WO2021054247A1 - 熱交換器用部材、熱交換器、空気調和機、及び冷蔵庫 - Google Patents

熱交換器用部材、熱交換器、空気調和機、及び冷蔵庫 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021054247A1
WO2021054247A1 PCT/JP2020/034385 JP2020034385W WO2021054247A1 WO 2021054247 A1 WO2021054247 A1 WO 2021054247A1 JP 2020034385 W JP2020034385 W JP 2020034385W WO 2021054247 A1 WO2021054247 A1 WO 2021054247A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
oxide film
carbon
air conditioner
heat
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PCT/JP2020/034385
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
資起 ▲高▼川
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株式会社山一ハガネ
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Application filed by 株式会社山一ハガネ filed Critical 株式会社山一ハガネ
Priority to US17/612,303 priority Critical patent/US20220260327A1/en
Priority to CN202080036676.XA priority patent/CN113853506A/zh
Priority to JP2021546644A priority patent/JP7373227B2/ja
Publication of WO2021054247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021054247A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/032—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0323—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/006—General constructional features for mounting refrigerating machinery components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/04—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28F17/005—Means for draining condensates from heat exchangers, e.g. from evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
    • F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a member for a heat exchanger in which characteristics other than the characteristics peculiar to the metal are imparted to the metal surface, and an apparatus including the member.
  • Condensation and frost occur on the surface of the heat exchange fins of the heat exchangers installed in the indoor and outdoor units when the air conditioner is operating. Condensation and frost formation on the surface of the heat exchange fins have adverse effects such as a decrease in heat exchangeability, a decrease in air blowing efficiency, and an increase in power consumption of the air conditioner itself.
  • water repellent technology has been actively studied as a countermeasure against dew condensation and frost formation on the surface of the heat exchange fins. Such a technique is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1.
  • Patent Document 1 describes heat exchange by forming a coating composition composed of a water-soluble organic solvent that dissolves a fluororesin, a fluororesin, hydrophilic silica particles, and hydrophobic silica particles on the surface of a heat exchanger. A method for suppressing dew condensation and frost formation on the vessel is described.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a coating film having excellent thermal conductivity on a metal surface forming a heat exchange fin of a heat exchanger or a heat exchanger. It is to realize highly efficient heat exchanger members, heat exchangers, air conditioners and refrigerators by imparting characteristics not found in the above.
  • the heat exchanger member of the present invention is a heat exchanger member made of metal, and has a carbon-containing metal oxide film having irregularities on the metal surface.
  • the average distance between the vertices of the convex portions of the unevenness is 40 nm or more and 120 nm or less, and the average value of the height difference between the apex of the adjacent convex portion and the bottom point of the concave portion is 30 nm or more and 250 nm or less.
  • FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the indoor unit of the air conditioner using the heat exchanger member which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the heat exchanger member which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of arrow aa of FIG. It is an AFM observation result of the surface of the heat exchanger member which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the equipment for producing Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the time chart of the load electrolytic density for producing Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the dew condensation test result of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a SEM perspective view of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a SEM perspective view of the comparative example with respect to Embodiment 1 of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cut model of an indoor unit 100 of an air conditioner.
  • the indoor unit 100 of the air conditioner includes a heat exchanger 110, an air filter 120, a blower fan 130, a drain pan 140, a housing 150, and a control unit and a drive unit (not shown).
  • the heat exchanger 110 includes a refrigerant pipe 111 and fins 112.
  • the heat exchanger member of the present invention means a member constituting the heat exchanger 110 (refrigerant pipe 111 and fin 112). In the following description, the heat exchanger member will be described as a member constituting the fin 112.
  • ⁇ Structure of members> 2 and 3 which are cross-sectional views taken along the line aa of FIG. 2 are views showing fins 112 constituting the heat exchanger 110, which is a specific example of the heat exchanger member of the present invention.
  • a carbon-containing oxide film 112B in which fine irregularities 112C are provided on a metal base 112A made of a main material (aluminum, stainless steel, copper, etc.) forming the fin 112 is provided.
  • the carbon-containing oxide film 112B having the fine unevenness 112C is a metal oxide film containing carbon, and imparts a function of improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 110.
  • the fin 112 is made of a metal plate such as a rolled aluminum plate, a rolled stainless steel plate, or a rolled copper plate.
  • the thickness of the fin 112 may be 0.05 to 0.50. Further, the thickness of the fins 112 is preferably 0.05 to 0.20 so that when configured as a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger of the same volume can have a larger surface area than the fins 112. The size is appropriately determined according to the purpose of use.
  • the carbon-containing oxide film 112B is an oxide of the same or similar metal as the carbon-containing metal base material.
  • the film thickness of the carbon-containing oxide film 112B may be 40 nm to 300 nm. Further, the film thickness of the carbon-containing oxide film 112B is preferably 100 nm to 300 nm in order to utilize the thermal conductivity of the contained carbons and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the carbon content ratio in the carbon-containing oxide film 112B may be 5 at% to 50 at% at a point of 3 nm to 5 nm from the surface (the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the metal base 112A). Further, the carbon content ratio of the carbon-containing oxide film 112B is 3 nm to 5 nm from the surface in order to provide the characteristics imparted by the carbon content and to maintain the strength of the film. 20 at% to 40 at% is preferable.
  • the carbon contained in the carbon-containing oxide film 112B is preferably crystalline, and carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, etc. are preferable for enhancing heat conduction.
  • the fine concavo-convex 112C is provided on the surface of the carbon-containing oxide film 112B (the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the metal base 112A), and the average spacing of the vertices of the convex portions of the fine concavo-convex 112C is 40 nm or more and 120 nm or less and adjacent to each other.
  • the average value of the difference in height between the apex of the convex portion and the bottom point of the concave portion may be 30 nm or more and 250 nm or less.
  • the average value of the height difference between the apex of the convex portion and the bottom point of the concave portion is 100 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
  • the fin 112 in the example is made of a 67 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm aluminum plate.
  • the following treatment was performed on the surface of the aluminum plate (metal base 112A) in order to provide a carbon-containing oxide film 112B having fine irregularities 112C.
  • this aluminum plate (metal base 112A) is immersed and degreased with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (immersion time: 5 minutes).
  • immersion time 5 minutes
  • the aluminum plate connected to the electric circuit 400 and the SUS304 electrodes 404 and 405 connected to the electric circuit 400 are immersed in the bathtub 300 containing the treatment liquid 301.
  • sodium hydroxide and 5% carbon nanotube dispersion liquid are added to purified water so as to have concentrations of 1.7 g / l and 40 ml / l, respectively, and the liquid temperature is 30 ° C. The temperature is adjusted so that
  • the voltage is applied to the aluminum plate by the rectifier 401, the rectifier 402, and the changeover switch 403 in the pattern shown in FIG. ..
  • the carbon-containing oxide film 112B is provided on the surface of the aluminum plate (metal base 112A) at 200 nm, and at the same time, the average distance between the vertices of the convex portions having a concave-convex shape is 88 nm and is adjacent to the surface of the carbon-containing oxide film 112B.
  • the water-repellent treatment and the hydrophilic treatment have a problem that the essential heat exchange rate is lowered because silica particles and fluorine particles having lower thermal conductivity than aluminum oxide naturally formed on the surface of aluminum are provided.
  • the mechanism of the fin 112 constituting the heat exchange of the present invention is unknown, but it has a remarkable effect of suppressing dew condensation. Further, since the carbon-containing oxide film 112B containing carbon having higher thermal conductivity than aluminum oxide on the surface of aluminum is provided, silica particles and fluorine particles having lower thermal conductivity than aluminum are provided. The heat exchange efficiency of aluminum, which is the main material of the fin 112, is not impaired as compared with the general water-repellent treatment and hydrophilic treatment.
  • the fins 112 (contact angle: 130 °, sliding angle 30 °) constituting the heat exchanger of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 and the comparison fins (contact angle: 130 °, sliding angle 29 °) shown in FIG. 9 )
  • the manufacturing conditions of this comparative fin are different from those of the present invention and there are fine irregularities (Ra: 0.1 ⁇ m)
  • the average distance between the vertices of the convex portions of the concave-convex shape is 1.0 ⁇ m with respect to the irregularities of the present invention. Wide fine irregularities are formed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a photograph showing the dew condensation state of each fin 60 minutes after the start of cooling.
  • the fin 112 of the present invention at least no dew condensation water was generated, and in the comparative fin, dew condensation water adhered.
  • the fins coated with a hydrophilic coat or a water-repellent coat were also confirmed to have condensed water as in the case of the comparative fins.
  • wet electrolysis treatment under the above conditions was used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other conditions are used. Or other treatment methods (such as sputtering using a metal oxide target containing carbon nanotubes or a sol-gel method). However, the wet electrolysis treatment is superior to other treatment methods in terms of cost.
  • the fin 112 of the present invention can prevent dew condensation and improve the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger as compared with the conventional hydrophilic coating, fluororesin coating, or conventional water repellent treatment by forming unevenness. It works.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the fin 112, and may be, for example, a copper radiator cooling water pipe or a member constituting a water cooling jacket for cooling a power device. In this case, the same effect as that of the fin 112 is obtained. Further, the carbon-containing oxide film 112B also has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the member.
  • the heat exchanger composed of the members such as the fin 112 has the same effect as the fin 112.
  • the present invention can be used for heat exchanger members that require dew condensation prevention, frost prevention, and corrosion resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

金属表面に、熱伝導性に優れる被膜で金属自体にはない特性を付与しつつ、高効率な熱交換器用部材を実現する。　熱交換器用部材は、金属からなり、金属表面に微細凹凸（１１２Ｃ）が設けられた炭素含有酸化膜（１１２Ｂ）を有し、微細凹凸（１１２Ｃ）の凸部の頂点の平均間隔が４０ｎｍ以上１２０ｎｍ以下で、かつ隣接する凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が３０ｎｍ以上２５０ｎｍ以下である。

Description

熱交換器用部材、熱交換器、空気調和機、及び冷蔵庫
　本発明は、金属表面にこの金属固有の特性以外の特性が付与されている熱交換器用部材及びこの部材を含む機器に関する。
　空調機の稼働時に室内機及び室外機に設けられている熱交換器の熱交換フィン表面に結露や着霜が発生する。この熱交換フィン表面の結露や着霜は、熱交換性の低下や、送風効率の低下、それらに伴う空気調和機自体の消費電力の増加等、悪影響を及ぼす。近年、空気調和分野において、この熱交換フィン表面の結露や着霜に対する対策として撥水に関する技術が盛んに検討されている。このような技術は、例えば特許文献１に開示されている。
　特許文献１には、フッ素樹脂を溶解する水溶性有機溶媒と、フッ素樹脂と、親水性シリカ粒子と、疎水性シリカ粒子からなるコーティング組成物を熱交換器の表面に形成することによって、熱交換器に発生する結露や着霜等を抑制する方法が記載されている。
ＷＯ２０１６／１８１６７６公報
　しかしながら、特許文献１の技術では、熱交換器の熱交換フィンの一般的な材料であるアルミニウムや、その表面に自然に形成されている酸化アルミニウムよりも、著しく熱伝導性の低いシリカ粒子（酸化アルミニウムの熱伝統率の１/２０程度）や一般に金属や金属酸化膜よりも熱伝導率の低い有機材料を用いている。このため、空調機の消費電力増加の対策であるはずのコーティング組成物自体が、結露等が発生しない環境で空調機を稼働させる際には空調機の消費電力を増加させるという問題があった。
　さらに、接触角や滑落角が優れているだけの撥水処理では、実際の結露によって生じる水滴の付着に対しては、大きな効果がないことが近年では判明している（原因は現時点で未解明）。このため、熱交換器に対して撥水処理を施す技術は実用化されず、親水処理で消極的な結露や着霜対策が実施されていた。
　本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、熱交換器や熱交換器の熱交換フィンを形成している金属表面に、熱伝導性に優れる被膜で金属自体にはない特性を付与し、高効率な熱交換機用部材、熱交換器、空気調和機及び冷蔵庫を実現することである。
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の熱交換器用部材は、金属からなる熱交換器用部材であって、前記金属表面に凹凸が設けられた炭素が含有された金属酸化膜を有し、前記凹凸の凸部の頂点の平均間隔が４０ｎｍ以上１２０ｎｍ以下で、かつ隣接する凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が３０ｎｍ以上２５０ｎｍ以下である。
　本発明によれば、熱交換器用部材に熱交換器の熱交換効率が向上する機能を付加できる効果を奏する。
本発明の実施形態１に係る熱交換器用部材を用いた空気調和機の室内機を示す斜視図である。 本発明の実施形態１に係る熱交換器用部材を示す図である。 図２の矢視ａ－ａ断面を示す模式図である。 本発明の実施形態１に係る熱交換器用部材の表面のＡＦＭ観察結果である。 本発明の実施形態１を作製するための設備を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態１を作製するための負荷電解密度のタイムチャートを示す図である。 本発明の実施形態１の結露試験結果を示す図である。 本発明の実施形態１のＳＥＭ斜視図である。 本発明の実施形態１に対する比較例のＳＥＭ斜視図である。
　〔実施形態１〕
　以下に、本発明の実施形態について、図１～図９に基づいて説明する。
　＜部材が組み込まれた空気調和機の室内機の構成＞
　図１は、空気調和機の室内機１００のカットモデルを示す図である。空気調和機の室内機１００は、熱交換器１１０、エアフィルター１２０、送風ファン１３０、ドレンパン１４０、筐体１５０と図示しない制御部や駆動部等からなる。
　熱交換器１１０は冷媒配管１１１とフィン１１２からなる。本発明の熱交換器用部材は、熱交換器１１０（冷媒配管１１１及びフィン１１２）を構成する部材を意味する。以降の説明では、熱交換器用部材はフィン１１２を構成する部材として説明する。
　＜部材の構成＞
　図２及び図２のａ－ａ断面図である図３は、本発明の熱交換器用部材の具体的例である熱交換器１１０を構成するフィン１１２を示す図である。図３に示すように、フィン１１２を形成する主要材料（アルミニウム、ステンレス、銅等）からなる金属素地１１２Ａ上に微細凹凸１１２Ｃが設けられた炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂを備えている。この微細凹凸１１２Ｃを有する炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂは、炭素が含有された金属酸化膜であり、熱交換器１１０の熱交換効率が向上する機能を付与する。
　フィン１１２は、圧延アルミニウム板、圧延ステンレス板、又は圧延銅板等の金属板からなる。フィン１１２の厚さは０．０５～０．５０であれば良い。さらに、このフィン１１２の厚さは、熱交換機として構成した際に、同じ体積の熱交換器で、フィン１１２より表面積を広くできるように、０．０５～０．２０が好ましい。大きさは、使用目的に応じて適宜決定される。
　炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂは、炭素が含有された金属素地材料と同じ又は同様の金属の酸化物である。この炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂの膜厚は４０ｎｍ～３００ｎｍであれば良い。さらに、この炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂの膜厚は、含有される炭素類の熱伝導性を活用し、耐食性を向上させるために、１００ｎｍ～３００ｎｍが好ましい。この炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂに含有される炭素の含有比率は、表面（金属素地１１２Ａと接触する面の反対面）から３ｎｍ～５ｎｍの地点で５ａｔ％～５０ａｔ％であれば良い。さらに、この炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂに含有される炭素の含有比率は、炭素が含有されたことによって付与される特性を備えさせ、且つ皮膜の強度を保つために、表面から３ｎｍ～５ｎｍの地点で２０ａｔ％～４０ａｔ％が好ましい。
　炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂに含有される炭素は、結晶性を有する物が好ましく、カーボンナノチューブやフラーレンやグラフェン等が、熱伝導を高めるために好ましい。
　微細凹凸１１２Ｃは、炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂの表面（金属素地１１２Ａと接触する面の反対面）に設けられており、微細凹凸１１２Ｃの凸部の頂点の平均間隔が４０ｎｍ以上１２０ｎｍ以下で、かつ隣接する凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が３０ｎｍ以上２５０ｎｍ以下であれば良い。さらに、この微細凹凸１１２Ｃは、より結露防止性を付与するため、凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が１００ｎｍ以上２００ｎｍ以下であることがより好ましい。
　以下に、図５～図６に基づき実施形態１に係る実施例を説明する。実施例におけるフィン１１２は、６７ｍｍ×８０ｍｍ×０．３ｍｍのアルミニウム板から作製される。このアルミニウム板（金属素地１１２Ａ）の表面に、微細凹凸１１２Ｃのある炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂを設けるために以下の処理を行った。
　先ず、このアルミニウム板（金属素地１１２Ａ）を、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液にて浸漬脱脂（浸漬時間：５分）する。その後、処理液３０１が入った浴槽３００に、図５に示すように、電気回路４００に接続したアルミニウム板と、電気回路４００に接続したＳＵＳ３０４製電極４０４、４０５とを浸漬する。浴槽３００内の処理液３０１は、水酸化ナトリウムと、５％のカーボンナノチューブ分散液を、それぞれ濃度１．７ｇ／ｌ、４０ｍｌ／ｌとなるように精製水に添加し、液温が３０℃となるように温度調整されている。
　その後、図５に示す矢印の方向に電流が流れる場合を＋方向の電圧とした場合、図６に示すようなパターンで、整流器４０１と整流器４０２と切り替えスイッチ４０３により、アルミ板に電圧を負荷した。
　最後に、水洗し、恒温槽内で乾燥(８０℃　３０分)を行う。このようにして、アルミニウム板（金属素地１１２Ａ）の表面に炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂを２００ｎｍ設けると同時に、炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂの表面に凹凸形状の凸部の頂点の平均間隔が８８ｎｍで、かつ隣接する凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が１００ｎｍである微細凹凸１１２Ｃを設け、フィン１１２とした。
　＜実証試験＞
　ここで、熱交換器を構成するフィンで求められている特性について説明する。熱交換器は、外部から熱を奪うために使われる際には、フィン表面に結露が生じる。結露は、暖房運転時の空気調和機の室外機や冷蔵庫においては、結露が霜になり、熱交換器の熱交換効率を著しく阻害する。また、冷房運転時の室内機においても、結露が熱交換の熱変換効率を阻害する。このように、結露を防止する事で、熱交換器の熱交換効率を著しく向上させることができる。しかしながら、結露発生自体を防止する事は困難であり、フィンに撥水処理又は親水処理等を施すにより、結露水をフィン表面から早く滑落させることで対応するしかなかった。この場合、原因は不明であるが、結露発生時においては、撥水性や親水性を示す一般な指標である接触角や滑落角が良好なものであっても、実際には、その良好さで期待されるほど結露水を滑落させることはできなかった。
　さらに、撥水処理や親水処理は、アルミニウムの表面に自然に形成される酸化アルミニウムより熱伝導性の低いシリカ粒子やフッ素粒子を設けるため、肝心の熱交換率が低下するという問題もあった。
　本発明の熱交換を構成するフィン１１２は、そのメカニズムは不明であるが、結露を抑制する顕著な効果がある。また、アルミニウムの表面にある酸化アルミニウムに比較して熱伝導性の高い炭素が含有された炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂが設けられているので、アルミニウムに比較して熱伝導性の低いシリカ粒子やフッ素粒子を設ける一般的な撥水処理や親水処理に比較して、フィン１１２の主要材料であるアルミニウムの熱交換効率を阻害しない。
　図４及び図８に示す本発明の熱交換器を構成するフィン１１２（接触角：１３０°、滑落角３０°）と、図９に示す比較用フィン（接触角：１３０°、滑落角２９°）を共に冷却器上に設置して、結露の発生を比較する結露試験を実施した。この比較用フィンは、本発明と作製条件が異なり、微細な凹凸（Ｒａ：０．１μｍ）があるものの、本発明の凹凸に対して、凹凸形状の凸部の頂点の平均間隔が１．０μｍと広い微細凹凸が形成されている。
　図７に冷却開始後６０分後における各フィンの結露状態を示す写真を示す。図７より明らかなように本発明のフィン１１２は、少なくとも結露水の発生はみられず、比較用フィンにおいては、結露水の付着が発生した。また、図示しないが親水コートや撥水コートを施したフィンも、比較用フィンと同様結露水の付着が確認された。
　また、結露試験時に放射温度計にて各フィンの表面温度を測定したところ、本発明のフィン１１２のみが、通常のアルミニウムフィンより２～３℃低下することが確認され、優れた熱交換性を示すことが確認された。
　なお、本実施例では、表面に微細凹凸１１２Ｃを有する炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂを形成するために、上記条件での湿式での電解処理を用いたが、これに限られるものではなく、他の条件や他の処理法（カーボンナノチューブを含有した金属酸化物ターゲットを用いたスパッタやゾルゲル法等）により、形成しても良い。ただし、湿式での電解処理は、他の処理法よりコストの点で優れる。
　このように、本発明のフィン１１２は、従来の親水コートやフッ素樹脂コート、又は従来の凹凸形成による撥水処理に比較して、結露を防止でき、熱交換器の熱交換率を改善できるという効果を奏する。
　また、本発明の実施形態１は、フィン１１２に限られるものではなく、例えば、銅製のラジエーター用冷却水配管や、パワーデバイスを冷却するための水冷ジャケット構成する部材であっても良く、いずれの場合も、フィン１１２と同様の効果を奏する。また、炭素含有酸化膜１１２Ｂは部材の耐食性を向上させるという効果も奏する。
　また、上記フィン１１２等の部材で構成される熱交換器は、フィン１１２と同様の効果を奏する。
　さらに、フィン１１２等の部材で構成された熱交換器が設けられている空気調和機や冷蔵庫も、フィン１１２と同様の効果を奏することは明らかであるので、結果的に消費電力が低減できるという効果を奏する。
　本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。さらに、各実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を組み合わせることにより、新しい技術的特徴を形成することができる。
　本発明は、結露防止性、着霜防止性、耐食性が必要とされる熱交換器用部材に利用することができる。
１００…空気調和機の室内機
１１２…フィン
１１２Ｂ…炭素含有酸化膜（金属酸化膜）
１１２Ｃ…微細凹凸
３００…処理槽
４００…電気回路

Claims (7)

  1. 　金属からなる熱交換器用部材であって、
    　前記該金属表面に凹凸が設けられた炭素が含有された金属酸化膜を有し、
    　前記凹凸の凸部の頂点の平均間隔が４０ｎｍ以上１２０ｎｍ以下で、かつ隣接する凸部の頂点及び凹部の底点の高さの差の平均値が３０ｎｍ以上２５０ｎｍ以下であることを特徴とする熱交換器用部材。
  2. 　前記金属酸化膜の表面から３～５ｎｍの範囲に含有されている炭素の含有比率が２０ａｔ％以上４０ａｔ％以下あることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の熱交換器用部材。
  3. 　上記金属酸化膜の厚さが１００ｎｍ以上３００ｎｍ以下であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の熱交換器用部材。
  4. 　請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載の熱交換器用部材からなる熱交換フィンが設けられていることを特徴とする熱交換器。
  5. 　請求項４の熱交換器が設けられていることを特徴とする空気調和機用室内機。
  6. 　請求項４の熱交換器が設けられていることを特徴とする空気調和機用室外機。
  7. 　請求項４に記載の熱交換機が設けられていることを特徴とする冷蔵庫。
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