WO2021057194A1 - 水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法 - Google Patents

水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057194A1
WO2021057194A1 PCT/CN2020/101395 CN2020101395W WO2021057194A1 WO 2021057194 A1 WO2021057194 A1 WO 2021057194A1 CN 2020101395 W CN2020101395 W CN 2020101395W WO 2021057194 A1 WO2021057194 A1 WO 2021057194A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
auger
soil
stirring
gate
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/101395
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢方平
康家鑫
刘大为
李旭
王修善
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湖南农业大学
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Application filed by 湖南农业大学 filed Critical 湖南农业大学
Publication of WO2021057194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057194A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/23—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis
    • B01F27/232—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes
    • B01F27/2322—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes with parallel axes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/72—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with helices or sections of helices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/836—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments
    • B01F33/8361—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments with disintegrating
    • B01F33/83612—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments with disintegrating by crushing or breaking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/10—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged above container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a closed mixing device of a rice seedling raising slurry machine, a seedling raising slurry machine and a control method thereof.
  • the rice field seedling raising mud machine has the advantages of high production efficiency, reduced labor intensity, and uniform quality of the mud produced.
  • the mixing device of the current paddy rice seedling slurry machine after the water and soil enter the device, while mixing the water and soil, it also continuously outputs the mud and the insufficiently broken soil, and cannot perform repeated operations on the water and soil. Crushing, mixing and mixing make the produced mud contain unbroken soil, which not only causes a waste of raw materials, but also requires manual transportation of unbroken soil.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a closed mixing device of a rice seedling raising slurry machine, a seedling raising slurry machine and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the slurry output by the mixing device of the seedling raising slurry machine in the prior art contains more impurities.
  • the problem of fully broken soil is to provide a closed mixing device of a rice seedling raising slurry machine, a seedling raising slurry machine and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the slurry output by the mixing device of the seedling raising slurry machine in the prior art contains more impurities. The problem of fully broken soil.
  • a closed mixing device of a rice seedling raising slurry machine including:
  • Stirring device shell one end of the stirring device shell is provided with a feed port, and the other end of the stirring device shell is provided with a discharge port;
  • the mixing shaft is rotatably installed in the casing of the mixing device.
  • the end of the mixing shaft near the inlet is equipped with a soil cutter, and the end of the mixing shaft near the outlet is equipped with auger blades;
  • discharge opening opening and closing mechanism includes:
  • the guide rail is installed on the end plate of the discharging end of the casing of the mixing device and located on both sides of the discharging port;
  • the gate motor connected with the gate, is used to drive the gate to move up and down along the guide rail to open or close the discharge port.
  • a driving gear is installed on the output shaft of the gate motor, a connecting rod is arranged on the upper end of the gate, and a rack meshing with the driving gear is arranged on the connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod is installed on the output of the mixing device housing through a limit device. On the end plate of the material end, the connecting rod can move up and down in the limit device.
  • a disc baffle which is installed on the stirring shaft and is located between the soil cutter and the auger blades. Between the outer edge of the disc baffle and the inner wall of the casing of the stirring device is left for the slurry to pass through. The width of the gap is less than or equal to the maximum particle size in the mud required by agronomy.
  • the stirring shaft includes:
  • the soil cutting shaft is installed on the side of the mixing device shell close to the feed inlet.
  • the soil cutting shaft is a hollow shaft.
  • the soil cutter is installed on the soil cutting shaft.
  • One end of the soil cutting shaft is rotatably installed on the mixing device shell.
  • the feed end end plate extends from the feed end end plate, and the end of the soil cutting shaft protruding from the feed end end plate is equipped with a soil cutting shaft driven sprocket;
  • the auger shaft is installed in the casing of the stirring device.
  • the auger blades are installed on the auger shaft.
  • One end of the auger shaft is rotatably installed on the discharge end plate of the casing of the stirring device.
  • the other end of the auger shaft penetrates It is arranged in the soil cutting shaft and extends from the soil cutting shaft, a differential bearing is arranged between the auger shaft and the soil cutting shaft, and an auger shaft driven sprocket is installed at one end of the auger shaft protruding from the soil cutting shaft.
  • a differential bearing is installed in the shaft holes at both ends of the soil cutting shaft, and the auger shaft is inserted in the inner holes of the two differential bearings, and the soil cutting shaft and the auger shaft are collinear.
  • the end of the soil cutting shaft extending into the casing of the mixing device is installed with an end cover of the soil shaft through an end cover bolt, and an end cover oil seal is provided between the end cover of the soil cutting shaft and the differential bearing;
  • the fixing bolt is installed with the inlet bearing seat, the soil cutting shaft is rotatably installed on the inlet bearing seat through an inlet bearing, an inlet oil seal is provided on the soil cutting shaft on the inner side close to the inlet bearing, and the soil cutting shaft is provided with an inlet oil seal on the outer side close to the inlet bearing.
  • Entrance snap ring the discharge end plate is provided with an outlet bearing seat, the auger shaft is rotatably mounted on the outlet bearing seat through an outlet bearing, and an outlet oil seal is provided on the inner side of the auger shaft close to the outlet bearing, and the outlet bearing seat An outlet snap ring is arranged on the outer side close to the outlet bearing.
  • a slurry machine for raising rice seedlings in a rice field comprising a frame, a mixing motor is arranged on the frame, and the above-mentioned enclosed mixing device is arranged on the frame, and the output end of the mixing motor is connected to all soil A shaft driving sprocket and an auger shaft driving sprocket, the soil cutting shaft driving sprocket is connected with the soil cutting shaft driven sprocket through a chain, and the auger shaft driving sprocket is connected with the auger shaft driven sprocket through a chain.
  • the discharging end of the casing of the stirring device is inclined upwardly, so that the height of the discharging end of the casing of the stirring device is higher than the height of the feeding end thereof.
  • the auger elevator which is used to feed the soil to be mixed into the mixing device
  • Water pump the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to a storage tank through a pipe, and the water outlet end of the water pump is connected to a stirring device through a pipe for adding water to the stirring device;
  • Control system includes:
  • Gate motor controller the input terminal of the gate motor controller is connected with the control processing unit, and the output terminal of the gate motor controller is connected with the gate motor;
  • the auger hoist motor controller the input end of the auger hoist motor controller is connected with the control processing unit, the output end of the auger hoist motor controller is connected with the auger hoist in the auger hoist Motor connection;
  • Water pump controller the input end of the water pump controller is connected with the control processing unit, and the output end of the water pump controller is connected with the water pump;
  • the input end of the stirring motor controller is connected with the control processing unit, and the output end of the stirring motor controller is connected with the stirring motor.
  • a control method of the above-mentioned rice seedling raising slurry machine including:
  • control processing unit controls the rotation of the gate motor through the gate motor controller, and drives the gate to move downward to close the discharge port;
  • the control processing unit controls the operation of the auger hoist motor and the water pump through the auger hoist motor controller and the water pump controller respectively, and feeds the set amount of soil and water to be stirred into the mixing device;
  • the control processing unit controls the rotation of the mixing motor through the mixing motor controller, and then drives the soil cutting shaft and the auger shaft to work, crushing the soil and mixing with water to form a slurry;
  • the control processing unit controls the gate motor to rotate in the reverse direction through the gate motor controller, and drives the gate to move upward to open the discharge port. At this time, the soil cutting shaft and the auger shaft are still in working condition. , The mud is transported out of the mixing device.
  • a discharge opening opening and closing mechanism is provided at the discharge opening of the mixing device housing.
  • the discharge opening opening and closing mechanism is used Close the discharge port, break the soil in the mixing device many times, and mix and stir the broken fine soil with water many times, so that the unbroken soil in the produced slurry is significantly reduced, saving the production process The amount of water and soil needed to improve the quality of the mud produced.
  • the discharge port is opened through the discharge port opening and closing mechanism, and the mud is transported out.
  • the closed mixing device can effectively improve the quality of the mud, reduce the waste of the soil, and solve the problem that the mud output by the mixing device of the seedling slurry machine contains more soil that is not sufficiently broken.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a closed stirring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of a closed stirring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal top view structure of the enclosed stirring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of D in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the feed end of the enclosed stirring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the enclosed stirring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of B in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of C in Fig. 6.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling-raising slurry machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the seedling raising slurry machine in another direction according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control system in the seedling raising slurry machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the closed mixing device mainly includes a mixing device housing 10, a mixing shaft 20, and a discharge opening opening and closing mechanism 50.
  • one end of the stirring device housing 10 is provided with a feed port 11, and the other end of the stirring device housing 10 is provided with a discharge port 12;
  • a feeding hopper 16 is installed at the feed port 11, and the discharge port 12 is provided below
  • the stirring shaft 20 is rotatably installed in the stirring device housing 10, the end of the stirring shaft 20 near the inlet 11 is provided with a soil cutter 21, and the end of the stirring shaft 20 near the outlet 12 is provided with a stirring dragon ⁇ 22 ⁇ Blade 22.
  • the discharge opening opening and closing mechanism 50 mainly includes a guide rail 51, a gate 52 and a gate motor 53.
  • the guide rail 51 is installed on the discharging end end plate of the mixing device housing 10 and located on both sides of the discharging port 12;
  • the gate 52 is slidably arranged on the guide rail 51;
  • the gate motor 53 is connected to the gate 52 for driving the gate 52 moves up and down along the guide rail 51 to open or close the discharge port 12.
  • the closed mixing device of the above-mentioned rice field seedling cultivating slurry machine is provided with a discharge opening opening and closing mechanism 50 at the discharge opening 12 of the mixing device housing 10.
  • the discharge port opening and closing mechanism 50 is used to close the discharge port 12, so that the soil in the mixing device is broken several times, and the broken fine soil and water are mixed and stirred many times to make the production
  • the unbroken soil in the mud is significantly reduced, saving the amount of water and soil required in the production process, and improving the quality of the produced mud.
  • the discharge port 12 is opened through the discharge port opening and closing mechanism 50, and the slurry is transported out.
  • the closed mixing device can effectively improve the quality of the mud, reduce the waste of the soil, and solve the problem that the mud output by the mixing device of the seedling slurry machine contains more soil that is not sufficiently broken.
  • a driving gear 54 is installed on the output shaft of the gate motor 53, a connecting rod 55 is provided on the upper end of the gate 52, and a connecting rod 55 is provided with a driving gear 54
  • the meshed rack 56 and the connecting rod 55 are installed on the discharge end plate of the mixing device housing 10 through a limiting device 57, and the connecting rod 55 can move up and down in the limiting device 57.
  • the limiting device 57 is a U-shaped groove structure
  • the connecting rod 55 is placed in the groove
  • flanges are provided on both sides of the U-shaped groove
  • the limiting device 57 is installed in the mixing device by bolts passing through the flanges.
  • the gate motor 53 rotates the driving gear 54, and the rack 56 drives the gate 52 to move up and down along the guide rail 51, thereby opening or closing the discharge port 12.
  • the guide rail 51 and the limiting device 57 enable the gate 52 to move only in the vertical direction.
  • the closed mixing device further includes a disc baffle 30, which is mounted on the mixing shaft 20, And located between the soil cutter 21 and the auger blade 22, a gap 40 is left between the outer edge of the disc baffle 30 and the inner wall of the mixing device housing 10 for the slurry to pass through.
  • the width of the gap 40 is L (see FIG. 4), and the value of L is less than or equal to the maximum particle size in the mud required by agronomy.
  • the soil particles in the mud with a particle size greater than L will be blocked by the disc baffle 30 in the broken soil area. , The cutting knife 21 continues to chop until the particle size is less than L.
  • the soil can be sufficiently broken up, and the quality of the mud can be further improved.
  • the stirring shaft 20 includes a soil cutting shaft 23 and an auger shaft 25.
  • the soil cutting shaft 23 is installed on the side of the mixing device housing 10 close to the inlet 11, the soil cutting shaft 23 is a hollow shaft, and the soil cutting knife 21 is welded and installed on the soil cutting shaft 23.
  • One end of the soil cutting shaft 23 can be rotated. It is installed on the feed end end plate of the mixing device housing 10 and protrudes from the feed end end plate. The end of the soil cutting shaft 23 protruding from the feed end end plate is installed with a soil cutting shaft driven chain through a flat key.
  • the auger shaft 25 is installed in the mixing device housing 10, the auger blade 22 is welded and installed on the auger shaft 25, one end of the auger shaft 25 is rotatably installed at the discharge end of the mixing device housing 10 On the board, the other end of the auger shaft 25 penetrates the soil-cutter shaft 23 and extends from the soil-cutter shaft 23.
  • a differential bearing 26 is provided between the auger shaft 25 and the soil-cutter shaft 23.
  • An auger shaft driven sprocket 27 is installed at one end of the soil cutting shaft 23 protruding.
  • the driven sprocket 24 of the cutting shaft is installed on the end of the cutting shaft 23 protruding from the end plate of the feeding end through a flat key, and the driven sprocket 27 of the auger shaft is installed on the auger shaft 25 by a flat key. The protruding end.
  • the soil cutting shaft 23 adopts a hollow shaft, and one end of the auger shaft 25 is inserted into the soil cutting shaft 23, and the auger shaft 25 is connected to the soil cutting shaft.
  • the shafts 23 are connected by a differential bearing 26, and the soil cutting shaft driven sprocket 24 and the auger shaft driven sprocket 27 are installed on the soil cutting shaft 23 and the auger shaft 25;
  • the differential bearing 26 is installed between the auger shaft 25 and the soil cutting shaft 23, so when the auger shaft driven sprocket 27 and the soil cutting shaft driven sprocket 24
  • the auger shaft 25 and the soil cutting shaft 23 can move at different rotation speeds, so that the auger blade 22 and the soil cutting knife 21 can rotate at different rotation speeds.
  • the rotation speed of the auger blade 22 can be set to be slower than the rotation speed of the soil cutter 21, so that the soil can be further fully chopped, avoiding soil waste, and improving the mud quality.
  • a differential bearing 26 is installed in the shaft holes at both ends of the soil cutting shaft 23, and the auger shaft 25 is inserted in the inner holes of the two differential bearings 26. And the axis of the soil cutting shaft 23 and the auger shaft 25 are collinear. This arrangement can make the rotation between the soil cutting shaft 23 and the auger shaft 25 more stable.
  • the differential bearing 26 preferably adopts a deep groove ball bearing.
  • one end of the cutting shaft 23 extending into the casing 10 of the mixing device is installed with a cutting shaft end cover 232 through an end cover bolt 231, and the cutting shaft end cover 232 is connected to the difference
  • An end cover oil seal 233 is provided between the fast bearing 26.
  • an inlet bearing seat 14 is fixedly installed on the feed end end plate through a fastening bolt 13, and the cutting shaft 23 is rotatably installed on the inlet bearing seat 14 through an inlet bearing 234.
  • An inlet oil seal 235 is provided on the soil cutting shaft 23 near the inlet bearing 234, and an inlet snap ring 236 is provided on the soil cutting shaft 23 on the outer side near the inlet bearing 234.
  • the inlet snap ring 236 is fixed on the soil cutting shaft 23 through the positioning groove on the soil cutting shaft 23, the inlet bearing 234 is installed in the inlet bearing housing 14, and the inlet bearing 234 is positioned by the shoulder of the soil cutting shaft 23 and the inlet snap ring 236.
  • an outlet bearing seat 15 is welded on the end plate of the discharge end, and the auger shaft 25 is rotatably mounted on the outlet bearing seat 15 through an outlet bearing 251, and is close to the auger shaft 25.
  • An outlet oil seal 252 is provided on the inner side of the outlet bearing 251, and an outlet snap ring 253 is provided on the outer side of the outlet bearing housing 15 close to the outlet bearing 251.
  • the outlet snap ring 253 is positioned by the positioning groove on the outlet bearing seat 15, and the outlet bearing 251 is positioned by the outlet snap ring 253 and the shaft shoulder of the auger shaft 25.
  • a rice field seedling raising slurry machine mainly includes a frame 60, a mixing motor 70, and a closed mixing device.
  • the mixing motor 70 and the enclosed mixing device are both arranged on the frame 60, and the output end of the mixing motor 70 is connected with the soil cutting shaft driving sprocket 80 and the auger shaft driving sprocket 90 through the transmission mechanism.
  • the sprocket 80 is connected with the soil cutting shaft driven sprocket 24 through a chain
  • the auger shaft driving sprocket 90 is connected with the auger shaft driven sprocket 27 by a chain.
  • the enclosed stirring device in this embodiment is the same as the enclosed stirring device in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • a discharge opening opening and closing mechanism 50 is provided at the discharge opening 12 of the mixing device housing 10.
  • This The discharge opening opening and closing mechanism 50 closes the discharge opening 12, so that the soil in the mixing device is broken for many times, and the broken fine soil and water are mixed and stirred for many times, so that the produced slurry is not broken.
  • the soil is significantly reduced, saving the amount of water and soil required in the production process, and improving the quality of the mud produced.
  • the mud and the incompletely broken soil can only be squeezed through the gap 40 under the conveyance of the soil cutter 21.
  • the particle size is larger than L.
  • the soil particles will be blocked by the disc baffle 30 in the crushed soil area, and will continue to be chopped by the soil cutter 21 until the particle size is less than L.
  • the rotation speed of the soil cutter 21 and the auger blade 22 can be different, and the cutting
  • the rotation speed of the soil knife 21 is set to be greater than the rotation speed of the auger blade 22, so as to further fully chop the soil, avoid soil waste and improve the mud quality.
  • the driving sprocket 80 of the soil cutting shaft and the driving sprocket 90 of the auger shaft can be arranged on the same shaft (see Figure 10).
  • the driving sprocket 80 of the soil cutting shaft can be connected with the driving sprocket 90 of the auger shaft.
  • the size and number of teeth of the dragon shaft driving sprocket 90, the soil cutting shaft driven sprocket 24, and the auger shaft driven sprocket 27 are set to realize that the rotation speeds of the soil cutter 21 and the auger blade 22 are different.
  • only one stirring motor 70 can be used, and the structure is relatively simple.
  • the structure of this method is relatively more complicated, but it is more convenient to adjust the speed.
  • the discharge end of the stirring device housing 10 is slightly inclined upward, so that the height of the discharge end of the stirring device housing 10 is slightly higher than the height of the feeding end. This arrangement can prolong the cutting time of the soil in the mixing device housing 10 and further improve the mud quality.
  • the seedling raising slurry machine also includes an auger elevator 100 and a water pump 110.
  • the auger elevator 100 is used to feed the soil to be stirred into the stirring device; the water inlet end of the water pump 110 is connected to a storage tank through a pipe, and the water outlet end of the water pump 110 is connected to the stirring device through a pipe.
  • the water pump 110 is used for Add water to the mixing device.
  • the seedling raising slurry machine also includes a control system 120, the control system 120 includes a control processing unit 121, a gate motor controller 122, agitator The dragon hoist motor controller 123, the water pump controller 124 and the stirring motor controller 125.
  • the input end of the gate motor controller 122 is connected to the control processing unit 121, the output end of the gate motor controller 122 is connected to the gate motor 53; the input end of the auger motor controller 123 is connected to the control processing unit 121, The output end of the auger hoist motor controller 123 is connected to the auger hoist motor 101 in the auger hoist 100; the input end of the water pump controller 124 is connected to the control processing unit 121, and the output of the water pump controller 124 The terminal is connected with the water pump 110; the input terminal of the stirring motor controller 125 is connected with the control processing unit 121, and the output terminal of the stirring motor controller 125 is connected with the stirring motor 70.
  • the seedling raising slurry machine controls each controller through the control processing unit 121, which can realize automatic soil adding, water adding, control of the stirring device and the opening and closing control of the discharge port 12, and the automation degree of the seedling raising slurry machine is improved.
  • the control processing unit 121 sends a counterclockwise rotation signal and working time to the gate motor controller 122.
  • the gate motor controller 122 controls the gate motor 53 to reverse within a specified time.
  • the clockwise rotates the drive gear 54 mounted on the gate motor 53 rotates, and the rack 56 and the gate 52 meshed with the drive gear 54 descend as the drive gear 54 rotates counterclockwise.
  • the fall time is the same as the rotation time of the drive gear 54 Similarly, when the gate motor 53 stops working, the gate 52 seals the discharge port 12 and the mud cannot flow out;
  • the control processing unit 121 sends the preset working time and speed of the auger hoist motor 101 and the water pump 110 to the auger hoist motor controller 123 and the water pump controller 124, respectively.
  • the dragon hoist motor 101 and the water pump 110 are controlled by the auger hoist motor controller 123 and the water pump controller 124 to start working at the specified speed and time, and transport the soil and water to the mixing device.
  • the added water and The soil mass ratio is determined according to the water-soil mass ratio of the mud within the scope of agronomic requirements;
  • the control processing unit 121 sends the pre-set working time and rotation speed of the agitating motor 70 to the agitating motor controller 125 to the agitating motor controller 125, and the agitating motor 70 is at Start working under the control of the mixing motor controller 125 to fully break up the soil in the mixing device and mix it with water. Since the gate 52 blocks the discharge port 12, the mud will not flow out;
  • the control processing unit 121 sends a clockwise rotation signal and working time to the gate motor controller 122.
  • the gate motor controller 122 controls the gate motor 53 to rotate clockwise within the specified time.
  • the drive gear 54 mounted on the gate motor 53 rotates accordingly, and the rack 56 and its gate 52 meshed with the drive gear 54 rise with the clockwise rotation of the drive gear 54.
  • the rise time is the same as the rotation time of the drive gear 54.
  • the mixing device and seedling raising slurry machine of the present invention have at least the following advantages:
  • outlet opening and closing mechanism 50 By setting the outlet opening and closing mechanism 50 at the outlet 12 of the mixing device housing 10, when the soil and water are crushed and mixed in the mixing device housing 10, the outlet opening and closing mechanism 50 is used to close
  • the discharge port 12 breaks the soil in the mixing device many times, and mixes and stirs the broken finely divided soil with water many times, so that the unbroken soil in the produced slurry is significantly reduced, and the production process is saved. The amount of water and soil needed to improve the quality of the mud produced.
  • the mud and the incompletely broken soil can only be squeezed through the gap 40 under the conveyance of the soil cutter 21.
  • the particle size is larger than L.
  • the soil particles will be blocked by the disc baffle 30 in the crushed soil area, and will continue to be chopped by the soil cutter 21 until the particle size is less than L.
  • the soil cutting shaft 23 adopts a hollow shaft, and one end of the auger shaft 25 is inserted into the soil cutting shaft 23.
  • the auger shaft 25 and the soil cutting shaft 23 can move at different speeds to realize that the auger blades 22 and the soil cutter 21 rotate at different speeds.
  • the speed of the auger blades can be set to The speed of the cutter is slower than that of the soil cutter, so that the soil can be fully chopped, avoiding soil waste and improving the mud quality.
  • the rice seedling slurry machine adding soil, adding water, mixing device control and the discharge port are realized
  • the opening and closing control of 12 improves the automation degree of the seedling slurry machine.

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Abstract

一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法，封闭式搅拌装置包括搅拌装置壳体(10)，搅拌装置壳体(10)的一端设有进料口(11)，搅拌装置壳体(10)的另一端设有出料口(12)；搅拌轴(20)转动安装在搅拌装置壳体(10)内，搅拌轴(20)靠近进料口(11)的一端设有切土刀(21)，搅拌轴(20)靠近出料口(12)的一端设有搅龙叶片(22)；还包括一出料口开闭机构(50)，出料口开闭机构(50)包括：导轨(51)，安装在搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端端板上，且位于出料口(12)的两侧；闸门(52)滑动设置在导轨(51)上；闸门电机(53)与闸门(52)连接，用于驱动闸门(52)沿导轨(51)上下运动，以打开或关闭出料口(12)。该封闭式搅拌装置及育秧泥浆机能够有效提高泥浆的质量、减少土壤的浪费。

Description

水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法。
背景技术
水稻田间育秧泥浆机具有生产效率高、能减轻人工劳动强度、生产的泥浆质量均匀等优点。但是，目前的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的搅拌装置在水和土壤进入装置后，对水和土壤进行搅拌的同时也在不停输出泥浆和未充分打碎的土壤，无法对水和土壤进行多次破碎、搅拌和混合，使得生产的泥浆中含有未经充分破碎的土壤，不仅造成了原材料的浪费，而且需要耗费人工运走未破碎的土块。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法，以解决现有技术中的育秧泥浆机的搅拌装置输出的泥浆中含有较多未经充分破碎的土壤的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，包括：
搅拌装置壳体，搅拌装置壳体的一端设有进料口，搅拌装置壳体的另一端设有出料口；
搅拌轴，转动安装在搅拌装置壳体内，搅拌轴靠近进料口的一端设有切土刀，搅拌轴靠近出料口的一端设有搅龙叶片；
还包括一出料口开闭机构，出料口开闭机构包括：
导轨，安装在搅拌装置壳体的出料端端板上，且位于出料口的两侧；
闸门，滑动设置在导轨上；
闸门电机，与闸门连接，用于驱动闸门沿导轨上下运动，以打开或关闭出料口。
进一步地，闸门电机的输出轴上安装一驱动齿轮，闸门的上端设有一连接杆，连接杆上设有一与驱动齿轮啮合的齿条，连接杆通过一限位装置安装在搅拌装置壳体的出料端端板上，连接杆能在限位装置内上下运动。
进一步地，还包括：圆盘挡板，安装在搅拌轴上，且位于切土刀和搅龙叶片之间，圆盘挡板的外沿与搅拌装置壳体的内壁之间留有供泥浆通过的间隙，间隙的宽度小于或等于农艺要求的泥浆中颗粒粒径的最大值。
进一步地，搅拌轴包括：
切土轴，安装在搅拌装置壳体内靠近进料口的一侧，切土轴为空心轴，切土刀安装在切土轴上，切土轴的一端可转动地安装在搅拌装置壳体的进料端端板上且从进料端端板伸出，切土轴从进料端端板伸出的一端安装有切土轴从动链轮；
搅龙轴，安装在搅拌装置壳体内，搅龙叶片安装在搅龙轴上，搅龙轴的一端可转动地安装在搅拌装置壳体的出料端端板上，搅龙轴的另一端穿设在切土轴内且从切土轴伸出，搅龙轴和切土轴之间设有差速轴承，搅龙轴从切土轴伸出的一端安装有搅龙轴从动链轮。
进一步地，切土轴的两端轴孔内分别安装一差速轴承，搅龙轴穿设在两个差速轴承的内孔中，切土轴和搅龙轴轴心共线。
进一步地，切土轴伸入搅拌装置壳体内的一端通过端盖螺栓安装一切土轴端盖，切土轴端盖与差速轴承之间设有一端盖油封；进料端端板上通过紧固螺栓安装有入口轴承座，切土轴通过一入口轴承转动安装在入口轴承座上，切土轴上于靠近入口轴承的内侧设有一入口油封，切土轴上于靠近入口轴承的外侧设有一入口卡环；出料端端板上设有出口轴承座，搅龙轴通过一出口轴承转动安装在出口轴承座上，搅龙轴上于靠近出口轴承的内侧设有一出口油封，出口轴承座上于靠近出口轴承的外侧设有一出口卡环。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机，包括机架，机架上设有搅拌电机，机架上设有上述的封闭式搅拌装置，搅拌电机的输出端连接一切土轴主动链轮和一搅龙轴主动链轮，切土轴主动链轮通过链条与切土轴从动链轮连接，搅龙轴主动链轮通过链条与搅龙轴从动链轮连接。
进一步地，搅拌装置壳体的出料端向上倾斜设置，使得搅拌装置壳体的出料端的高度高于其进料端的高度。
进一步地，还包括：
搅龙式提升机，搅龙式提升机用于将待搅拌土壤喂入搅拌装置；
水泵，水泵的进水端通过管道与一储水池连接，水泵的出水端通过管道与搅拌装置连接，用于向搅拌装置内加水；
控制系统，控制系统包括：
控制处理单元；
闸门电机控制器，闸门电机控制器的输入端与控制处理单元连接，闸门电机控制器的输出端与闸门电机连接；
搅龙式提升机电机控制器，搅龙式提升机电机控制器的输入端与控制处理单元连接，搅龙式提升机电机控制器的输出端与搅龙式提升机中的搅龙式提升机电机连接；
水泵控制器，水泵控制器的输入端与控制处理单元连接，水泵控制器的输出端与水泵连接；
搅拌电机控制器，搅拌电机控制器的输入端与控制处理单元连接，搅拌电机控制器的输出端与搅拌电机连接。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供了一种上述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的控制方法，包括：
育秧泥浆机开启后，控制处理单元通过闸门电机控制器控制闸门电机转动，驱动闸门向下运动关闭出料口；
控制处理单元分别通过搅龙式提升机电机控制器和水泵控制器控制搅龙式提升机电机和水泵工作，将设定量的待搅拌土壤和水喂入搅拌装置内；
控制处理单元通过搅拌电机控制器控制搅拌电机转动，进而驱动切土轴和搅龙轴工作，将土壤破碎并且与水混合形成泥浆；
切土轴和搅龙轴转动达到预定时间后，控制处理单元通过闸门电机控制器控制闸门电机反向转动，驱动闸门向上运动打开出料口，此时切土轴和搅龙轴仍然处于工作状态，泥浆从搅拌装置内被输送出来。
应用本发明的技术方案，通过在搅拌装置壳体的出料口处设置出料口开闭机构，当土壤和水在搅拌装置壳体内进行破碎和搅拌混合时，利用该出料口开闭机构关闭出料口，使搅拌装置内的土壤进行多次打碎，并将打碎后的细碎土壤与水进行多次混合和搅拌，使得生产的泥浆中的未破碎土壤明显减少，节省生产过程中所需的水和土壤的量，提升生产的泥浆质量。当泥浆搅拌完成后，通过出料口开闭机构打开出料口，将泥浆输送出去。该封闭式搅拌装置能够有效提高泥浆的质量、减少土壤的浪费，解决了育秧泥浆机的搅拌装置输出的泥浆中含有较多未经充分破碎的土壤的问题。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例的封闭式搅拌装置的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的封闭式搅拌装置的内部立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的封闭式搅拌装置的内部俯视结构示意图。
图4为图3中D处的局部放大图。
图5为本发明实施例的封闭式搅拌装置的进料端的局部示意图。
图6为本发明实施例的封闭式搅拌装置的内部剖视结构示意图。
图7为图6中A处的局部放大图。
图8为图6中B处的局部放大图。
图9为图6中C处的局部放大图。
图10为本发明实施例的育秧泥浆机的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例的育秧泥浆机沿另一方向的结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例的育秧泥浆机中控制系统的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、搅拌装置壳体；11、进料口；12、出料口；13、紧固螺栓；14、入口轴承座；15、出口轴承座；16、喂土斗；17、落料槽；21、切土刀；22、搅龙叶片；23、切土轴；24、切土轴从动链轮；25、搅龙轴；26、差速轴承；27、搅龙轴从动链轮；30、圆盘挡板；40、间隙；50、出料口开闭机构；51、导轨；52、闸门；53、闸门电机；54、驱动齿轮；55、连接杆；56、齿条；57、限位装置；60、机架；70、搅拌电机；80、切土轴主动链轮；90、搅龙轴主动链轮；100、搅龙式提升机；101、搅龙式提升机电机；110、水泵；120、控制系统；121、控制处理单元；122、闸门电机控制器；123、搅龙式提升机电机控制器；124、水泵控制器；125、搅拌电机控制器；231、端盖螺栓；232、切土轴端盖；233、端盖油封；234、入口轴承；235、入口油封；236、入口卡环；251、出口轴承；252、出口油封；253、出口卡环。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明作更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体的实施例。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也相应地改变。
实施例1
参见图1至图9，一种本发明实施例的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，该封闭式搅拌装置主要包括搅拌装置壳体10、搅拌轴20和出料口开闭机构50。其中，搅拌装置壳 体10的一端设有进料口11，搅拌装置壳体10的另一端设有出料口12；进料口11处安装有喂土斗16，出料口12的下方设有落料槽17；搅拌轴20转动安装在搅拌装置壳体10内，搅拌轴20靠近进料口11的一端设有切土刀21，搅拌轴20靠近出料口12的一端设有搅龙叶片22。出料口开闭机构50主要包括导轨51、闸门52和闸门电机53。其中，导轨51安装在搅拌装置壳体10的出料端端板上，且位于出料口12的两侧；闸门52滑动设置在导轨51上；闸门电机53与闸门52连接，用于驱动闸门52沿导轨51上下运动，以打开或关闭出料口12。
上述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，通过在搅拌装置壳体10的出料口12处设置出料口开闭机构50，当土壤和水在搅拌装置壳体10内进行破碎和搅拌混合时，利用该出料口开闭机构50关闭出料口12，使搅拌装置内的土壤进行多次打碎，并将打碎后的细碎土壤与水进行多次混合和搅拌，使得生产的泥浆中的未破碎土壤明显减少，节省生产过程中所需的水和土壤的量，提升生产的泥浆质量。当泥浆搅拌完成后，通过出料口开闭机构50打开出料口12，将泥浆输送出去。该封闭式搅拌装置能够有效提高泥浆的质量、减少土壤的浪费，解决了育秧泥浆机的搅拌装置输出的泥浆中含有较多未经充分破碎的土壤的问题。
具体来说，参见图1，在本实施例中，闸门电机53的输出轴上安装有一个驱动齿轮54，闸门52的上端设置有一根连接杆55，连接杆55上设置有一根与驱动齿轮54啮合的齿条56，连接杆55通过一个限位装置57安装在搅拌装置壳体10的出料端端板上，连接杆55能在限位装置57内上下运动。具体地，该限位装置57为一个U形槽结构，连接杆55置于槽内，U形槽的两侧设置凸缘，通过穿设在凸缘上的螺栓将限位装置57安装在搅拌装置壳体10的出料端端板上。打开或关闭出料口12时，通过闸门电机53使驱动齿轮54转动，通过齿条56带动闸门52沿导轨51上下运动，从而打开或关闭出料口12。导轨51和限位装置57使得闸门52仅能在竖直方向移动。
为了进一步提高泥浆质量，参见图2至图4以及图6和图7，在本实施例中，封闭式搅拌装置还包括圆盘挡板30，该圆盘挡板30安装在搅拌轴20上，且位于切土刀21和搅龙叶片22之间，圆盘挡板30的外沿与搅拌装置壳体10的内壁之间留有供泥浆通过的间隙40。间隙40的宽度为L(参见图4)，L的数值小于或等于农艺要求的泥浆中颗粒粒径的最大值。搅拌装置工作时，泥浆和未完全打碎的土壤只能在切土刀21的输送下挤过间隙40，泥浆中粒径大于L的土壤颗粒会被圆盘挡板30阻挡在碎土区域内，被切土刀21继续切碎至粒径小于L为止。通过设置上述的圆盘挡板30，能够将土壤进行充分的打碎，进一步提高泥浆的质量。
为了更进一步提高泥浆质量，参见图3以及图6至图8，在本实施例中，搅拌轴20包括切土轴23和搅龙轴25。切土轴23安装在搅拌装置壳体10内靠近进料口11的一侧，切土轴 23为空心轴，切土刀21焊接安装在切土轴23上，切土轴23的一端可转动地安装在搅拌装置壳体10的进料端端板上且从进料端端板伸出，切土轴23从进料端端板伸出的一端通过平键安装有切土轴从动链轮24；搅龙轴25安装在搅拌装置壳体10内，搅龙叶片22焊接安装在搅龙轴25上，搅龙轴25的一端可转动地安装在搅拌装置壳体10的出料端端板上，搅龙轴25的另一端穿设在切土轴23内且从切土轴23伸出，搅龙轴25和切土轴23之间设有差速轴承26，搅龙轴25从切土轴23伸出的一端安装有搅龙轴从动链轮27。切土轴从动链轮24通过平键安装在切土轴23从进料端端板伸出的一端，搅龙轴从动链轮27通过平键安装在搅龙轴25从切土轴23伸出的一端。
如此设置，通过将切碎部件与输送搅龙分开为两根轴，切土轴23采用空心轴，并将搅龙轴25的一端穿设在切土轴23内，搅龙轴25与切土轴23之间通过差速轴承26相连接，并分别在切土轴23和搅龙轴25上安装切土轴从动链轮24和搅龙轴从动链轮27；使用时，当搅龙轴25与切土轴23开始转动时，由于搅龙轴25与切土轴23之间安装有差速轴承26，因此当搅龙轴从动链轮27与切土轴从动链轮24的转速不同时，搅龙轴25与切土轴23可以按照不同的转速运动，实现搅龙叶片22和切土刀21按照不同的转速旋转。可将搅龙叶片22的转速设置得比切土刀21的转速慢些，从而能够更进一步将土壤充分切碎，避免土壤浪费、提高泥浆质量。
具体的，参见图6，在本实施例中，切土轴23的两端轴孔内分别安装有一个差速轴承26，搅龙轴25穿设在两个差速轴承26的内孔中，且切土轴23和搅龙轴25轴心共线。如此设置，可使切土轴23与搅龙轴25之间在转动时更加稳定。差速轴承26优选采用深沟球轴承。
参见图7，在本实施例中，切土轴23伸入搅拌装置壳体10内的一端通过端盖螺栓231安装有一个切土轴端盖232，并且在该切土轴端盖232与差速轴承26之间设置有一个端盖油封233。如此，可提高切土轴23与搅龙轴25之间的密封性，避免搅拌装置壳体10内的泥浆从切土轴23和搅龙轴25之间的间隙漏出。
参见图8，在本实施例中，进料端端板上通过紧固螺栓13固定安装有一个入口轴承座14，切土轴23通过一个入口轴承234转动安装在该入口轴承座14上，在切土轴23上于靠近入口轴承234的内侧还设置有一个入口油封235，在切土轴23上于靠近入口轴承234的外侧设置有一个入口卡环236。入口卡环236通过切土轴23上的定位槽固定在切土轴23上，入口轴承234安装在入口轴承座14内，入口轴承234通过切土轴23的轴肩和入口卡环236定位。如此设置，可使切土轴23在搅拌装置壳体10内稳定转动，并可避免搅拌装置壳体10内的泥浆从切土轴23与入口轴承座14之间的缝隙漏出。
参见图9，在本实施例中，出料端端板上焊接有出口轴承座15，搅龙轴25通过一个出口 轴承251转动安装在该出口轴承座15上，在搅龙轴25上于靠近出口轴承251的内侧设置有一个出口油封252，在出口轴承座15上于靠近出口轴承251的外侧设置有一个出口卡环253。出口卡环253通过出口轴承座15上的定位槽进行定位，出口轴承251通过出口卡环253和搅龙轴25轴肩定位。这样设置，可使搅龙轴25在搅拌装置壳体10内稳定地转动，并可避免搅拌装置壳体10内的泥浆从搅龙轴25与出口轴承座15之间的缝隙漏出。
实施例2
参见图1至图12，一种本发明实施例的水稻田间育秧泥浆机，该水稻田间育秧泥浆机主要包括机架60、搅拌电机70和封闭式搅拌装置。其中，搅拌电机70和封闭式搅拌装置均设置在机架60上，搅拌电机70的输出端通过传动机构连接有切土轴主动链轮80和搅龙轴主动链轮90，该切土轴主动链轮80通过链条与切土轴从动链轮24连接，搅龙轴主动链轮90通过链条与搅龙轴从动链轮27连接。本实施例中的封闭式搅拌装置与实施例1中的封闭式搅拌装置相同，在此不再赘述。
上述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机，通过在搅拌装置壳体10的出料口12处设置出料口开闭机构50，当土壤和水在搅拌装置壳体10内进行破碎和搅拌混合时，利用该出料口开闭机构50关闭出料口12，使搅拌装置内的土壤进行多次打碎，并将打碎后的细碎土壤与水进行多次混合和搅拌，使得生产的泥浆中的未破碎土壤明显减少，节省生产过程中所需的水和土壤的量，提升生产的泥浆质量。
通过在切土刀21和搅龙叶片22之间设置圆盘挡板30，泥浆和未完全打碎的土壤只能在切土刀21的输送下挤过间隙40，泥浆中粒径大于L的土壤颗粒会被圆盘挡板30阻挡在碎土区域内，被切土刀21继续切碎至粒径小于L为止。通过设置上述的圆盘挡板30，能够将土壤进行充分的打碎，进一步提高泥浆的质量。
通过将封闭式搅拌装置中的切碎部件与输送搅龙分开为两根轴，且两根轴通过差速轴承26连接，切土刀21与搅龙叶片22的转速可以不相同，可将切土刀21的转速设置得大于搅龙叶片22的转速，从而更进一步将土壤充分切碎，避免土壤浪费、提高泥浆质量。
具体来说，切土轴主动链轮80和搅龙轴主动链轮90可以设置在同一根轴上(参见图10)，采用这种方式时，可通过对切土轴主动链轮80与搅龙轴主动链轮90、切土轴从动链轮24与搅龙轴从动链轮27的大小和齿数进行设置，实现切土刀21与搅龙叶片22的转速不同。这种方式可以只采用一台搅拌电机70，结构相对简单。当然，也可以采用两台搅拌电机70分别驱动切土刀21和搅龙叶片22旋转的方式。采用这种方式时，可通过调节两台搅拌电机70的转速，使切土刀21和搅龙叶片22的转速不相同。这种方式结构相对会复杂一些，但是对于转速的调节更加方便。
参见图10和图11，在本实施例中，搅拌装置壳体10的出料端略微向上倾斜设置，使得搅拌装置壳体10的出料端的高度略高于其进料端的高度。这样设置，可以延长土壤在搅拌装置壳体10内的切碎时间，进一步提高泥浆质量。
进一步地，参见图10和图11，该育秧泥浆机还包括一台搅龙式提升机100和一台水泵110。其中，搅龙式提升机100用于将待搅拌土壤喂入搅拌装置；水泵110的进水端通过管道与一个储水池连接，水泵110的出水端通过管道与搅拌装置连接，该水泵110用于向搅拌装置内加水。
为了方便对水稻田间育秧泥浆机进行自动控制，参见图12，在本实施例中，该育秧泥浆机还包括一个控制系统120，该控制系统120包括控制处理单元121、闸门电机控制器122、搅龙式提升机电机控制器123、水泵控制器124和搅拌电机控制器125。其中，闸门电机控制器122的输入端与控制处理单元121连接，闸门电机控制器122的输出端与闸门电机53连接；搅龙式提升机电机控制器123的输入端与控制处理单元121连接，搅龙式提升机电机控制器123的输出端与搅龙式提升机100中的搅龙式提升机电机101连接；水泵控制器124的输入端与控制处理单元121连接，水泵控制器124的输出端与水泵110连接；搅拌电机控制器125的输入端与控制处理单元121连接，搅拌电机控制器125的输出端与搅拌电机70连接。如此设置，该育秧泥浆机通过控制处理单元121控制各个控制器，可实现自动加土壤、加水、搅拌装置控制和出料口12的开闭控制，提高了育秧泥浆机的自动化程度。
本发明的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的工作原理如下：
按下图12中开关SW开启育秧泥浆机，控制处理单元121发送逆时针旋转信号和工作时间给闸门电机控制器122，闸门电机控制器122接收指令后，控制闸门电机53在规定的时间内逆时针旋转，安装在闸门电机53上的驱动齿轮54随之旋转，而与驱动齿轮54啮合的齿条56及其闸门52随着驱动齿轮54逆时针旋转而下降，下降时间与驱动齿轮54旋转时间相同，当闸门电机53停止工作时，闸门52将出料口12封住，泥浆无法流出；
当闸门电机53停止工作后，控制处理单元121将预先设置的搅龙式提升机电机101和水泵110的工作时间和转速分别发送给搅龙式提升机电机控制器123和水泵控制器124，搅龙式提升机电机101和水泵110在搅龙式提升机电机控制器123和水泵控制器124的控制下，按规定转速和时间开始工作，将土壤和水输送至搅拌装置内，加入的水和土壤的质量比根据农艺要求范围的泥浆的水土质量比来确定；
当搅龙式提升机电机101和水泵110停止工作后，控制处理单元121向搅拌电机控制器125将预先设定的搅拌电机70的工作时间和转速发送给搅拌电机控制器125，搅拌电机70在搅拌电机控制器125的控制下开始工作，将搅拌装置内的土壤充分打碎并且和水进行混合， 由于闸门52挡住了出料口12，因此泥浆不会流出；
当搅拌装置工作一段预定的时间后，控制处理单元121发送顺时针旋转信号和工作时间给闸门电机控制器122，闸门电机控制器122接收指令后，控制闸门电机53在规定的时间内顺时针旋转，安装在闸门电机53上的驱动齿轮54随之旋转，而与驱动齿轮54啮合的齿条56及其闸门52随着驱动齿轮54顺时针旋转而上升，上升时间与驱动齿轮54旋转时间相同，在闸门52上升这段时间内，搅拌电机70仍然是处于工作状态，此时搅拌装置内的泥浆被输送出来，当搅拌电机70工作了预设的一段时间后，搅拌电机70停止工作。
总体而言，本发明的搅拌装置及其育秧泥浆机至少具有以下优点：
通过在搅拌装置壳体10的出料口12处设置出料口开闭机构50，当土壤和水在搅拌装置壳体10内进行破碎和搅拌混合时，利用该出料口开闭机构50关闭出料口12，使搅拌装置内的土壤进行多次打碎，并将打碎后的细碎土壤与水进行多次混合和搅拌，使得生产的泥浆中的未破碎土壤明显减少，节省生产过程中所需的水和土壤的量，提升生产的泥浆质量。
通过在切土刀21和搅龙叶片22之间设置圆盘挡板30，泥浆和未完全打碎的土壤只能在切土刀21的输送下挤过间隙40，泥浆中粒径大于L的土壤颗粒会被圆盘挡板30阻挡在碎土区域内，被切土刀21继续切碎至粒径小于L为止。通过设置上述的圆盘挡板30，能够将土壤进行充分的打碎，进一步提高泥浆的质量。
通过将切碎部件与输送搅龙分开为两根轴，切土轴23采用空心轴，并将搅龙轴25的一端穿设在切土轴23内，搅龙轴25与切土轴23之间通过差速轴承26相连接，搅龙轴25与切土轴23可以按照不同的转速运动，实现搅龙叶片22和切土刀21按照不同的转速旋转，可将搅龙叶片的转速设置得比切土刀的转速慢些，从而能够将土壤充分切碎，避免土壤浪费、提高泥浆质量。
通过设置控制系统120，并将搅龙式提升机100、水泵110、搅拌电机70和闸门电机53均与该控制系统120连接，实现了育秧泥浆机加土壤、加水、搅拌装置控制和出料口12的开闭控制，提高了育秧泥浆机的自动化程度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，包括：
    搅拌装置壳体(10)，所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的一端设有进料口(11)，所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的另一端设有出料口(12)；
    搅拌轴(20)，转动安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)内，所述搅拌轴(20)靠近所述进料口(11)的一端设有切土刀(21)，所述搅拌轴(20)靠近所述出料口(12)的一端设有搅龙叶片(22)；
    其特征在于，还包括一出料口开闭机构(50)，所述出料口开闭机构(50)包括：
    导轨(51)，安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端端板上，且位于所述出料口(12)的两侧；
    闸门(52)，滑动设置在所述导轨(51)上；
    闸门电机(53)，与所述闸门(52)连接，用于驱动所述闸门(52)沿所述导轨(51)上下运动，以打开或关闭所述出料口(12)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，其特征在于，所述闸门电机(53)的输出轴上安装一驱动齿轮(54)，所述闸门(52)的上端设有一连接杆(55)，所述连接杆(55)上设有一与所述驱动齿轮(54)啮合的齿条(56)，所述连接杆(55)通过一限位装置(57)安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端端板上，所述连接杆(55)能在所述限位装置(57)内上下运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    圆盘挡板(30)，安装在所述搅拌轴(20)上，且位于所述切土刀(21)和所述搅龙叶片(22)之间，所述圆盘挡板(30)的外沿与所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的内壁之间留有供泥浆通过的间隙(40)，所述间隙(40)的宽度小于或等于农艺要求的泥浆中颗粒粒径的最大值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，其特征在于，所述搅拌轴(20)包括：
    切土轴(23)，安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)内靠近所述进料口(11)的一侧，所述切土轴(23)为空心轴，所述切土刀(21)安装在所述切土轴(23)上，所述切土轴(23)的一端可转动地安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的进料端端板上且从所述进料端端板伸出，所述切土轴(23)从所述进料端端板伸出的一端安装有切土轴从动链轮(24)；
    搅龙轴(25)，安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)内，所述搅龙叶片(22)安装在所述搅龙轴(25)上，所述搅龙轴(25)的一端可转动地安装在所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端端板上，所述搅龙轴(25)的另一端穿设在所述切土轴(23)内且从所述切土轴(23)伸出，所述搅龙轴(25)和所述切土轴(23)之间设有差速轴承(26)，所述搅龙轴(25)从所述切 土轴(23)伸出的一端安装有搅龙轴从动链轮(27)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，其特征在于，所述切土轴(23)的两端轴孔内分别安装一所述差速轴承(26)，所述搅龙轴(25)穿设在两个所述差速轴承(26)的内孔中，所述切土轴(23)和所述搅龙轴(25)轴心共线。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置，其特征在于，
    所述切土轴(23)伸入所述搅拌装置壳体(10)内的一端通过端盖螺栓(231)安装一切土轴端盖(232)，所述切土轴端盖(232)与所述差速轴承(26)之间设有一端盖油封(233)；
    所述进料端端板上通过紧固螺栓(13)安装有入口轴承座(14)，所述切土轴(23)通过一入口轴承(234)转动安装在所述入口轴承座(14)上，所述切土轴(23)上于靠近所述入口轴承(234)的内侧设有一入口油封(235)，所述切土轴(23)上于靠近所述入口轴承(234)的外侧设有一入口卡环(236)；
    所述出料端端板上设有出口轴承座(15)，所述搅龙轴(25)通过一出口轴承(251)转动安装在所述出口轴承座(15)上，所述搅龙轴(25)上于靠近所述出口轴承(251)的内侧设有一出口油封(252)，所述出口轴承座(15)上于靠近所述出口轴承(251)的外侧设有一出口卡环(253)。
  7. 一种水稻田间育秧泥浆机，包括机架(60)，所述机架(60)上设有搅拌电机(70)，其特征在于，所述机架(60)上设有如权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的封闭式搅拌装置，所述搅拌电机(70)的输出端连接一切土轴主动链轮(80)和一搅龙轴主动链轮(90)，所述切土轴主动链轮(80)通过链条与所述切土轴从动链轮(24)连接，所述搅龙轴主动链轮(90)通过链条与所述搅龙轴从动链轮(27)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机，其特征在于，所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端向上倾斜设置，使得所述搅拌装置壳体(10)的出料端的高度高于其进料端的高度。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机，其特征在于，还包括：
    搅龙式提升机(100)，所述搅龙式提升机(100)用于将待搅拌土壤喂入所述搅拌装置；
    水泵(110)，所述水泵(110)的进水端通过管道与一储水池连接，所述水泵(110)的出水端通过管道与所述搅拌装置连接，用于向所述搅拌装置内加水；
    控制系统(120)，所述控制系统(120)包括：
    控制处理单元(121)；
    闸门电机控制器(122)，所述闸门电机控制器(122)的输入端与所述控制处理单元(121)连接，所述闸门电机控制器(122)的输出端与所述闸门电机(53)连接；
    搅龙式提升机电机控制器(123)，所述搅龙式提升机电机控制器(123)的输入端与所述 控制处理单元(121)连接，所述搅龙式提升机电机控制器(123)的输出端与所述搅龙式提升机(100)中的搅龙式提升机电机(101)连接；
    水泵控制器(124)，所述水泵控制器(124)的输入端与所述控制处理单元(121)连接，所述水泵控制器(124)的输出端与所述水泵(110)连接；
    搅拌电机控制器(125)，所述搅拌电机控制器(125)的输入端与所述控制处理单元(121)连接，所述搅拌电机控制器(125)的输出端与所述搅拌电机(70)连接。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的水稻田间育秧泥浆机的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    育秧泥浆机开启后，所述控制处理单元(121)通过所述闸门电机控制器(122)控制所述闸门电机(53)转动，驱动所述闸门(52)向下运动关闭所述出料口(12)；
    所述控制处理单元(121)分别通过所述搅龙式提升机电机控制器(123)和所述水泵控制器(124)控制所述搅龙式提升机电机(101)和所述水泵(110)工作，将设定量的所述待搅拌土壤和水喂入所述搅拌装置内；
    所述控制处理单元(121)通过所述搅拌电机控制器(125)控制所述搅拌电机(70)转动，进而驱动所述切土轴(23)和所述搅龙轴(25)工作，将土壤破碎并且与水混合形成泥浆；
    所述切土轴(23)和所述搅龙轴(25)转动达到预定时间后，所述控制处理单元(121)通过所述闸门电机控制器(122)控制所述闸门电机(53)反向转动，驱动所述闸门(52)向上运动打开所述出料口(12)，此时所述切土轴(23)和所述搅龙轴(25)仍然处于工作状态，泥浆从所述搅拌装置内被输送出来。
PCT/CN2020/101395 2019-09-27 2020-07-10 水稻田间育秧泥浆机的封闭式搅拌装置、育秧泥浆机及其控制方法 WO2021057194A1 (zh)

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