WO2021043669A1 - Mélange de fibres de fibres de cellulose artificielles et son utilisation - Google Patents

Mélange de fibres de fibres de cellulose artificielles et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021043669A1
WO2021043669A1 PCT/EP2020/074016 EP2020074016W WO2021043669A1 WO 2021043669 A1 WO2021043669 A1 WO 2021043669A1 EP 2020074016 W EP2020074016 W EP 2020074016W WO 2021043669 A1 WO2021043669 A1 WO 2021043669A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
man
mixture
cellulose fibers
weight
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Application number
PCT/EP2020/074016
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Elke Teschner
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg Kg filed Critical Carl Freudenberg Kg
Publication of WO2021043669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021043669A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
    • A47G9/0207—Blankets; Duvets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B16/00—Regeneration of cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43918—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres nonlinear fibres, e.g. crimped or coiled fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/55—Polyesters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/08—Sleeping bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00—Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • B68G2001/005—Loose filling materials for upholstery for pillows or duvets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, a fiber composition which contains this fiber mixture and fibers different therefrom, a wadding which contains this fiber mixture or this fiber composition and a textile article which contains this fiber mixture or this fiber composition or these Includes padding.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the fiber mixture of man-made cellulose fibers for the production of a textile article, in particular for thermally insulating clothing, and generally for thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
  • the fiber blend of man-made cellulose fibers is specifically a fiber blend of regenerated cellulose fibers.
  • thermal insulation in the textile sector, e.g. B. for sports and outdoor clothing
  • high demands are made.
  • the desired profile of properties is complex and, in addition to the pure insulation quality, includes requirements for high wearing comfort, care and other material properties.
  • These include high thermal insulation, sufficient hydrophobicity (ie water repellency) to protect against moisture penetration from the outside, high wearing comfort, good haptic properties (softness), good moisture balance, ie Ability to absorb sweat from the skin and release it into the environment, good drying ability and good insulating properties even when wet, good washability and resistance to fiber migration due to antistatic properties, bacteriostatic properties, etc.
  • fibers for the thermal or acoustic insulation of buildings, vehicles, Technical systems and household appliances have to meet a large number of requirements. Thermal insulation should often also absorb moisture, seal it, protect components, etc. Acoustic insulation should, among other things, reduce noise, reduce reverberation and also provide thermal insulation.
  • polyester fibers for thermal insulation for example as a filling for sports and outdoor clothing.
  • polyester fibers are characterized by good thermal insulation properties, they are neither made from sustainable materials nor biodegradable. Their application properties, such as For example, good breathability of the padding and the ability to buffer water vapor or the moisture management of the material can still be improved, especially when used in sports and outdoor clothing.
  • Cellulose obtained from plants has been used for a long time to produce textile articles and materials for thermal and acoustic insulation used by buildings, vehicles, technical systems and household appliances.
  • To produce fibers from cellulose it is necessary to first bring them into solution and to extrude them through appropriate molding tools.
  • the cellulose can either be dissolved in a suitable solvent without chemical derivatization and subjected to fiber formation with renewed solidification.
  • the cellulose can be converted into a more soluble form by derivatisation, for example by esterification, and then processed into fibers.
  • These industrially produced cellulose fibers are called man-made cellulose fibers.
  • WO 2018/102281 A1 describes a self-regulating insulating wadding which contains a fleece based on a large number of functional and non-functional fibers, the functional fibers regulating the insulating properties of the wadding as a function of the environmental conditions.
  • the fibers of the batting can be selected from a large number of different fiber types.
  • Man-made cellulose fibers and especially Lyocell fibers are mentioned in an extensive list, but not preferred. Polyester fibers are mentioned as a preferred embodiment.
  • the fibers used in the wadding can also have a large number of different physicochemical properties.
  • the fibers can differ in their fineness, whereby fibers in the micro-denier range (0.7 to 1.0 denier) and macro-denier range (1.1 to 8.0 denier) can be used. It is also generally described that the fibers can be coated with silicone. This document does not contain any indication that mixtures of man-made cellulose fibers can be used to produce very specific fineness wadings which have good biodegradability and at the same time good application properties.
  • WO 2018/184937 A1 describes a nonwoven fabric made of cellulose fibers, produced from a Lyocell spinning solution, which comprises fibers with different diameters, the ratio of the fiber with the largest diameter to the fiber with the smallest diameter being> 1.5 .
  • the criticality of certain fineness values is not mentioned in this document either.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing fibers for thermal and acoustic insulation and wadding based thereon which have good application properties and at the same time are readily biodegradable, especially decomposable and compostable.
  • the padding should have good clothing physiological properties, especially for use in sports and outdoor clothing.
  • this object is achieved by a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers which have fibers of different fineness in a certain ratio. They are preferably regenerated cellulose fibers and, in particular, lyocell fibers.
  • the fibers have a silicone finish, with the different fiber titers having different amounts of silicone applied on their fiber surface (e.g. as a result of different finishing processes).
  • a first object of the invention is a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers containing, based on the total weight of the cellulose fibers, a) 10 to 90% by weight of fibers with a fineness in the range from 4.0 to 9.5 dtex and b) 90 to 10% by weight fibers with a fineness in the range from 0.9 to 3.5 dtex.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers are preferably selected from regenerated cellulose fibers, derivatized cellulose fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • a preferred embodiment is a mixture of cellulose
  • Regenerated fibers made from a solution in a tertiary amine oxide as a solvent, containing, based on the total weight of the regenerated cellulose fibers, a) 10 to 90% by weight fibers with a fineness in the range from 4.0 to 9.5 dtex and b) 90 to 10% by weight fibers with a fineness in the range from 0.9 to 3.5 dtex.
  • Another preferred embodiment is a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers which contains at least one cellulose ester fiber or which consists of cellulose ester fibers.
  • the cellulose ester fibers are cellulose acetate fibers.
  • Another object of the invention is a fiber composition containing a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, and fibers different therefrom, preferably selected from polyester fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, thermoplastic starch fibers, cellulose-containing natural fibers, different fibers of which are natural Polymers, polyester amide fibers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Another preferred embodiment is a fiber composition containing a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, and additionally polyester fibers as fibers different therefrom.
  • a special embodiment is a fiber composition which contains a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers and additionally at least one fiber different therefrom, selected from polylactic acid fibers, poly (ethylene succinate) fibers, poly (butylene succinate) fibers and mixtures from that.
  • Another object of the invention is a thermally insulating wadding, comprising a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, or a fiber composition, such as defined above and below, and at least one binder.
  • a preferred embodiment is a thermally insulating wadding, comprising a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, and at least one binder.
  • Another object of the invention is a textile article comprising a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, or a fiber composition as defined above and below, or a thermally insulating wadding, as above and in Defined below.
  • a preferred embodiment is a textile article which comprises a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers or which comprises a thermally insulating wadding which comprises a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, especially a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, for making a thermally insulating wadding, which is in particular biodegradable and / or bacteriostatic.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, especially a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, or a thermally insulating wadding, as defined above and below, for forming a textile article .
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, or a fiber composition, as defined above and below, or one thermally insulating wadding, as defined above and below, for thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
  • a plastic material is considered to be biodegradable if at least 60% of the organic carbon is converted in a laboratory test in a maximum of six months. According to the specifications of DIN EN 13432: 2000-12 on compostability, the products must be at least 90% decomposable to fragments smaller than 2 mm in an industrial composting plant within a maximum of 90 days.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention are particularly suitable for thermal and / or acoustic insulation, e.g. of buildings, vehicles, technical systems and household appliances. They are especially suitable for use in padding for textile articles such as sports and outdoor clothing.
  • the padding is characterized by very good thermal insulation. They retain their heat-insulating effect even when they are used, for. B. have become damp due to profuse sweating of the wearer. Thermal resistance values Rct are achieved which correspond to those of polyester padding.
  • the padding also has a very good moisture balance, ie the ability to absorb sweat from the skin and release it into the environment (breathability, low water vapor resistance Ret). Here are getting better Values achieved than with comparable polyester padding.
  • the wadding according to the invention can also absorb water vapor in the fiber (water vapor absorption capacity Fi) without feeling wet. This makes for a more pleasant feeling of lull, without the sensation of sweating.
  • the padding based on regenerated cellulose fibers has the ability to store water vapor in the fiber as a result of sweating (buffer effect of water vapor Fd), which prevents moisture build-up between the fluff and the textile. The drying time of the sweat-soaked textile corresponds to that of polyester.
  • the padding is biodegradable. They rot within a short period of time (2.5 to 3 months) even if they are normally buried in the ground with a pFI value of ⁇ 7. Even faster degradation can be observed under the more drastic conditions when composting by aggressive bacteria at a pFI value of> 7 and at temperatures of up to 60 ° C (1 to 1.5 months). They meet the requirements for certification according to the OEKO-TEX® STANDARD.
  • the padding has bacteriostatic properties so that less unpleasant odors arise during exercise due to the breakdown of sweat. This is another advantage over polyester padding.
  • the padding also has antistatic properties and is resistant to fiber migration.
  • the haptic properties are very pleasant (high softness) and go hand in hand with a high level of wearing comfort.
  • Man-made cellulose fibers With man-made cellulose fibers (industrially manufactured cellulose fibers) a distinction is made between non-derivatized cellulose fibers and derivatized cellulose fibers.
  • the solid cellulose which is in the form of cellulose, must first be brought into solution.
  • the cellulose can be dissolved in a suitable solvent and subjected to fiber formation with renewed solidification.
  • non-derivatized cellulose fibers are obtained, which are also referred to as regenerated cellulose fibers, ie the fibers obtained continue to consist of cellulose.
  • Regenerated cellulose fibers are a preferred embodiment of the man-made cellulose fibers.
  • the cellulose can be derivatized by derivatization, for example by esterification with an organic or inorganic acid, and thus brought into a more soluble form and then processed into fibers.
  • Organic carboxylic acids especially acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and mixtures thereof, are preferably used for the esterification.
  • Derivatized cellulose fibers can contain a cellulose ester whose ester groups are derived from a single carboxylic acid, a cellulose mixed ester whose ester groups are derived from two or more carboxylic acids, and any mixtures thereof.
  • Cellulose acetates are preferably used for fiber formation.
  • cellulose triacetate the so-called primary acetate, in which all three hydroxyl groups of the glucose building blocks are acetylated, is usually obtained first.
  • the cellulose triacetate can be subjected to partial hydrolysis before further processing into textile fibers.
  • the degree of hydrolysis can be adjusted, for example, via the reaction time and the temperature.
  • Secondary acetates with the desired degree of saponification e.g. 2-acetate or diacetate
  • a special embodiment of the invention is a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers which contains at least one cellulose ester fiber.
  • Another special embodiment of the invention is a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, which consists of cellulose ester fibers.
  • a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers is preferred which, based on the total weight of the fibers contained in the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight .-%, contains cellulose ester fibers.
  • a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers which, based on the total weight of the fibers contained in the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight Wt .-%, contains cellulose acetate fibers.
  • the fiber mixture according to the invention preferably consists of regenerated cellulose fibers.
  • solid cellulose which is in the form of cellulose
  • a solvent pressed in the solubilized state through spinnerets and then regenerated again to solid cellulose (in the form of cellulose fibers).
  • the regenerated cellulose fibers used according to the invention are produced by a direct solvent process using a tertiary amine oxide as solvent.
  • the preferred solvent used is N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO).
  • NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
  • regenerated cellulose fibers produced in this way have the generic name Lyocell assigned by the BISFA (The International Bureau for the Standardization of Man Made Fibers).
  • a method for making lyocell fibers is e.g.
  • Lyocell process is a sustainable, environmentally friendly manufacturing process, as it allows almost complete recovery of the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solvent Process cycle allowed. Lyocell fibers are offered in a wide range of fineness by Lenzing AG under the brand name Tencel®. The actual production by loosening, spinning and solidifying can be followed by further treatment steps such as cleaning, finishing, drying, crimping, cutting, etc.
  • the spun threads are collected and form a tow (i.e. a ribbon of parallel filaments). Further processing then comprises the following steps:
  • the cable is cleaned, if necessary the cable is bleached, a finish is applied, the cable is dried, the cable is crimped, the cable is cut into stacks, the fibers are pressed into bales.
  • spun threads are collected and form a tow. Further processing then comprises the following steps:
  • the cable is cut into stacks, a fiber fleece is formed, if necessary the fleece is cleaned, if necessary the fleece is bleached, a finish is applied, the fibers are dried, the fibers are opened, the fibers are pressed into bales.
  • the mixture according to the invention comprises fibers which are produced according to the first embodiment and fibers which are produced according to the second embodiment.
  • the fibers b) are produced according to the first embodiment.
  • the fibers a) are produced according to the second embodiment.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers used can be characterized by their fineness, i. H. the weight related to a certain length.
  • the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention contains, as component a), fibers with a fineness in the range from 4.0 to 9.5 dtex, preferably 5.0 to 8.5 dtex, in particular 6.0 to 7.5 dtex .
  • component a) consists of fibers with a fineness in the range from 6.4 to 7.0 dtex.
  • a special embodiment is a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers which contains fibers with the aforementioned fineness as component a).
  • the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention contains, as component b), fibers with a fineness in the range from 0.9 to 3.5 dtex, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 dtex, in particular 1.1 to 2.2 dtex .
  • component b) consists of fibers with a fineness in the range from 1.4 to 2.0 dtex.
  • a special embodiment is a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, which contains fibers with the aforementioned fineness as component b).
  • the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention contains, based on the total weight of the man-made cellulose fibers, 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 45 to 85% by weight, particularly preferably 55 to 75% by weight Fibers of component a).
  • a special embodiment is a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers which, based on the total weight of the regenerated cellulose fibers, contains 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 45 to 85% by weight, particularly preferably 55 to 75% by weight of fibers Component a) contains.
  • the mixture of man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention contains, based on the total weight of the man-made cellulose fibers, 90 to 10% by weight, preferably 15 to 55% by weight, particularly preferably 25 to 45% by weight Fibers of component b).
  • a special embodiment is a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers which, based on the total weight of the regenerated cellulose fibers, contains 90 to 10% by weight, preferably 15 to 55% by weight, particularly preferably 25 to 45% by weight of fibers Component b) contains.
  • a special embodiment is a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, containing a) 55 to 75 wt .-% fibers with a fineness in the range of 6.4 to 7.0 dtex and b) 25 to 45% by weight of fibers with a fineness in the range from 1.4 to 2.0 dtex.
  • a very special embodiment is a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, containing a) 55 to 75 wt .-% fibers with a fineness in the range of 6.4 to 7.0 dtex and b) 25 to 45 wt .-% fibers with a Fineness in the range from 1.4 to 2.0 dtex.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers can be subjected to crimping.
  • the crimping is generally carried out before the fibers are cut, e.g. B. on the cables obtained during spinning.
  • Examples of the crimping of man-made cellulosic fibers are contained in US Patents 5,591,388 and 5,60,765, in which a tow of fibers is compressed in a stuffer box and heated with dry steam.
  • a meltbubble process to freeze the fibers, in which the mother liquor is extruded through a series of small-diameter orifices into a high velocity air stream which is generally parallel to the extruded fibers flows. The turbulence in the melt blowing then induces a ripple.
  • the fibers of component b) are preferably subjected to crimping.
  • the fibers of component a) are preferably cut as wet filaments and thus experience natural crimping.
  • An additional Treatment of the fibers of component a) to achieve crimp is preferably not carried out.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers preferably have a length in the range from 10 to 70 millimeters.
  • a special embodiment are regenerated cellulose fibers which have a length in the range from 10 to 70 millimeters.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers according to the invention especially the regenerated cellulose fibers, have a finish.
  • This equipment is intended to optimize the material properties for the intended use. This includes special equipment for modifying the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity properties of the fibers and the wadding and textile articles obtained from them.
  • the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably have a finish on at least part of their surface which is selected in particular from
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably comprises at least one silicone.
  • silicone encompasses very generally low molecular weight, oligomeric and polymeric organosiloxanes. These can be linear, branched or cyclic. They can also be substituted with functional groups and have different flydrophobia / flydrophilia properties.
  • Silicone compounds suitable for finishing are selected, for example, from alkylsiloxanes such as poly (dimethylsiloxanes), alkylarylsiloxanes such as poly (methylphenylsiloxanes), cyclic silicones, silicone compounds modified with amino groups, silicone compounds modified with fatty acid groups, silicone compounds modified with alcohol groups, silicone compounds modified with polyether groups, with polyether groups and Silicone compounds modified with amino groups, silicone compounds modified with epoxy groups, silicone compounds modified with fluoroalkyl groups, with (C2-C3o) -alkyl groups, especially (C6-C22) -alkyl groups, modified silicone compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • alkylsiloxanes such as poly (dimethylsiloxanes), alkylarylsiloxanes such as poly (methylphenylsiloxanes), cyclic silicones, silicone compounds modified with amino groups, silicone compounds modified with fatty acid groups, silicone compounds modified with alcohol groups, silicone compounds modified with polyether groups, with polyether groups and Silicone
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) comprises at least one hydrophilic silicone.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are low molecular weight, oligomeric and polymeric organosiloxanes which carry at least one hydrophilic group. Such compounds are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are silicone compounds modified with amino groups, such as compounds with the name aminopolydimethylsiloxanes (amodimethicones).
  • An example are compounds of the general formula (I) wherein p and q are independently of one another an integer from 0 to 1000, the sum (p + q) being from 1 to 1000, preferably from 5 to 500;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydroxy, Ci-C4-alkyl and Ci-C4-alkoxy.
  • p is preferably 0 to 999.
  • q is preferably 1 to 1000, particularly preferably 1 to 100, especially 1 to 10.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are also silicone compounds modified with amino and ether groups. They consist e.g. B. from a siloxane backbone with pendant and / or terminal polyether groups and with amino groups.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are also polyglycolamino-functional block copolymers.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are also silicone surfactants, especially polyether-modified siloxanes of the dimethicone type, such as bis (polyethylene glycol) dimethicones of the general formula II.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are also ethoxylated and / or propoxylated polydimethylsiloxanes of the general formula II.
  • the radicals R 4 each independently represent alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, d represents an integer from 2 to 1000, e stands for an integer from 2 to 100, f stands for an integer from 2 to 8, and
  • X 1 represents 0 or NR 3 , in which R 3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl.
  • Suitable hydrophilic silicones are also: silicone compounds modified with alcohol groups, silicone compounds modified with epoxy groups, silicone compounds modified with 2- (1-aminoethyl) imidazolidinones.
  • the equipment of the fibers a) and / or the fibers comprising b) at least one alkoxylate of a (C6-C3o) alkanol, more preferably at least one alkoxylate of a (C8-C22) alkanol.
  • Suitable alkanols are, for. B. natural or technically occurring alcohols and alcohol mixtures, e.g. B. fatty alcohols, oxo alcohols, Guerbet alcohols, etc.
  • the alkoxylate groups (Ether groups) can be derived from ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units, 1,2-butylene oxide units, 1,4-butylene oxide units, and combinations thereof.
  • Alkoxylates with two or more than two different alkylene oxide units can have these in a randomly distributed manner or in the form of blocks.
  • the alkoxylate groups are preferably ethylene oxide homopolymers or ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers.
  • Suitable alkoxylates of (C6-C3o) -alkanols are commercially available, e.g. B. as Lutensol® AO brands from BASF SE, which are C13C15 oxo alcohol ethoxylates. These include B. Lutensol® AO 3, 3109, 5, 7,
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably comprises at least one fatty acid.
  • Fatty acids can serve as water repellants. Suitable fatty acids are unbranched or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids with 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Fatty acids with 8 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • the fatty acids are preferably selected from hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid ), Heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), octadecen-9, 12-dienoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecen-9, 12,15-trienoic acid (linolenic acid), octadecen-9-enoic acid (oleic acid), etc.
  • the fatty acids can are used for finishing in the form of their metal salts.
  • Suitable fatty alcohols are unbranched or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated primary alcohols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • the fatty alcohols can come from natural or technical sources and in the form of appropriate mixtures are used.
  • the fatty alcohols are preferably selected from caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, lineacholeyl alcohol, petrolehenyl alcohol, linidyl alcohol, petrolehenyl alcohol, linealoyl alcohol, arroselehenyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, petroselehenyl alcohol, lineaeyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, lineaeyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, lineaeyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, lineaeyl alcohol, arolenyl alcohol, linodyl alcohol, arroselehenyl alcohol
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably comprises at least one mono- and di- (Ci-C3o) -alkyl ester of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
  • these esters include dibutyl succinate, dipropyl succinate, dihexyl succinate, di- (n-octyl) succinate, di (2-ethylhexyl) succinate, dibutyl glutarate, dipropyl glutarate, dihexyl glutarate, di (n-octyl) glutarate, di (2-ethylhexyl) glutarate, dibutyl adipate, dipropyl adipate, dihexyl adipate, di- (n-octyl) adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, dibutyl sebacate, dipropyl sebacate, dihexyl sebac
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably comprises at least one paraffin.
  • the paraffins serve as flydrophobizing agents.
  • they can be used, for example, in the form of an emulsion.
  • the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) have a finish on at least part of their surface which comprises at least one hydrophilic silicone and / or at least one paraffin.
  • the fibers a) and the fibers b) have a finish on at least part of their surface which comprises at least one hydrophilic silicone and at least one paraffin.
  • the finishing of the fibers a) is preferably selected so that it imparts flydrophobia to the fibers.
  • the proportion of fibers a) in the mixture according to the invention of man-made cellulose fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers, leads to advantageous physiological properties for clothing, such as good bulkiness and good air inclusion and thus good thermal insulation.
  • the finishing of the fibers b) is preferably selected in such a way that it gives the fibers essentially no hydrophobicity.
  • the proportion of fibers b) in the mixture according to the invention of man-made cellulose fibers, especially regenerated cellulose fibers, has a very soft textile feel.
  • the finishing of the fibers b) leads to a denser surface and to the retention of the air inclusion.
  • the handle is felt to be pleasantly soft, and the hydrophilic properties, which specifically regenerated cellulose fibers naturally have, are retained.
  • the wadding based on the mixture according to the invention of man-made cellulose fibers, especially based on the mixture according to the invention of regenerated cellulose fibers are distinguished by better moisture management compared to polyester wadding.
  • the aforementioned property profile can be achieved, for example, by one or more of the following measures.
  • the finishing of the fibers a) and / or the fibers b) preferably comprises at least one silicone, especially at least one hydrophilic silicone.
  • the fibers a) are preferably provided with the at least one silicone by spraying. As a result of the spray application, the fibers a) can only be coated on part of their surface with the at least one silicone. In particular, the fibers a) are provided with at least one hydrophilic silicone by spraying.
  • the fibers a) are preferably coated with at least one silicone on at most 50% of their surface, particularly preferably on at most 10% of their surface.
  • the fibers a) are coated on at most 50% of their surface, particularly preferably on at most 10% of their surface, with at least one hydrophilic silicone. In particular, they also have no hydrophobic silicone.
  • the surface of the fibers a) which is not coated with at least one silicone is preferably at least partially coated with at least one paraffin.
  • the fibers b) are preferably provided with the at least one silicone by dipping or padding. By means of this application process, the fibers b) can be coated over their entire surface with the at least one silicone.
  • the surface of the fibers b) is preferably essentially completely coated with at least one silicone, preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight.
  • the surface of the fibers b) is essentially completely coated, preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, with at least one hydrophilic silicone.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers can be dried.
  • the finished fibers for. B. in the form of a cable, are passed through a drying oven.
  • the temperature during drying is preferably 50 to 200.degree. C., particularly preferably 100 to 180.degree.
  • the dried cable or the still wet cable is cut and the cut fibers are dried.
  • Conventional cutting machines can be used for this purpose.
  • Another object of the invention is a fiber composition which contains a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers and fibers different therefrom. With regard to suitable and preferred mixtures of man-made cellulose fibers, reference is made to the previous statements on these mixtures.
  • the invention contains Fiber composition at least one different fiber.
  • the fibers other than man-made cellulose fibers are preferably biodegradable and / or compostable.
  • the fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers are preferably selected from polyester fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, thermoplastic starch fibers, cellulose-containing natural fibers, different fibers of natural polymers, polyesteramide fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • the fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one polyester or consist of at least one polyester.
  • the polyesters are preferably selected from aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic polyesters are preferably selected from polylactic acid (PLA), poly (ethylene succinate) (PES), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (ethylene adipate) (PEA), poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), polyhydroxyacetic acid (PGA), poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate) (PBsu-co-BSe), poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSu-co-bath), poly (tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polypropriolactone (PPL), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and mixtures thereof.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PES poly (ethylene succinate)
  • PBS poly (butylene succinate)
  • PBSA poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene
  • a preferred embodiment is a fiber composition containing a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, and additionally polyester fibers as fibers different therefrom.
  • a special embodiment is a fiber composition containing a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, as defined above and below, and additionally at least one different fiber selected from polylactic acid (PLA), poly (ethylene succinate) (PES), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and mixtures thereof.
  • Plactic acid (PLA) can be produced by direct synthesis, ie polycondensation of lactic acid.
  • the lactic acid used as a starting material is currently mainly produced biotechnologically by fermenting carbohydrates. Starting from starch, glucose can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic acid can be produced from this with the help of lactobacillus cultures.
  • polylactic acid can be made by the ring-opening polymerization of lactide.
  • Polyethylene succinate can be obtained by reacting succinic acid with 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol).
  • Polybutylene succinate can be obtained by reacting succinic acid with 1,4-butanediol.
  • the starting materials succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol
  • the starting materials can be produced both from fossil fuels and from glucose.
  • Polycaprolactone is produced by the ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone.
  • Polypropriolactone is produced by the ring-opening polymerization of propriolactone.
  • the propriolactone used as starting material can be prepared by carbonylation of ethylene oxide.
  • Polyhydroxyacetic acid also called polyglycolic acid (PGA)
  • PGA polyglycolic acid
  • a special embodiment of the aliphatic polyesters are the polyhydroxyalkanoates, such as poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (4-hydroxybutyrate)
  • PHB poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
  • PHBV poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
  • aliphatic-aromatic copolyester denotes a polyester which contains at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid, at least one aliphatic diol and at least one further aliphatic component incorporated.
  • the further aliphatic component is preferably selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, lactones and mixtures thereof.
  • polyesters made from at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid and at least one aliphatic diol such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
  • the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (AAC) are generally biodegradable and / or compostable.
  • the aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters are preferably selected from copolyesters of 1,4-butanediol, terephthalic acid and adipic acid (BTA), copolyesters of 1,4-butanediol, terephthalic acid and succinic acid, copolyesters of 1,4-butanediol, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid , Succinic acid and lactic acid (PBSTIL).
  • PETG polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PEIP polyethylene isophthalate
  • PETG glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate
  • CHDM 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol
  • the fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one polyvinyl alcohol or consist of at least one polyvinyl alcohol.
  • polyvinyl alcohol denotes partially or completely saponified (hydrolyzed) polyvinyl acetates (PVA).
  • Partially saponified polyvinyl acetates are obtained by incomplete flydrolysis of polyvinyl acetates, ie the partly saponified polymer has both ester groups and hydroxyl groups.
  • the saponification of the polyvinyl acetates can be carried out in a manner known per se in an alkaline or acidic medium, ie with the addition of acid or base.
  • the application properties of polyvinyl alcohols are determined, among other things, by the degree of polymerization and the degree of hydrolysis (degree of saponification).
  • a preferred embodiment are polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of saponification of at least 98 mol%.
  • the fibers other than man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one thermoplastic starch or consist of at least one thermoplastic starch.
  • Thermoplastic starch is a thermoplastic biopolymer, for the production of which an essentially anhydrous starch starting material is subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment, e.g. in an extruder.
  • a native starch or a starch derivative with a water content of at most 5% can be homogenized in an extrusion process with a plasticizer that lowers the melting temperature of the starch and melted by adding mechanical energy and heat.
  • Thermoplastic starch is essentially free of crystalline components and does not recrystallize.
  • Suitable plasticizers are, for example, glycerine, glycerine acetate, sorbitol, aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, polyester amides, polyester urethanes, polyalkylene oxides and mixtures thereof.
  • the plasticizer is preferably selected from biodegradable and / or compostable polymers. Specifically, at least one biodegradable and / or compostable polymer is used as plasticizer, selected from aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic aromatic copolyesters, polyester amides and mixtures thereof.
  • the starch material used to produce the thermoplastic starch is preferably selected from native starches, oxidized starches, starch ethers, starch esters, cationically modified starches and mixtures thereof.
  • Oxidized starches have different degrees of oxidation, degrees of degradation and regioselectivities of the oxidation products obtained, depending on the type of oxidizing agent and the oxidation conditions.
  • those with aldehyde functions, such as dialdehyde starch are also among the oxidized starches.
  • the fibers different from the man-made cellulose fibers comprise a polymer mixture (blend) which comprises at least one thermoplastic starch and at least one polymer different therefrom.
  • the polymers different from thermoplastic starch are preferably selected from biodegradable and / or compostable polymers.
  • the polymers different from the thermoplastic starch are preferably selected from polyesters, polyester amides, polyester urethanes, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • a special embodiment is a polymer mixture (blend) which comprises at least one thermoplastic starch and at least one polyester.
  • Preferred polyesters are aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and mixtures thereof.
  • the fibers other than man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one cellulose-containing natural fiber.
  • the cellulose-containing natural fibers are preferably selected from cotton, linen (flax), hemp and mixtures thereof.
  • the fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one natural polymer or consist of at least one natural polymer.
  • the natural polymers are preferably selected from chitin, chitosan, vegetable proteins, keratin and mixtures thereof.
  • Chitin is a polysaccharide made up of acetylglucosamine units (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, GlcNAc). The acetylglucosamine units are linked by ß-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Chitin differs structurally from cellulose in that the hydroxyl groups in the 2-position of the glucopyranose units are replaced by acetamido groups.
  • Chitosan is a naturally occurring polyaminosaccharide, which is derived from chitin through partial or complete deacetylation of the acetamido groups.
  • a special vegetable protein composition suitable for fiber production is soy protein isolate.
  • Keratin is a collective term for various water-insoluble, animal fiber proteins.
  • Preferred keratins suitable for fiber production are wool and silk. Both are made up of fibrous structural proteins or framework proteins (scleroproteins).
  • the fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers preferably comprise at least one polyester amide or consist of at least one polyester amide.
  • Suitable polyester amides are the BAK polyester amides, which are biodegradable and / or compostable.
  • a special design are polyester amides which contain aliphatic ester units and aliphatic amide units incorporated. Thermoplastically processable and biodegradable aliphatic polyester amides are described, for example, in EP 0641817 A2.
  • the fibers different from the man-made cellulose fibers comprise a polymer mixture (blend) of two or more different fibers.
  • the different fibers of the polymer mixture preferably differ in at least one characteristic, selected from their chemical composition, the fineness, a different physicochemical property, the finish or a combination of two or more of these characteristics.
  • Another object of the invention is a fiber composition which contains a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers and at least two different fibers.
  • the at least two fibers different from man-made cellulose fibers are preferably selected from two or more different polyester fibers.
  • the two or more different polyester fibers are particularly preferably selected from polylactic acid (PLA) fibers, poly (ethylene succinate) (PES) fibers, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) fibers, poly (ethylene adipate) (PEA) ) Fibers, poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) fibers, polyhydroxyacetic acid (PGA) fibers, poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate) (PBsu-co-BSe) fibers, poly (butylene - succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSu-co-bath) fibers, poly (tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS) fibers, polycaprolactone (
  • a preferred fiber composition contains a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers and at least one fiber different therefrom, selected from polylactic acid fibers, poly (ethylene succinate) fibers, poly (butylene succinate) fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • a special fiber composition contains a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, polylactic acid fibers and poly (butylene succinate) fibers.
  • the fiber composition according to the invention comprises at least one multicomponent fiber (multicomponent fiber).
  • Suitable multicomponent fibers comprise at least two polymer components.
  • Suitable polymers are selected from the polymer components of the aforementioned man-made cellulose fibers, the polymer components of the fibers different therefrom, and combinations thereof.
  • Multi-component fibers made from two polymer components are preferred.
  • Suitable types of bicomponent fibers are sheath / core fibers, side-by-side fibers, islands-in-the-sea fibers and pieces of cake.
  • a preferred fiber composition contains a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers and at least one multi-component fiber
  • a special fiber composition contains a mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers and at least one multi-component fiber.
  • a preferred bicomponent fiber contains two polymer components selected from two different polyesters.
  • the two different polyesters selected from polylactic acid (PLA), poly (ethylene succinate) (PES), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (ethylene adipate) (PEA), poly (butylene succinate-co- butylene adipate) (PBSA), polyhydroxyacetic acid (PGA), poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate) (PBsu-co-BSe), poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSu-co-bath) , Poly (tetramethylene succinate) (PTMS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polypropriolactone (PPL), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and mixtures thereof .
  • PPA polylactic acid
  • PES poly (ethylene succinate)
  • PBS poly (butylene succinate)
  • a special bicomponent fiber is a PLA / PBS bicomponent fiber, more specifically a PLA / PBS sheath / core bicomponent fiber, even more specifically a PLA / PBS sheath / core bicomponent fiber with PBS sheath and PLA core.
  • the mixture according to the invention of man-made cellulose fibers and especially the mixture according to the invention of regenerated cellulose fibers are advantageously suitable for producing wadding (linings) which can be used as thermally insulating material in various textile articles.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore a thermally insulating wadding, comprising a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above, and at least one binder.
  • the wadding can be produced by known processes.
  • the loose fiber mixture can be aligned into a pile by carding.
  • several layers of pile can be brought together or a single layer of pile, e.g. B. in a compensating stacker, are stacked.
  • chemical, thermal and / or mechanical bonding to form a nonwoven can take place.
  • the fibers are preferably subjected to bonding with a binder.
  • the binder can be applied to the fibers by customary methods, such as spraying, dipping, padding, etc. According to a preferred embodiment, the binder is applied by spraying. Following the application of the binder, drying and / or curing can take place, e.g. B. at elevated temperature.
  • the thermally insulating wadding according to the invention has the at least one binder preferably in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the wadding.
  • the binder used to produce the wadding according to the invention is preferably selected from binders of the acrylate, styrene acrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, butadiene-acrylate, SBR, NBR and / or polyurethane type.
  • a self-crosslinking butyl / ethyl acrylate polymer is preferably used as the binder.
  • the wadding according to the invention is distinguished by very good thermal insulation and a very good moisture balance.
  • a wadding of 70 g / m 2 preferably has one
  • a wadding of 100 g / m 2 preferably has one
  • a wadding of 150 g / m 2 preferably has one
  • a wadding of 100 g / m 2 preferably has a water vapor transmission resistance Ret measured according to DIN EN ISO 11092: 2014-12 A at 35 ° C. and 40% relative humidity of at most 19.7 m 2 Pa / W.
  • a wadding of 100 g / m 2 preferably has a water vapor absorption capacity Fi measured at 35 ° C. and 40% relative humidity of at least 4.0, preferably of at least 4.5.
  • a wadding of 100 g / m 2 preferably has a buffering effect of water vapor Fd at 35 ° C. and 40% relative humidity of at least 1.2, preferably of at least 1.5.
  • the wadding according to the invention is biodegradable.
  • the wadding according to the invention is also correspondingly well compostable, which is shown specifically in composting tests.
  • the inventive wadding based on regenerated cellulose fibers clearly meets the requirements of EN 13432, DIN EN ISO 11721-2: 2003 and EN ISO 846 for compostability, according to which products are at least 90% within a maximum of 90 days in an industrial composting plant. must be decomposable.
  • the wadding according to the invention had essentially completely decomposed after just 57 days.
  • the wadding according to the invention can be subjected to at least one further treatment by a chemical process and / or physical (mechanical and / or thermal) process.
  • This treatment is preferably selected from spray application of a binder material, needle treatment (needling), addition of thermoplastic binding fibers to the fiber mixture, sandwich structuring of the wadding, treatment with a textile additive to modify the flydrophilicity / flydrophobicity properties and combinations thereof.
  • the fiber webs used for forming the wadding can be subjected to chemical consolidation by bonding with a binding agent during and / or after the pile formation.
  • binders of the acrylate, styrene acrylate Ethylene-vinyl acetate, butadiene-acrylate, SBR, NBR and / or polyurethane type can be found in US-A-5,366,801, WO-A-02 / 12,607, WO-A-02 / 59,414 and WO-A-02 / 95,314.
  • WO97 / 31036 A1 describes formaldehyde-free, aqueous binders which are suitable for consolidating fiber webs containing
  • nonwovens raw materials, manufacture, application, properties, testing, 2nd completely revised edition (2012), chapter 6.1 needling process, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co . KGaA, Weinheim).
  • the aim of needling is to turn a voluminous, soft fleece into a thinner and firm surface structure, a needle-punched fleece.
  • the webs usually leave the web forming machines horizontally on driven belts and are fed to the needling machine via another belt and roller system.
  • the conversion of the voluminous fiber fleece into a firm needle felt is accompanied by dimensional changes, such as thickness reduction, change in length and / or change in width.
  • binding fibers denotes thermoplastic, synthetic fibers which, compared to other fibers present in the fiber mixture, are either fusible at all or have a melting point at least 1 ° C. lower than the other thermoplastic fibers contained in the fiber mixture.
  • the binding fibers preferably have a melting point which is at least 5 ° C., particularly preferably at least 10 ° C. lower than the other fibers contained in the fiber mixture.
  • Bicomponent binding fibers consist of two different polymers, the melting point of one polymer preferably being at least 5 ° C., particularly preferably at least 10 ° C. higher than that of a second polymer also present in the fibers. These polymers are preferably in the form of a core / shell structure, the material of the core having the higher melting point and the material of the shell having the lower melting point. "Side by Side” fibers or fibers of the "Sea Island type" are also suitable. Bicomponent binding fibers with a core / sheath structure are preferably used, for example bicomponent fibers in which the sheath is made of polyethylene and the core is made of Made of polypropylene.
  • a sandwich structure is understood to mean that the wadding comprises at least two nonwoven layers.
  • the sandwich-structured fleece material can preferably consist of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 layers.
  • a nonwoven material built up from layers can also be regarded as a nonwoven composite.
  • the individual layers can have the same structure or two layers can differ from one another in at least one physical and / or chemical property. This includes, for example, the type of Fibers, in the case of fiber blends their composition, the fineness of the fibers, etc.
  • a sandwich structure according to the invention has at least three layers, the outer layers consisting of man-made cellulose fibers and the inner layer consisting of fibers different therefrom.
  • both outer layers preferably consist of Lyocell fibers.
  • the inner layer preferably consists of biodegradable and / or compostable fibers other than Lyocell fibers.
  • the inner layer comprises or consists of polyester fibers, in particular polylactic acid fibers.
  • the wadding according to the invention can be subjected to a treatment with a textile additive to modify the flydrophilicity / flydrophobia properties.
  • Suitable textile additives are, for example, the compounds described above for finishing the man-made cellulose fibers.
  • Another object of the invention is a textile article comprising at least one mixture of man-made cellulose fibers, as defined above, or a thermally insulating wadding, as defined above.
  • a special embodiment is a textile article comprising at least one mixture of regenerated cellulose fibers, as defined above.
  • the textile article is preferably selected from articles of clothing. This specifically includes outerwear, functional sportswear, outdoor clothing, light sports jackets, walking jackets, ski jackets, ski pants, children's clothing, workwear, uniforms, shoes and gloves. Furthermore, the textile articles can be sleeping bags.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a mixture of man-made cellulose fibers or a fiber composition or a thermally insulating wadding, in each case as defined above, for thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers, fiber compositions and wadding according to the invention are advantageously suitable for thermal insulation, for example for insulation systems for use in the construction industry, e.g. for insulating ceilings, roofs, floors, walls and other building surfaces. They are also suitable for insulating various building materials, such as pipes, roller shutter boxes and window profiles, technical systems such as heating systems, or household appliances.
  • the man-made cellulose fibers, fiber compositions and wadding according to the invention are also advantageously suitable for acoustic insulation, for example of buildings, automobiles, technical systems, household appliances, etc.
  • the acoustic insulation can be based on sound proofing or a sound absorption (English acoustic treatment) are based.
  • Sound insulation With sound insulation, the propagation of sound is hindered by placing an obstacle in the way of the propagating sound wave front, the surface of which is designed in such a way that sound waves are reflected particularly well. Sound insulation is used to acoustically isolate rooms from unwanted noise from neighboring rooms or from outside.
  • the sound energy is reduced by partially converting or absorbing it into another form of energy (e.g. heat). This leads to a targeted change in the room sound, less reverberation and better room acoustics.
  • the principle of sound absorption is often used to reduce noise, whereby the sound waves come into contact with structured and / or porous surfaces.
  • EP 3375602 A1 describes sound-absorbing textile composites, comprising a) an open-pored carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers with a titer of 3 to 17 dtex and fine staple fibers with a titer of 0.3 to 2.9 dtex, and b) a flow layer arranged on the carrier layer , comprising a microporous foam layer. These composites are used specifically for sound absorption in the automotive sector. Reference is made here to the acoustic isolation options described in this document.
  • wadding based on a Lyocell fiber mixture was used, based on the Total weight contained 1/3 fibers with a fineness of 1.7 dtex and a cut length of 58 millimeters and 2/3 fibers with a fineness of 6.7 dtex and a cut length of 60 millimeters.
  • the first fiber was hydrophilic and had a soft textile feel, while the second fiber was hydrophobic.
  • the short-term water vapor absorption capacity Fi in g / m 2 is determined in connection with the measurement of the water vapor transmission resistance Ret according to the "sweating" lull model. For this purpose, the samples are conditioned for 24 hours at 35 ° C. and 40% relative humidity and their "dry weight" Gt is determined. After a measurement period of 1 hour, during to which they are exposed to a constant stream of steam, the samples are weighed again and their "wet weight" Gf is determined. The short-term water vapor absorption capacity Fi results from the difference between "wet weight" Gf and dry weight Gt.
  • the wearing condition of the clothing is recorded, in which the wearer is already sweating, but the sweat still evaporates within the sweat channels of the calm, so that in the microclimate of the clothing there is an increased partial pressure of water vapor, but not yet liquid sweat.
  • Drying time of the sweat-soaked textile on the skin model When the textile dries off after a certain period of time, the heat insulation increases again and finally, as soon as all the moisture has escaped from the textile, reaches the initial value Rct of the dry textile surface, like this with the skin model according to DIN EN ISO 11092: 2014-12 A is determined.
  • the time between the minimum thermal insulation (Rct * ) and the achievement of the original thermal insulation of the dry textile Rct is expressed as the drying time D t in minutes.
  • the wadding according to the invention has better moisture management. It can store sweat in the form of water vapor in the fiber and prevents moisture build-up between the fluff and the textile. The sensation of sweating occurs much more slowly.
  • test objects were cut into squares (10 cm ⁇ 10 cm) and preconditioned in a standard climate. Each specimen was weighed before being buried. The test specimens were moistened and each square is buried separately in a test container with microbially active soil (test soil) and incubated at constant temperature (23 ⁇ 5 ° C). The microbiological activity of the test soil was ensured by means of control fabric strips made of 100% cotton (CO). The test items were removed and cleaned after 22 days, 43 days and 57 days of incubation. The degradability of the test items was determined by the loss of mass. At the last excavation time, the cress test was carried out with the soil surrounding the test object for the ecotoxicological investigation. Result: The test item showed a mass loss of 63.2% after 43 days of incubation and a mass loss of 100% after 57 days of incubation. The sample was completely degraded within 57 days.
  • the quality of the test soil was assessed in the cress test according to OECD 208: 2006 at the last excavation time.
  • the germination rate of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) from 40 seeds was recorded by the number of seedlings in comparison to the control batch.
  • the cress biomass formed was determined after 7 days of incubation in the control or test soil. The soil without the buried sample served as a negative control.
  • a nonwoven based on a fiber mixture which contained 80% by weight Lyocell fibers and 20% by weight sheath / core bicomponent fibers with poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) as the sheath and polylactic acid (PLA ) contained as the core.
  • the Lyocell fibers were a fiber mixture according to the invention which, based on the total weight, contained 1/3 fibers with a fineness of 1.7 dtex and a cut length of 58 millimeters and 2/3 fibers with a fineness of 6.7 dtex and a cut length of 60 Contained millimeters.
  • the biodegradation test was carried out based on DIN EN ISO 11721-2: 2003 and EN ISO 846.
  • the test item was a lyocell fleece according to the invention of 100 g / m 2 .
  • test soil microbially active soil
  • CO 100% cotton
  • the quality of the test soil from example V) was assessed in the cress test according to OECD 208: 2006 at the last excavation time.
  • the germination rate of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) from 40 seeds was recorded by the number of seedlings in comparison to the control batch.
  • the cress biomass formed was determined after 7 days of incubation in the control or test soil.
  • the soil without the buried sample served as a negative control.
  • Result The analyzed test soil of the test object after 23 weeks of incubation did not influence the germination rate and the formation of the biomass in the test with garden cress (Lepidium sativum).
  • the acute earthworm toxicity test according to OECD 207 showed no effect on mortality after 7 days. The test was passed.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un mélange de fibres de fibres de cellulose artificielles, une composition fibreuse, contenant ledit mélange de fibres et des fibres différentes de cellles-ci, un rembourrage, contenant ledit mélange de fibres ou ladite composition de fibres, et un article textile, contenant ledit mélange de fibres ou ladite composition de fibres ou ledit rembourrage. L'invention concerne en outre l'utilisation du mélange de fibres de fibres de cellulose artificielles pour produire un article textile, en particulier pour l'isolation thermique de vêtements, et en général pour l'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique.
PCT/EP2020/074016 2019-09-04 2020-08-27 Mélange de fibres de fibres de cellulose artificielles et son utilisation WO2021043669A1 (fr)

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EP4245910A1 (fr) * 2022-03-14 2023-09-20 Carl Freudenberg KG Structure plane fixable thermiquement comprenant une masse adhésive biodégradable
EP4345134A1 (fr) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Matiere de moulage
EP4345133A1 (fr) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Matiere de moulage

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EP4245910A1 (fr) * 2022-03-14 2023-09-20 Carl Freudenberg KG Structure plane fixable thermiquement comprenant une masse adhésive biodégradable
EP4345134A1 (fr) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Matiere de moulage
EP4345133A1 (fr) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-03 Seiko Epson Corporation Matiere de moulage

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