WO2021017336A1 - 一种机器人机械手夹取结构 - Google Patents

一种机器人机械手夹取结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017336A1
WO2021017336A1 PCT/CN2019/120851 CN2019120851W WO2021017336A1 WO 2021017336 A1 WO2021017336 A1 WO 2021017336A1 CN 2019120851 W CN2019120851 W CN 2019120851W WO 2021017336 A1 WO2021017336 A1 WO 2021017336A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chuck
block
turntable
shaft
sliding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/120851
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈虹
袁凯
Original Assignee
南京昱晟机器人科技有限公司
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Application filed by 南京昱晟机器人科技有限公司 filed Critical 南京昱晟机器人科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021017336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017336A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/02Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated
    • B25J15/0206Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/08Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
    • B25J15/10Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to a gripping structure of a robot manipulator.
  • manipulators have been used more and more in production.
  • the size of existing manipulators is often fixed, and the position of the manipulator claws of the manipulator cannot be adjusted, and only a certain size can be clamped.
  • the mechanical claws need to be opened at a large angle to grasp the workpiece. Because the mechanical claws are opened at an excessively large angle, the clamping is easy to be unstable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a robot manipulator gripping structure to solve the problem that the size of the existing manipulator proposed in the background art is often fixed, and the position of the manipulator claws of the manipulator cannot be adjusted, and only a certain size can be gripped.
  • the mechanical claws need to be opened at a large angle to grasp the workpiece. Because the mechanical claws are opened at an excessively large angle, the clamping is easy to be unstable.
  • a robot manipulator gripping structure comprising a housing, a mounting seat fixedly mounted on the housing, and a mechanical claw mounted on the housing, the top of the housing is fixed
  • a motor is installed, a chuck, a turntable, and a chuck seat are installed inside the housing, the turntable is rotatably installed between the chuck and the chuck seat, and a card that can slide outward is slidably installed on the chuck Block
  • a sliding block is slidably mounted on the clamping block
  • a first rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the sliding block
  • the top end of the mechanical claw is rotatably mounted with the first rotating shaft
  • the center of the chuck is fixedly mounted with a bracket
  • a sliding plate is slidably mounted on the outside of the bracket, a support bar is rotatably mounted on the outside of the sliding plate, and the end of the support bar away from the sliding plate is rotatably mounted on the inside of the mechanical claw
  • the chuck is provided with three chuck grooves penetrating the chuck, a chuck is slidably installed inside the chuck, and a clamping strip is fixedly provided on the inner side wall of the chuck.
  • the middle part is provided with a first installation hole, and a hollow installation shaft is integrally provided in the middle part of one side of the chuck close to the turntable.
  • an Archimedes spiral groove is opened on one side of the turntable close to the chuck, a first bevel gear is opened on the other side of the turntable, and a second mounting hole is opened in the center of the turntable.
  • the outer side of the turntable is provided with a radially arranged semi-cylindrical adjusting hole, an adjusting shaft is rotatably installed in the adjusting hole, and a second bevel gear matching the first bevel gear is opened on the adjusting shaft.
  • the center of the chuck seat is provided with a third mounting hole, and the side where the chuck contacts the turntable is provided with radially distributed semi-cylindrical adjustment holes.
  • a hollow structure bracket is fixedly installed inside the mounting shaft, and the bracket extends to the outside of the chuck, the side wall of the bracket is provided with evenly distributed clamping grooves, and the first wire is rotatably installed inside the bracket.
  • a sliding plate is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the first screw rod, and a limit block matching the slot is arranged on the outer side of the sliding plate.
  • the first screw rod is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor.
  • the rear side of the clamping block is provided with a gear groove
  • two side surfaces of the clamping block are provided with a clamping strip chute matching the clamping strip
  • a side away from the gear groove is provided with a clamping strip chute
  • a parallel T-shaped slide and a second screw rod is rotatably installed inside the T-shaped slide.
  • the side of the slider close to the clamping block is provided with a T-shaped slider, and the second screw rod penetrates the T-shaped slider and is rotatably connected with the T-shaped slider.
  • the support bar is placed obliquely downward, the support bar includes two half support bars that are clamped to each other, the two half support bars are sleeved with a support sleeve, and the middle of the support sleeve is rotatably installed
  • There is a rotating shaft the opposite end faces of the two semi-supporting bars are provided with support blocks in the same body, the inner side of the two support blocks and the outer side of the rotating shaft are fixedly provided with gears, and the ends of the support blocks are provided with stoppers in the same body .
  • the contact surface of the support sleeve and the rotating shaft is provided with a placing groove
  • the outer side of the rotating shaft is provided with a fixing groove
  • an L-shaped clamping block is slidably placed inside the placing groove.
  • a spring is fixedly installed between the bottom of the cavity of the groove.
  • a robot manipulator gripping structure its use method is:
  • the Archimedes spiral groove on the turntable will slide the block along the block groove, thereby changing the radius of the circle formed by the block, and then further changing the position of the upper slider, thereby changing the top of the mechanical claw the distance between;
  • the second screw rod By adjusting the second screw rod, the second screw rod will move the T-shaped slider along the T-shaped slide, so that the position of the single slider can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the top of the single mechanical claw;
  • the mechanical claws can be placed above the workpiece to be grasped.
  • the motor will drive the first screw to rotate, and the first screw will make The sliding plate moves up and down to realize the grasping and placing of the workpiece; when the sliding plate moves down, the mechanical claw opens, and when the sliding plate moves upward, the mechanical claw closes to realize the grasping of the workpiece;
  • the turntable can move the clamping block to slide along the clamping block slot, thereby changing the radius of the circle formed by the clamping block, and then further changing the position of the upper sliding block, thereby changing the distance between the tops of the mechanical claws, thereby Adjust the radius of the circle formed between the three blocks 14.
  • the second screw rod will take the T-shaped slider to move along the T-shaped slide, so that the position of the single slider can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the top of the single mechanical claw.
  • the gear of the shaft will be The support block slides inside the support sleeve, thereby changing the length of the support bar, thereby changing the distance between the lower ends of the mechanical claws.
  • the opening angle of the mechanical claw is always in a triangular pyramid structure with a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom, so as to facilitate the clamping of the workpiece.
  • the triangular pyramid formed by the mechanical claw has a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom view of the chuck of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the chuck, turntable and chuck seat of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the turntable of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in Fig. 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of the housing of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of the bracket of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the card block of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the card block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support bar of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the front support bar of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a side sectional view of the present invention.
  • the position of the manipulator claws of the manipulator cannot be adjusted, and only a certain size of the workpiece can be clamped.
  • the mechanical claw needs to be opened greatly
  • the workpiece can only be grasped at an angle of 90°, and the gripping is easy to be unstable due to the excessive opening angle of the mechanical claw.
  • the present invention provides a gripping structure for a robot manipulator.
  • this embodiment provides a gripping structure for a robot manipulator, including a housing 1, a mounting seat 2 fixedly mounted on the housing 1, and a mechanical claw 8 mounted on the housing 1, wherein,
  • the mounting seat 2 is provided with threading holes and bolt holes for installation.
  • the top of the housing 1 is fixedly mounted with a motor 3, which is a servo motor, and a chuck 9 and a turntable 10 are installed inside the housing 1 And the chuck seat 11, the turntable 10 is rotatably installed between the chuck 9 and the chuck seat 11, wherein the chuck 9 is fixedly installed with the housing 1, and the turntable 10 is rotatably installed with the housing 1, so that the turntable 10 can be installed in the housing
  • the inside of the body 1 rotates, the chuck seat 11 and the housing 1 are fixedly connected by bolts, the chuck 9 is slidably mounted with a clamping block 14 that can slide outward, and a slider 15 is slidably mounted on the clamping block 14.
  • a first rotating shaft 151 is rotatably mounted on the slider 15, the top end of the mechanical pawl 8 is rotatably mounted with the first rotating shaft 151, the center of the chuck 9 is fixedly mounted with a bracket 4, and the outside of the bracket 4 is slidably mounted There is a sliding plate 12, the outer side of the sliding plate 12 is rotatably installed with a support bar 5, the end of the support bar 5 away from the sliding plate 12 and the inner side of the mechanical claw 8 are rotatably installed, the mechanical claw 8 is located below the supporting bar 5
  • a ring-shaped upper rail 7 is partially fixedly installed, and the rail 7 plays a role of shielding and limiting the workpiece to prevent the clamped workpiece from affecting and interfering with the bracket 4.
  • the chuck 9 is provided with three chuck grooves 91 penetrating the chuck 9, the inside of the chuck groove 91 is slidably installed with the chuck 14, the inner side wall of the chuck groove 91 is fixedly provided with a chuck strip 93, so A first mounting hole 92 is opened in the middle of the chuck 9, and a hollow mounting shaft 94 is integrally provided in the middle of the side of the chuck 9 close to the turntable 10.
  • the turntable 10 is provided with an Archimedes spiral groove 101 on one side close to the chuck 9, the other side of the turntable 10 is provided with a first bevel gear 105, and the center of the turntable 10 is provided with a second mounting hole 102.
  • the outer side of the turntable 10 is provided with a radially arranged semi-cylindrical adjusting hole 103, the adjusting shaft 104 is rotatably installed inside the adjusting hole 103, and the outer end surface of the adjusting shaft 104 is provided with inner four-corner adjusting grooves. It is convenient to use a tool to rotate the adjusting shaft 104, and the adjusting shaft 104 is provided with a second bevel gear 106 matching the first bevel gear 105.
  • the center of the chuck seat 11 is provided with a third mounting hole 111, and the side where the chuck 11 contacts the turntable 10 is provided with radially distributed semi-cylindrical adjustment holes 103.
  • the second mounting hole 102 and the third mounting hole 111 are matched with the mounting shaft 94, the second mounting hole 102 and the third mounting hole 111 are mounted on the outside of the mounting shaft 94, and the second mounting hole 102 is rotatably mounted with the mounting shaft 94,
  • the end of the mounting shaft 94 away from the chuck 9 is provided with a threaded hole.
  • the third mounting hole 111 of the chuck seat 11 is provided with a baffle with the same wall thickness as the mounting shaft 94, and a bolt hole is provided on the baffle.
  • the end surface of 94, the baffle inside the third mounting hole 111 and the housing 1 are fixed by bolts.
  • a bracket 4 with a hollow structure is fixedly installed inside the mounting shaft 94, and the bracket 4 extends to the outside of the chuck 9, and the side wall of the bracket 4 is provided with evenly distributed clamping slots 6, and the bracket 4 is installed in rotation
  • a sliding disk 12 is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the first screw rod 13
  • the outer side of the sliding disk 12 is integrally provided with a limit block 121 that matches the slot 6 and the limit block 121 Used in conjunction with the slot 6 to prevent the sliding plate from rotating with the first screw rod 13.
  • the sliding plate 12 can move axially along the first screw rod 13 under the drive of the first screw rod 13.
  • 13 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor 3
  • a gear groove 144 is formed on the rear side of the block 14, and the gear groove 144 matches the Archimedes spiral groove 101.
  • the second bevel gear 106 drives the first bevel gear 105, so that the turntable 10 rotates; on the turntable 10
  • the Archimedean spiral groove 101 will bring the block 14 to slide along the block groove 91, thereby changing the radius of the circle formed by the block 14, and then further changing the position of the slider 15 on the 14 to change the mechanical
  • the distance between the tops of the claws 8 is adjusted to adjust the radius of the circle formed between the three blocks 14 and then combined with the size of the workpiece, so that the opening angle of the mechanical claw 8 is always in the triangular pyramid structure with a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom.
  • the two sides of the clamping block 14 are provided with a clamping strip chute 143 that matches the clamping strip 93, and one that is far away from the gear groove 144
  • the side opening is provided with a T-shaped slide 141 parallel to the clip chute 143.
  • the inside of the T-shaped slide 141 is rotatably installed with a second screw rod 142, and the top of the second screw rod 142 is provided with an inner hexagon for adjustment.
  • Bolt hole; the side of the slider 15 close to the block 14 is provided with a T-shaped slider 152, the T-shaped slider 152 and the T-shaped slide 141 are matched, and the T-shaped slider 152 and the T-shaped slide 141 can be
  • the slider 15 is prevented from following the rotation of the second screw rod 142 to limit the position of the slider 15, and the second screw rod 142 penetrates the T-shaped slider 152 and is rotatably connected with the T-shaped slider 152, the second screw 142
  • the rotation of the slider 15 can move up and down, so as to adjust the position of a single slider 15.
  • the support bar 5 is placed obliquely downwards.
  • the support bar 5 includes two half support bars 54 that are clamped to each other.
  • the two half support bars 4 are sleeved with a support sleeve 51.
  • the middle part is rotatably installed with a rotating shaft 55.
  • the outside of the rotating shaft 55 is provided with a rotating groove for rotation.
  • the opposite end faces of the two half support bars 54 are provided with a supporting block 543 in the same body.
  • the inner side of the two supporting blocks 543 and the rotating shaft Gears 542 are fixed on the outer side of 55, and the end of the support block 543 is integrally provided with a stopper 541.
  • the stopper 541 acts as a limit stop and can prevent the half support bar 54 from falling off the shaft 55 during the movement. .
  • the contact surface of the support sleeve 51 and the rotating shaft 55 is provided with a placing groove 53.
  • the outer side of the rotating shaft 55 is provided with a fixing groove 52.
  • the fixing grooves 52 are evenly distributed on the outer edge of the rotating shaft 55.
  • L-shaped clamping block 531, L-shaped clamping block 531 plays a role in fixing the rotating shaft 55 to prevent rotation of the rotating shaft 55.
  • a spring 532 is fixedly installed between the bottom of the L-shaped clamping block 531 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the placing groove 53.
  • the opening size of the mechanical pawl 8 can be adjusted as a whole.
  • the second bevel gear 106 drives the first bevel gear 105, so that the turntable 10 rotates;
  • the Archimedes spiral groove 101 will bring the clamping block 14 to slide along the clamping block groove 91, thereby changing the radius of the circle formed by the clamping block 14, and then further changing the position of the slider 15 on the 14 to change the mechanical claw 8
  • the distance between the tops of the three blocks 14 is adjusted to adjust the radius of the circle formed between the three blocks 14 and then combined with the size of the workpiece, so that the opening angle of the mechanical claw 8 is always in a triangular pyramid structure with a large opening at the top and a small opening at the bottom.
  • the second screw rod 142 After the preliminary adjustment is completed, according to the shape of the workpiece, by adjusting the second screw rod 142, the second screw rod 142 will move the T-shaped slider 152 along the T-shaped slide 141, so that the position of the single slider 15 can be adjusted. Thus, the position of the top of the single mechanical pawl 8 is adjusted.
  • the gear 542 of the shaft 55 will slide the support block 543 inside the support sleeve 51, thereby changing the length of the support bar 5, thereby changing the mechanical pawl 8
  • the distance between the lower ends can adjust the size of the mechanical claw 8 to facilitate the holding of the workpiece, which can prevent the problem of unstable grasping due to the excessive opening of the lower end of the mechanical claw 8, making the grasping more stable; adjust the machine After the distance between the claws 8, the mechanical claws can be placed above the workpiece to be grasped.
  • the motor 3 By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 3, the motor 3 will drive the first screw 13 to rotate, and the first screw 13 will make
  • the sliding plate 12 moves up and down to realize the grasping and placing of the workpiece; when the sliding plate 12 moves down, the mechanical claw 8 is opened, and when the sliding plate 12 moves upward, the mechanical claw 8 is closed to realize the grasping of the workpiece .
  • the upper and lower ends of the mechanical claw 8 can be adjusted separately.
  • the end faces of the mechanical claw 8 can be in the same plane to facilitate the clamping of irregular workpieces and prevent the occurrence of mechanical claws. 8 one end adjustment makes the end face of the mechanical claw 8 not in the same plane affect the clamping of the workpiece.

Abstract

一种机器人机械手夹取结构,包括壳体(1)和装在壳体(1)上的机械爪(8),壳体(1)的顶部固定安装有电机(3),壳体(1)的内部安装有卡盘(9)、转盘(10)和卡盘座(11),卡盘(9)上滑动安装有可向外侧滑动的卡块(14),卡块(14)上滑动安装有滑块(15),滑块(15)上转动安装有第一转轴(151),机械爪(8)的顶端与第一转轴(151)转动安装,卡盘(9)的中心固定安装有支架(4),支架(4)的外侧滑动安装有滑动盘(12),滑动盘(12)的外侧转动安装有支撑条(5),支撑条(5)远离滑动盘(12)的一端与机械爪(8)的内侧转动安装。该夹取结构便于对机械爪(8)进行调节,同时可以使得机械爪(8)的张开角度始终处于上方开口大下方开口小的三棱锥结构,对工件抓取更加稳定牢固。

Description

一种机器人机械手夹取结构 技术领域
本发明涉及机器人技术领域,具体为一种机器人机械手夹取结构。
背景技术
随着工业化和智能化的发展,机械手在生产中得到了越来越多的应用,现有的机械手的大小往往都是固定的,无法对机械手的机械爪进行位置调节,只能夹取一定大小的工件,而遇到比较大的工件时,机械爪需要张开很大的角度才能抓取工件,由于机械爪张开角度过大就容易夹持不稳的问题。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种机器人机械手夹取结构,以解决上述背景技术中提出的现有的机械手的大小往往都是固定的,无法对机械手的机械爪进行位置调节,只能夹取一定大小的工件,而遇到比较大的工件时,机械爪需要张开很大的角度才能抓取工件,由于机械爪张开角度过大就容易夹持不稳的问题。
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种机器人机械手夹取结构,包括壳体、固定安装在壳体上的安装座和安装在壳体上的机械爪,所述壳体的顶部固定安装有电机,所述壳体的内部安装有卡盘、转盘和卡盘座,所述转盘转动安装在卡盘与卡盘座之间,所述卡盘上滑动安装有可向外侧滑动的卡块,所述卡块上滑动安装有滑块,所述滑块上转动安装有第一转轴,所述机械爪的顶端与第一转轴转动安装,所述卡盘的中心固定安装有支架,所述支架的外侧滑动安装有滑动盘,所述滑动盘的外侧转动安装有支撑条,所述支撑条远离滑动盘的一端与机械爪 的内侧转动安装,所述机械爪位于支撑条下方的部分固定安装有环状上档条。
优选的,所述卡盘上开设有三个贯穿卡盘的卡块槽,所述卡块槽内部滑动安装有卡块,所述卡块槽的内侧壁固定设置有卡条,所述卡盘的中部开设有第一安装孔,所述卡盘靠近转盘的一侧中部同体设置有中空的安装轴。
优选的,所述转盘的靠近卡盘的一侧开设有阿基米德螺旋槽,所述转盘的另一侧开设有第一锥齿轮,所述转盘的中心开设有第二安装孔,所述转盘的外侧开设有径向布置的半圆柱形的调节孔,所述调节孔内部转动安装有调节轴,所述调节轴上开设有与第一锥齿轮相匹配的第二锥齿轮。
优选的,所述卡盘座的中心开设有第三安装孔,且卡盘与转盘接触的一侧开设有径向分布的半圆柱形的调节孔。
优选的,所述安装轴内部固定安装有中空结构的支架,且支架延伸到卡盘的外侧,所述支架的侧壁开设有均匀分布的卡槽,所述支架的内部转动安装有第一丝杆,所述第一丝杆的外侧转动安装有滑动盘,且所述滑动盘的外侧同体设置有与卡槽相匹配的限位块,所述第一丝杆与电机的输出轴固定连接。
优选的,所述卡块的后侧开设有齿轮槽,所述卡块的两侧面开设有与卡条相匹配的卡条滑槽,远离所述齿轮槽的一侧开设有与卡条滑槽相平行的T型滑道,所述T型滑道的内部转动安装有第二丝杆。
优选的,所述滑块靠近卡块的一侧同体设置有T型滑块,且第二丝杆贯穿T型滑块并与T型滑块转动连接。
优选的,所述支撑条向下倾斜放置,所述支撑条的包括两个互相卡接的半支撑条,两个所述半支撑条的套接有支撑套,所述支撑套的中部转动安装有转轴,两个所述半支撑条相对的端面一侧同体设置有支撑块,两个所述支撑块的内侧和转轴的外侧均固定设置有齿轮,且支撑块的端部同体设置有挡块。
优选的,所述支撑套与转轴的接触面开设有放置槽,所述转轴的外侧开设有固定槽,所述放置槽内部滑动放置有L型卡块,所述L型卡块的底部与放置槽内腔底部之间固定安装有弹簧。
一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其使用方法为:
S1.将安装座安装在相应机器人手臂上,然后通过转动调节轴,使得第二锥齿轮带动第一锥齿轮,从而使得转盘转动;
S2.转盘上的阿基米德螺旋槽会带着卡块沿着卡块槽滑动,从而改变卡块形成的圆的半径,然后会进一步改变上的滑块的位置,从而可以改变机械爪顶部之间的距离;
S3.通过调节第二丝杆,第二丝杆会带着T型滑块沿着T型滑道移动,从而可以调节单个滑块的位置,从而就调节了单个机械爪顶部的位置;
S4.通过转动转轴,转轴的齿轮会带着支撑块在支撑套下端之间的距离;
S5.调节好机械爪之间的距离之后,便可以将机械爪放在需要抓取的工件的上方,通过控制电机的正反转,电机会带动第一丝杆转动,第一丝杆会使得滑动盘上下移动,从而实现对工件的抓取和放置;当滑动盘向下移动时,机械爪张开,当滑动盘向上移动时,机械爪闭合,实现对工件的抓取;
S6.将工件抓取到预定位置时,电机带动第一丝杆,使得滑动盘向下移动,机械爪张开,即可松开工件,从而完成抓取过程
有益效果
1.本发明,转盘可以动卡块沿着卡块槽滑动,从而改变卡块形成的圆的半径,然后会进一步改变上的滑块的位置,从而可以改变机械爪顶部之间的距离,从而调整三个卡块14之间形成的圆的半径。
2. 第二丝杆会带着T型滑块沿着T型滑道移动,从而可以调节单个滑块的位置,从而就调节了单个机械爪顶部的位置,通过转动转轴,转轴的齿轮会带着支撑块在支撑套内部滑动,从而改变支撑条的长度,从而就改变了机械爪下端之间的距离。
3.在调整过程中,使得机械爪的张开角度始终处于上方开口大下方开口小的三棱锥结构,以便于对工件的夹取,由于机械爪形成的三棱锥是上方开口大下方开口小的,抓取更加牢固,同时倾斜的机械爪的内侧对工件施加一个斜向上的力,对工件存在一定的托举作用,使得抓取更加牢固。
附图说明
图1为本发明外部结构示意图;
图2为本发明内部结构示意图;
图3为本发明卡盘的仰视图;
图4为本发明卡盘、转盘和卡盘座爆炸图;
图5为本发明转盘结构示意图;
图6为本发明图4中A处结构放大图;
图7为本发明壳体剖视图;
图8为本发明支架剖视图;
图9为本发明卡块结构示意图;
图10为本发明卡块剖视图;
图11为本发明支撑条结构示意图;
图12为本发明正面支撑条剖视图;
图13为本发明侧面剖视图。
图中:1、壳体;2、安装座;3、电机; 4、支架; 5、支撑条;51、支撑套;52、固定槽;53、放置槽;531、L型卡块;532、弹簧;54、半支撑条;541、挡块;542、齿轮;543、支撑块;55、转轴;6、卡槽;7、档条; 8、机械爪;9、卡盘;91、卡块槽;92、第一安装孔;93、卡条;94、安装轴;10、转盘;101、阿基米德螺旋槽;102、第二安装孔;103、调节孔;104、调节轴;105、第一锥齿轮;106、第二锥齿轮;11、卡盘座;111、三安装孔;12、滑动盘;121、限位块;13、第一丝杆;14、卡块;141、 T型滑道;142、第二丝杆;143、卡条滑槽;144、齿轮槽; 15、滑块;151、第一转轴;152、T型滑块。
本发明的实施方式
为了解决在现有的机械手的大小往往都是固定的,无法对机械手的机械爪进行位置调节,只能夹取一定大小的工件,而遇到比较大的工件时,机械爪需要张开很大的角度才能抓取工件,由于机械爪张开角度过大就容易夹持不稳的问题,本发明提供了一种机器人机械手夹取结构。下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1-7,本实施例提供了一种机器人机械手夹取结构,包括壳体1、固定安装在壳体1上的安装座2和安装在壳体1上的机械爪8,其中,安装座2上开设有穿线孔和用于安装的螺栓孔,所述壳体1的顶部固定安装有电机3,电机3为伺服电机,所述壳体1的内部安装有卡盘9、转盘10和卡盘座11,所述转盘10转动安装在卡盘9与卡盘座11之间,其中卡盘9与壳体1固定安装,转盘10与壳体1转动安装,使得转盘10可以在壳体1 的内部转动,卡盘座11与壳体1通过螺栓固定连接,所述卡盘9上滑动安装有可向外侧滑动的卡块14,所述卡块14上滑动安装有滑块15,所述滑块15上转动安装有第一转轴151,所述机械爪8的顶端与第一转轴151转动安装,所述卡盘9的中心固定安装有支架4,所述支架4的外侧滑动安装有滑动盘12,所述滑动盘12的外侧转动安装有支撑条5,所述支撑条5远离滑动盘12的一端与机械爪 8的内侧转动安装,所述机械爪8位于支撑条5下方的部分固定安装有环状上档条7,档条7对工件起到遮挡和限位的作用,防止夹取的工件对支架4造成影响和干涉。
所述卡盘9上开设有三个贯穿卡盘9的卡块槽91,所述卡块槽91内部滑动安装有卡块14,所述卡块槽91的内侧壁固定设置有卡条93,所述卡盘9的中部开设有第一安装孔92,所述卡盘9靠近转盘10的一侧中部同体设置有中空的安装轴94。
所述转盘10的靠近卡盘9的一侧开设有阿基米德螺旋槽101,所述转盘10的另一侧开设有第一锥齿轮105,所述转盘10的中心开设有第二安装孔102,所述转盘10的外侧开设有径向布置的半圆柱形的调节孔103,所述调节孔103内部转动安装有调节轴104,调节轴104的外侧端面开设有内四角调节凹槽,可以便于使用工具转动调节轴104,所述调节轴104上开设有与第一锥齿轮105相匹配的第二锥齿轮106。
所述卡盘座11的中心开设有第三安装孔111,且卡盘11与转盘10接触的一侧开设有径向分布的半圆柱形的调节孔103。
第二安装孔102和第三安装孔111均与安装轴94相匹配,第二安装孔102和第三安装孔111安装在安装轴94的外侧,第二安装孔102与安装轴94转动安装,安装轴94远离卡盘9的一端开设有螺纹孔,卡盘座11的第三安装孔111内设置有与安装轴94的壁厚相同的挡板,且挡板上设置有螺栓孔,安装轴94的端面、第三安装孔111内部的挡板和壳体1之间通过螺栓固定。
所述安装轴94内部固定安装有中空结构的支架4,且支架4延伸到卡盘9的外侧,所述支架4的侧壁开设有均匀分布的卡槽6,所述支架4的内部转动安装有第一丝杆13,所述第一丝杆13的外侧转动安装有滑动盘12,且所述滑动盘12的外侧同体设置有与卡槽6相匹配的限位块121,限位块121和卡槽6的配合使用,可以防止滑动盘跟随第一丝杆13转动,滑动盘12在第一丝杆13的带动下可以沿着第一丝杆13轴向运动,所述第一丝杆13与电机3的输出轴固定连接,所述卡块14的后侧开设有齿轮槽144,齿轮槽144与阿基米德螺旋槽101相匹配。
在使用时,首先将安装座2安装在相应机器人手臂上,针对不同大小的工件,通过转动调节轴104,使得第二锥齿轮106带动第一锥齿轮105,从而使得转盘10转动;转盘10上的阿基米德螺旋槽101会带着卡块14沿着卡块槽91滑动,从而改变卡块14形成的圆的半径,然后会进一步改变14上的滑块15的位置,从而可以改变机械爪8顶部之间的距离,从而调整三个卡块14之间形成的圆的半径,然后结合工件尺寸的大小,使得机械爪8的张开角度始终处于上方开口大下方开口小的三棱锥结构,便于对工件的加持,可以防止由于机械爪8的下端开口过大导致抓取不稳的问题出现,使得抓取更加稳定;调节好机械爪8之间的距离之后,便可以将机械爪放在需要抓取的工件的上方,通过控制电机3的正反转,电机3会带动第一丝杆13转动,第一丝杆13会使得滑动盘12上下移动,从而实现对工件的抓取和放置;当滑动盘12向下移动时,机械爪8张开,当滑动盘12向上移动时,机械爪8闭合,实现对工件的抓取;将工件抓取到预定位置时,电机3带动第一丝杆13,使得滑动盘12向下移动,机械爪8张开,即可松开工件,从而完成抓取过程。
实施例2
请参阅图7-13,在实施例1的基础上做了进一步改进:所述卡块14的两侧面开设有与卡条93相匹配的卡条滑槽143,远离所述齿轮槽144的一侧开设有与卡条滑槽143相平行的T型滑道141,所述T型滑道141的内部转动安装有第二丝杆142,第二丝杆142的顶部开设有用于调节的内六角螺栓孔;所述滑块15靠近卡块14的一侧同体设置有T型滑块152,T型滑块152与T型滑道141相匹配,T型滑块152与T型滑道141可以防止滑块15跟随第二丝杆142转动,对滑块15起到限位的作用,且第二丝杆142贯穿T型滑块152并与T型滑块152转动连接,第二丝杆142的转动可以带着滑块15上下移动,从而实现对单个滑块15的位置的调节。
所述支撑条5向下倾斜放置,所述支撑条5的包括两个互相卡接的半支撑条54,两个所述半支撑条4的套接有支撑套51,所述支撑套51的中部转动安装有转轴55,转轴55的外侧开设有用于转动的旋转槽,两个所述半支撑条54相对的端面一侧同体设置有支撑块543,两个所述支撑块543的内侧和转轴55的外侧均固定设置有齿轮542,且支撑块543的端部同体设置有挡块541,挡块541起到限位的作用,可以防止半支撑条54在移动的过程中与转轴55发生脱落。
所述支撑套51与转轴55的接触面开设有放置槽53,所述转轴55的外侧开设有固定槽52,固定槽52均匀分布在转轴55的外侧边缘,所述放置槽53内部滑动放置有L型卡块531,L型卡块531对转轴55起到固定的作用,防止转轴55转动,所述L型卡块531的底部与放置槽53内腔底部之间固定安装有弹簧532,当需要转动转轴55时,需要将L型卡块531与固定槽52分离,即可解除对转轴55的固定,可以利用工具对转轴55进行旋转。
当夹取形状不规则的工件时,可以先整体调节机械爪8的开口大小,通过转动调节轴104,使得第二锥齿轮106带动第一锥齿轮105,从而使得转盘10转动;转盘10上的阿基米德螺旋槽101会带着卡块14沿着卡块槽91滑动,从而改变卡块14形成的圆的半径,然后会进一步改变14上的滑块15的位置,从而可以改变机械爪8顶部之间的距离,从而调整三个卡块14之间形成的圆的半径,然后结合工件尺寸的大小,使得机械爪8的张开角度始终处于上方开口大下方开口小的三棱锥结构,初步调整结束之后,针对工件的形状,通过调节第二丝杆142,第二丝杆142会带着T型滑块152沿着T型滑道141移动,从而可以调节单个滑块15的位置,从而就调节了单个机械爪8顶部的位置,通过转动转轴55,转轴55的齿轮542会带着支撑块543在支撑套51内部滑动,从而改变支撑条5的长度,从而就改变了机械爪8下端之间的距离,从而调整好机械爪8的大小,便于对工件的加持,可以防止由于机械爪8的下端开口过大导致抓取不稳的问题出现,使得抓取更加稳定;调节好机械爪8之间的距离之后,便可以将机械爪放在需要抓取的工件的上方,通过控制电机3的正反转,电机3会带动第一丝杆13转动,第一丝杆13会使得滑动盘12上下移动,从而实现对工件的抓取和放置;当滑动盘12向下移动时,机械爪8张开,当滑动盘12向上移动时,机械爪8闭合,实现对工件的抓取。
其中,机械爪8的上端和下端可以分别调节,当夹取形状不规则的工件时,可以使得机械爪8的端面处于同一平面内,以方便对不规则工件的夹取,防止出现由于机械爪8一端调节使得机械爪8的端面不在同一平面内影响对工件的夹取。
本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“竖直”、“上”、“下”、“水平”等指示的方位或者位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或者位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或者暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位,以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或者暗示相对重要性。
本发明的描述中,还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限制,术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接,可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接,可以是直接连接,也可以是通过中间媒介相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种机器人机械手夹取结构,包括壳体(1)、固定安装在壳体(1)上的安装座(2)和安装在壳体(1)上的机械爪(8),其特征在于:所述壳体(1)的顶部固定安装有电机(3),所述壳体(1)的内部安装有卡盘(9)、转盘(10)和卡盘座(11),所述转盘(10)转动安装在卡盘(9)与卡盘座(11)之间,所述卡盘(9)上滑动安装有可向外侧滑动的卡块(14),所述卡块(14)上滑动安装有滑块(15),所述滑块(15)上转动安装有第一转轴(151),所述机械爪(8)的顶端与第一转轴(151)转动安装,所述卡盘(9)的中心固定安装有支架(4),所述支架(4)的外侧滑动安装有滑动盘(12),所述滑动盘(12)的外侧转动安装有支撑条(5),所述支撑条(5)远离滑动盘(12)的一端与机械爪 (8)的内侧转动安装,所述机械爪(8)位于支撑条(5)下方的部分固定安装有环状上档条(7)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述卡盘(9)上开设有三个贯穿卡盘(9)的卡块槽(91),所述卡块槽(91)内部滑动安装有卡块(14),所述卡块槽(91)的内侧壁固定设置有卡条(93),所述卡盘(9)的中部开设有第一安装孔(92),所述卡盘(9)靠近转盘(10)的一侧中部同体设置有中空的安装轴(94)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述转盘(10)的靠近卡盘(9)的一侧开设有阿基米德螺旋槽(101),所述转盘(10)的另一侧开设有第一锥齿轮(105),所述转盘(10)的中心开设有第二安装孔(102),所述转盘(10)的外侧开设有径向布置的半圆柱形的调节孔(103),所述调节孔(103)内部转动安装有调节轴(104),所述调节轴(104)上开设有与第一锥齿轮(105)相匹配的第二锥齿轮(106)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述卡盘座(11)的中心开设有第三安装孔(111),且卡盘(11)与转盘(10)接触的一侧开设有径向分布的半圆柱形的调节孔(103)。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述安装轴(94)内部固定安装有中空结构的支架(4),且支架(4)延伸到卡盘(9)的外侧,所述支架(4)的侧壁开设有均匀分布的卡槽(6),所述支架(4)的内部转动安装有第一丝杆(13),所述第一丝杆(13)的外侧转动安装有滑动盘(12),且所述滑动盘(12)的外侧同体设置有与卡槽(6)相匹配的限位块(121),所述第一丝杆(13)与电机(3)的输出轴固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述卡块(14)的后侧开设有齿轮槽(144),所述卡块(14)的两侧面开设有与卡条(93)相匹配的卡条滑槽(143),远离所述齿轮槽(144)的一侧开设有与卡条滑槽(143)相平行的T型滑道(141),所述T型滑道(141)的内部转动安装有第二丝杆(142)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述滑块(15)靠近卡块(14)的一侧同体设置有T型滑块(152),且第二丝杆(142)贯穿T型滑块(152)并与T型滑块(152)转动连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述支撑条(5)向下倾斜放置,所述支撑条(5)的包括两个互相卡接的半支撑条(54),两个所述半支撑条(4)的套接有支撑套(51),所述支撑套(51)的中部转动安装有转轴(55),两个所述半支撑条(54)相对的端面一侧同体设置有支撑块(543),两个所述支撑块(543)的内侧和转轴(55)的外侧均固定设置有齿轮(542),且支撑块(543)的端部同体设置有挡块(541)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其特征在于:所述支撑套(51)与转轴(55)的接触面开设有放置槽(53),所述转轴(55)的外侧开设有固定槽(52),所述放置槽(53)内部滑动放置有L型卡块(531),所述L型卡块(531)的底部与放置槽(53)内腔底部之间固定安装有弹簧(532)。
  10. 根据上述的一种机器人机械手夹取结构,其使用方法为:
    S1.将安装座(2)安装在相应机器人手臂上,然后通过转动调节轴(104),使得第二锥齿轮(106)带动第一锥齿轮(105),从而使得转盘(10)转动;
    S2.转盘(10)上的阿基米德螺旋槽(101)会带着卡块(14)沿着卡块槽(91)滑动,从而改变卡块(14)形成的圆的半径,然后会进一步改变(14)上的滑块(15)的位置,从而可以改变机械爪(8)顶部之间的距离;
    S3.通过调节第二丝杆(142),第二丝杆(142)会带着T型滑块(152)沿着T型滑道(141)移动,从而可以调节单个滑块(15)的位置,从而就调节了单个机械爪(8)顶部的位置;
    S4.通过转动转轴(55),转轴(55)的齿轮(542)会带着支撑块(543)在支撑套(51)内部滑动,从而改变支撑条5的长度,从而就改变了机械爪(8)下端之间的距离;
    S5.调节好机械爪(8)之间的距离之后,便可以将机械爪放在需要抓取的工件的上方,通过控制电机(3)的正反转,电机(3)会带动第一丝杆(13)转动,第一丝杆(13)会使得滑动盘(12)上下移动,从而实现对工件的抓取和放置;当滑动盘(12)向下移动时,机械爪(8)张开,当滑动盘(12)向上移动时,机械爪(8)闭合,实现对工件的抓取;
    S6.将工件抓取到预定位置时,电机(3)带动第一丝杆(13),使得滑动盘(12)向下移动,机械爪(8)张开,即可松开工件,从而完成抓取过程。
PCT/CN2019/120851 2019-07-28 2019-11-26 一种机器人机械手夹取结构 WO2021017336A1 (zh)

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