WO2021035766A1

WO2021035766A1 - Novel garage

Info

Publication number: WO2021035766A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/103975
Authority: WO
Inventors: 曹文杰
Original assignee: 曹文杰
Priority date: 2019-08-28
Filing date: 2019-09-02
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: CN209891788U

Abstract

A novel garage, the garage comprising a garage body (000), a first reserved position of a plane of the garage body (000) being provided with parking spaces, a second reserved position of the plane of the garage body (000) being provided with vehicle path and pedestrian path places, and a third reserved position (001) of the plane of the garage body (000) being provided with an air duct mounting position used to mount an air duct (1), an orthographic projection of the third reserved position (001) onto a floor of the garage body (000) being offset from the first reserved position and the second reserved position. Using the present novel garage causes an air duct (1) mounted in the garage to not occupy or to occupy less garage floor height, and decreasing garage floor height compresses garage volume, which can greatly increase land utilization, and can save costs, conserve land used, save energy and conserve resources.

Description

A new type of garage

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of garages, in particular to a new type of garage.

Background technique

At present, the scarcity of land resources has become increasingly obvious, and the problem of parking difficulties has become increasingly prominent. The problems of parking spaces and land resources have caused many social and economic conflicts. A better technology and method are needed to solve this outstanding problem.

Traditionally, under the condition of reasonable use of space, garages are mostly affected by the equipment pipe network, especially the air duct. A higher floor height is required as the space for the equipment pipe network, and some of the higher floor heights are not sufficient. Utilization, resulting in low land utilization and high cost.

In addition, the air ducts with mechanical ventilation are arranged on the roof of the garage, and the size is generally large. The staggered arrangement with other pipelines affects the appearance, resulting in poor experience and quality. In addition, the air duct is arranged on the ceiling and is affected by the season and temperature to form condensed water, which will drip on the user and the vehicle, which is not easy to clean. At the same time, under the air duct of a conventional garage is generally a parking space or a pedestrian space for cars and pedestrians. The air duct is hung on the floor, there is a risk of falling off and hitting vehicles and personnel, and there is a safety hazard.

In view of the above reasons, it is necessary to propose a new garage.

Utility model content

The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a new type of garage, which aims to solve the problem that the air duct in the existing garage occupies the floor height of the garage itself and affects the overall floor height utilization rate of the garage.

In order to achieve the above objective, the utility model provides a new type of garage, the garage includes a garage body, a first reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided with a parking space, and a second reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided There are parking spaces and pedestrian spaces. The third reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided with an air duct installation position for installing air ducts. The third reserved position is located at the orthographic projection position and the position of the garage body on the ground. The first retention position and the second retention position are staggered.

Preferably, the fourth reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided with an equipment installation position other than the air duct, and the third reserved position is staggered from the fourth reserved position.

Preferably, a ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipe is connected to either side of the air duct.

Preferably, the garage is a multi-storey garage, and the first reserved position of the upper garage ground of the multi-storey garage is provided with a parking space; the second reserved position of the upper garage ground of the multi-storey garage is provided with a car lane and a pedestrian The third reserved position on the top surface of the upper garage of the multi-storey garage is arranged with an air duct installation position for installing air ducts; wherein, the third reserved position is at the orthographic position of the garage floor and the first The first reserved position and the second reserved position are staggered; a vertical air shaft is arranged under the air pipe, which is used to use the vertical air shaft as a ventilation and smoke exhaust device of the lower garage.

Preferably, the garage is a multi-layer garage, and the air ducts between the garages of each layer are designed to pass through each other to form a ventilation and smoke exhaust duct with all floors.

Preferably, the air duct includes a variable cross-section air duct, which is used to meet the requirements of ventilation and smoke discharge at different locations.

Preferably, the third preset area is arranged with a spare structural installation position in the orthographic projection area of the garage ground for setting storage space and/or water collection well and/or equipment pipe network and/or charging pile.

Preferably, a partition device is installed on one or both sides of the parking space close to the air duct installation position, for separating the air duct and the parking space when the distance between the air duct and the garage body floor is less than a preset value. Separate.

Preferably, the partition device is a railing or a fence.

Preferably, the preset value ranges from 0 mm to 5000 mm.

The novel garage of the present invention includes a garage body, a first reserved position of the plane of the garage body is provided with a parking space, a second reserved position of the plane of the garage body is provided with a car row and a pedestrian position, and the plane of the garage body is provided with a parking space. The third reserved position is provided with an air duct installation position for installing the air duct, wherein the third reserved position is the orthographic position of the garage body ground and the first reserved position and the second reserved position stagger. By adopting the new type garage of the utility model, the air duct installed in the garage does not occupy or occupy the height of the garage. By reducing the height of the garage and reducing the volume of the garage, the utilization rate of the land can be greatly improved, and the cost, land and energy can be saved. Environmental protection and resource saving.

Description of the drawings

The accompanying drawings are used as a part of the utility model to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the utility model are used to explain the utility model, but do not constitute an improper limitation of the utility model. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the attached picture:

Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a B-B sectional view of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a C-C cross-sectional view of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of the second embodiment of the utility model

Figure 6 is a D-D cross-sectional view of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is an E-E cross-sectional view of Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a F-F cross-sectional view of Figure 7

Figure 9 is a schematic plan view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a G-G cross-sectional view of Figure 9

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the air duct of the present invention provided with a ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipe;

In the picture: 000, garage; 001, the third reserved location; 1. air duct; 101, variable cross-section air duct; 2. air shaft; 3. ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipe; 4. all-height ventilation and smoke exhaust pipes .

The realization of the purpose, functional characteristics and advantages of the utility model will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

detailed description

The technical problems solved by the embodiments of the present utility model, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved are described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other equivalent or obviously modified embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention can be embodied in many different ways defined and covered in the claims.

It should be noted that in the following description, in order to facilitate understanding, many specific details are given. However, it is obvious that the implementation of the present invention may not have these specific details.

It should be noted that the various embodiments of the present invention and their technical features can be combined with each other to form a technical solution under the condition that there is no clear limitation or conflict.

The garage includes a garage body 000, a first reserved position (not marked) on the plane of the garage body 000 is provided with a parking space, and a second reserved position (not marked) on the plane of the garage body 000 is provided with a car and Pedestrian position, the third reserved position 001 on the plane of the garage body 000 is provided with an air duct installation position for installing the air duct 1, wherein the third reserved position 001 is at the orthographic position of the garage body 000 ground The first retention position and the second retention position are staggered.

The novel garage of the embodiment of the utility model can be a single-storey garage or a multi-storey garage. Whether it is a single-storey garage or a multi-storey garage, the use of the new garage of the utility model makes the air duct installed in the garage not occupy or occupy the height of the garage. , By reducing the height of the garage and reducing the volume of the garage, it can greatly improve the land utilization rate, save costs, save land, save energy and environmental protection, and save resources. The new garage using the utility model can also reduce the staggered arrangement of the equipment pipe network, reduce the influence of the ventilation pipe network on the appearance of the garage, improve the quality of the garage, increase the efficiency of pipe installation, reduce the installation cost, and facilitate the maintenance of the pipe network; It is better to prevent the air duct from falling and hitting people and vehicles, which has better safety; the passage of vehicles and people is basically not affected during the maintenance of the air duct.

Specifically, in conjunction with Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 11, the first reserved position is set on the ground of the garage body 000, the first reserved position can be set as needed, for example, refer to the figure As shown in 1, multiple rows and rows of parking spaces arranged in parallel are arranged in parallel in the center area of the garage ground, or the garage space is fully utilized, and parking spaces are set up near the wall. The specific setting method is not limited here. The second reserved position is set on the ground of the garage main body 000, and the second reserved position is used to set the car and pedestrian spaces for pedestrians and vehicles to pass. The car and pedestrian spaces are also rationally designed according to needs. The third reserved position 001 is arranged on the top surface of the garage body 000. According to the convention, the air duct is generally installed on the top surface of the garage body 000. However, the embodiment of the present utility model is different in that the position of the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the garage body 000 in the embodiment of the present utility model is staggered from the first reserved position and the second reserved position. It should be noted that the staggering of the third reserved position 001 from the first reserved position and the second reserved position in the embodiment of the present utility model refers to: the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the garage body 000 and There is no overlapping part between the first reserved position, and there is no overlapping part between the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the garage body 000 and the second reserved position.

The reason why the utility model adopts the position of the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the single-storey garage is staggered from the first reserved position and the second reserved position, mainly because the position where the air duct is installed and the parking space The position of the air duct is staggered, so that the installation height of the air duct does not occupy the floor height of the garage itself. Even if the air duct has a certain height, it will not be in a vertical position with the parking space and the pedestrian and vehicle area due to its installation position. On the surface, it is necessary to increase the overall height of the garage. In addition, the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the single-storey garage is also staggered with the second reserved position. This design makes the air duct installation position not a pedestrian area or a driving area, which can improve the wind on the one hand. The utilization rate of the area under the pipe installation position, for example, storage space can be arranged in the area under the air pipe installation position for storage; water collection wells, equipment pipe networks, equipment valves, etc. can be arranged as equipment space to improve the quality of the garage; Place charging piles, etc.; on the other hand, the pedestrian area or driving area is avoided under the air duct installation position, which is beneficial to improve the safety of pedestrians and driving, and will not cause personnel or vehicles to fall due to the fall of the air duct parts. damage.

It should be noted that the installation of the air duct and other structures described in the present invention is no different from the conventional installation of the air duct or the conventional installation of the corresponding structure.

In another preferred embodiment, the fourth reserved position on the top surface of the garage body 000 is also arranged with equipment installation positions other than the air duct, and the third reserved position 001 is staggered from the fourth reserved position . The staggering of the third retention position 001 and the fourth retention position described here also refers to the part that does not overlap between the third retention position and the fourth retention position. Under normal circumstances, equipment such as power grid bridges and fire sprinklers will be installed on the top of the garage. Therefore, the fourth reserved position on the top of the garage body 000 is to arrange other equipment installation positions except for the air duct. The fourth reserved position is staggered with the third reserved position 001, so that the installation position of the air duct is avoided from the installation position of other equipment, and the height of the installation position of the air duct will not be increased.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in conjunction with Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11, the garage is a multi-storey garage, and the upper garage body of the multi-storey garage is on the ground. The first reserved position is provided with a parking space; the second reserved position on the ground of the upper garage body 000 of the multi-storey garage is provided with vehicle and pedestrian spaces; the third reserved position on the top surface of the upper garage body of the multi-storey garage 000 The position 001 is provided with an air duct installation position for installing the air duct; wherein the orthographic position of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the garage body 000 is staggered from the first reserved position and the second reserved position; A vertical air shaft 2 is arranged under the air pipe, which is used to use the vertical air shaft 2 as a ventilation and smoke exhaust device of the lower garage. The upper garage can be understood to be the garages of the other floors of the multi-storey garage except the bottom garage. For example, when the multi-storey garage is a three-storey garage, the upper garage may be the first garage or the second garage. Garage, of which the third floor garage is the lowest floor.

When the garage is a multi-storey garage, you can choose to arrange the parking spaces, car rows and pedestrian spaces, and duct installation positions in the upper garage of the multi-storey garage in the same way as the single-storey garage. However, you can further arrange the vertical under the duct. The air shaft 2 can be used as a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for the garage on the next floor.

Of course, when the garage is a multi-storey garage, the parking spaces, car rows and pedestrian spaces, and duct installation positions can be arranged in the manner of a single-storey garage on each level. In addition, the installation of air ducts between each level of garages is They are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other.

Of course, in another embodiment, the air ducts between the multi-storey garages intersect each other to form the ventilation and smoke exhaust ducts 4 with the height of each layer, refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. It is understandable that when the air ducts between the garages of each storey form an interpenetrating structure, the arrangement of the air ducts between the upper and lower garages is the same as the installation positions of parking spaces, pedestrian and vehicle passages, and other equipment. It is staggered.

It is understandable that the installation of air ducts 1 at different positions can be designed according to needs. For example, according to the different requirements of ventilation and smoke discharge at different positions, the variable cross-section air duct 101 can be used to meet the requirements of ventilation and smoke discharge at different positions. , The cross-section is large in places where the amount of smoke is large, and the cross-section is small in small places.

Further, according to the demand for smoke exhaust, a ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipe 3 can be connected to any side of the air duct 1. Referring to FIG. 11, it can be installed on both sides or one side of the air duct. Through the installation of three ventilation and smoke exhaust pipes, the efficiency of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the garage is enhanced.

As a preferred embodiment, in order to effectively use the space, the air duct 1 of the present invention is generally set in a cross-sectional form with a relatively large height and width, so as to make full use of the height of the garage, thereby reducing the area of the garage occupied by the air duct. Specifically, the aspect ratio of the air duct is set to 0.2-10 in the embodiment of the present invention.

It should be noted that in the above-mentioned embodiment, the height of the air duct 1 is set according to needs, wherein the height of the air duct 1 is not greater than the net height of the garage body 000.

In addition, a partition device is installed on one side or both sides of the parking space close to the air duct installation position for separating the air duct and the parking space when the spatial distance between the air duct and the garage body floor is less than a preset value. Separate. If the space under the duct 1 is lower than the preset value, for example, when the clear height of the garage is set to 2200mm, the preset value is 2200mm at this time, that is, when the space under the duct 1 is lower than 2200, the A partition device is arranged below the air duct 1, specifically below the air duct, and at one end of the parking space close to the air duct. The separating device includes a railing or a fence to realize the effect or function of separation. Of course, the preset value can also be set to 2750mm, and the clear height of the garage is set to 2750mm at this time. The preset value is set according to the net height of the garage. When the space under the air duct is lower than the net height of the garage, a partition device is arranged under the air duct. The partition device can effectively solve the problem that when the height of the air duct is too high, its installation may affect the vehicles in the parking space, and effectively prevent the air duct from affecting the vehicles or pedestrians in the parking space.

Based on the above-mentioned new type garage, a new type of garage design method is also proposed. The design method is applied to the garage, and the method includes:

S1: Set up a parking space at the first reserved position on the 000 plane of the garage body;

S2: Set up a car and pedestrian space at the second reserved position on the 000 plane of the garage body;

S3: Arrange the air duct installation position at the third reserved position 001 on the plane of the garage body 000 for installing the air duct 1;

Wherein, the orthographic projection position of the third retention position 001 on the ground is staggered from the first retention position and the second retention position.

The design method of the new type garage of the embodiment of the utility model can be applied to single-storey garages and multi-storey garages. By adopting the design method of this utility model, whether it is a single-storey garage or a multi-storey garage, the air duct installed in the garage body 000 is not Occupy or reduce the height of the garage, and reduce the volume of the garage by reducing the height of the garage, which can greatly improve the land utilization rate, save costs, save land, save energy and environmental protection, and save resources. The design of the utility model can also reduce the staggered arrangement of the equipment pipe network, reduce the influence of the ventilation pipe network on the appearance of the garage, improve the quality of the garage, increase the efficiency of pipe installation, reduce the installation cost, and facilitate the maintenance of the pipe network; It is safer to prevent the wind pipe from falling and hitting people and vehicles, and the passage of vehicles and people is basically not affected during the maintenance of the wind pipe.

With reference to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 11, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a single-storey garage is taken as an example for description, and a parking space is set at the first reserved position on the ground of the single-storey garage The first reserved position can be set as needed. For example, as shown in Figure 1, multiple rows and rows of parallel parking spaces are arranged in the center area of the garage ground, or the garage space can be fully utilized, and the positions close to the wall can be used. There are no restrictions on the setting of parking spaces. The second reserved position on the ground of the single-storey garage is set up with car and pedestrian spaces, and the car and pedestrian spaces are also rationally designed according to needs. In addition, an air duct installation position is arranged at the third reserved position 001 on the top surface of the single-storey garage for installing the air duct 1, wherein the third reserved position is at the position of the orthographic projection on the ground of the single-storey garage and the first The first retention position and the second retention position are staggered. The reason why the utility model adopts the position of the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the single-storey garage to be staggered with the first reserved position and the second reserved position is mainly due to the difference between the position where the air duct is installed and the parking space The positions are staggered, so that the installation height of the air duct 1 does not occupy the floor height of the garage itself. Even if the air duct 1 has a certain height, it will not be in the same vertical position as the parking space, pedestrian and vehicle area. It is necessary to increase the overall height of the garage when facing straight. In addition, the orthographic projection of the third reserved position 001 on the ground of the single-storey garage is also staggered with the second reserved position. This design makes the air duct installation position not a pedestrian area or a driving area, which can improve the wind on the one hand. The utilization rate of the area under the pipe installation position, for example, storage space can be arranged in the area under the air pipe installation position for storage; water collection wells, equipment pipe networks, equipment valves, etc. can be arranged as equipment space to improve the quality of the garage; Place charging piles, etc.; on the other hand, the pedestrian area or driving area is avoided under the air duct installation position, which is beneficial to improve the safety of pedestrians and driving, and will not cause personnel or vehicles to fall due to the fall of the air duct parts. damage.

In another preferred embodiment, the fourth reserved position on the top surface of the garage is also provided with equipment installation positions other than the air duct 1, and the third reserved position is staggered from the fourth reserved position. Under normal circumstances, equipment such as power grid bridges and fire sprinklers will be installed on the top of the garage. Therefore, the fourth reserved position on the top of the garage is arranged for other equipment installation positions except for air ducts, and the fourth reserved The setting position is staggered with the third setting position, so that the installation position of the air duct is avoided from the installation position of other equipment, and the height of the installation position of the air duct will not be increased.

Further, the ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipes 3 can be connected to any side of the air duct according to the demand for smoke extraction. Referring to FIG. 11, it can be installed on both sides or one side of the air duct. Through the installation of three ventilation and smoke exhaust pipes, the efficiency of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the garage is enhanced.

In addition, in another embodiment, in conjunction with Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 11, a multi-storey garage is taken as an example for description. The S1 is the first on the ground of the upper garage body of the multi-storey garage. Set parking spaces in reserved locations;

Said S2 is to set a vehicle and pedestrian space at the second reserved position on the ground of the upper garage body of the multi-storey garage;

The S3 is to arrange the air duct installation position at the third reserved position 001 on the top surface of the upper garage body of the multi-storey garage for installing the air duct 1; the method further includes:

S4, a vertical air shaft 2 is arranged below the air pipe, and the vertical air shaft 2 is used as a ventilation and smoke exhaust device of the lower garage.

When applied to a multi-storey garage, you can choose to arrange the parking spaces, car rows and pedestrian spaces, and duct installation positions in the upper garage of the multi-storey garage in the same way as the single-storey garage, but further can be under the duct Arrange a vertical air shaft, which can be used as a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for the garage on the next floor.

Of course, for a multi-storey garage, another design method can be selected in other embodiments, and the air ducts can be designed in the following ways in each garage of the multi-storey garage:

S1: Set up a parking space at the first reserved position on the ground of the garage body;

S2, set up a vehicle and pedestrian space at the second reserved position on the ground of the garage body;

S3: Arrange the air duct installation position at the third reserved position on the top surface of the garage body for installing the air duct;

Wherein, the orthographic projection position of the third retention position on the ground is staggered from the first retention position and the second retention position.

In addition, the installation of the air ducts between the garages on each floor is independent of each other and does not interfere with each other.

Of course, in another embodiment, the air ducts between the garages of each storey can also be designed to pass through each other to form the ventilation and smoke exhaust ducts 4 of each storey height, refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. It is understandable that when the air ducts between the garages of each storey form an interpenetrating structure, the arrangement of the air ducts between the upper and lower garages is the same as the installation positions of parking spaces, pedestrian and vehicle passages, and other equipment. It is staggered.

It is understandable that the installation of air ducts at different positions can be designed according to needs. For example, according to the different requirements of ventilation and smoke discharge at different positions, the variable cross-section air duct 101 can be used to meet the requirements of ventilation and smoke discharge at different positions. The area where the amount of smoke is large has a large cross-section, and the small area has a small cross-section.

As a preferred embodiment, in order to effectively use the space, the air duct of the present invention is generally set in a cross-sectional form with a relatively large height and width, so as to make full use of the height of the garage, thereby reducing the area of the garage occupied by the air duct. Specifically, the aspect ratio of the air duct is set to 0.2-10 in the embodiment of the present invention.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the utility model, and do not limit the patent scope of the utility model. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by the content of the utility model description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related In the same way, all the technical fields are included in the scope of patent protection of this utility model.

Claims

A new type of garage, characterized in that the garage includes a garage body, the first reserved position of the garage body plane is provided with a parking space, and the second reserved position of the garage body plane is provided with a car row and a pedestrian space. , The third reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided with an air duct installation position for installing the air duct, wherein the third reserved position is at the orthographic position of the garage body ground and the first reserved position Staggered from the second retention position.
The new type garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the fourth reserved position on the plane of the garage body is provided with equipment installation positions other than the air duct, and the third reserved position is similar to the fourth reserved position. The position is staggered.
The new type garage according to claim 1, wherein any side of the air duct is connected with a ventilation and smoke exhaust branch pipe.
The new type garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the garage is a multi-storey garage, and the first reserved position of the upper garage ground of the multi-storey garage is provided with a parking space; the multi-storey garage The second reserved position on the ground of the upper garage of the garage is provided with car and pedestrian spaces; the third reserved position on the top surface of the upper garage of the multi-storey garage is equipped with air duct installation positions for installing air ducts; wherein, the The orthographic projection position of the third reserved position on the garage floor is staggered from the first reserved position and the second reserved position; a vertical air shaft is arranged under the air duct for making the vertical air shaft serve as Ventilation and smoke extraction device in the lower garage.
The new type garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the garage is a multi-storey garage, and the air ducts between the garages of each layer are designed to pass through each other to form a ventilation and smoke exhaust duct with all floors. .
The new type garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air duct includes a variable cross-section air duct, which is used to meet the requirements of ventilation and smoke exhaust in different locations.
The new type garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the third preset area is provided with a spare structural installation position in the orthographic projection area of the garage floor for setting storage space and/or water collection well And/or equipment pipe network and/or charging pile.
The new type garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, a partition device is installed on one or both sides of the parking space close to the air duct installation position for connecting the air duct to the garage. Separate the air duct and the parking space when the space distance between the body and the ground is less than the preset value.
The new type garage according to claim 8, wherein the partition device is a railing or a fence.
The new type garage according to claim 8, wherein the preset value ranges from 0 mm to 5000 mm.