WO2021047494A1 - 顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021047494A1
WO2021047494A1 PCT/CN2020/113946 CN2020113946W WO2021047494A1 WO 2021047494 A1 WO2021047494 A1 WO 2021047494A1 CN 2020113946 W CN2020113946 W CN 2020113946W WO 2021047494 A1 WO2021047494 A1 WO 2021047494A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sealing
top cover
section
hole section
cover plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/113946
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈新祥
黄守君
苏华圣
郑于炼
李想
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20864096.1A priority Critical patent/EP3944405B1/en
Priority to FIEP20864096.1T priority patent/FI3944405T3/fi
Priority to ES20864096T priority patent/ES2967894T3/es
Priority to CN202080013259.3A priority patent/CN113412553A/zh
Priority to PL20864096.1T priority patent/PL3944405T3/pl
Publication of WO2021047494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021047494A1/zh
Priority to US17/505,753 priority patent/US20220045392A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H01M50/157—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/159—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to a top cover assembly, a secondary battery and an electrical device.
  • the secondary battery includes a top cover assembly, a casing and an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is contained in the casing.
  • the top cover assembly is installed on the top of the casing and is electrically connected to the electrode assembly so that the electric energy of the electrode assembly passes through the pole on the top cover assembly. Lead out to the outside of the shell.
  • Mounting holes are provided on the top cover plate. Normally, the pole is sealed in the mounting hole through a sealing ring to ensure the tightness between the top cover plate and the pole.
  • a sealing ring to ensure the tightness between the top cover plate and the pole.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a top cover assembly, a secondary battery, and an electrical device to improve the convenience of installation of the sealing ring.
  • top cover assembly which includes:
  • the top cover plate is provided with a mounting hole, the mounting hole includes a sealed hole section; the pole is inserted into the mounting hole, the pole includes a sealed shaft section, the sealed shaft section is inserted into the sealed hole section, and the side wall of the sealed hole section is sealed
  • the side walls of the shaft section are all inclined with respect to the axis of the mounting hole; the sealing ring is arranged between the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section.
  • the side walls of the sealing hole section and the side walls of the sealing shaft section are both inclined with respect to the axis of the mounting hole, so that the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section are in a structure with a small top and a large bottom or a small top and bottom, so that when the pole is installed along the
  • the distance between the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section gradually decreases, and the sealing ring is squeezed in the direction perpendicular to the side wall until the sealing ring is installed in place. It is convenient to install, and can effectively avoid displacement or damage of the sealing ring during the installation of the pole.
  • the side walls of the sealing hole section and the side walls of the sealing shaft section are both inclined in a direction close to the axis of the mounting hole.
  • the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section have a small top and a large bottom.
  • the bottom end of the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section is the end with a larger diameter, and the top is the end with a smaller diameter.
  • the pole is inserted into the mounting hole from bottom to top. Inside, the pole is fixed on the top of the top cover plate to make the installation and fixation of the pole more convenient.
  • the angle at which the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section are inclined with respect to the axis of the mounting hole is 5° ⁇ 45°.
  • the inclined angle ⁇ is between 5° and 45°, which can facilitate the installation of the sealing ring , And can ensure the reliability of the sealing ring seal.
  • the distance between the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section is the same everywhere.
  • the distance between the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section in the radial direction of the mounting hole is the same, so that a uniform installation gap is formed between the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section.
  • the generatrix of the sealed hole section and the generatrix of the sealed shaft section are both straight lines, and the generatrix of the sealed hole section is parallel to the generatrix of the sealed shaft section.
  • the generatrix of the sealed hole section and the generatrix of the sealed shaft section are both straight lines. Accordingly, the sealed hole section is a truncated cone-shaped hole, and the sealed shaft section is a truncated cone-shaped shaft, which facilitates the sealing of the hole section and the sealed shaft section.
  • the processing improves the convenience of processing.
  • the sealing ring When the sealing ring is arranged between the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section, the sealing ring can be compressed uniformly to ensure the sealing effect of the sealing ring.
  • the top cover assembly provided in the present application further includes a first insulating member and a second insulating member, the first insulating member and the second insulating member are respectively located on both sides of the top cover plate; the first insulating member and the second insulating member Parts, the side walls of the sealing hole section and the side walls of the sealing shaft section form a sealed cavity, and the sealing ring is located in the sealed cavity.
  • first insulating member, the second insulating member, the side walls of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section form a sealed cavity, and the sealing ring is located in the sealed cavity.
  • the two ends of the axial direction limit the sealing ring to prevent the pole from being inserted into the mounting hole to squeeze the sealing ring.
  • the sealing ring slips off along the end of the sealing hole section, which affects the sealing ring and the sealing hole section, as well as the sealing ring and seal.
  • the effective contact area of the shaft section improves the reliability of the seal.
  • the thickness of the sealing ring is less than or equal to the thickness of the top cover plate.
  • the sealing ring can be fully compressed, the effective utilization rate of the sealing ring can be improved, the overall thickness of the top cover assembly can be reduced, and the energy of the secondary battery can be increased. density.
  • a gap is left at at least one corner of the sealing ring and the sealing cavity.
  • the gap can release the elastic restoring force of the sealing ring, thereby avoiding damage to the sealing ring under the action of excessive pressing force.
  • the first insulating member is disposed at the end of the mounting hole with a smaller diameter; the mounting hole further includes a limiting hole section, the limiting hole section is disposed at the end of the sealing hole section facing the first insulating member and communicates with the sealing hole. Hole section; the first insulating member is provided with a limiting protrusion, which is located between the limiting hole section and the pole.
  • an obtuse angle is formed between the inner wall of the sealing hole section and the inner wall of the limiting hole section, effectively preventing the edge of the sealing hole section from being damaged and the sealing ring being scratched.
  • the first insulating member is provided with a limiting protrusion, which is located between the limiting hole section and the pole.
  • the limiting protrusion forms a reliable positioning and insulation between the top cover and the pole. Prevent the pole from shaking or short circuit with the top cover plate; on the other hand, ensure that the sealing ring is completely contained in the sealing hole section to form a reliable seal
  • the top cover plate is made of insulating material. In this way, the top cover plate can be insulated from the pole pole to prevent the pole pole and the top cover plate from being short-circuited, and the safety is improved.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes any one of the top cover components provided in the present application.
  • the secondary battery in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned top cover assembly, correspondingly, it also has the advantage of the top cover assembly, that is, the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section are relative to the axis of the mounting hole.
  • the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section have a structure with a small upper part and a lower part, so that when the pole is inserted into the mounting hole along the axial direction of the mounting hole, the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side of the sealing shaft section The distance between the walls is gradually reduced, and the sealing ring is squeezed in the direction perpendicular to the side wall until the sealing ring is installed in place, which is convenient for installation and can effectively avoid displacement or damage of the sealing ring during the installation of the pole.
  • the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the secondary battery provided in the present application, and the secondary battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the electrical device in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned top cover assembly, correspondingly, it also has the advantage of the top cover assembly, that is, the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side wall of the sealing shaft section are relative to the axis of the mounting hole.
  • the sealing hole section and the sealing shaft section have a structure with a small upper part and a lower part, so that when the pole is inserted into the mounting hole along the axial direction of the mounting hole, the side wall of the sealing hole section and the side of the sealing shaft section The distance between the walls is gradually reduced, and the sealing ring is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the side wall until the sealing ring is installed in place, which is convenient for installation and can effectively avoid displacement or damage of the sealing ring during the installation of the pole.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a secondary battery provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a top cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a top cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial structural diagram of the top cover plate in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pole in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the top cover plate and the pole in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the top cover plate, the pole, the first insulating member and the second insulating member in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the first insulating member in FIG. 5.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise stipulated or stated
  • the term “multiple” refers to two or more; the terms “connected” and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • “connected” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the cross section of the sealing ring is L-shaped (hereinafter referred to as "L-shaped sealing ring"), and the upper half of the L-shaped sealing ring (ie, "L"-shaped The vertical arm part) extends into the mounting hole, the lower part (ie, the "L"-shaped bottom arm part) is located on one side of the thickness direction of the top cover plate, and the L-shaped sealing ring depends on the force of the secondary battery in the height direction Squeeze the lower part of the sealing ring to seal.
  • L-shaped sealing ring usually the cross section of the sealing ring is L-shaped (hereinafter referred to as "L-shaped sealing ring"), and the upper half of the L-shaped sealing ring (ie, "L"-shaped The vertical arm part) extends into the mounting hole, the lower part (ie, the "L"-shaped bottom arm part) is located on one side of the thickness direction of the top cover plate, and the L-shaped sealing ring depends on the force of the secondary battery in the height direction Squeeze
  • the lower half of the L-shaped sealing ring is located on one side of the top cover plate, which occupies the space in the height direction, resulting in a decrease in the energy density of the secondary battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes a top cover assembly 1, a casing 2 and an electrode assembly 3.
  • the housing 2 can be a hexahedron shape or other shapes, and the housing 2 forms a accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 3 and the electrolyte.
  • One end of the housing 2 is open so that the electrode assembly 3 can pass through the housing 2
  • the opening is placed in the accommodating cavity of the housing 2, and a plurality of electrode assemblies 3 can be arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the plurality of electrode assemblies 3 are stacked on each other.
  • the housing 2 may include a metal material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, etc., or an insulating material, such as plastic, etc.; when the housing 2 includes a metal material, an insulating film 4 may be provided in the housing 2.
  • the electrode assembly includes an electrode unit and tabs.
  • the tabs can be arranged at the two ends of the electrode unit or on the top of the electrode unit at intervals.
  • the electrode unit includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separation membrane. The separation membrane is located between the adjacent positive pole piece and the negative pole piece and is used to separate the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece are sequentially stacked and wound to form the electrode unit of the electrode assembly 3, that is, the electrode unit has a wound structure; in another possible In the design, the positive pole piece, the isolation film and the negative pole piece are sequentially stacked to form the electrode unit of the electrode assembly, and the electrode unit is a laminated structure. At the same time, the electrode unit has a gap after being formed, and the electrolyte can enter the electrode unit through the gap and infiltrate the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the positive electrode piece includes a positive electrode current collector (such as aluminum foil) and a positive electrode active material layer (such as a ternary material, lithium iron phosphate or lithium cobalt oxide) coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector
  • the negative electrode piece includes a negative electrode current collector (such as Copper foil) and a negative active material layer (such as graphite, carbon or silicon) coated on the surface of the negative current collector.
  • the tab is connected to the positive pole piece and extends from the electrode unit, and the tab can be directly cut from the positive current collector; on the negative pole of the electrode assembly 3, the tab and the negative pole
  • the pieces are connected and extend from the electrode unit, and the tabs can be directly formed by cutting the negative electrode current collector.
  • the top cover assembly 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a top cover plate 10, a pole 11 and a sealing ring 12.
  • the top cover plate 10 is fixed to the opening of the housing 2, the length direction of the top cover plate 10 is the X direction shown in FIG. 4, and the thickness direction of the top cover plate 10 is the Y direction shown in FIG. 4.
  • the top cover plate 10 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 17 and an explosion-proof valve patch 18 to seal the electrode assembly and electrolyte in the containing cavity of the housing 2.
  • the top cover plate 10 is also provided with a liquid injection hole 19 to inject the electrolyte into the housing Inside the accommodating cavity of the body 2.
  • the top cover plate 10 is provided with a mounting hole 100, and the mounting hole 100 penetrates the top cover plate 10 along the thickness direction (Y direction) of the top cover plate 10; the pole 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 100 and sealedly connected in the mounting hole 100,
  • the pole 11 can be riveted to the top cover plate 10 via a terminal plate 15; the pole 11 includes a positive pole and a negative pole, and the two poles 11 are electrically connected to the corresponding pole lugs through an adapter piece 16.
  • the adapter piece 16 includes a positive electrode adapter piece and a negative electrode adapter piece.
  • the mounting hole 100 includes a sealing hole section 100a
  • the pole 11 includes a sealing shaft section 110
  • the sealing shaft section 110 is inserted into the sealing hole section 100a
  • the side walls of the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 are opposite to the mounting hole
  • the axis of 100 is inclined, a gap is provided between the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110, and the sealing ring 12 is arranged between the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110, that is, the sealing ring 12 Set in the above-mentioned gap.
  • the sealing ring 12 is inserted into the mounting hole 100 along the larger diameter end of the mounting hole 100, and the smaller diameter end of the pole 11 is first inserted into the inner ring of the sealing ring 12, thereby positioning the sealing ring 12 in the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110; when the pole 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 100 along the axial direction of the mounting hole 100, the distance between the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110 gradually decreases. The direction perpendicular to the side wall squeezes the sealing ring 12 until the sealing ring 12 is installed in place, which is convenient for installation and can effectively avoid displacement or damage of the sealing ring 12 during the installation process of the pole 11.
  • the sealing ring 12 can be more squeezed and a reliable seal can be realized.
  • the side walls of the sealing hole section 100a and the side walls of the sealing shaft section 110 are inclined with respect to the axis of the mounting hole 100, which means that along the thickness direction of the top cover plate 10, the aperture size of the sealing hole section 100a gradually changes ,
  • the shaft diameter of the sealing shaft section 110 gradually changes, so that the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 both present a structure with a large end and a small end.
  • the aperture of the sealing hole section 100a and the shaft diameter of the sealing shaft section 110 can be linearly changed, so that the generatrices of the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 are both straight;
  • the aperture of the section 100a and the shaft diameter of the sealing shaft section 110 can also be changed non-linearly, so that the generatrix of the sealing hole section 100a and the generatrix of the sealing shaft section 110 are non-linear (such as a curve or a broken line).
  • the distance between the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110 is the same. That is to say, at any thickness position of the top cover plate 10, the distance between the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 along the radial direction of the mounting hole 100 is the same.
  • the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 are formed between Uniform installation clearance.
  • the sealing ring 12 is arranged between the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110. A uniform installation gap is formed between the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110, so that the sealing ring 12 can be compressed uniformly to ensure sealing effect.
  • the generatrix of the sealing hole section 100a and the generatrix of the sealing shaft section 110 are both straight lines, that is, the sealing hole section 100a is a truncated cone-shaped hole, and the sealing shaft section 110 It is a truncated cone-shaped shaft with simple structure and convenient processing; the generatrix of the sealing hole section 110a is parallel to the generatrix of the sealing shaft section 110, so that the sealing ring 12 can be uniformly compressed between the sealing hole section 110a and the sealing shaft section 110; When the pole 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 100 to squeeze the sealing ring 12, it can also facilitate the sealing ring 12 to move along the side wall, so that the sealing ring 12 slides along the smaller diameter end of the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 to a smaller diameter. The larger end enables the sealing ring 12 to be fully compressed and increases the reliability of the seal.
  • the side walls of the sealing hole section 100a and the side walls of the sealing shaft section 110 are both inclined in the direction close to the axis of the mounting hole 100. That is to say, the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 have a small top and a large bottom.
  • the bottom end of the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 is the end with a larger diameter
  • the top end is the end with a smaller diameter
  • the pole 11 Install the pole 11 in the mounting hole 100 from bottom to top, and fix the pole 11 on the top of the top cover plate 10 to make the installation and fixation of the pole 11 more convenient.
  • the bottom end of the pole 11 needs to be connected to the adapter plate 16, and
  • the tabs 16 are connected to the tabs of the electrode assembly 3, and the poles 11 are inserted into the mounting holes 100 from bottom to top, which can prevent the tabs 16 from deforming or moving during the process of mounting and fixing the poles 11.
  • the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 can also be arranged with a large upper and a smaller structure, so that the top end of the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing shaft section 110 is the end with a larger diameter, and the bottom end is the end with a smaller diameter.
  • the pole 11 is inserted into the mounting hole 100 from top to bottom.
  • the angle ⁇ at which the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110 are inclined with respect to the axis of the mounting hole 100 is 5° to 45°, which can facilitate the sealing ring
  • the installation of 12 can ensure the reliability of the sealing of the sealing ring 12.
  • the top cover assembly 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a first insulating member 13 and a second insulating member 14, and the first insulating member 13 and the second insulating member 14 are respectively Located on both sides of the top cover plate 10 along its own thickness direction, and is relatively fixed to the top cover plate 10; the first insulating member 13 and the second insulating member 14 are respectively provided with through holes allowing the pole 11 to pass through, and pass through the first The insulating member 13 and the second insulating member 14 fix the pole 11 to prevent the pole 11 from shaking in the mounting hole 100.
  • the top cover plate 10 is made of a metal material, and the first insulating member 13 and the second insulating member 14 can also achieve insulation between the pole 11 and the top cover plate 10, and prevent the pole 11 and the top The contact of the cover plate 10 is short-circuited.
  • the top cover plate 10 is made of insulating material, and the first insulating member 13 and the second insulating member 14 and the top cover plate 10 can be arranged as separate parts, or can be integrated with the top cover plate 10. forming.
  • the first insulating member 13, the second insulating member 14, the side wall of the sealing hole section 100a and the side wall of the sealing shaft section 110 form a sealed cavity 101, the sealing ring 12 is located in the sealed cavity 101, and the first insulating member 13 is insulated from the second insulating member.
  • the parts 14 respectively limit the sealing ring 12 along the two ends of the axial direction of the mounting hole 100 to prevent the pole 11 from being inserted into the mounting hole 100 to squeeze the sealing ring 12, and the sealing ring 12 slips off along the end of the sealing hole section 100a. , It affects the effective contact area of the sealing ring 12 and the sealing hole section 100a and the sealing ring 12 and the sealing shaft section 110, thereby improving the reliability of the seal.
  • the thickness of the sealing ring 12 is not greater than the thickness of the top cover plate 10, the top of the sealing ring 12 does not exceed the top of the top cover plate 10, and the bottom of the sealing ring 12 does not exceed the bottom of the top cover plate 10.
  • the sealing ring 12 is completely contained within the sealing hole section 100a.
  • the sealing ring 12 can be fully compressed, and the effective utilization rate of the sealing ring 12 can be improved, that is, the part of the sealing ring 12 beyond the sealing hole section 100a cannot be compressed or cannot be fully compressed, so that this part cannot have a sealing effect;
  • the overall thickness of the top cover assembly 1 can be reduced, and the energy density of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • a gap 102 is left at at least one top corner of the sealing ring 12 and the sealing cavity 101 (see FIG. 5).
  • the gap 102 can release the elastic restoring force of the sealing ring 12, thereby preventing the sealing ring 12 from being too large. Damage occurs under pressure.
  • the first insulating member 13 is arranged at the smaller diameter end of the sealing hole section 100a, that is, the first insulating member 13 is arranged at the smaller diameter end of the mounting hole 100; correspondingly, the second insulating member 14 is arranged at the sealing hole 100a.
  • the hole section 100a has the larger diameter end.
  • the mounting hole 100 also includes a limiting hole section 100b.
  • the limiting hole section 100b is arranged at an end of the sealing hole section 100a facing the first insulating member 13, and is connected to the sealing hole section 100a.
  • the sealing hole section 100a is eliminated by the limiting hole section 100b.
  • the inner wall of the smaller diameter end of the sealing hole section 100a forms a sharp edge with the surface of the top cover plate 10.
  • the acute angle of the sealing hole section 100a is likely to cause damage to the edge of the sealing hole section 100a or scratch the sealing ring 12.
  • the first insulating member 13 is provided with a limiting protrusion 130, which is located between the limiting hole section 100b and the pole 11 (the annular gap between the limiting hole section 100b and the pole 11);
  • the position protrusion 130 forms a reliable positioning and insulation between the top cover plate 10 and the pole 11 to prevent the pole 11 from shaking or short-circuit with the top cover plate 10; on the other hand, to ensure that the sealing ring 12 is completely contained in the sealing hole section 100a Within, a reliable seal is formed.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the secondary battery in the above embodiment, and the secondary battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the electrical device can be a vehicle, for example, the vehicle can be a fuel car, a gas car or a new energy car, and the new energy car can be a pure electric car, a hybrid car, or a range-extended car.
  • electrical devices can also be other energy storage devices, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, electric toys, power tools, ships, and spacecraft.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, or spacecraft.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置，该顶盖组件包括顶盖板、极柱和密封圈；所述顶盖板设有安装孔，所述安装孔包括密封孔段；所述极柱插入所述安装孔内，所述极柱包括密封轴段，所述密封轴段插入所述密封孔段，所述密封孔段的侧壁与所述密封轴段的侧壁均相对于所述安装孔的轴线倾斜；所述密封圈设置于所述密封孔段的侧壁与所述密封轴段的侧壁之间。

Description

顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2019年09月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为201921510303.2、申请名称为“顶盖组件与二次电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置。
背景技术
二次电池包括顶盖组件、壳体和电极组件，电极组件容纳于壳体内，顶盖组件安装于壳体的顶部，且电连接电极组件，使电极组件的电能通过顶盖组件上的极柱引出到壳体外部。
顶盖板上设有安装孔，通常情况下，极柱通过密封圈密封连接于安装孔内，以保证顶盖板与极柱之间密封性。但是，在安装密封圈时，存在安装不便的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种顶盖组件、二次电池及用电装置，以提高密封圈安装的便利性。
本申请实施例的第一方面提供了一种顶盖组件，其包括：
顶盖板，顶盖板设有安装孔，安装孔包括密封孔段；极柱，插入安装孔内，极柱包括密封轴段，密封轴段插入密封孔段，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁均相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜；密封圈，设置于密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间。
通过密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁均相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜，使得密封孔段和密封轴段呈上小下大或者上大下小的结构，这样当极柱沿安装孔的轴线方向插入安装孔时，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间 的距离逐渐减小，沿垂直于侧壁的方向对密封圈产生挤压，直至密封圈安装到位，方便安装，同时能够有效避免极柱安装过程中密封圈发生移位或损坏。
在一些实施例中，沿顶盖板的底部指向顶部的方向，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁均向靠近安装孔的轴线的方向倾斜。
密封孔段与密封轴段为上小下大的结构，密封孔段与密封轴段的底端为直径较大的一端，顶端为直径较小的一端，极柱自下而上装入安装孔内，在顶盖板的顶部固定极柱，使极柱的安装固定更加方便。
在一些实施例中，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜的角度为5°～45°。
通过对密封孔段侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜的角度α进行设计，并使倾斜的角度α位于5°～45°之间，这样既能够方便密封圈的安装，又能够确保密封圈密封的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，沿顶盖板的厚度方向，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间的各处距离均相同。
在顶盖板的任意厚度位置，密封孔段与密封轴段沿安装孔的径向的距离均相同，使得密封孔段与密封轴段之间形成均匀的安装间隙。
在一些实施例中，密封孔段的母线与密封轴段的母线均为直线，且密封孔段的母线与密封轴段的母线相平行。
本实施例中密封孔段的母线与密封轴段的母线均为直线，相应地，密封孔段为圆台形状的孔，密封轴段为圆台形状的轴，这样可以便于密封孔段和密封轴段的加工，提高加工的便利性。
当密封圈设置于密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间，能够均匀压缩密封圈，确保密封圈的密封效果。
在一些实施例中，本申请提供的顶盖组件还包括第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件，第一绝缘件与第二绝缘件分别位于顶盖板两侧；第一绝缘件、第二绝缘件、密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁形成密封腔，密封圈位于密封腔内。
通过第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件的设置，能够实现极柱与顶盖板之间的绝缘，防止极柱与顶盖板接触出现短路。
另外，第一绝缘件、第二绝缘件、密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁 形成密封腔，密封圈位于密封腔内，第一绝缘件与第二绝缘件分别沿安装孔的轴线方向的两端对密封圈形成限位，防止极柱插入安装孔挤压密封圈的过程中，密封圈沿密封孔段的端部滑脱，影响到密封圈与密封孔段以及密封圈与密封轴段的有效接触面积，从而提高了密封的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，密封圈的厚度小于或等于顶盖板的厚度。
通过密封圈的厚度小于或等于顶盖板的厚度的设计，既能够使密封圈得到充分压缩，提高密封圈的有效利用率，也能够减小顶盖组件的整体厚度，提高二次电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，密封圈与密封腔的至少一个顶角处留有空隙。该空隙能够使密封圈的弹性回复力得到释放，从而避免密封圈在过大的压紧力作用下出现损坏。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件设置于安装孔的直径较小的一端；安装孔还包括限位孔段，限位孔段设置于密封孔段朝向第一绝缘件的一端，并连通密封孔段；第一绝缘件设有限位凸起，限位凸起位于限位孔段与极柱之间。
其中，通过在密封孔段直径较小的一端设置限位孔段，使密封孔段的内壁与限位孔段的内壁之间形成钝角，有效防止了密封孔段的边缘损坏和密封圈划伤。
另外，第一绝缘件设有限位凸起，限位凸起位于限位孔段与极柱之间，一方面，限位凸起在顶盖板与极柱之间形成可靠的定位与绝缘，防止极柱晃动或与顶盖板短路；另一方面，确保密封圈完全容纳于密封孔段内，形成可靠的密封
在一些实施例中，顶盖板采用绝缘材料制成。这样顶盖板可以与极柱绝缘设置，防止极柱与顶盖板接触出现短路，提高了安全性。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供了一种二次电池，其包括本申请提供的任意一种顶盖组件。
由于本实施例中的二次电池包括了上述的顶盖组件，相应地，也具有顶盖组件的优势，即通过密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁均相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜，使得密封孔段和密封轴段呈上小下大或者上大下小的结构，这样当极柱沿安装孔的轴线方向插入安装孔时，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间的距离逐渐减小，沿垂直于侧壁的方向对密封圈产生挤压， 直至密封圈安装到位，方便安装，能够有效避免极柱安装过程中密封圈发生移位或损坏。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供了一种用电装置，其包括本申请提供的二次电池，二次电池用于提供电能。
由于本实施例中的用电装置包括了上述的顶盖组件，相应地，也具有顶盖组件的优势，即通过密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁均相对于安装孔的轴线倾斜，使得密封孔段和密封轴段呈上小下大或者上大下小的结构，这样当极柱沿安装孔的轴线方向插入安装孔时，密封孔段的侧壁与密封轴段的侧壁之间的距离逐渐减小，沿垂直于侧壁的方向对密封圈产生挤压，直至密封圈安装到位，方便安装，能够有效避免极柱安装过程中密封圈发生移位或损坏。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的二次电池的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的二次电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的顶盖组件的爆炸结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的顶盖组件的剖面结构示意图；
图5为图4的局部放大图；
图6为图5中顶盖板的局部结构示意图；
图7为图5中极柱的结构示意图；
图8为图5中顶盖板与极柱的配合结构示意图；
图9为图5中顶盖板、极柱、第一绝缘件及第二绝缘件的配合结构示意图；
图10为图5中第一绝缘件的局部结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-顶盖组件；
10-顶盖板；
100-安装孔；
100a-密封孔段；
100b-限位孔段；
101-密封腔；
102-空隙；
11-极柱；
110-密封轴段；
12-密封圈；
13-第一绝缘件；
130-限位凸起；
14-第二绝缘件；
15-端子板；
16-转接片；
17-防爆阀；
18-防爆阀贴片；
19-注液孔；
2-壳体；
3-电极组件；
4-绝缘膜。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第 二”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；除非另有规定或说明，术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上；术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
发明人发现，极柱通过密封圈密封连接于安装孔时，通常密封圈的横截面为L形(以下称“L形密封圈”)，L形密封圈的上半部分(即“L”形的竖直臂部分)伸入安装孔中，下半部分(即“L”形的底臂部分)位于顶盖板的厚度方向的一侧，L形密封圈靠二次电池沿高度方向的力挤压密封圈的下半部分密封。而这种L形密封圈的下半部分位于顶盖板的一侧，占用了高度方向的空间，导致二次电池能量密度的降低。通过将L形密封圈的下半部分去掉，使密封圈只保留位于安装孔内的部分，即横截面形状改为近似“O”形，以下简称“O型密封圈”，以提高二次电池能量密度。发明人发现，这种结构存在密封圈安装不方便的技术问题。基于发明人的发现，本申请提供了一种新的顶盖组件以提高密封圈安装的便利性。
如图1和图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池，其包括顶盖组件1、壳体2和电极组件3。其中，壳体2可以为六面体形，也可以为其他形状，且该壳体2内部形成容纳腔，用于容纳电极组件3和电解液，壳体2的一端开口，使得电极组件3可通过该开口放置于壳体2的容纳腔，且容纳腔内可设置有多个电极组件3，多个电极组件3相互堆叠。其中，壳体2可以包括金属材料，例如铝或铝合金等，也可以包括绝缘材料，例如塑料等；当壳体2包括金属材料时，壳体2内可以设置绝缘膜4。
电极组件包括电极单元和极耳，极耳可以设置于电极单元的两个端部，也可以间隔设置于电极单元的顶部。电极单元包括正极极片、负极极片和 隔离膜，隔离膜位于相邻正极极片和负极极片之间，用于隔开正极极片与负极极片。
在一种可能的设计中，正极极片、隔离膜与负极极片三者顺序堆叠并卷绕，形成电极组件3的电极单元，即该电极单元为卷绕式结构；在另一种可能的设计中，正极极片、隔离膜与负极极片三者顺序堆叠，形成电极组件的电极单元，该电极单元为叠片式结构。同时，电极单元形成后具有缝隙，电解液能够通过缝隙进入电极单元内，浸润正极极片与负极极片。
其中，正极极片包括正极集流体(例如铝箔)和涂覆在正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层(例如三元材料、磷酸铁锂或钴酸锂)，负极极片包括负极集流体(例如铜箔)和涂覆在负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层(例如石墨、碳或硅)。在电极组件3的正极，极耳与正极极片相连，并从电极单元中伸出，且该极耳可直接由正极集流体裁切而成；在电极组件3的负极，极耳与负极极片相连，并从电极单元中伸出，且该极耳可直接由负极集流体裁切形成。
如图3-图5所示，本申请实施例提供的顶盖组件1包括顶盖板10、极柱11和密封圈12。顶盖板10固定于壳体2的开口，顶盖板10的长度方向为图4所示X向，顶盖板10的厚度方向为图4所示Y向。顶盖板10设置有防爆阀17和防爆阀贴片18，从而将电极组件和电解液封闭于壳体2的容纳腔，顶盖板10上还设有注液孔19以将电解液注入壳体2的容纳腔内。顶盖板10上设有安装孔100，安装孔100沿顶盖板10的厚度方向(Y向)贯穿顶盖板10；极柱11插入安装孔100内，并密封连接于安装孔100内，极柱11可以通过端子板15铆接于顶盖板10；极柱11包括正极极柱和负极极柱，两个极柱11与对应的极耳之间通过转接片16电连接。同样地，转接片16包括正极转接片和负极转接片。
其中，安装孔100包括密封孔段100a，极柱11包括密封轴段110，密封轴段110插入密封孔段100a，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁均相对于安装孔100的轴线倾斜，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110之间设有间隙，密封圈12设置于密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁之间，也就是说，密封圈12设在上述的间隙内。
安装时，密封圈12沿安装孔100直径较大的一端装入安装孔100内，极柱11直径较小的一端首先装入密封圈12的内圈，从而将密封圈12定位 在密封孔段100a与密封轴段110之间；当极柱11沿安装孔100的轴线方向插入安装孔100时，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁之间的距离逐渐减小，沿垂直于侧壁的方向对密封圈12产生挤压，直至密封圈12安装到位，方便安装，能够有效避免极柱11安装过程中密封圈12发生移位或损坏。
此外，由于密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁均相对于安装孔100的轴线倾斜，使二者沿垂直于侧壁之间的距离小于二者沿安装孔100径向之间的距离，从而能够对密封圈12产生更大的挤压作用，实现可靠密封。
在一些实施例中，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁均相对于安装孔100的轴线倾斜是指，沿顶盖板10的厚度方向，密封孔段100a孔径大小逐渐变化，密封轴段110的轴径大小逐渐变化，使密封孔段100a与密封轴段110均呈现出一端大一端小的结构。
其中，沿顶盖板10的厚度方向，密封孔段100a的孔径与密封轴段110的轴径可以为线性变化，使密封孔段100a的母线与密封轴段110的母线均为直线；密封孔段100a的孔径与密封轴段110的轴径也可以为非线性变化，使密封孔段100a的母线与密封轴段110的母线为非直线(例如曲线或折线等)。
在一些实施例中，沿顶盖板10的厚度方向，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁之间的各处距离(沿安装孔100的径向的距离)均相同，也就是说，在顶盖板10的任意厚度位置，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110沿安装孔100的径向的距离均相同，相应地，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110之间形成均匀的安装间隙。密封圈12设置于密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁之间，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110之间形成均匀的安装间隙，使密封圈12能够均匀压缩，确保密封效果。
如图6-图8所示，在一些实施例中，密封孔段100a的母线与密封轴段110的母线均为直线，也就是说，密封孔段100a为圆台形状的孔，密封轴段110为圆台形状的轴，结构简单，加工方便；密封孔段110a的母线与密封轴段110的母线相平行，使密封圈12能够在密封孔段110a与密封轴段110之间得到均匀压缩；在极柱11插入安装孔100挤压密封圈12的过程中，还能够便于密封圈12沿侧壁移动，使密封圈12沿密封孔段100a与密 封轴段110直径较小的一端滑动到直径较大的一端，使密封圈12能够充分压缩，增大密封的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，沿顶盖板10的底部指向顶部的方向(Y向)，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁均向靠近安装孔100的轴线的方向倾斜，也就是说，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110为上小下大的结构，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110的底端为直径较大的一端，顶端为直径较小的一端，极柱11自下而上装入安装孔100内，在顶盖板10的顶部固定极柱11，使极柱11的安装固定更加方便，另外，由于极柱11的底端需要连接转接片16，并通过转接片16连接电极组件3的极耳，极柱11自下而上装入安装孔100，能够避免极柱11的安装固定过程中，使转接片16发生变形或移动。
当然，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110也可以设置呈上大下小的结构，使密封孔段100a与密封轴段110的顶端为直径较大的一端，底端为直径较小的一端，极柱11自上而下装入安装孔100内。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁相对于安装孔100的轴线倾斜的角度α为5°～45°，既能够方便密封圈12的安装，又能够确保密封圈12密封的可靠性。当α小于5°时，由于顶盖板10的厚度较小，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110的两端的直径几乎相同，仍然不便于密封圈12的安装；当α大于45°时，密封孔段100a与密封轴段110之间垂直于侧壁的距离过小，容易导致密封圈12过度压缩，产生损坏，从而影响到密封的可靠性。
如图3、图5、图9和图10所示，本申请实施例提供顶盖组件1还包括第一绝缘件13和第二绝缘件14，第一绝缘件13和第二绝缘件14分别位于顶盖板10沿自身厚度方向的两侧，且与顶盖板10相对固定；第一绝缘件13与第二绝缘件14上分别设有允许极柱11穿过的通孔，通过第一绝缘件13和第二绝缘件14对极柱11形成固定，防止极柱11在安装孔100内晃动。
在一种实施例下，顶盖板10采用金属材料制成，第一绝缘件13和第二绝缘件14还能够实现极柱11与顶盖板10之间的绝缘，防止极柱11与顶盖板10接触出现短路。
在另一种实施例下，顶盖板10采用绝缘材料制成，第一绝缘件13和 第二绝缘件14可以与顶盖板10设置成相互独立的部件，也可以与顶盖板10一体成型。
第一绝缘件13、第二绝缘件14、密封孔段100a的侧壁与密封轴段110的侧壁形成密封腔101，密封圈12位于密封腔101内，第一绝缘件13与第二绝缘件14分别沿安装孔100的轴线方向的两端对密封圈12形成限位，防止极柱11插入安装孔100挤压密封圈12的过程中，密封圈12沿密封孔段100a的端部滑脱，影响到密封圈12与密封孔段100a以及密封圈12与密封轴段110的有效接触面积，从而提高了密封的可靠性。
进一步地，密封圈12的厚度不大于顶盖板10的厚度，密封圈12的顶部不超过顶盖板10的顶部，密封圈12的底部不超过顶盖板10的底部，沿顶盖板10的厚度方向，密封圈12完全容纳于密封孔段100a以内。既能够使密封圈12得到充分压缩，提高密封圈12的有效利用率，也就是说，密封圈12超出密封孔段100a的部分无法压缩或无法充分压缩，从而使该部分无法起到密封效果；又能够减小顶盖组件1的整体厚度，提高二次电池的能量密度。
进一步地，密封圈12与密封腔101的至少一个顶角处留有空隙102(参见图5)，该空隙102能够使密封圈12的弹性回复力得到释放，从而避免密封圈12在过大的压紧力作用下出现损坏。
进一步地，第一绝缘件13设置于密封孔段100a的直径较小的一端，即第一绝缘件13设置于安装孔100的直径较小的一端；相应地，第二绝缘件14设置于密封孔段100a直径较大的一端。安装孔100还包括限位孔段100b，限位孔段100b设置于密封孔段100a朝向第一绝缘件13的一端，并连通密封孔段100a，通过限位孔段100b消除了密封孔段100a的尖锐边缘；也就是说，当密封孔段100a沿顶盖板10的厚度方向贯穿顶盖板10时，密封孔段100a直径较小的一端的内壁与顶盖板10的表面之间形成尖锐的锐角，容易导致密封孔段100a的边缘损坏，或划伤密封圈12；通过在密封孔段100a直径较小的一端设置限位孔段100b，使密封孔段100a的内壁与限位孔段100b的内壁之间形成钝角，有效防止了密封孔段100a的边缘损坏和密封圈12划伤。
第一绝缘件13设有限位凸起130，限位凸起130位于限位孔段100b与极柱11之间(限位孔段100b与极柱11之间的环形间隙)；一方面，限 位凸起130在顶盖板10与极柱11之间形成可靠的定位与绝缘，防止极柱11晃动或与顶盖板10短路；另一方面，确保密封圈12完全容纳于密封孔段100a以内，形成可靠的密封。
本申请的实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述实施例中的二次电池，二次电池用于提供电能。
其中，用电装置可以为车辆，比如：车辆可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，且新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
此外，用电装置还可以其他储能装置，比如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、船舶及航天器等，其中，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机或者宇宙飞船。
以上描述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种顶盖组件，其中，包括：
    顶盖板(10)，所述顶盖板(10)设有安装孔(100)，所述安装孔(100)包括密封孔段(100a)；
    极柱(11)，插入所述安装孔(100)内，所述极柱(11)包括密封轴段(110)，所述密封轴段(110)插入所述密封孔段(100a)，所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁均相对于所述安装孔(100)的轴线倾斜；
    密封圈(12)，设置于所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，沿所述顶盖板(10)的底部指向顶部的方向，所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁均向靠近所述安装孔(100)的轴线的方向倾斜。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁相对于所述安装孔(100)的轴线倾斜的角度为5°～45°。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的顶盖组件，其中，沿所述顶盖板(10)的厚度方向，所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁之间的各处距离均相同。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述密封孔段(100a)的母线与所述密封轴段(110)的母线均为直线，且所述密封孔段(110a)的母线与所述密封轴段(110)的母线相平行。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的顶盖组件，其中，还包括第一绝缘件(13)和第二绝缘件(14)，所述第一绝缘件(13)与所述第二绝缘件(14)分别位于所述顶盖板(10)两侧；
    所述第一绝缘件(13)、所述第二绝缘件(14)、所述密封孔段(100a)的侧壁与所述密封轴段(110)的侧壁形成密封腔(101)，所述密封圈(12)位于所述密封腔(101)内。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述密封圈(12)的厚度小于或等于所述顶盖板(10)的厚度。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述密封圈(12)与所述密封腔(101)的至少一个顶角处留有空隙(102)。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述第一绝缘件(13)设置于所述安装孔(100)的直径较小的一端；
    所述安装孔(100)还包括限位孔段(100b)，所述限位孔段(100b)设置于所述密封孔段(100a)朝向所述第一绝缘件(13)的一端，并连通所述密封孔段(100a)；
    所述第一绝缘件(13)设有限位凸起(130)，所述限位凸起(130)位于所述限位孔段(100b)与所述极柱(11)之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述顶盖板(10)采用绝缘材料制成。
  11. 一种二次电池，其中，包括权利要求1-10任一项所述的顶盖组件(1)。
  12. 一种用电装置，其中，包括权利要求11所述的二次电池，所述二次电池用于提供电能。
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