供一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法。
背景技术
热泵机组工作原理与压缩式制冷机是一致的，通过空调器的四通换向阀来变换蒸发器和冷凝器的工作，以达到制冷或者制热的目的。在冬季制热时，先将四通换向阀转向热泵工作位置，由压缩机排出的高温高压制冷剂蒸汽，经四通换向阀后流入第一换热器(作冷凝器使用)，制冷剂蒸汽冷凝时放出的热量，用于给换热末端供热，达到室内取暖目的，冷凝后的液态制冷剂，经过节流装置进入第二换热器(作蒸发器用)，吸收外界热量而蒸发，蒸发后的蒸汽经过四通换向阀后被压缩机吸入，完成制热循环。
但是在制热过程中，由于制冷剂的吸热和室外较低的温度导致制热运行一段时间后，第二换热器上有结霜现象。如果任由第二换热器上的霜层增厚的话，会导致空气流动受阻，从而影响热泵机组的制热能力。现有的热泵机组会在达到一定的条件后开启除霜模式，即整机进入制冷模式，热泵机组从第一换热器取热用于第二换热器化霜，影响换热末端的换热，导致室内温度下降，降低了用户的使用体验。
相应地，本领域需要一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有热泵系统除霜时对换热末端的温度影响较大的问题，一方面，本发明提供了一种热泵系统，包括空调机组和换热末端，所述空调机组包括第一换热器，所述换热末端与所述第一换热器之间设置有换热管路，其特征在于，所述热泵系统还包括电辅热装置，所述电辅热装置设置于所述室内换热管路并位于所述第一换热器的下游。
在上述热泵系统的优选技术方案中，所述换热管路包括进水管路和出水管路，所述出水管路上还设置有第一电磁阀，所述电辅热装置设置于所述出水管路并位于所述第一电磁阀和所述第一换热器之间。
在上述热泵系统的优选技术方案中，所述换热管路还包括旁通管路，所述旁通管路的第一端与所述进水管路连通，所述旁通管路的第二端与所述出水管路连通，其中，所述第二端位于所述第一电磁阀和所述电辅热装置之间。
在上述热泵系统的优选技术方案中，所述旁通管路上设置有第二电磁阀，以便在所述第一电磁阀阀体闭合、所述第二电磁阀阀体打开时，所述第一换热器、所述换热管路和所述旁通管路形成旁通回路。
在上述热泵系统的优选技术方案中，所述电辅热装置为环形电加热器。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种热泵系统的除霜控制方法，所述热泵系统包括空调机组，所述除霜控制方法包括以下步骤：使第一电磁阀阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀阀体打开；打开电辅热装置，并使所述空调机组进入除霜模式。
在上述除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，在“打开电辅热装置，并使所述空调机组进入除霜模式”的步骤之后，所述除霜控制方法还包括以下步骤：判断所述空调机组是否完成除霜；在已完成除霜的情形下，使所述空调机组退出除霜模式并使第一电磁阀阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀阀体闭合。
在上述除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述热泵系统还包括第二换热器，所述第二换热器包括除霜传感器，“判断所述空调机组是否完成除霜”的步骤进一步包括：获取除霜传感器的温度；根据除霜传感器的温度判断是否完成除霜。
在上述除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，“根据除霜传感器的温度判断是否完成除霜”的步骤进一步包括：判断除霜传感器的温度是否高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间；在除霜传感器的温度高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间的情形下，确定所述空调机组完成除霜。
在上述除霜控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述电辅热装置为环形电加热器。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，通过在热泵系统的换热管路上设置电辅热装置并将电辅热装置设置于第一换热器的下游，在热泵系统除霜时使第一电磁阀阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀阀体打开，然后打开电辅热装置，使换热末端和热泵系统的第一换热器隔断开，减少了除霜过程对对换热末端温度的影响，提高了用户室内的热舒适性。同时，在除霜模式时打开电辅热装置，使进入第一换热器内的制冷剂吸热汽化的过程更快，吸收的总热量也增多，加快了整个除霜过程，提高了空调机组的除霜效率。
附图说明
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式，附图中：
图1是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统的系统示意图；
图2是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统制热运行时的系统示意图；
图3是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统的控制方法的流程示意图；
图4是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统制冷运行时的系统示意图。
附图标记列表：
1、换热末端；2、第一换热器；3、换热管路；31、进水管路；32、出水管路；321、第一电磁阀；33、旁通管路；331、第二电磁阀；4、电辅热装置；5、压缩机；6、高压开关；7、单向阀；8、四通换向阀；9、高压储液器；10、电子膨胀阀；11、第二换热器；12、低压开关；13、气液分离器。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员应当理解的是，本节实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非用于限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中的各部件之间是按一定比例关系绘制的，但是这种比例关系并非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合，调整后的技术方案仍将落入本发明的保护范围。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，图1是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统的系统示意图。参照图1，热泵系统包括空调机组和换热末端1，空调机组包括第一换热器2，换热末端1与第一换热器2之间设置有换热管路3，换热管路3上设置有电辅热装置4，并且电辅热装置4位于第一换热器2的下游。在热泵系统供热的情形下，空调机组制热供热的同时增加了电辅热装置的热量，使热泵系统对换热末端的供热热量变高，提升了热泵系统的用户体验。将电辅热装置设置在第一换热器的下游能够更加充分的利用第一换热器和电辅热装置的热量，避免换热末端中的介质获取电辅热装置的热量后再进入第一换热器换热可能会导致未达到换热末端的需求热量时，空调机组就因为压力过高而停机保护，从而停止供热的现象。
继续参阅图1，换热管路3包括进水管路31和出水管路32，出水管路32上设置有第一电磁阀321，电辅热装置4设置于出水管路32并位于第一电磁阀321和第一换热器2之间，以便换热末端1的介质流经第一换热器2换热之后再经过电辅热装置4进一步吸收热量，最后通过第一电磁阀321回流到换热末端1完成换热循环。通过这样的设置，充分利用了第一换热器和电辅热装置提供的热量，提高了热泵系统的供热效率。
继续参阅图1，换热管路3还包括旁通管路33，旁通管路33的右端与进水管路31连通，旁通管路33的左端与出水管路32连通并 位于第一电磁阀321和电辅热装置4之间。其中，旁通管路33上设置有第二电磁阀331，以便在第一电磁阀321阀体打开以及第二电磁阀331阀体闭合时，第一换热器2、换热管路3和换热末端1形成回路，在第一电磁阀321阀体闭合以及第二电磁阀331阀体打开时，第一换热器2、换热管路3和旁通管路33形成旁通回路。
需要说明的是，第一电磁阀的阀体和第二电磁阀的阀体在打开的情形下均使所在管道为连通状态，在闭合的情形下均将所在管道截堵。
具体地，电辅热装置4可以是环形电加热器。可以理解的是，电辅热装置还可以是其他可以实现给换热管路提供热量的装置，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况和需要选择合理的电辅热装置，例如，电热板。
如图2所示，图2是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统制热运行时的系统示意图。参照图2，空调机组还包括压缩机5、高压开关6、单向阀7、四通换向阀8、高压储液器9、电子膨胀阀10、第二换热器11、低压开关12、气液分离器13。热泵系统在制热时，空调机组的制热运行过程是：四通换向阀8换向至制热模式，压缩机5将高温高压气态制冷剂经高压开关6和单向阀7通入到四通换向阀8内，并从四通换向阀8的阀口进入通向第一换热器2的管道中，高压气态制冷剂在第一换热器2中液化散热(此时第一换热器作冷凝器)，之后变为高压液态通入高压储液器9，再经过电子膨胀阀10节流降压后变成低压液态制冷剂进入第二换热器11并在第二换热器11中汽化吸热(此时第二换热器作蒸发器)，之后变成低压气态通向四通换向阀8，从四通换向阀8的阀口出来再经过低压开关12进入气液分离器13，最后回到压缩机5，空调机组完成制热循环。在空调机组制热的过程中，热泵系统的换热末端1中的介质通过进水管路31进入第一换热器2内并换热，此时第一电磁阀321阀体打开，第二电磁阀331阀体闭合，介质完成换热后从第一换热器2中流出进入出水管道32，之后流经电辅热装置4并吸收电辅热装置4提供的热量，最后通过出水管32回到换热末端1，为用户提供热量。在热泵系统供热的情形下，空调机组制热供热的同时增加了电辅热装置的热量，使热泵系统对换热末端的供热热量变高，提升了热泵系统的用户体验。
需要说明的是，第二换热器作为室外换热器安装在室外机内，第一换热器可以根据实际安装情况与第二换热器共同安装在室外或者室外机内，或者根据实际安装情况将第一换热器安装在室内。本领域技术人员可以根据实际安装情况和需要，合理地设置第一换热器的安装位置。
如图2和图3所示，其中图3是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统的控制方法的流程示意图。参照图2和图3，热泵系统的控制方法包括以下步骤：
S10、使第一电磁阀阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀阀体闭合；
S20、获取换热末端的需求温度；
S30、根据需求温度判断是否打开电辅热装置。
具体地，将第一电磁阀321阀体打开以及将第二电磁阀331阀体闭合，以便换热末端1、进水管路31、第一换热器2和出水管路32形成回路，使换热末端1内的介质能够顺利进入第一换热器2内进行换热并回到换热末端1。需要说明的是，换热末端的需求温度实际上是用户在换热末端设定的出水温度。
具体地，步骤S30、根据需求温度判断是否打开电辅热装置，进一步包括：比较需求温度与第一温度阈值；当需求温度＞第一温度阈值时，打开电辅热装置，以便使换热末端通过空调机组和电辅热装置的制热运行获得目标温度。
其中，第一温度阈值是热泵系统没有设置电辅热装置时，原有系统可以使换热末端的出水温度达到的最高温度阈值。在原有系统中，当检测到换热末端的出水温度大于等于最高温度阈值(即第一温度阈值)时，空调机组会因为压力过高而停机保护，结束供热。而在热泵系统的第一换热器下游增设电辅热装置后，虽然空调机组能够提供的最高热量没有变化，但是加上电辅热装置的热量，热泵系统可以提供的总热量增多，能够使换热末端的出水温度变得更高，满足用户更高的温度需求。
具体地，当第一温度阈值＜需求温度＜第二温度阈值时，打开电辅热装置，以便使换热末端通过空调机组和电辅热装置的制热运行获得需求温度。当需求温度＞第二温度阈值时，打开电辅热装置，以便使换热末端通过空调机组和电辅热装置的制热运行获得第三温度阈值，第三温度阈值≤第二温度阈值。
其中，第二温度阈值为设置电辅热装置后的热泵系统能够使换热末端的出水温度达到的最高温度阈值。第三温度阈值为预先设定的≤第二温度阈值的温度阈值，在换热末端的实际温度等于第三温度阈值时，关闭电辅热装置和热泵空调机组，避免因为压力过高而对空调机组产生损害，提高了热泵系统的可靠性和稳定性。
优选地，当需求温度＞第二温度阈值时，打开电辅热装置，以便使换热末端通过空调机组和电辅热装置的制热运行获得第二温度阈值。此外，当检测到换热末端的实际出水温度≥第二温度阈值(即最高温度阈值)时，关闭电辅热装置和热泵空调机组，避免因为压力过高而对空调机组产生损害。通过这样的设置，在保证热泵系统可靠运行的基础上能够最大程度的满足用户对热量的需求，提高了用户体验。可以理解的是，本领域技术人员也可以根据实际情况和需要采取其他保护措施。作为一种示例，当需求温度＞第二温度阈值时，为了保护热泵系统可靠运行，也可以直接关闭电辅热装置和热泵空调机组。
需要说明的是，由于空调机组在运行过程中有不定性因素，导致最高温度阈值是一个浮动的数值，在确定第二温度阈值时，可以预先取多个最高温度阈值取平均值作为第二温度阈值。可以理解的是，本领域技术人员也可以根据实际情况和需要，选择合理的方法确定第二温度阈值。
具体地，步骤S30、根据需求温度判断是否打开电辅热装置，还包括：当需求温度≤第一温度阈值时，选择性地打开电辅热装置。由于需求温度≤第一温度阈值时，仅空调机组提供的热量就可以满足达到需求温度所需的热量，因此，在需求温度≤第一温度阈值时，可以选择不开启电辅热装置，使换热末端仅通过空调机组的制热运行获得需求温度。或者打开电辅热装置，使换热末端通过空调机组和电辅热装置的共同制热运行获得所述需求温度，提高热泵系统的制热效率。
可以看出，本发明的热泵系统的控制方法包括使第一电磁阀阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀阀体闭合；获取换热末端的需求温度；根据需求温度判断是否打开电辅热装置。使热泵系统供热时，增加了电辅热装置的供热，使热泵系统对换热末端的供热总热量变高，提高了热泵系统的用户体验。进一步地，当需求温度＞第一温度阈值时，打开电辅热装置，使空调机组和电辅热装置共同制热供热，提高了换热末端的出水 温度能够达到的最大值。更进一步，换热末端的实际出水温度≥第二温度阈值时，使空调机组停机，避免因为温度过高而对空调机组产生损害，提高了热泵系统的可靠性和稳定性。更进一步，当需求温度≤第一温度阈值时，选择性地打开电辅热装置，提高热泵系统的制热效率。
由于热泵系统的空调机组在制热运行的过程中，第二换热器(此时第二换热器用作蒸发器)的翅片上会因为制冷剂的蒸发吸热和室外温度低而形成霜层。在这种情况下，空调机组需要开启除霜模式，即将制热模式切换成制冷模式，如图4所示，图4是本发明一种实施例的热泵系统制冷运行时的系统示意图。参照图4，空调机组的制冷除霜运行过程是：四通换向阀8换向至制冷模式，压缩机5将高温高压气态制冷剂经高压开关6和单向阀7通入到四通换向阀8内，并从四通换向阀8的阀口进入通向第二换热器11的管道中，高压气态制冷剂在第二换热器11中液化散热，第二换热器11的翅片升温将霜融化，达到除霜的效果，高压气态制冷剂散热液化之后变为高压液态经过电子膨胀阀10节流降压后变成低压液态制冷剂，之后通入高压储液器9，再进入第一换热器2并在第一换热器2中汽化吸热，之后变成低压气态通向四通换向阀8，从四通换向阀8的阀口出来再经过低压开关12进入气液分离器13，最后回到压缩机5，空调机组完成制冷循环。
具体地，热泵系统包括空调机组，热泵系统的除霜控制方法包括以下步骤：使第一电磁阀阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀阀体打开；打开电辅热装置，并使空调机组进入除霜模式。具体地，将第一电磁阀321阀体闭合以及将第二电磁阀331阀体打开，将换热末端1隔断，使进水管路31、第一换热器2、出水管路32和旁通管路33形成旁通回路。
由于在开启除霜模式时，第一换热器2作为蒸发器需要吸热，第一换热器2温度降低，此时将换热末端1和第一换热器2隔断开，减少了第一换热器2对换热末端1的温度的影响，提高了用户室内的热舒适性。同时，在除霜模式时打开电辅热装置4，使旁通回路里的介质吸收电辅热装置1的热量并在旁通回路里流通，在带有热量的介质流到第一换热器2内时，可以给第一换热器2提供热量，使通入第一换热器2内的低压液态制冷剂吸热汽化的过程更快，吸收的总热量也增多，通往第二换热器11的总热量变快变多，加快了整个除霜过程，提高了空调机组的除霜效率。并且，由于带有热量的介质一直在第一换热器2内流通， 在完成除霜后，第一换热器2内的温度不会降太多，在除霜结束进入制热模式时，一开始对换热末端1的温度的影响较小，进一步提高了室内的热舒适性。
空调机组的第二换热器11包括除霜传感器，在除霜过程中，第二换热器11的除霜传感器的温度逐渐上升，获取除霜传感器的温度，判断除霜传感器的温度是否高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间，在除霜传感器的温度高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间时，确定空调机组完成除霜。需要说明的是，第一设定温度和第一设定时间也是在空调机组出厂前预设好的。
在完成除霜后，使空调机组退出除霜模式并使第一电磁阀321的阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀331的阀体闭合，以便换热末端1、进水管路31、第一换热器2和出水管路32形成回路，恢复制热模式。
需要说明的是，判断是否完成除霜的方法不仅仅局限于上述实施例中所述的方法，还可以设置微差压计化霜控制器，微差压计化霜控制器的高压接在第二换热器表面的进风侧，低压接在第二换热器表面的出风侧。第二换热器结霜后，气流阻力增加，前后压差发生变化；而霜融化后，气流阻力减小，前后压差恢复正常，从而判定完成除霜。可以理解的是，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况和需要设置合理的判断是否完成除霜的方法。
可以看出，本发明的热泵系统的除霜控制方法包括使第一电磁阀阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀阀体打开；打开电辅热装置，并使空调机组进入除霜模式。通过这样的设置，减少了第一换热器对换热末端的温度的影响，提高了用户室内的热舒适性，加快了除霜过程，提高了空调机组的除霜效率。此外，除霜控制方法还包括：判断是否完成除霜；在完成除霜时，使第一电磁阀阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀阀体闭合。通过这样的设置，除霜完成后，系统立即恢复制热模式时的循环回路，提高了除霜模式和制热模式的切换效率。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种热泵系统，包括空调机组和换热末端，所述空调机组包括第一换热器，所述换热末端与所述第一换热器之间设置有换热管路，其特征在于，所述热泵系统还包括电辅热装置，所述电辅热装置设置于所述换热管路并位于所述第一换热器的下游。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热泵系统，其特征在于，所述换热管路包括进水管路和出水管路，所述出水管路上还设置有第一电磁阀，所述电辅热装置设置于所述出水管路并位于所述第一电磁阀和所述第一换热器之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的热泵系统，其特征在于，所述换热管路还包括旁通管路，所述旁通管路的第一端与所述进水管路连通，所述旁通管路的第二端与所述出水管路连通，
    其中，所述第二端位于所述第一电磁阀和所述电辅热装置之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的热泵系统，其特征在于，所述旁通管路上设置有第二电磁阀，以便在所述第一电磁阀阀体闭合、所述第二电磁阀阀体打开时，所述第一换热器、所述换热管路和所述旁通管路形成旁通回路。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的热泵系统，其特征在于，所述电辅热装置为环形电加热器。
  6. 一种热泵系统的除霜控制方法，所述热泵系统包括空调机组，其特征在于，所述除霜控制方法包括以下步骤：
    使第一电磁阀阀体闭合以及使第二电磁阀阀体打开；
    打开电辅热装置，并使所述空调机组进入除霜模式。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，在“打开电辅热装置，并使所述空调机组进入除霜模式”的步骤之后，所述除霜控 制方法还包括以下步骤：
    判断所述空调机组是否完成除霜；
    在已完成除霜的情形下，使所述空调机组退出除霜模式并使第一电磁阀阀体打开以及使第二电磁阀阀体闭合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的除霜控制方法，所述热泵系统还包括第二换热器，所述第二换热器包括除霜传感器，其特征在于，“判断所述空调机组是否完成除霜”的步骤进一步包括：
    获取除霜传感器的温度；
    根据除霜传感器的温度判断是否完成除霜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，“根据除霜传感器的温度判断是否完成除霜”的步骤进一步包括：
    判断除霜传感器的温度是否高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间；
    在除霜传感器的温度高于第一设定温度并持续第一设定时间的情形下，确定所述空调机组完成除霜。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的除霜控制方法，其特征在于，所述电辅热装置为环形电加热器。
PCT/CN2018/102971 2018-01-26 2018-08-29 一种热泵系统及其除霜控制方法 WO2019144616A1 (zh)

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