WO2021052411A1 - 前车身结构及汽车 - Google Patents

前车身结构及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021052411A1
WO2021052411A1 PCT/CN2020/115868 CN2020115868W WO2021052411A1 WO 2021052411 A1 WO2021052411 A1 WO 2021052411A1 CN 2020115868 W CN2020115868 W CN 2020115868W WO 2021052411 A1 WO2021052411 A1 WO 2021052411A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
longitudinal beam
front wall
vehicle body
body structure
rear edge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115868
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王长一
李伟伟
韩二红
黄创举
安静
段蕊
苗可心
邵贝
梅立胜
杨光南
李浩轩
柳彦岗
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority to EP20866336.9A priority Critical patent/EP4011751B1/en
Publication of WO2021052411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021052411A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B62D25/14—Dashboards as superstructure sub-units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
    • B62D21/152—Front or rear frames
    • B62D21/155—Sub-frames or underguards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B62D25/14—Dashboards as superstructure sub-units
    • B62D25/145—Dashboards as superstructure sub-units having a crossbeam incorporated therein
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • B62D25/2009—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits
    • B62D25/2018—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits the subunits being front structures

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile body structure, and more specifically, relates to a front body structure and an automobile.
  • the connection between the bottom of the front panel and the front floor is the weakest.
  • Traditional fuel vehicles generally add floor rails through the front and rear floors in the middle of the bottom of the vehicle body to enhance the force transmission capacity.
  • the new energy vehicle (electric vehicle) needs a battery at the bottom and cannot realize the similar design mentioned above. Therefore, the new energy vehicle has insufficient force transmission capacity, which leads to the risk of serious deformation of the passenger compartment during a frontal collision.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a front body structure, which aims to solve the technical problem that the front body structure of the existing new energy vehicle has insufficient force transmission capacity, which causes the passenger compartment to be easily deformed and severely caused by a frontal collision.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a front vehicle body structure, including: a front longitudinal beam, a front wall, a front floor, and a side longitudinal beam connected to the front floor; wherein,
  • the front wall is used to separate the vehicle compartment and the engine room, and the lower end of the front wall is provided with a rear edge extending to the rear of the vehicle body and connected with the front floor;
  • the front longitudinal beam includes a longitudinal beam front section and a longitudinal beam rear section connected to the longitudinal beam front section; the longitudinal beam front section extends in the front-to-rear direction of the vehicle body, and the longitudinal beam front section is arranged on the front side of the front wall panel. Connected with the front wall; the rear section of the longitudinal beam extends in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body and at least extends to the lower side of the rear edge, and the rear section of the longitudinal beam is connected with the lower panel of the rear edge;
  • the side rails are arranged on one side of the front floor in the width direction of the vehicle body, and are respectively connected with the front wall and the rear section of the side rails so that the side rails, the front wall and the The rear section of the longitudinal beam forms a force-transmitting closed-loop structure.
  • the front body structure further includes a front wall cross member, the front wall cross member extends in the width direction of the vehicle body and is connected to the front wall panel, and the front wall cross member includes a cross beam top plate and two cross beams A bottom plate and two vertical beams for connecting the top plate of the cross beam and the bottom plate of each of the cross beams; the two bottom plates of the cross beam are connected to the front wall by overlap.
  • the front wall crossbeam is located on the front side of the front wall, and the front section of the longitudinal beam is also connected to the front wall crossbeam.
  • the front vehicle body structure further includes a middle channel protruding upward and extending in the front and rear direction of the vehicle body, and the middle channel is provided with an upper board surface and the front floor respectively corresponding to the rear edge portion.
  • the upper plate surface laps the connected middle channel lap joints.
  • the front body structure further includes a first reinforcing member arranged on the middle passage and connected to the middle passage, and the first reinforcing member is also provided with the front wall
  • the first lap portion connected by the board overlap; the projection area of the first lap portion projected on the front wall overlaps or partially overlaps with the projection area of the cross beam bottom plate projected on the front wall .
  • the front body structure further includes a second reinforcement for connecting the rear section of the longitudinal beam and the side longitudinal beam, and the second reinforcement is located on the lower side of the rear edge portion and It is connected with the lower board surface of the rear edge portion.
  • the second reinforcement includes a first sub-board extending in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body and a second sub-board extending in the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the first sub-board and the second sub-board are respectively connected with the lower surface of the rear edge portion, and the second sub-board is used to connect the rear section of the longitudinal beam and the side longitudinal beam.
  • the first sub-board is provided with a second lap joint connected to the lower plate surface of the rear edge portion, and the middle channel lap joint portion is projected on the rear edge portion
  • the upper projection area and the projection area projected by the second overlapping portion on the rear edge portion overlap or partially overlap.
  • the first sub-board is provided with a third lap joint connected to the lower board surface of the front floor, and the middle channel lap joint is projected on the front floor.
  • the projection area and the projection area projected on the front floor by the third overlapping portion overlap or partially overlap.
  • the front body structure further includes a front wall support plate, and the side longitudinal beams are connected to the front wall through the front wall support plate.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile including the above-mentioned front body structure.
  • the front body structure provided by the present invention is connected with the side longitudinal beams through the longitudinal beam rear section of the front longitudinal beam and the front wall panel respectively, so that the side longitudinal beams, the front wall panel and the longitudinal beam rear section are formed
  • the force transmission closed-loop structure disperses and transmits the collision force of the front longitudinal beams to the side longitudinal beams, which effectively improves the force transmission effect of the vehicle body, reduces the force on the connection between the rear edge and the front floor, and improves the structural reliability of the vehicle body.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows one of the schematic diagrams of the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the second schematic diagram of the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the third schematic diagram of the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention (under vehicle perspective);
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows the fourth schematic diagram of the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention (from the perspective of the roof);
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of Fig. 4 after the front wall and the front floor are removed;
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows the coordination diagram of the front wall, the middle channel and the first reinforcement in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows a cross-sectional view at A in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows a cross-sectional view at B in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a cross-sectional view at C in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 10 schematically shows an enlarged view at D in Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows an enlarged view at E in Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows an enlarged view at F in FIG. 9.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In addition, the meaning of “plurality” and “several” means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • Figures 1 to 6 relate to the front body structure provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the positive direction of X corresponds to the X direction of the entire vehicle
  • the positive direction of Y corresponds to the Y direction of the entire vehicle
  • the positive direction of Z corresponds to The Z direction of the vehicle
  • the X direction of the vehicle is the direction in front of the driver sitting in the vehicle
  • the Y direction of the vehicle is the direction to the left of the driver sitting in the vehicle
  • the Z direction of the vehicle is driving in the vehicle.
  • the upper direction of the member is defined that the positive direction of X corresponds to the X direction of the entire vehicle
  • the positive direction of Y corresponds to the Y direction of the entire vehicle
  • the positive direction of Z corresponds to The Z direction of the vehicle
  • the X direction of the vehicle is the direction in front of the driver sitting in the vehicle
  • the Y direction of the vehicle is the direction to the left of the driver sitting in the vehicle
  • the Z direction of the vehicle is driving in the vehicle.
  • the front body structure includes a front longitudinal beam 100, a front wall 200, a front floor 300, and a side longitudinal beam 400 connected to the front floor 300. As shown in FIG.
  • the front wall 200 is used to separate the vehicle compartment and the engine room.
  • the lower end of the front wall 200 is provided with a rear edge 210 extending to the rear of the vehicle body (ie, the negative X direction of the vehicle), and a rear edge 210 extending rearwardly and
  • the front floor 300 provided behind the dash panel 200 is connected to each other.
  • the front longitudinal beam 100 includes a longitudinal beam front section 110 and a longitudinal beam rear section 120 connected to the longitudinal beam front section 110.
  • the front side member 110 extends in the front-to-rear direction of the vehicle body, and the front side member 110 is arranged on the front side of the front panel 200 (that is, in the X direction of the entire vehicle) and is connected to the front panel 200.
  • the longitudinal beam rear section 120 also extends in the front-to-rear direction of the vehicle body and at least extends to the lower side of the rear edge portion 210.
  • the longitudinal beam rear section 120 is connected to the lower plate surface of the rear edge portion 210. It should be understood here that the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam does not necessarily extend to the lower side of the rear edge portion 210 and no longer extends. It may also continue to extend to the lower side of the front floor 300 and may be connected to the lower side of the rear edge portion 210.
  • the boards are connected.
  • the side longitudinal beam 400 is arranged on the side of the front floor 300 along the width direction of the vehicle body (that is, the Y-direction or negative Y-direction of the whole vehicle).
  • the side longitudinal beam 400 is respectively connected to the front wall 100 and the rear longitudinal beam 120, so that the side The longitudinal beam 400, the front wall 100 and the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam form a force-transmitting closed-loop structure.
  • the side rail 400 is connected to the front wall 100, which means that the side rail 400 may be directly connected to the front wall 100, or may be indirectly connected by means of a certain component; in the same way, the side rail 400 Connecting to the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam means that the side longitudinal beam 400 may be directly connected to the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam, or may be indirectly connected by means of a certain component.
  • the collision force of the front side member 100 can be distributed and transmitted through the front wall 100 (the front section of the side member 110) and the rear section of the side member 120, and then the front wall 200 and the rear section of the side member 120 transmit the force to the side rails. 400.
  • the force transmission effect of the front part of the vehicle body can be effectively improved, and on the other hand, the structural reliability of the vehicle body can be improved.
  • the front side member 100 is subjected to a force along the front and rear directions of the vehicle body;
  • one of the force transmission channels is: the front section of the side member 110 transmits the force to the front wall 200, and the front wall 200 transmits the force To the side longitudinal beam 400 (on the other hand, the rear edge 210 will transmit part of the force to the front floor 300);
  • another force transmission channel is: the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam also transmits the force to the side longitudinal beam 400, so
  • the extension length of the rear section 120 of the side member can be set to be short (not penetrate the front and rear floors), or not to be set in the middle of the vehicle body, so as not to occupy too much space on the underside of the vehicle body. Leave enough space for the batteries of new energy vehicles.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the longitudinal beam rear section of the front longitudinal beam and the front wall panel respectively connected with the side longitudinal beams, so that the side longitudinal beams, the front wall panels and the rear side beams
  • the section forms a force-transmitting closed-loop structure, which disperses and transmits the collision force of the front longitudinal beams to the side longitudinal beams, effectively improves the force transmission effect of the vehicle body, reduces the force on the connection between the rear edge and the front floor, and improves the structural reliability of the vehicle body.
  • the installation height of the front section 110 of the longitudinal beam is higher than the installation height of the front floor 300 to ensure the transmission of the force between the front section 110 of the longitudinal beam and the front wall 200
  • the channel better transmits the force, and minimizes the force on the connection between the front floor 300 and the rear edge 210.
  • front longitudinal beams 100 and two side longitudinal beams 400 respectively.
  • the front longitudinal beams 100 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the longitudinal beams 400 are respectively arranged on both sides of the front floor 300 along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the front longitudinal beams 100 and the side longitudinal beams 400 correspond one-to-one, and the front longitudinal beams 100 and the corresponding side longitudinal beams 400 form a force transmission channel.
  • front body structure there are also two front floors 300, the two front floors are connected to 300, and respectively correspond to the front section 110 of the longitudinal beam, side The longitudinal beam 400 and the rear edge 210 are connected.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a front wall beam 500, the front wall beam 500 along the width direction of the vehicle body Extend and connect with the front wall 200.
  • the front wall crossbeam 500 includes a crossbeam top plate 510, two crossbeam bottom plates 520, and two crossbeam vertical plates 530 for connecting the crossbeam top plate 510 and each crossbeam bottom plate 520, respectively.
  • the front wall cross beam 500 is a structure similar to the "ji" or " ⁇ " type.
  • the front wall cross beam 500 and the front wall 200 form a closed section structure, which can greatly increase the rigidity of the front wall 200, especially the front wall.
  • the lateral rigidity of the wall 200 also increases the torsional rigidity of the front wall 200.
  • the two cross-beam bottom plates 520 are respectively connected to the front wall 200 by overlap.
  • the front wall cross member 500 is located on the front side of the front wall 200 of the body.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a front wall cross member reinforcement plate 540 arranged inside the front wall cross member 500, and the front wall cross member is reinforced
  • the board 540 is connected to the front wall cross beam 500 to further strengthen the rigidity of the front wall cross beam 500 and the front wall 200.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention also includes a front body structure that protrudes upward and extends in the front and rear direction of the vehicle body.
  • the middle channel 600 can increase the longitudinal rigidity of the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300 (that is, the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body) on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also provide a certain accommodation space for the underbody of the vehicle body.
  • the middle passage 600 is provided at the upper part of the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300, and approximately at the middle part of the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300.
  • the middle channel 600 has an upwardly protruding structure, and the middle channel 600 is further provided with a middle channel lap portion 610 that is connected to the upper plate surface of the rear edge portion 210 and the upper plate surface of the front floor 300 respectively.
  • the middle channel 600 is a stamped plate with an upwardly protruding structure
  • the middle channel overlap portion 610 is a flanging structure
  • the rear edge 210 and/or the front floor 300 are provided with a gap corresponding to the middle channel 600, so that the middle channel 600 forms an accommodation space.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes the front body structure provided on the middle passage 600 and connected to the middle passage 600
  • the structure of the first reinforcing member 620 is not limited, and the main structure of the first reinforcing member 620 may be a structure that can strengthen the rigidity of the middle channel 600, such as a rectangular steel, a plate body, a channel steel, or an angle steel.
  • the first reinforcing member 620 is also connected to the front wall 200, and the first reinforcing member 620 is provided with a first lap portion 621 that is overlapped and connected to the front wall 200.
  • the projection area of the first overlap portion 621 projected on the front wall 200 and the projection area of the cross beam bottom plate 520 projected on the front wall 200 overlap or partially overlap, that is to say, the first overlap portion 621 and the cross beam bottom plate 520 respectively It is located on both sides of the front wall 200, but the overlap area of the first overlap portion 621 on the front wall 200 and the overlap area of the cross member bottom plate 520 on the front wall 200 are correspondingly overlapped or partially overlapped, as described above While the structure increases the torsional stiffness and bending strength of the body, it can transmit the collision force to the rear of the vehicle more efficiently, restrain the deformation of the cab, and ensure the living space of passengers.
  • the first reinforcement 620 is a stamped plate with an upwardly protruding structure
  • the first lap portion 621 is a flanged structure on the plate.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a second side member for connecting the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam and the side longitudinal member 400.
  • the reinforcement member 700 that is, the rear section of the longitudinal beam 120 and the side longitudinal beam 400 are not directly connected, but are connected by the second reinforcement member 700.
  • the rear section of the longitudinal beam 120 transmits the force to the second reinforcement member 700, and the second reinforcement The piece 700 then transmits the force to the side longitudinal beam 400.
  • the structure of the second reinforcement member 700 is not limited, and may be a reinforcement structure such as a plate structure or a beam structure, which is located on the lower side of the rear edge portion 210 and is connected to the lower plate surface of the rear edge portion 210.
  • the rear section of the longitudinal beam 120 and the side longitudinal beam 400 can be respectively constructed as a linear structure almost parallel to the X direction of the whole vehicle.
  • the addition of a second reinforcement member 700 facilitates the connection and connection between the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam and the side longitudinal beam 400. Transfer force.
  • the second reinforcement member 700 includes a first sub-board 710 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body and a second sub-board extending in the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the first sub-board 710 is connected to the second sub-board 720.
  • the first sub-board 710 and the second sub-board 720 are also connected to the lower surface of the rear edge 210 respectively.
  • the second sub-board 720 is used to connect the longitudinal The beam rear section 120 and the side longitudinal beam 400.
  • the second reinforcing member 700 has an L-shaped structure, and the connection of the first sub-board 710 with the lower surface of the rear edge 210 also helps to share the force borne by the rear edge 210, reducing the connection between the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300 The force of the place.
  • the second sub-board 720 is vertically arranged and connected to the rear section 120 of the longitudinal beam and the side longitudinal beam 400, respectively.
  • the end of the second sub-board 720 is directly connected to the side longitudinal beam 400.
  • each second reinforcement member 700 is connected to the side longitudinal beams 400 and the rear longitudinal beams respectively.
  • Segment 120 has a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first sub-board 710 is provided with a second lap joint connected to the lower plate surface of the rear edge portion 210. ⁇ 711.
  • the projection area projected on the rear edge portion 210 by the middle channel overlap portion 610 and the projection area projected on the rear edge portion 210 by the second overlap portion 711 overlap or partially overlap, that is, the middle channel overlap portion 610 and the second overlap portion 711 overlap the projection area on the rear edge portion 210.
  • the two overlapping portions 711 are respectively located on both sides of the rear edge portion 210, but the overlapping area of the middle channel overlapping portion 610 on the rear edge portion 210 and the overlapping area of the second overlapping portion 711 on the rear edge portion 210 Corresponding to overlap or there is partial overlap, so the above structure can increase the torsional rigidity and bending strength of the vehicle body, but also increase the rigidity of the connection between the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300, improve the structural strength, increase the force transmission path, and improve the collision force transmission effectiveness.
  • the first sub-board 710 is provided with a third lap joint connected to the lower surface of the front floor 300 712.
  • the projection area projected on the front floor 300 by the middle channel overlap portion 610 and the projection area projected on the front floor 300 by the third overlap portion 712 overlap or partially overlap, that is to say, the middle channel overlap portion 610 and the third overlap portion 712 overlap with each other.
  • the joints 712 are respectively located on both sides of the front floor 300.
  • the overlapping area of the middle channel overlapping portion 610 on the front floor 300 and the overlapping area of the third overlapping portion 712 on the front floor 300 are correspondingly overlapped or partially present.
  • the above structure can increase the torsional rigidity and bending strength of the vehicle body, and can also increase the rigidity of the connecting part of the rear edge 210 and the front floor 300, improve the structural strength, increase the force transmission path, and improve the collision force transmission efficiency.
  • the second overlapping portion 711 and the third overlapping portion 712 may be different parts of the same flange on the first sub-board 710, or may be the first sub-board 710. Different flanges of plate 710.
  • the front body structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a front wall support plate 800, and the side rails 400 are supported by the front wall
  • the board 800 is connected to the front wall 100. Due to design reasons, there may be a gap between the front wall 100 and the side rail 400, so the front wall support plate 800 is designed as an intermediary to connect the front wall 100 and the side rail 400 and as an intermediary to transfer the front wall 100 and the side rails. The force between the stringers 400.
  • each front wall support plate 800 corresponds to each side longitudinal beam 400 one by one. , To connect the corresponding side rail 400 and the front wall 200.
  • the present invention also provides an automobile, including the front body structure in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the automobile provided by the embodiment of the present invention is connected with the side longitudinal beam by setting the rear longitudinal beam and the front wall panel of the front longitudinal beam, so that the side longitudinal beam, the front wall and the rear longitudinal beam are formed
  • the force transmission closed-loop structure disperses and transmits the collision force of the front longitudinal beams to the side longitudinal beams, which effectively improves the force transmission effect of the vehicle body, reduces the force on the connection between the rear edge and the front floor, and improves the structural reliability of the vehicle body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种前车身结构，包括前纵梁（100）、前围板（200）、前地板（300）及边纵梁（400）。前围板（200）的下端设有与前地板（300）相连的后缘部（210）；前纵梁（100）包括纵梁前段（110）及纵梁后段（120）；纵梁前段（110）设置于前围板（200）的前侧并与前围板（200）相连；纵梁后段（120）沿车身前后方向延伸并至少延伸至后缘部（210）的下侧；边纵梁（400）分别与前围板（200）和纵梁后段（120）相连以使边纵梁（400）、前围板（200）和纵梁后段（120）形成传力闭环结构。前车身结构通过设置前纵梁（100）的纵梁后段（120）和前围板（200）分别与边纵梁（400）相连，使边纵梁（400）、前围板（200）和纵梁后段（120）形成传力闭环结构，将前纵梁（100）的碰撞力分散传递给边纵梁（400），有效提升车身的传力效果，减少后缘部（210）与前地板（300）连接处的受力，提高车身的结构可靠性。还公开一种汽车，包括前车身结构。

Description

前车身结构及汽车
本申请要求在2019年09月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910886535.6、发明名称为“前车身结构及汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于汽车车身结构技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种前车身结构及汽车。
背景技术
汽车在发生正碰时，发动机舱会发生压溃变形，从而导致车身前围板向后变形压缩乘员舱，这会对乘员安全造成严重威胁，故而前围板自身强度及其力传递能力极其重要。
在前车身结构中，前围板底部与前地板连接段最为薄弱。传统燃油车型，一般在车身底部的中间部位增加贯穿前后地板的地板纵梁，以提升力传递能力。而新能源车型(电动汽车)因底部需要布置电池，无法实现上述的类似设计，因此新能源汽车存在力传递能力不足，导致乘员舱在发生正碰时变形严重的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种前车身结构，旨在解决现有新能源汽车的前车身结构存在的力传递能力不足而导致乘员舱在发生正碰时容易变形严重的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是，提供一种前车身结构，包括：前纵梁、前围板、前地板以及与所述前地板相连的边纵梁；其中，
所述前围板，用于分隔车室和发动机室，所述前围板的下端设有向车身后方延伸并与所述前地板相连的后缘部；
所述前纵梁包括纵梁前段以及与所述纵梁前段相连的纵梁后段；所述纵梁前段沿车身前后方向延伸，所述纵梁前段设置于所述前围板的前侧并与所述前围板相连；所述纵梁后段沿车身前后方向延伸并至少延伸至所述后缘部 的下侧，所述纵梁后段与所述后缘部的下板面相连；
所述边纵梁，设置于所述前地板沿车身宽度方向的一侧，分别与所述前围板和所述纵梁后段相连以使所述边纵梁、所述前围板和所述纵梁后段形成传力闭环结构。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前车身结构还包括前围横梁，所述前围横梁沿车身宽度方向延伸并与所述前围板相连，所述前围横梁包括横梁顶板、两个横梁底板以及两个分别用于连接所述横梁顶板和各所述横梁底板的横梁立板；两所述横梁底板分别与所述前围板搭接相连。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前围横梁位于所述前围板的前侧，所述纵梁前段还与所述前围横梁相连。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前车身结构还包括向上凸出并沿车身前后方向延伸的中通道，所述中通道设有分别与所述后缘部的上板面和所述前地板的上板面搭接相连的中通道搭接部。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前车身结构还包括设置于所述中通道之上并与所述中通道相连的第一加强件，所述第一加强件还设有与所述前围板搭接相连的第一搭接部；所述第一搭接部投射于所述前围板上的投影区域和所述横梁底板投射于所述前围板上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前车身结构还包括用于连接所述纵梁后段和所述边纵梁的第二加强件，所述第二加强件位于所述后缘部下侧并与所述后缘部的下板面相连。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述第二加强件包括沿车身前后方向延伸的第一子板以及沿车身宽度方向延伸的第二子板，所述第一子板与所述第二子板相连，所述第一子板和所述第二子板分别与所述后缘部的下板面相连，所述第二子板用于连接所述纵梁后段和所述边纵梁。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述第一子板设有与所述后缘部的下板面搭接相连的第二搭接部，所述中通道搭接部投射于所述后缘部上的投影区域和所述第二搭接部投射于所述后缘部上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述第一子板设有与所述前地板的下板面搭接相连的第三搭接部，所述中通道搭接部投射于所述前地板上的投影区域和所述第三搭接部投射于所述前地板上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
作为本申请另一实施例，所述前车身结构还包括前围板支撑板，所述边纵梁通过所述前围板支撑板与所述前围板相连。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种汽车，包括上述的前车身结构。
本发明提供的前车身结构，与现有技术相比，通过设置前纵梁的纵梁后段和前围板分别与边纵梁相连，使边纵梁、前围板和纵梁后段形成传力闭环结构，将前纵梁的碰撞力分散传递给边纵梁，有效提升车身的传力效果，减少后缘部与前地板连接处的受力，提高车身的结构可靠性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示意性地示出了本发明实施例提供的前车身结构的示意图之一；
图2示意性地示出了本发明实施例提供的前车身结构的示意图之二；
图3示意性地示出了本发明实施例提供的前车身结构的示意图之三(车底视角)；
图4示意性地示出了本发明实施例提供的前车身结构的示意图之四(车顶视角)；
图5示意性地示出了图4中去除前围板和前地板后的示意图；
图6示意性地示出了图2中前围板、中通道与第一加强件的配合示意图；
图7示意性地示出了图4中A处的剖视图；
图8示意性地示出了图4中B处的剖视图；
图9示意性地示出了图4中C处的剖视图；
图10示意性地示出了图7中D处的放大图；
图11示意性地示出了图8中E处的放大图；
图12示意性地示出了图9中F处的放大图。
图中：100、前纵梁；110、纵梁前段；120、纵梁后段；200、前围板；210、后缘部；300、前地板；400、边纵梁；500、前围横梁；510、横梁顶板；520、横梁底板；530、横梁立板；540、前围横梁加强板；600、 中通道；610、中通道搭接部；620、第一加强件；621、第一搭接部；700、第二加强件；710、第一子板；711、第二搭接部；712、第三搭接部；720、第二子板；800、前围板支撑板。
具体实施例
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“高度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“头”、“尾”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”、“设置”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。此外，“多个”、“若干”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
图1至图6涉及本发明实施例提供的前车身结构，为了便于说明，图中定义X的正方向对应整车的X向，Y的正方向对应整车的Y向，Z的正方向对应整车的Z向，整车的X向即坐在车中驾驶员的前方方向，整车的Y向即坐在车中驾驶员的左侧方向，整车的Z向即坐在车中驾驶员的上方方向。
请参见图1至图5，现对本发明提供的前车身结构的实施例进行说明。所述的前车身结构，包括前纵梁100、前围板200、前地板300以及与前地 板300相连的边纵梁400。
其中，前围板200用于分隔车室和发动机室，前围板200的下端设有向车身后方(即整车负X向)延伸的后缘部210，向后延伸的后缘部210与设置在前围板200车身后方的前地板300相连。
前纵梁100包括纵梁前段110和与纵梁前段110相连的纵梁后段120。纵梁前段110沿车身前后方向延伸，纵梁前段110设置于前围板200的前侧(即整车的X向)并与前围板200相连。纵梁后段120同样沿车身前后方向延伸，并且至少延伸至后缘部210的下侧，纵梁后段120与后缘部210的下板面相连。这里应该理解的是纵梁后段120并不一定只延伸到后缘部210的下侧就不再延伸，其还可能继续延伸至前地板300的下侧，并且可能与后缘部210的下板面相连。
边纵梁400，设置于前地板300沿车身宽度方向(即整车的Y向或负Y向)的一侧，边纵梁400分别与前围板100和纵梁后段120相连，这样边纵梁400、前围板100和纵梁后段120形成传力闭环结构。这里应该注意的是，边纵梁400与前围板100相连的意思是边纵梁400可能与前围板100直接相连，也可能是借助某个部件而间接相连；同理，边纵梁400与纵梁后段120相连的意思是边纵梁400可能与纵梁后段120直接相连，也可能是借助某个部件而间接相连。这样，前纵梁100的碰撞力可以分别通过前围板100(纵梁前段110)和纵梁后段120分散传递，然后前围板200和纵梁后段120再将力传递给边纵梁400，如此，可以有效提升车身前部的传力效果，另一方面可以提升车身的结构可靠性。
具体在汽车发生正面碰撞时，前纵梁100受沿车身前后方向的作用力；其中一个传力通道是：纵梁前段110将作用力传递给前围板200，前围板200将作用力传递给边纵梁400(另一方面后缘部210会将部分作用力传递给前地板300)；同时，另一个传力通道是：纵梁后段120将作用力也传递给边纵梁400，这样无需像现有技术中设置地板纵梁，就形成了传力闭环结构，使前纵梁100的很大一部分受力传递到边纵梁400，大大减少薄弱的后缘部210与前地板300连接处的受力。
此外，在上述的结构中，纵梁后段120的延伸长度可以设置较短(不贯穿前后地板)，也可以不设置在车身的中间位置，这样也就不占用过多的车身底侧空间，给新能源汽车的电池留足空间。
本发明实施例提供的前车身结构，与现有技术相比，通过设置前纵梁 的纵梁后段和前围板分别与边纵梁相连，使边纵梁、前围板和纵梁后段形成传力闭环结构，将前纵梁的碰撞力分散传递给边纵梁，有效提升车身的传力效果，减少后缘部与前地板连接处的受力，提高车身的结构可靠性。
请参见图1，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，纵梁前段110的设置高度要高于前地板300的设置高度，以保证纵梁前段110和前围板200传力通道地更好传力，尽量减少前地板300和后缘部210连接处的受力。
请参见图1至图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，前纵梁100和边纵梁400各自设有两个，前纵梁100沿车身宽度方向间隔设置，两边纵梁400分别设置于前地板300沿车身宽度方向的两侧，前纵梁100和边纵梁400一一对应，前纵梁100与对应的边纵梁400形成传力通道。
请参见图1至图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，前地板300也设有两个，两前地板相连300，并且分别与各自对应的纵梁前段110、边纵梁400、后缘部210相连。
请参见图1、图4和图7，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括前围横梁500，前围横梁500沿车身宽度方向延伸并与前围板200相连。
前围横梁500包括横梁顶板510、两个横梁底板520以及两个分别用于连接横梁顶板510和各横梁底板520的横梁立板530。这样，前围横梁500就是一个类似“几”型或者“Ω”型的结构，前围横梁500与前围板200形成闭合断面结构，其可以大幅提高前围板200的刚度，尤其是提高前围板200的横向刚度，同时提升前围板200的扭转刚度。两横梁底板520分别与前围板200搭接相连。
请参见图1、图4和图7，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，前围横梁500位于前围板200的车身前侧。
请参见图1，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，纵梁前段110除了与前围板200相连外，还与前围横梁500相连，这样前围横梁500刚度大，其也承担了部分纵梁前段110的作用力，减少前围板200承担的纵梁前段110的直接作用力，有效避免前围板200的轻易损坏。
请参见图7，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括设置于前围横梁500内部的前围横梁加强 板540，前围横梁加强板540与前围横梁500相连，用于进一步加强前围横梁500和前围板200刚度。
请参见图2至图6及图7至图12，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括向上凸出并沿车身前后方向延伸的中通道600，中通道600一方面可以提高后缘部210和前地板300的纵向(即车身前后方向)的刚度，另一方面还可以为车身底部提供一定容置空间。中通道600设置在后缘部210和前地板300上部，并大概设置在后缘部210和前地板300上的中间部位。
中通道600呈向上凸出的结构，中通道600还设有分别与后缘部210的上板面和前地板300的上板面搭接相连的中通道搭接部610。
作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，中通道600为具有向上凸出结构的冲压板体，中通道搭接部610为翻边结构。
作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，后缘部210和/或前地板300对应中通道600的位置会设置豁口，以便于中通道600形成容纳空间。
请参见图2及图4至图12，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括设置于中通道600之上并与中通道600相连的第一加强件620，第一加强件620结构不限，其主体结构可以是几形钢、板体、槽钢或者角钢等能够加强中通道600刚度的结构。
为了加强前围板200的刚度，第一加强件620还与前围板200相连，第一加强件620设有与前围板200搭接相连的第一搭接部621。第一搭接部621投射于前围板200上的投影区域和横梁底板520投射于前围板200上的投影区域相重合或部分重合，也就是说第一搭接部621和横梁底板520分别位于前围板200的两侧，但是，第一搭接部621在前围板200上的搭接区域与横梁底板520在前围板200上的搭接区域对应重合或存在部分重合，如此上述结构在增加车身扭转刚度、弯曲强度的同时，可以更高效的将碰撞受力传递至车辆后方，抑制驾驶室变形，保证乘客生存空间。
作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第一加强件620为具有向上凸出结构的冲压板体，第一搭接部621为板体上的翻边结构。
请参见图3和图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括用于连接纵梁后段120和边纵梁400的第二加强件700，即纵梁后段120和边纵梁400并不直接相连，而是 通过第二加强件700相连的，纵梁后段120将作用力传递给第二加强件700，第二加强件700再将作用力传递给边纵梁400。第二加强件700结构不限，可以是板体结构或者梁结构等加强结构，其位于后缘部210下侧并与后缘部210的下板面相连。纵梁后段120和边纵梁400可分别构造为几乎与整车的X向平行的直线型结构，增设一个第二加强件700有助于纵梁后段120和边纵梁400的连接和传递作用力。
请参见图3和图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第二加强件700包括沿车身前后方向延伸的第一子板710以及沿车身宽度方向延伸的第二子板720，第一子板710与第二子板720相连，第一子板710和第二子板720还分别与后缘部210的下板面相连，其中第二子板720用于连接纵梁后段120和边纵梁400。这样，第二加强件700为L型结构，第一子板710与后缘部210的下板面相连也有助于分担后缘部210承受的作用力，减少后缘部210与前地板300连接处的受力。
请参见图3和图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第二子板720分别与纵梁后段120和边纵梁400垂直设置且相连。第二子板720的端部与边纵梁400直接相连。
请参见图3和图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第二加强件700具有两个，各第二加强件700分别与各边纵梁400和各纵梁后段120一一对应。
请参见图4、图8和图11，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第一子板710设有与后缘部210的下板面搭接相连的第二搭接部711。中通道搭接部610投射于后缘部210上的投影区域和第二搭接部711投射于后缘部210上的投影区域相重合或部分重合，也就是说中通道搭接部610和第二搭接部711分别位于后缘部210的两侧，但是，中通道搭接部610在后缘部210上的搭接区域与第二搭接部711在后缘部210上的搭接区域对应重合或存在部分重合，如此上述结构在增加车身扭转刚度、弯曲强度的同时，还能够增加后缘部210与前地板300连接部位的刚度，提升结构强度，增加力传递路径，提升碰撞力传递效率。
请参见图4、图9和图12，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第一子板710设有与前地板300的下板面搭接相连的第三搭接部712。中通道搭接部610投射于前地板300上的投影区域和第三搭接部712投射于前地板300上的投影区域相重合或部分重合，也就是说中通道搭接部 610和第三搭接部712分别位于前地板300的两侧，但是，中通道搭接部610在前地板300上的搭接区域与第三搭接部712在前地板300上的搭接区域对应重合或存在部分重合，如此上述结构在增加车身扭转刚度、弯曲强度的同时，还能够增加后缘部210与前地板300连接部位的刚度，提升结构强度，增加力传递路径，提升碰撞力传递效率。
作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，第二搭接部711和第三搭接部712可以是第一子板710上同一个翻边的不同部分，也可以是第一子板710的不同翻边。
请参见图1至图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，本发明实施例提供的前车身结构还包括前围板支撑板800，边纵梁400通过前围板支撑板800与前围板100相连。因为设计原因，前围板100与边纵梁400之间可能设有间隙，因此设计前围板支撑板800作为中介连接前围板100与边纵梁400并作为中介传递前围板100与边纵梁400之间的作用力。
请参见图1至图5，作为本发明提供的前车身结构的一种具体实施方式，前围板支撑板800具有两个，各前围板支撑板800分别与各边纵梁400一一对应，以连接对应的边纵梁400和前围板200。
本发明还提供一种汽车，包括上述实施例中的前车身结构。
本发明实施例提供的汽车，与现有技术相比，通过设置前纵梁的纵梁后段和前围板分别与边纵梁相连，使边纵梁、前围板和纵梁后段形成传力闭环结构，将前纵梁的碰撞力分散传递给边纵梁，有效提升车身的传力效果，减少后缘部与前地板连接处的受力，提高车身的结构可靠性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 前车身结构，其特征在于，包括：前纵梁、前围板、前地板以及与所述前地板相连的边纵梁；其中，
    所述前围板，用于分隔车室和发动机室，所述前围板的下端设有向车身后方延伸并与所述前地板相连的后缘部；
    所述前纵梁包括纵梁前段以及与所述纵梁前段相连的纵梁后段；所述纵梁前段沿车身前后方向延伸，所述纵梁前段设置于所述前围板的前侧并与所述前围板相连；所述纵梁后段沿车身前后方向延伸并至少延伸至所述后缘部的下侧，所述纵梁后段与所述后缘部的下板面相连；
    所述边纵梁，设置于所述前地板沿车身宽度方向的一侧，分别与所述前围板和所述纵梁后段相连，以使所述边纵梁、所述前围板和所述纵梁后段形成传力闭环结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述前车身结构还包括前围横梁，所述前围横梁沿车身宽度方向延伸并与所述前围板相连，所述前围横梁包括横梁顶板、两个横梁底板以及两个分别用于连接所述横梁顶板和各所述横梁底板的横梁立板；两个所述横梁底板分别与所述前围板搭接相连。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述前围横梁位于所述前围板的前侧，所述纵梁前段还与所述前围横梁相连。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述前车身结构还包括向上凸出并沿车身前后方向延伸的中通道，所述中通道设有分别与所述后缘部的上板面和所述前地板的上板面搭接相连的中通道搭接部。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述前车身结构还包括设置于所述中通道之上并与所述中通道相连的第一加强件，所述第一加强件还设有与所述前围板搭接相连的第一搭接部；所述第一搭接部投射于所述前围板上的投影区域和所述横梁底板投射于所述前围板上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述前车身结构还包括用于连接所述纵梁后段和所述边纵梁的第二加强件，所述第二加强件位于所述后缘部下侧并与所述后缘部的下板面相连。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述第二加强件包括沿车身前后方向延伸的第一子板以及沿车身宽度方向延伸的第二子板，所 述第一子板与所述第二子板相连，所述第一子板和所述第二子板分别与所述后缘部的下板面相连，所述第二子板用于连接所述纵梁后段和所述边纵梁。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述第一子板设有与所述后缘部的下板面搭接相连的第二搭接部，所述中通道搭接部投射于所述后缘部上的投影区域和所述第二搭接部投射于所述后缘部上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的前车身结构，其特征在于，所述第一子板设有与所述前地板的下板面搭接相连的第三搭接部，所述中通道搭接部投射于所述前地板上的投影区域和所述第三搭接部投射于所述前地板上的投影区域相重合或部分重合。
  10. 汽车，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的前车身结构。
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