WO2021017193A1 - 无刷电机及电器设备 - Google Patents

无刷电机及电器设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017193A1
WO2021017193A1 PCT/CN2019/111691 CN2019111691W WO2021017193A1 WO 2021017193 A1 WO2021017193 A1 WO 2021017193A1 CN 2019111691 W CN2019111691 W CN 2019111691W WO 2021017193 A1 WO2021017193 A1 WO 2021017193A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductive sheet
conductive
brushless motor
bearing
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/111691
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国雄
侯俊峰
曾路强
胡建
李虎
黄成栋
黄洋波
Original Assignee
广东威灵电机制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 filed Critical 广东威灵电机制造有限公司
Priority to JP2021570207A priority Critical patent/JP2022535341A/ja
Priority to KR1020217038406A priority patent/KR20220003575A/ko
Priority to EP19939984.1A priority patent/EP3961872A4/en
Publication of WO2021017193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017193A1/zh
Priority to US17/526,557 priority patent/US20220077742A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/002Conductive elements, e.g. to prevent static electricity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/15Mounting arrangements for bearing-shields or end plates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/083Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/08Insulating casings

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of motors, and more specifically, relates to a brushless motor and electrical equipment using the brushless motor.
  • a common mode voltage will be generated; in the case of high frequency, a coupling capacitor will be generated between the various structural parts of the motor, and this common mode voltage will be A loop is formed by coupling capacitors between the stator, rotor, permanent magnets, bearing brackets and other parts, as well as bearing capacitors, which will generate voltage between the inner and outer rings of the bearing (bearing capacitor branch).
  • This voltage generated between the inner and outer rings of the bearing due to the common mode voltage is called the shaft voltage.
  • the shaft voltage contains the high-frequency components of the high-speed switching action of the semiconductor during PWM driving.
  • the shaft voltage reaches the insulation breakdown voltage of the lubricating oil film inside the bearing, it will discharge and generate current, which will cause partial melting of the inner surface of the bearing and the balls.
  • Corrosion phenomenon that is, electric corrosion (also called electric corrosion) occurs inside the bearing.
  • wave-shaped wear will occur inside the bearing, such as the inner ring, outer ring or balls of the bearing, causing abnormal noise and shortening the life of the bearing.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a brushless motor to solve the problem in the related art that the shaft voltage of the brushless motor is too high, which causes electric corrosion of the bearing.
  • the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is to provide a brushless motor, which includes a housing with insulating properties, a stator fixed in the housing, and a rotor rotatably placed in the stator,
  • the stator includes a stator iron core and windings wound on the stator iron core.
  • the rotor includes a rotor core and a rotating shaft penetrating the center of the rotor core.
  • a bearing is sleeved, two bearing brackets for fixing the two bearings are respectively installed at both ends of the casing, and a conductive sheet used to adjust the capacitive reactance between the stator core and the bearing bracket,
  • the conductive sheets are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral side of the stator core, and the conductive sheets are insulated from the stator core; the conductive sheets and the stator core have at least a portion in the radial direction of the stator core Directly facing the area, the conductive sheet is electrically connected to at least one of the bearing brackets.
  • Another objective of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electrical device including the brushless motor as described above.
  • a conductive sheet is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the casing, so that the conductive sheet and the stator core have a facing area, so that a coupling capacitor is formed between the stator core and the conductive sheet, and the bearing bracket is located on the casing
  • the equivalent capacitance between the stator core and the bearing bracket can be adjusted to balance the potential between the bearing outer ring and the bearing inner ring so that the potential between the bearing outer ring and the bearing inner ring is similar to reduce the shaft voltage , To avoid electric corrosion of the bearing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a first brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a third brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the brushless motor of FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a seventh brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an eighth brushless motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of shaft voltage detection provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement in a comparative example provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement of Example 1 provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement of Example 2 provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement of Example 3 provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 15 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement of Example 4 provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 16 is a waveform diagram of shaft voltage measurement of Example 5 provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • 100-Brushless motor 11-housing; 111-positioning slot; 12-stator; 121-stator core; 122-winding; 13-rotor; 131-shaft; 132-rotor core; 14-bearing; 15-bearing Bracket; 151-first bracket; 152-second bracket; 21-conductive sheet; 22-conductive arm; 23-conductive member; 24-dielectric layer; 90-oscilloscope; 91-differential probe.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “multiple” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined. The meaning of "several” is one or more than one, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components.
  • the brushless motor 100 includes a casing 11, a stator 12, a rotor 13, two bearings 14 and two bearing brackets 15. Both the stator 12 and the rotor 13 are installed in the casing 11, and the stator 12 is used to drive the rotor 13 to rotate.
  • Two bearings 14 are installed on the rotor 13 to support the rotor 13.
  • the two bearing brackets 15 respectively support the two bearings 14 and then the rotor 13; at the same time, the two bearing brackets 15 are installed on the machine respectively.
  • Both ends of the casing 11 are used to support the rotor 13 in the casing 11 so that the rotor 13 can rotate flexibly.
  • the use of the bearing bracket 15 to support the bearing 14 can more stably support the bearing 14 and ensure that the bearing 14 rotates well.
  • the casing 11 has insulating properties and plays a major role of support and protection.
  • the casing 11 can be injection-molded using resin materials to facilitate processing and manufacture, and can have a good insulation effect. At the same time, the casing 11 can also dissipate heat. Of course, in order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency, some heat dissipation fins may be provided on the casing 11.
  • the stator 12 includes a stator core 121 and a winding 122.
  • the winding 122 is wound on the stator core 121.
  • the stator core 121 is formed by stacking several silicon steel sheets to reduce eddy currents.
  • the stator core 121 generally includes a plurality of tooth-like structures, and the winding 122 is wound on each tooth. These tooth-like structures surround a ring, so that the rotor 13 can be placed in the stator 12 to drive the rotor 13 to rotate.
  • the rotor 13 includes a rotating shaft 131 and a rotor core 132.
  • the rotating shaft 131 passes through the center of the rotor core 132 to support the rotor core 132 through the rotating shaft 131.
  • the rotor core 132 is placed in the stator 12 so that when the winding 122 is energized, the stator iron An alternating magnetic field is generated on the core 121 to drive the rotor core 132 to rotate and drive the rotating shaft 131 to rotate.
  • the rotor core 132 may adopt a combined structure of the iron core of the rotor 13 and the magnet, or may be formed by casting a silicon steel sheet into aluminum after being punched out of a squirrel cage shape by stacking.
  • Both bearings 14 are sleeved on the rotating shaft 131, and the two bearings 14 are respectively located at two ends of the rotor core 132. Since the weight of the rotor 13 is mostly concentrated at the position of the rotor core 132, the center of gravity of the rotor 13 is also at the position corresponding to the rotor core 132, so that the two bearings 14 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the rotor core 132, which can better support The rotating shaft 131 is held to support the rotor core 132 so that the rotor core 132 and the rotating shaft 131 can rotate more smoothly. The two bearings 14 are provided to support the rotating shaft 131 so that the rotating shaft 131 can rotate more flexibly.
  • the two bearings 14 are respectively placed in the two bearing brackets 15 so as to support the corresponding bearings 14 through the two bearing brackets 15 and thereby support the rotor 13.
  • the two bearing brackets 15 are respectively installed at the two ends of the casing 11 to support the rotor 13 in the casing 11 and enable the rotor 13 to rotate flexibly in the casing 11, and the stator core 121 and each bearing support
  • the frame 15 is insulated.
  • the bearing bracket 15 can support the bearing 14 more stably, ensure the smooth rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing 14, and can reduce vibration, avoid the creep of the bearing 14, and make the outer ring of the bearing 14 and the bearing support
  • the frame 15 is electrically connected.
  • the “electrical connection” refers to the ability to conduct electricity, and is not limited to that there must be current flowing between the two at any time. For example, it can be between a metal bearing bracket and a metal bearing outer ring. The state of contact.
  • the stator 12 and the casing 11 are plastic-sealed into an integrated structure, so that the stator 12 is firmly and stably fixed in the casing 11, and the casing 11 can be made relatively small, reducing the production
  • the volume of the brushless motor 100 reduces weight.
  • the stator 12 can be placed in a mold, so that when the casing 11 is injection-molded, the casing 11 and the stator 12 form an integrated structure.
  • the casing 11 can also be manufactured separately, and then the stator 12 is fixed in the casing 11.
  • the two bearing brackets 15 are a first bracket 151 and a second bracket 152, respectively, and the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152 are respectively located at both ends of the casing 11 ,
  • the first bracket 151 is used as the end cover of the casing 11, and the second bracket 152 and the casing 11 are plastic-sealed into an integrated structure, that is, when the casing 11 is made by injection molding, the second bracket 152 can be placed In the mold, when the casing 11 is injection molded, the second bracket 152 and the casing 11 can be injection molded into one body to ensure that the second bracket 152 is firmly fixed in the casing 11, which facilitates processing and manufacture, reduces weight, and reduces costs. .
  • the first bracket 151 is used as the end cover of the casing 11, and the entire end cover can be made of metal, or only the part supporting the bearing 14 can be made of metal to prevent the bearing 14 from creeping and ensure the bearing 14 to rotate stably.
  • the second bracket 152 may only be a part supporting the bearing 14, so that during injection molding, it is convenient to mold the second bracket 152 and the casing 11 into an integral structure.
  • both ends of the casing 11 may be provided in an open structure, and the two bearing brackets 15 may be used as two end cover structures.
  • a fan and other structures can be installed in one end of the casing 11 to better dissipate heat.
  • this structure is more practical for motors that require output at both ends of the rotating shaft 131.
  • both ends of the casing 11 are set as open structures, and the two bearing brackets 15 are used as end covers, the strength of the brushless motor 100 can be increased through the bearing bracket 15 and the bearing bracket 15 can also be used. Perform heat dissipation to improve heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the brushless motor 100 further includes a conductive sheet 21.
  • the conductive sheet 21 is used to adjust the capacitive reactance between the stator core 121 and the bearing bracket 15.
  • the conductive sheet 21 is attached to the casing 11 On the outer peripheral surface 110, the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 have at least part of the area facing each other, so that a capacitance is formed between the stator core 121 and the conductive sheet 21.
  • the conductive sheet 21 is connected to at least one bearing bracket, which is equivalent to A coupling capacitor is connected in parallel to the original capacitance of the bracket and the stator core, and by changing the size of the conductive sheet 21, the area directly facing the stator core 121 can be adjusted to adjust the stator core 121 and the bearing bracket 15
  • the capacitive reactance is to adjust the capacitive reactance between the stator core and the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the equivalent capacitance between the stator core 121 and the inner ring of the bearing 14 be close to or equal to the equivalent capacitance between the stator core 121 and the outer ring of the bearing 14, that is, balance the equivalent capacitance between the stator core 121 and the inner ring of the bearing 14
  • the equivalent capacitance between the stator core 121 and the outer ring of the bearing 14 to balance the potentials of the outer ring of the bearing 14 and the inner ring of the bearing 14 so that the potentials of the outer ring of the bearing 14 and the inner ring of the bearing 14 are similar, reducing the outer ring of the bearing 14
  • the potential difference between the ring and the inner ring of the bearing 14 is used to reduce the shaft voltage and prevent the bearing 14 from electrolytic corrosion.
  • the conductive sheet 21 may also be arranged inside the casing 11 to shorten the distance between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121. That is, the conductive sheet 21 only needs to be arranged on the outer peripheral side of the stator core 121 at intervals, and the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 are insulated from each other.
  • the two bearing brackets 15 are electrically connected, so that the potentials of the two bearing brackets 15 are kept the same, and the potentials of the outer rings of the two bearings 14 are kept the same.
  • the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152 are electrically connected, so that the electric potential of the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152 are consistent. In this way, the capacitive reactance between the two bearing brackets 15 and the stator core 121 can be adjusted at the same time in the conductive sheet 21, and the adjustment is more convenient.
  • the conductive sheet 21 may be electrically connected to only one of the bearing brackets 15 Connected so that only the capacitive reactance between the bearing bracket 15 and the stator core 121 is adjusted.
  • a conductive member 23 may be provided in the housing 11 to electrically connect the two bearing brackets 15.
  • the conductive member 23 can also be attached from the outside of the casing 11 to electrically connect the two bearing brackets 15.
  • the conductive member 23 may be an elongated metal sheet, metal wire, conductive tape, or the like.
  • the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151 extends to the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, and the conductive sheet 21 is attached to and connected to the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151, so that the first bracket The power of the frame 151 and the second bracket 152 will be led to the conductive sheet 21, and a capacitor is formed between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121, thereby forming a capacitor connection between the two bearing brackets 15 and the stator core 121.
  • the equivalent capacitance between the stator core 121 and the bearing bracket 15 is adjusted, thereby reducing the potential difference between the inner and outer rings of the bearing 14, so as to reduce the shaft voltage and avoid galvanic corrosion of the bearing 14.
  • a conductive sheet 21 is provided on the casing 11, and the capacitance is adjusted by adjusting the size of the conductive sheet 21. Using a conductive sheet 21 can facilitate installation.
  • the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 are spaced apart, and the distance between the conductive sheet 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the stator core 121 is less than or equal to 5 mm. Due to the insulating properties of the casing 11, the distance between the conductive sheet 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the stator core 121 is set to be less than or equal to 5mm, so that a sufficient capacitance value can be formed between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 to improve The capacitance between the stator core 121 and the conductive sheet 21 can be adjusted well, and the area of the conductive sheet 21 can be reduced at the same time, which facilitates the installation and use of the conductive sheet 21.
  • a accommodating groove may be provided on the outer circumferential surface 110 of the casing 11 to install the conductive sheet 21 so as to reduce the distance between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121.
  • the accommodating groove can also play a role in positioning the conductive sheet 21.
  • a partial area of the conductive sheet 21 can also be extended beyond the accommodating groove. That is, a receiving groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, and the conductive sheet 21 is at least partially placed in the receiving groove.
  • the outer peripheral area of the stator core 121 is S, that is, the area of the outer peripheral surface of the stator core 121 is S, and the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 are directly opposite to each other in the radial direction of the stator core 121
  • the area is S1, then S1 ⁇ S/N, and N is the number of teeth of the stator core 121.
  • the area S1, the outer circumferential area S of the stator core 121 and the number of teeth N of the stator core 121 in the radial direction of the stator core 121 between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 preferably satisfy the formula S1 ⁇ S/N; and if S1 is less than S/N, it is found in the experiment that the conductive sheet 21 cannot significantly adjust the capacitance between the stator core 121 and the corresponding bearing bracket 15, so that the shaft voltage drop is small, which is difficult to achieve Claim.
  • N ⁇ 12, the area S1 facing the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 in the radial direction of the stator core 121 is not less than 1/12 of the outer peripheral area of the stator core 121.
  • Setting N to be greater than or equal to 12 can enable the stator 12 of the brushless motor 100 to better drive the rotor 13 to rotate, facilitating more precise adjustment; of course, in some embodiments, N can also be set to less than 12, such as a stator core
  • the number of teeth on 121 is 6, 8, 10, etc.
  • the width of the conductive sheet 21 extending in the circumferential direction of the stator 12 is not less than 1/12 of the circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the stator core 121, which can achieve a significant reduction in the shaft voltage.
  • the capacitance value between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 is between 10-100 PF to ensure a good adjustment of the capacitance between the bearing bracket 15 and the stator core 121, and then The potential difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14 is well adjusted. If the capacitance value between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 is less than 10PF, the effect of adjusting the potential difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14 is weak.
  • the capacitance between the conductive sheet 21 and the stator core 121 is greater than 100PF, the potential difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14 will be greater, that is, the potential difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14 is still large. .
  • one side of the conductive sheet 21 is a conductive adhesive surface, so that the conductive sheet 21 can be easily pasted on the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11 for convenient use.
  • the other side of the conductive sheet 21 is an insulating surface with insulating properties, which can reduce the influence of external devices on the conductive sheet 21, so that the conductive sheet 21 can more stably adjust the capacitive reactance between the stator core 121 and the bearing bracket 15.
  • the conductive sheet 21 has a logo printed on the side facing away from the casing 11, so that the conductive sheet 21 can be used as a brand name of the brushless motor 100.
  • the conductive sheet 21 is conductive paper, so as to be conveniently attached to the casing 11 and also to facilitate cutting the size of the conductive sheet 21.
  • the conductive sheet 21 can also be a metal foil, for example, copper foil, aluminum foil, etc. can be used.
  • the conductive sheet 21 may also be a conductive coating, and a conductive coating is provided on the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11 to form the conductive sheet 21 to ensure that the conductive sheet 21 is firmly fixed on the casing 11 on.
  • the conductive coating can be made of conductive glue, conductive paste and other materials.
  • the conductive coating can be provided on the casing 11 by spraying, coating or printing, which facilitates the setting of the conductive coating.
  • a piece of aluminum foil paper with glue on the surface is used as the conductive sheet 21, which is pasted on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11, and one side edge of the conductive sheet 21 is pasted on the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151, so that the conductive sheet 21 and The first bracket 151 is in a directly connected conduction state.
  • conductive sheets 21 of different areas can be used in advance to be pasted on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11, and by testing the changes in the shaft voltage, the area of the conductive sheet 21 with a lower shaft voltage and the corresponding Pasting position, so as to obtain the shaft voltage improvement plan of the motor, which can be applied to mass production.
  • the following table 1 compares the shaft voltage test results of the same brushless motor 100 using different conductive sheets 21 and the shaft voltage test results without conductive sheets 21. From the results, it can be seen that through the adjustment of the conductive sheet 21, the shaft voltage value changes significantly And showing good regularity, the shaft voltage value can be very effectively controlled.
  • the distance between each conductive piece 21 and the outer peripheral side of the stator core 121 is 5 mm.
  • Table 1 above uses the shaft voltage measurement method shown in Figure 10.
  • a DC stabilized power supply is used to supply power to the brushless motor 100.
  • the number of stator teeth of the brushless motor 100 used in the experiment is 12 teeth.
  • the measurement is carried out under the same working conditions: the power supply voltage Vm of the winding adopts DC400V, and the drive current of the motor is controlled
  • the voltage Vcc adopts DC15V, and the motor speed is set to 1000r/min by adjusting the speed regulating voltage Vsp.
  • a digital oscilloscope 90 and a differential probe 91 are used to measure the shaft voltage. The two ends of the differential probe 91 are respectively connected to the shaft 131 of the brushless motor 100 and the bearing bracket 15 through a piece of metal wire.
  • the facing area is 1/8 of the outer circumferential area of the stator core 121, and the facing area of the conductive sheet 2 and the stator core 121 in the radial direction of the stator core 121 is 1/4 of the outer circumferential area of the stator core 121, The area facing the conductive sheet 3 and the stator core 121 in the radial direction of the stator core 121 is 3/8 of the outer peripheral area of the stator core 121.
  • the conductive sheet 4 and the stator core 121 are in the radial direction of the stator core 121.
  • the facing area in the direction is 1/2 of the outer circumferential area of the stator core 121, and the facing area of the conductive sheet 5 and the stator core 121 in the radial direction of the stator core 121 is 5/ of the outer circumferential area of the stator core 121 8.
  • Figure 11 is the measured waveform of the shaft voltage when the conductive sheet is not provided on the brushless motor corresponding to the comparative example.
  • Main 1.25m means: the time base is 1.25min, and PP(C1) is the shaft voltage.
  • the scan speed of the middle and horizontal axis is 100 ⁇ s/div, the voltage sensitivity of the ordinate is 10V/div, and the waveform shows the graph of the change of the axis voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor measured in the figure is 26.4V.
  • Figure 12 is the measured waveform diagram of the shaft voltage of the brushless motor using the conductive sheet 1.
  • Main1.25m in the figure means: the time base is 1.25min, PP (C1) is the shaft voltage, and the horizontal axis scanning speed in the figure It is 100 ⁇ s/div, the ordinate voltage sensitivity is 10V/div, and the waveform represents the change graph of shaft voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor measured in the figure is 16.2V.
  • Figure 13 is the measured waveform of the shaft voltage of the brushless motor using the conductive sheet 2.
  • Main1.25m means: the time base is 1.25min, PP (C1) is the shaft voltage, and the horizontal axis scanning speed in the figure It is 100 ⁇ s/div, the ordinate voltage sensitivity is 10V/div, and the waveform represents the change graph of shaft voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor is 4.9V measured in the figure.
  • Figure 14 is the measured waveform diagram of the shaft voltage of the brushless motor using the conductive sheet 3.
  • Main1.25m means: the time base is 1.25min, PP(C1) is the shaft voltage, and the horizontal axis scanning speed in the figure It is 100 ⁇ s/div, the ordinate voltage sensitivity is 10V/div, and the waveform represents the change graph of shaft voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor is 6.1V.
  • Figure 15 is the measured waveform of the shaft voltage of the brushless motor using the conductive sheet 4.
  • Main1.25m means: the time base is 1.25min, PP (C1) is the shaft voltage, and the horizontal axis scanning speed in the figure It is 100 ⁇ s/div, the ordinate voltage sensitivity is 10V/div, and the waveform represents the change graph of shaft voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor is 8.6V.
  • Figure 16 is the measured waveform of the shaft voltage of the brushless motor using the conductive sheet 5.
  • Main1.25m means: the time base is 1.25min, PP (C1) is the shaft voltage, and the horizontal axis scanning speed in the figure It is 100 ⁇ s/div, the ordinate voltage sensitivity is 10V/div, and the waveform represents the change graph of shaft voltage with time.
  • the shaft voltage of the brushless motor measured in the figure is 13.6V.
  • a plurality of conductive sheets 21 may also be provided on the casing 11, and each conductive sheet 21 is electrically connected to the bearing bracket 15.
  • the provision of a plurality of conductive sheets 21 can better adjust the size of the conductive sheets 21 to adjust the area of the conductive sheets 21 and the stator core 121 facing each other, and then adjust the capacitive reactance between the conductive sheets 21 and the stator core 121. For convenience.
  • each conductive sheet 21 can be electrically connected to the two bearing brackets 15, so as to facilitate simultaneous adjustment of the equivalent capacitance between the two bearing brackets 15 and the stator core 121, thereby adjusting The potential difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14 reduces the shaft voltage.
  • only one conductive sheet 21 may be provided on the casing 11, and each bearing bracket 15 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 21, so that the two bearing brackets 15 can be adjusted by the conductive sheet 21. The capacitive reactance with the stator core 121.
  • the conductive sheet 21 is electrically connected to the two bearing brackets 15, and a conductive member 23 may be provided in the housing 11 to electrically connect the two bearing brackets 15 and then the conductive sheet 21 It is electrically connected to one bearing bracket 15, and then the conductive sheet 21 is electrically connected to the two bearing brackets 15.
  • the peripheral side 150 of a bearing bracket 15 extends to the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11.
  • the conductive sheet 21 can be directly attached to the bearing bracket The peripheral side surface 150 of 15 thus electrically connects the conductive sheet 21 to the bearing bracket 15, and then electrically connects to another bearing bracket 15 through the conductive member 23 in the casing 11.
  • the two bearing brackets 15 are the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152
  • the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152 are connected by the conductive member 23, and the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151 Extend to the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, so that when the conductive sheet 21 is installed, the conductive sheet 21 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the first bracket 151.
  • a conductive member 23 can also be provided in the housing 11 to electrically connect the two bearing brackets 15, and the outer peripheral surface 110 of the housing 11 is attached to the conductive sheet 21, A conductive arm 22 is provided on the outer peripheral surface 110, and the conductive arm 22 is electrically connected to one or two bearing brackets 15.
  • a conductive arm 22 may be provided on the housing 11 to connect the two bearing brackets 15, and a part of the conductive arm 22 is exposed on the outer peripheral surface 110 of the housing 11, so that the conductive sheet is installed At 21 o'clock, the conductive sheet 21 can be attached to the conductive arm 22 to electrically connect the conductive sheet 21 with the two bearing brackets 15.
  • the conductive arm 22 may use a metal strip, a metal wire, a metal belt, or the like.
  • the conductive arm 22 may also be a structure such as a conductive coating.
  • the conductive arm 22 may be electrically connected to the corresponding bearing bracket 15 by bonding, riveting, abutting, welding, or the like.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a positioning groove 111, and the conductive sheet 21 is placed in the positioning groove 111 to facilitate the installation and fixing of the conductive arm 22.
  • a conductive member 23 can be provided in the housing 11 to connect the two bearing brackets 15 at the same time.
  • the peripheral side 150 of a bearing bracket 15 when the peripheral side 150 of a bearing bracket 15 extends to the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, and when the conductive sheet 21 is provided, the conductive sheet 21 can be directly attached to the The peripheral side surface 150 of the bearing bracket 15 and the other bearing bracket 15 are electrically connected to the conductive sheet 21 through the conductive arm 22, thereby electrically connecting the two bearing brackets 15 so that the conductive sheet 21 can simultaneously adjust the two bearing brackets The equivalent capacitance between the frame 15 and the stator core 121.
  • This structure is particularly suitable for situations where the two bearing brackets 15 have different diameters. For example, when the two bearing brackets 15 are the first bracket 151 and the second bracket 152, the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151 extends to the machine.
  • the second bracket 152 may only be the part supporting the bearing 14, and may be injection molded into an integral structure with the housing 11, and the conductive sheet 21 is provided on the outer peripheral surface 110 of the housing 11 ,
  • the conductive sheet 21 can be connected to the peripheral side 150 of the first bracket 151 in a fit manner, and the second bracket 152 is connected to the conductive sheet 21 through the conductive arm 22.
  • the casing 11 has a structure with open ends
  • two bearing brackets 15 are used as end covers to cover both ends of the casing 11, and the peripheral side 150 of each bearing bracket 15 extends to At the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, the conductive sheet 21 can also be connected to the peripheral side 150 of one bearing bracket 15, and the other bearing bracket 15 is connected to the conductive sheet 21 through the conductive arm 22.
  • two bearing brackets 15 are used as end caps to cover both ends of the casing 11, and the peripheral side of each bearing bracket 15 150 extends to the outer peripheral surface 110 of the casing 11, and the conductive sheet 21 is attached to the peripheral side 150 of the two bearing brackets 15 at the same time, so that the two bearing brackets 15 are directly electrically connected through the conductive sheet 21 and passed through The conductive sheet 21 directly adjusts the capacitive reactance between the two bearing brackets 15 and the stator core 121.
  • the conductive arm 22 is a metal sheet separately provided on the casing 11 to facilitate installation and fixation and to ensure good strength of the conductive arm 22. Further, the conductive arm 22 is located inside the casing 11, and only a part of the conductive arm 22 on the outer peripheral side of the casing 11 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface, so that the conductive sheet 21 is attached and connected. This structure can better protect the conductive arm 22.
  • the conductive arm 22 may also be a part of the conductive sheet 21, that is, the conductive arm 22 extends from one side of the conductive sheet 21, that is, the conductive arm 22 and the conductive sheet 21 are integrated
  • the conductive arm 22 is formed by extending the side of the conductive sheet 21, so that the conductive sheet 21 can be arranged more conveniently and the two bearing brackets 15 can be electrically connected.
  • each bearing bracket 15 when the diameter of each bearing bracket 15 is smaller than the outer diameter of the casing 11, the two bearing brackets 15 and the conductive sheet 21 can be electrically connected through the conductive arm 22.
  • a conductive member 23 can also be provided in the housing 11 to electrically connect the two bearing brackets 15, and then one bearing bracket 15 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 21 through the conductive arm 22.
  • the conductive arms 22 connected to the two bearing brackets 15 may be separately provided, and each conductive arm 22 is electrically connected to the conductive sheet 21 respectively.
  • a plurality of conductive sheets 21 may also be provided on the casing 11, and the two bearing brackets 15 are electrically connected to different conductive sheets 21 respectively. In this way, the capacitive reactance between each bearing bracket 15 and the stator core 121 can be adjusted by the conductive sheet 21 respectively.
  • the brushless motor 100 of the embodiment of the present application can effectively balance the potential of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14, reduce the voltage between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14, avoid galvanic corrosion between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 14, and ensure The brushless motor 100 works well and smoothly, reduces noise and vibration, and prolongs its service life.
  • the brushless motor 100 of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to electrical appliances such as air conditioners, washing machines, microwave ovens, refrigerators, etc.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes the brushless motor 100 described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the use of the brushless motor 100 in the electrical equipment can ensure a good lifespan of the brushless motor 100.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种无刷电机及电器设备,该无刷电机(100)包括机壳(11)、定子(12)和转子(13),定子(12)包括定子铁芯(121)和绕组(122),转子(13)包括转子芯(132)和转轴(131),转轴(131)上于转子芯(132)两端对应位置分别套装有轴承(14),机壳(11)的两端分别安装有轴承托架(15),无刷电机(100)还包括用于调节定子铁芯(121)与轴承托架(15)之间容抗的导电片(21),导电片(21)贴合于机壳(11)的外周面上,且导电片(21)与定子铁芯(121)沿机壳(11)的径向方向至少具有部分正对面积。

Description

无刷电机及电器设备
本申请要求于2019年7月26日在中华人民共和国专利局提交的、申请号为201910683827.X、发明名称为“无刷电机及电器设备”的中华人民共和国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电机领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种无刷电机及使用该无刷电机的电器设备。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息,而不必然构成现有技术。近年来,由于空调机组等电器设备节能的趋势,用高效率的无刷直流电机代替感应电机来驱动风机、水泵、齿轮等等负载。这些无刷直流电机一般是采用逆变器驱动,其采用脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation)法(下文中称之为PWM)作为驱动方法。在使用PWM驱动方法时,由于绕组的中性点电位不为零,而会产生共模电压;在高频情况下,电机的各结构件之间会产生耦合电容,则这种共模电压会通过定子、转子、永磁体、轴承托架等各部分之间耦合电容以及轴承电容形成回路,这就会在轴承的内外圈之间(轴承电容支路)上产生电压。这种因共模电压在轴承的内外圈之间产生的电压称之为轴电压。轴电压含有PWM驱动时半导体高速开关动作的高频成分,如轴电压达到轴承内部润滑油膜的绝缘击穿电压,就会随之放电而产生电流,这样就会使轴承内表面和滚珠发生局部熔蚀现象,即轴承内部发生电腐蚀(也称电蚀)。当电腐蚀加重时,在轴承内部,如轴承内圈、外圈或滚珠上产生波形磨损现象,造成异常噪音和轴承寿命下降。
发明概述
技术问题
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种无刷电机,以解决相关技术中存在的无刷电机的轴电压过高而导致轴承产生电蚀的问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的,本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:提供一种无刷电机,包括具有绝缘特性的机壳、固定于所述机壳中的定子和转动置于所述定子中的转子,所述定子包括定子铁芯和绕制于所述定子铁芯上的绕组,所述转子包括转子芯和贯穿所述转子芯中心的转轴,所述转轴上于所述转子芯两端对应位置分别套装有轴承,所述机壳的两端分别安装有固定两个所述轴承的轴承托架,还包括用于调节所述定子铁芯与所述轴承托架之间的容抗的导电片,所述导电片间隔设于所述定子铁芯外周侧,所述导电片与所述定子铁芯绝缘设置;所述导电片与所述定子铁芯在该定子铁芯径向方向上至少具有部分正对面积,所述导电片与至少一个所述轴承托架电连接。
本申请实施例的另一目的在于提供一种电器设备,包括如上所述的无刷电机。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
本申请实施例中的上述一个或多个技术方案,至少具有如下技术效果之一:
该无刷电机通过在机壳的外周面上贴合导电片,使导电片与定子铁芯具有正对面积,以使定子铁芯与导电片间形成耦合电容,而轴承托架位于机壳的端部,从而实现调节定子铁芯与轴承托架之间的等效电容,以平衡轴承外圈与轴承内圈间的电位,使轴承外圈与轴承内圈之间电位相近,以降低轴电压,避免轴承产生电蚀。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的第一种无刷电机的剖视结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的第二种无刷电机的结构示意图。
图3为本申请实施例提供的第三种无刷电机的部分分解结构示意图。
图4为本申请实施例提供的第四种无刷电机的结构示意图;
图5为图4的无刷电机的部分结构分解示意图。
图6为本申请实施例提供的第五种无刷电机的结构示意图。
图7为本申请实施例提供的第六种无刷电机的结构示意图。
图8为本申请实施例提供的第七种无刷电机的剖视结构示意图。
图9为本申请实施例提供的第八种无刷电机的剖视结构示意图。
图10为本申请实施例提供的轴电压检测示意图。
图11为本申请实施例提供比较例的轴电压测量的波形图。
图12为本申请实施例提供实例1的轴电压测量的波形图。
图13为本申请实施例提供实例2的轴电压测量的波形图。
图14为本申请实施例提供实例3的轴电压测量的波形图。
图15为本申请实施例提供实例4的轴电压测量的波形图。
图16为本申请实施例提供实例5的轴电压测量的波形图。
其中,图中各附图主要标记:
100-无刷电机;11-机壳;111-定位槽;12-定子;121-定子铁芯;122-绕组;13-转子;131-转轴;132-转子芯;14-轴承;15-轴承托架;151-第一托架;152-第二托架;21-导电片;22-导电臂;23-导电件;24-介电层;90-示波器;91-差分探头。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。此外, 术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。“若干”的含义是一个或一个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
请参阅图1,现对本申请提供的无刷电机100进行说明。所述无刷电机100,包括机壳11、定子12、转子13、两个轴承14和两个轴承托架15。定子12和转子13均安装在机壳11中,定子12用于驱动转子13转动。两个轴承14安装在转子13上,以起到支撑转子13的作用,两个轴承托架15分别支撑两个轴承14,进而支撑住转子13;同时,两个轴承托架15分别安装在机壳11的两端,以将转子13支撑在机壳11中,以便转子13可以灵活转动。而使用轴承托架15来支撑住轴承14,可以更为稳固支撑轴承14,保证轴承14良好转动。
机壳11具有绝缘特性,起主要的支撑与保护作用。机壳11可以使用树脂材料进行注塑成型,以方便加工制作,并且可以起到良好的绝缘效果,同时,机壳11还可以进行散热。当然为了提高散热效率,机壳11上可以设置一些散热翅片。
定子12包括定子铁芯121和绕组122,绕组122绕制在定子铁芯121上,当绕组122上流过电流时,会产生磁场,并经定子铁芯121进行增强与引导。定子铁芯121由若干矽钢片层叠而成,以减小涡流。定子铁芯121一般包括若干齿状结构,绕 组122绕制在各齿上。这些齿状结构围成环形,从而可以将转子13置于定子12中,以驱动转子13转动。
转子13包括转轴131和转子芯132,转轴131穿过转子芯132的中心,以通过转轴131来支撑住转子芯132,而转子芯132置于定子12中,从而当绕组122通电,在定子铁芯121上产生交变磁场,以驱动转子芯132转动,并带动转轴131转动。进一步地,转子芯132可以采用转子13铁芯与磁铁的组合结构,也可以矽钢片经冲床冲出鼠笼形状叠装后铸入铝加工而成。
两个轴承14均套装在转轴131上,并且两个轴承14分别位于转子芯132的两端。由于转子13的重量大多集中在转子芯132的位置,则转子13的重心也在转子芯132对应的位置处,这样将两个轴承14分别设于转子芯132的两端,可以更好的支撑住转轴131,进而支撑转子芯132,并使转子芯132及转轴131可以更为平稳转动。而设置两个轴承14来支撑转轴131,可以使转轴131更为灵活转动。
两个轴承14分别置于两个轴承托架15中,以通过两个轴承托架15来支撑住相应的轴承14,进而支撑住转子13。而两个轴承托架15分别安装在机壳11的两端,以将转子13支撑在机壳11中,并使得转子13可以在机壳11中灵活转动,并且定子铁芯121与各轴承托架15绝缘设置。使用轴承托架15,可以更稳定地支撑住轴承14,保证轴承14的外圈与内圈间平稳转动,而且可以减小振动,避免轴承14发生蠕变,并且使轴承14外圈与轴承托架15电连接,所述的“电连接”是指能够实现导电,而并不限制为二者之间在任意时刻一定有电流通过,例如其可以是金属轴承托架与金属轴承外圈之间的接触状态。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,定子12与机壳11是塑封成一体结构,以便定子12牢固稳定地固定在机壳11中,并且可以将机壳11制作相对较小,减小制作的无刷电机100的体积,减轻重量。如可以在注塑制作机壳11时,将定子12置于模具中,从而在注塑成型机壳11时,使机壳11与定子12形成一体结构。当然,在其它一些实施例中,也可以单独制作机壳11,再将定子12固定在机壳11中。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,两个轴承托架15分别为第一托架151和第二托架152,第一托架151和第二托架152分别位于机壳11的两端,其中第一托架151作为机壳11的端盖使用,而第二托架152与机壳11是塑封成一体结构,即在注塑制 作机壳11时,可以将第二托架152置于模具中,在注塑成型机壳11时,可以将第二托架152与机壳11注塑成一体,以保证第二托架152牢固固定在机壳11中,方便加工制作,减轻重量,降低成本。第一托架151而作为机壳11的端盖,可以将整个端盖使用金属制作,也可以仅支撑轴承14的部分使用金属,以防轴承14蠕变,保证轴承14稳定转动。第二托架152可以仅为支撑轴承14的部分,从而在注塑时,方便将第二托架152与机壳11注塑成一体结构。
请参阅图9,在一个实施例中,机壳11的两端可以均设置呈开口结构,而两个轴承托架15可以作为两个端盖结构。这样,可以在机壳11的一端中安装风扇等结构,以更好的进行散热。当然,这种结构,对于一些转轴131两端均进行需要输出的电机,更具有实用意义。另外,将机壳11两端均设为开口结构,而两个轴承托架15作为端盖,可以通过轴承托架15增加无刷电机100整机的强度,另外,还可以通过轴承托架15进行散热,以提高散热效率。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,无刷电机100还包括导电片21,导电片21用于调节定子铁芯121与轴承托架15之间容抗,导电片21贴合于机壳11的外周面110上,导电片21与定子铁芯121至少具有部分正对面积,从而使定子铁芯121与导电片21间形成电容,导电片21与至少一个轴承托架连接,相当于在轴承托架和定子铁芯的原有电容上又并联了一个耦合电容,而通过改变导电片21的大小,可以调节与定子铁芯121的正对面积,以便调节定子铁芯121与轴承托架15之间容抗,也就是调节定子铁芯与轴承外圈之间的容抗。使定子铁芯121至轴承14内圈间的等效电容与定子铁芯121至轴承14外圈间的等效电容相近或相等,即平衡定子铁芯121至轴承14内圈间的等效电容与定子铁芯121至轴承14外圈间的等效电容,进而平衡轴承14外圈与轴承14内圈的电位,以使得轴承14外圈与轴承14内圈之电位相近,减小轴承14外圈与轴承14内圈之间电位差,以降低轴电压,避免轴承14产生电蚀。
在其它一些实施例中,也可以将导电片21设置在机壳11内部,以拉近导电片21与定子铁芯121之间的距离。即导电片21只需要间隔设于定子铁芯121的外周侧,并使导电片21与定子铁芯121绝缘设置即可。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,两个轴承托架15电连接,从而将两个轴承托架15 的电位保持一致,进而将两个轴承14外圈电位保持一致。如上述实施例中,第一托架151与第二托架152电连接,以使第一托架151与第二托架152电位保持一致。这样,在导电片21可以同时调节两个轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的容抗,调节更为方便。当然,在一些实施例中,当两个轴承托架15的结构不同时,则两个轴承14内外圈间电位差也不相同,则也可以将导电片21仅与其中一个轴承托架15电连接,从而仅调节该轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的容抗。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,可以在机壳11中设置导电件23,以将两个轴承托架15电连接。当然,也可以从机壳11外部贴合导电件23,以将两个轴承托架15电连接。具体地,导电件23可以为长条状的金属片、金属丝、导电带等。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,第一托架151的周侧面150延伸至机壳11的外周面110,导电片21与第一托架151的周侧面150贴合相连,这样,第一托架151与第二托架152的电量会引至导电片21,而导电片21与定子铁芯121之间形成电容,进而使两个轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间形成电容连接,而通过调节导电片21的大小,来调节定子铁芯121与轴承托架15间的等效电容,进而降低轴承14内外圈之间的电位差,以降低轴电压,避免轴承14产生电蚀。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,机壳11上设有一个导电片21,通过调节该导电片21的大小,来进行电容量调节。使用一个导电片21,可以方便安装。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,导电片21与定子铁芯121间隔设置,且导电片21与定子铁芯121外周面之间距离小于或等于5mm。由于机壳11具有绝缘性,将导电片21与定子铁芯121外周面之间距离设置小于或等于5mm,以使导电片21与定子铁芯121间能形成具有足够大小的电容值,以更好的调节定子铁芯121与导电片21间电容量,同时可以减小导电片21面积,便于导电片21的安装与使用。而当导电片21与定子铁芯121外周面间距离过大时,会导致导电片21与定子铁芯121间电容较小,若要获得足够大的耦合电容,需要增加面积。
在一些实施例中,可以在机壳11的外周面110上开设容置槽,以安装导电片21,从而降低导电片21与定子铁芯121之间的距离。当然,设置容置槽,还可以起到定位导电片21的作用。当然在调节导电片21的大小时,也可以合导电片21的部分区域延伸至容置槽之外。即在机壳11的外周面110上设有容置槽,导电片21 至少部分置于容置槽中。
进一步地,在一个实施例中,定子铁芯121外周面积为S,即定子铁芯121外周面的面积为S,导电片21与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为S1,则S1≥S/N,N为定子铁芯121的齿数。通过申请人大量实验发现,导电片21与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积S1、定子铁芯121外周面积S及定子铁芯121的齿数N优选满足公式S1≥S/N;而如果S1小于S/N,在实验时发现导电片21不能明显地起到调节定子铁芯121与对应轴承托架15之间电容的作用,使得轴电压下降较小,难以达到要求。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,N≥12,导电片21与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积S1不小于定子铁芯121外周面积的1/12。将N设置大于或等于12,可以使该无刷电机100的定子12可以更好的驱动转子13转动,便于更精确调节;当然,一些实施例中,N也可以设置小于12,如定子铁芯121上的齿数为6个、8个、10个等数量。而将导电片21沿定子12的周向延伸的宽度不小于定子铁芯121外周面的周长的1/12,可以实现轴电压的明显减小。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,导电片21与定子铁芯121之间的电容值在10-100PF之间,以保证良好调节轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间电容量,进而良好调节轴承14内圈与外圈之间的电位差。若导电片21与定子铁芯121之间电容值小于10PF,则对于调节轴承14内圈与外圈间电位差的效果较弱。而当导电片21与定子铁芯121之间电容值大于100PF时,会导到轴承14内圈与外圈的电位反向差别较大,即轴承14内圈与外圈则电位差还是较大。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,导电片21的一面为具有导电性的粘合面,这样可以方便将导电片21粘贴在机壳11的外周面110上,方便使用。而导电片21的另一面为具有绝缘性的绝缘面,可以减小外部器件对导电片21的影响,使导电片21更稳定调节定子铁芯121与轴承托架15间容抗。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,导电片21背离机壳11的一面上印刷有标识,从而可以将导电片21作为该无刷电机100的名牌使用。
请参阅图1,在一个实施例中,导电片21为导电纸,以方便贴合在机壳11上,同时也方便裁剪导电片21的大小。当然,一些实施例中,导电片21也可以使用 金属薄片,如可以使用铜箔、铝箔等。
当然,还有一些实施例中,导电片21也可以为导电涂层,在机壳11的外周面110上设置导电涂层,以形成导电片21,以保证导电片21牢固固定在机壳11上。导电涂层可以使用导电胶水、导电浆等材料制作。更进一步地,导电涂层可以使用喷涂、涂覆或印刷的方式设于机壳11上,方便导电涂层的设置。
进一步地,请参阅图10,为了更好的描述本实施例的无刷电机100使用导电片21来降低轴电压的效果,还进行了如下的比对实验:
本具体实例中,用一张表面有胶的铝箔纸作为导电片21,粘贴在机壳11外周面,导电片21一侧边缘粘贴在第一托架151的周侧面150,使导电片21与第一托架151为直接连接的导通状态。具体实施时,针对每款不同方案的电机,可事先使用不同面积的导电片21粘贴于机壳11外周面上,通过测试轴电压的变化,得到轴电压较低的导电片21面积和对应的粘贴位置,从而得到该款电机的轴电压改善方案,以应用于批量生产。下表1对比了同种无刷电机100使用不同导电片21的无刷电机100与没有使用导电片21的轴电压测试结果,从结果可看出通过导电片21的调节,轴电压值变化显著且呈现良好的规律性,轴电压值可以被非常有效地控制。各导电片21与定子铁芯121外周侧的距离为5mm。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019111691-appb-000001
上表1采用了图10所示的轴电压测量方法。使用直流稳压电源给无刷电机100供电,实验使用的所述无刷电机100的定子齿数为12齿,在相同的工作条件下进行测量:绕组的电源电压Vm采用DC400V,电机的驱动电流控制电压Vcc采用DC15V,通过调速电压Vsp的调整将电机转速设置为1000r/min。轴电压的测量采用数字示波器90和差分探头91,差分探头91的两端分别通过一段金属导线连接无刷电机100的转轴131和轴承托架15。在检测时,为了使轴电压的波形不因为无刷电机100运转过程中的偶然扰动等因素导致轴承14油脂润滑的不连续而产生不 稳定现象,本实验采用装配了陶瓷球轴承14的无刷电机100进行轴电压的测试。而导电片1至导电片5,与定子铁芯121在电机径向方向的间隙为2mm,但正对的面积不同,其中,导电片与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为该定子铁芯121外周面积的1/8,导电片2与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为该定子铁芯121外周面积的1/4,导电片3与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为该定子铁芯121外周面积的3/8,导电片4与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为该定子铁芯121外周面积的1/2,导电片5与定子铁芯121在该定子铁芯121径向方向的正对面积为该定子铁芯121外周面积的5/8。
请参阅图11,图11为比较例对应的无刷电机上不设置导电片时的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main 1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无刷电机轴电压为26.4V。
请参阅图12,图12为采用导电片1的无刷电机的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无刷电机轴电压为16.2V。
请参阅图13,图13为采用导电片2的无刷电机的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无刷电机轴电压为4.9V。
请参阅图14,图14为采用导电片3的无刷电机的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无刷电机轴电压为6.1V。
请参阅图15,图15为采用导电片4的无刷电机的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无 刷电机轴电压为8.6V。
请参阅图16,图16为采用导电片5的无刷电机的轴电压实测波形图,图中Main1.25m指:时基为1.25min,P-P(C1)为轴电压,图中横轴扫描速度为100μs/div,纵坐标电压感度为10V/div,波形表示轴电压随时间的变化图。图中测量出该无刷电机轴电压为13.6V。
请参阅图2,在一个实施例中,机壳11上也可以设置多个导电片21,各导电片21均与轴承托架15电连接。设置多个导电片21,可以更好的调整导电片21的大小,以调整导电片21与定子铁芯121的正对面积,进而调节导电片21与定子铁芯121间的容抗,调节更为方便。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,可以将各导电片21均与两个轴承托架15电连接,以方便同时调节两个轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的等效电容,进而调节轴承14内圈与外圈间的电位差,降低轴电压。当然,在一个实施例中,机壳11上也可以仅设置一个导电片21,而各轴承托架15均与该导电片21电连接,从而通过该导电片21来调节两个轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的容抗。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,将导电片21与两个轴承托架15电连接,可以在机壳11中设置导电件23,以将两个轴承托架15电连接,再将导电片21与一个轴承托架15电连接,进而将导电片21与两个轴承托架15电连接。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,一个轴承托架15的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,而在设置导电片21时,可以将导电片21直接贴合在该轴承托架15的周侧面150,从而将导电片21与该轴承托架15电连接,进而通过机壳11中的导电件23与另一个轴承托架15电连接。具体为两个轴承托架15分别为第一托架151与第二托架152时,第一托架151与第二托架152通过导电件23连接,而第一托架151的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,从而在安装导电片21时,将导电片21与第一托架151的外周面贴合相连。
当然,在一些实施例中,也是可以在机壳11中设置导电件23,以将两个轴承托架15电连接,而机壳11的外周面110上贴合导电片21,机壳11的外周面110上设置导电臂22,通过导电臂22与一个或两个轴承托架15电连接。
请参阅图3,在一个实施例中,机壳11上可以设置导电臂22来连接两个轴承托 架15,而导电臂22的一部分区域露出机壳11的外周面110,从而在安装导电片21时,可以将导电片21贴合在导电臂22上,以将导电片21与两个轴承托架15电连接。具体地,导电臂22可以使用金属条、金属丝或金属带等。当然,一些实施例中,导电臂22还可以是导电涂层等结构。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,导电臂22可以通过粘接、铆接、抵接、焊接等方式与对应的轴承托架15电连接。
进一步地,在上述实施例中,机壳11上开设有定位槽111,导电片21置于定位槽111中,以方便安装与固定导电臂22。
当然,在上述实施例中,为了保证两个轴承托架15良好电连接,可以同时在机壳11中设置导电件23连接两个轴承托架15。
请参阅图8,在一个实施例中,当一个轴承托架15的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,而在设置导电片21时,可以将导电片21直接贴合在该轴承托架15的周侧面150,而另一个轴承托架15通过导电臂22与导电片21电连接,进而将两个轴承托架15电连接,同时使导电片21能同时调节两个轴承托架15与定子铁芯121间的等效电容。该结构特别适合于两个轴承托架15直径不同的情况,如当两个轴承托架15分别为第一托架151与第二托架152,第一托架151的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,而第二托架152可以仅为支撑轴承14的部分,并且可以是与机壳11注塑成一体结构,则在机壳11的外周面110上设置导电片21时,可以将导电片21与第一托架151的周侧面150贴合相连,而第二托架152通过导电臂22与导电片21相连。
当然,在一些实施例中,若机壳11为两端开口的结构,两个轴承托架15均作为端盖盖在机壳11两端时,并且各轴承托架15的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,也可以将导电片21与一个轴承托架15的周侧面150贴合相连,而另一个轴承托架15通导电臂22与导电片21相连。
请参阅图9,在一个实施例中,若机壳11为两端开口的结构,两个轴承托架15均作为端盖盖在机壳11两端时,并且各轴承托架15的周侧面150延伸到机壳11的外周面110处,将导电片21同时与两个轴承托架15的周侧面150贴合相连,从而直接通过导电片21将两个轴承托架15电连接,并通过导电片21直接调节两个轴 承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的容抗。
请参阅图8,在上述实施例中,导电臂22为单独设置在机壳11上的金属片,以方便安装固定,保证导电臂22良好的强度。进一步地,导电臂22位于机壳11的内部,而仅导电臂22上位于机壳11外周侧的一部分凸出外周面上,以便导电片21贴合相连。该结构可以更好的保护导电臂22。
请参阅图7,在一些实施例中,导电臂22也可以为导电片21的一部分,即通过导电片21的一侧延伸出导电臂22,也就是说,导电臂22与导电片21是一体结构,导电臂22由导电片21的侧边延伸而成,这样可以更为方便设置导电片21,并将两个轴承托架15电连接。
请参阅图4和图5,在一个实施例中,当各轴承托架15的直径小于机壳11的外径时,可以通过导电臂22将两个轴承托架15与导电片21电连接。当然,也可以在机壳11中设置导电件23将两个轴承托架15电连接,再将一个轴承托架15通过导电臂22与导电片21电连接。还有一些实施例中,可以分别设置与两个轴承托架15相连的导电臂22,而各导电臂22分别与导电片21电连接。
请参阅图6,在一个实施例中,也可以在机壳11上设置多个导电片21,而将两个轴承托架15分别与不同的导电片21电连接。这样可以通过导电片21分别调节各轴承托架15与定子铁芯121之间的容抗。
本申请实施例的无刷电机100,可以有效平衡轴承14内圈与外圈之电位,减小轴承14内圈与外圈之间电压,避免轴承14内圈与外圈间发生电蚀,保证无刷电机100良好平稳地工作,减小噪音与振动,延长使用寿命。本申请实施例的无刷电机100可以应用在空调、洗衣机、微波炉、电冰箱等电器设备中。
进一步地,本申请实施例还提供一种电器设备,该电器设备包括如上任意实施例所述的无刷电机100。该电器设备使用该无刷电机100,可以保证该无刷电机100良好的寿命。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已,并不用以限制本申请,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 无刷电机,包括具有绝缘特性的机壳、固定于所述机壳中的定子和转动置于所述定子中的转子,所述定子包括定子铁芯和绕制于所述定子铁芯上的绕组,所述转子包括转子芯和贯穿所述转子芯中心的转轴,所述转轴上于所述转子芯两端对应位置分别套装有轴承,所述机壳的两端分别安装有固定两个所述轴承的轴承托架,其特征在于:还包括用于调节所述定子铁芯与所述轴承托架之间的容抗的导电片,所述导电片间隔设于所述定子铁芯外周侧,所述导电片与所述定子铁芯绝缘设置;所述导电片与所述定子铁芯在该定子铁芯径向方向上至少具有部分正对面积,所述导电片与至少一个所述轴承托架电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:至少一个所述轴承托架通过导电臂与所述导电片电连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:两个所述轴承托架分别为第一托架和第二托架,所述第一托架的周侧面延伸至所述机壳的外周面,所述导电片与所述第一托架的周侧面贴合相连,所述第二托架通过所述导电臂与所述导电片电连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:各所述轴承托架的直径小于所述机壳的外径,各所述轴承托架均通过所述导电臂与所述导电片电连接。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电臂由相应所述轴承托架延伸至所述机壳的外周面,所述导电片与所述导电臂贴合相连;
    或者,所述导电臂与所述导电片是一体结构,所述导电臂由所述导电片的侧边延伸而成;
    或者,所述导电臂与两个所述轴承托架电连接,所述导电臂穿过所述机壳,所述导电臂至少部分露出所述机壳的外周面,所述导电片与所述导电臂相连。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述机壳上设有定位槽,所述导电臂置于所述定位槽中。
  7. 如权利要求1-3及5-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:两个所述轴承托架的周侧面均延伸至所述机壳的外周面,所述导电片与各所述轴承托架的周侧面贴合相连。
  8. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述机壳上贴合有多个所述导电片,各所述轴承托架分别与不同的所述导电片电性相连。
  9. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述机壳上贴合有至少一个所述导电片,各所述导电片与两个所述轴承托架电相连。
  10. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述机壳上设有连接两个所述轴承托架的导电件。
  11. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片与所述定子铁芯间隔设置,且所述导电片与所述定子铁芯外周面之间距离小于或等于5mm。
  12. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:其特征在于:所述定子铁芯外周面积为S,所述导电片与所述定子铁芯在该定子铁芯径向方向的正对面积为S1,则S1≥S/N,N为所述定子的齿数。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:N≥12,所述导电片与所述定子铁芯在电机径向方向的正对面积不小于所述定子铁芯外周面积的1/12。
  14. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片的一面为具有导电性的粘合面,所述导电片的另一面为具有绝缘性的绝缘面。
  15. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片背离所述机壳的一面上印刷有标识。
  16. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片为金属薄片、导电纸,或者所述导电片为设于所述机壳外周面上的导电涂层。
  17. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述机壳的外周面上设有容置槽,所述导电片至少部分置于所述容置槽中。
  18. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片与所述定子铁芯之间的电容值在10-100PF之间。
  19. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的无刷电机,其特征在于:所述导电片设于所述机壳的外周面上;或者所述导电片设于所述机壳中。
  20. 电器设备,其特征在于:包括如权利要求1-19任一项所述的无刷电机。
PCT/CN2019/111691 2019-07-26 2019-10-17 无刷电机及电器设备 WO2021017193A1 (zh)

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