Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
  • C09K21/04—Inorganic materials containing phosphorus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
  • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09D127/04—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
  • C09D127/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
  • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
  • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
  • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
  • B44C1/105—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics comprising an adhesive layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a liquid composition, a fireproof layer, a laminated structure including the fireproof layer, and a fireproofing method.
• Patent Document 1 JP H10-501009 A discloses "a pressure sensitive adhesive composition containing from about 10 to about 60% by weight of a non-halogen foamable flame retardant based on the adhesive and containing an adhesive selected from the group consisting of a rubber resin adhesive and an acrylic adhesive" .
• Patent Document 2 JP 2013-44983 A discloses "a decorative sheet including a film layer and an adhesive layer stacked thereon, a decorative film layer having minute holes having a diameter from 20 to 500 pm and a number density from 2 to 700 pieces/cm 2 , and a glass cloth layer".
• a part of a heat quantity measured by a cone calorimeter comes from the burning or the like of a base material (wall material) to which the film for wallpaper is applied, such as paper covering plasterboard, regardless of the burning of the film for wallpaper. Therefore, even if the nonflammablity of the decorative film for wallpaper alone is improved, the nonflammable material qualification may not be obtained only by the decorative film. Therefore, it is preferable to improve not only the film for wallpaper but also the nonflammablity of the base material to which the film for wallpaper is applied.
• a fireproof layer on the surface of the base material such as the plasterboard, it is preferable to further reduce the heat quantity derived from the base material, and enhance a design freedom of the material applied to the surface of the base material, such as the material and thickness of the film for wallpaper.
• the present disclosure provides a liquid composition capable of forming a fireproof layer having high fireproof performance on a surface of a base material to which a film for wallpaper or the like is applied, a fireproof layer which can be formed using the liquid composition, a laminated structure including the fireproof layer, and a fireproofing method using the liquid composition.
• a liquid composition including: clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate; and a dimer or higher phosphate.
• a fireproof layer including: clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate; and a dimer or higher phosphate.
• a laminated structure including: a fireproof layer including clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate, and a dimer or higher phosphate; and a film disposed on the fireproof layer.
• a liquid composition capable of forming a fireproof layer having high fireproof performance on a surface of a base material to which a film for wallpaper or the like is applied, a fireproof layer which can be formed using the liquid composition, a laminated structure including the fireproof layer, and a fireproofing method using the liquid composition.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated structure according to one embodiment. Description of Embodiments
• film encompasses articles referred to as “sheets” .
• pressure sensitive adhering refers to properties of a material or a composition which has initial tackiness (tack) in an operation temperature range, for example, in the range of 0°C or higher and 50°C or lower, adheres to various surfaces with light pressure, and does not exhibit a phase change (from liquid to solid).
• a liquid composition according to one embodiment includes: clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate; and a dimer or higher phosphate.
• the montmorillonite is a kind of di-octahedral smectite, and is classified into an Na type mainly containing sodium ion as interlayer cation and a Ca type mainly containing calcium ion.
• the Na type montmorillonite has high swelling property, thickening property, and suspension stability as compared with the Ca type montmorillonite.
• the use of the Na type montmorillonite is advantageous in that it can impart the oxygen barrier property to the fireproof layer in a small amount. It is advantageous to use the Ca type montmorillonite in that a viscosity of the liquid composition is easily controlled and storage stability is high.
• the mica is classified into tri-octahedral mica and di-octahedral mica, any of which can be used.
• the tri-octahedral mica include phlogopite, biotite and the like, and examples of the di-octahedral mica include muscovite and the like.
• the mica has the swelling property.
• the mica is hydrophilic because it can be highly dispersed in aqueous compositions and has film forming property.
• Examples of the mica include SOMASIF ME- 100 (Katakura & Co-op Agri Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan).
• the hectorite is a type of tri -octahedral smectite. It is advantageous that the hectorite is a synthetic hectorite because an average diameter of the layered structure is small and
• LAPONITE-SL 25 examples include LAPONITE-S 482 (all are available from BYK Japan KK., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan), and SUMECTON-SWN (available from Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan).
• the montmorillonite can suppress heat from being generated due to the burning.
• the clay contains a combination of the montmorillonite and at least one selected from the group consisting of mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate.
• the montmorillonite which has a relatively small surface size of the layered structure, can fill voids of the layered structure of other clays to enhance fireproof performance of the fireproof layer or adhesion to the surface of the base material.
• an average diameter of the layered structure of the clay is about 5 nm or greater, about 10 nm or greater, or about 15 nm or greater, and about 100 pm or less, about 90 pm or less, or about 80 pm or less.
• the average diameter of the layered structure is an average diameter measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
• the clay has water dispersibility. Specifically, it is preferable that the clay has fluidity when 2 g of clay is mixed with 98 g of ion exchanged water.
• the clay can accelerate the dispersion of the layered structure in the aqueous liquid composition to more efficiently enhance the oxygen barrier property of the fireproof layer.
• the clay may be modified with a dispersant, a surface modifier and the like.
• the clay is contained in the liquid composition in amounts of about 30% by mass or greater, about 35% by mass or greater, or about 40% by mass or greater, and about 85% by mass or less, about 80% by mass or less, or about 75% by mass or less based on the solid content of the liquid composition. It is possible to improve flame retardancy by setting the content of the clay to be about 30% by mass or more. It is possible to enhance coating suitability by setting the content of the clay to be about 85% by mass or less.
• the dimer or higher phosphate can accelerate the dispersion of the clay in the liquid composition to reduce the viscosity of the liquid composition and enhance the coating suitability thereof.
• a card- house structure three-dimensional structure in which an end of one layered structure is coordinated to a plane of another layered structure
• the dimer or higher phosphate can inhibit the formation of the card-house structure by being bonded or coordinated to the end of the layered structure of the clay, and can enhance the dispersibility of the layered structure.
• the dimer or higher phosphate itself can serve as a nonflammable agent or a flame retardant, for example, as a flame retardant for cellulose.
• the dimer or higher phosphate can be represented by Expression: M n + 2 P 11 O 311 + 1 .
• M is a monovalent cation, and is selected from the group consisting of H + , Li + , Na + , and K + , and n is an integer from 2 to 30. It is advantageous that M is sodium in terms of price. It is advantageous that n is preferably from 2 to 21 in terms of the dispersibility of the clay.
• Examples of the dimer or higher phosphate include sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate.
• the phosphate may be in the form of a hydrate, and in this case, hydrated water is contained as a part of a solvent of the liquid composition.
• the dimer or higher phosphate is contained in the liquid composition in amounts of about 0.1% by mass or greater, about 0.5% by mass or greater, or about 1% by mass or greater, and about 10% by mass or less, about 7% by mass or less, or about 5% by mass or less based on the solid content of the liquid composition.
• the dispersibility of the clay can be improved by setting the content of the dimer or higher phosphate to about 0.1% by mass or greater.
• shrinkage, denaturation and the like of paper covering the base material, particularly the plasterboard can be suppressed. Shrinkage of the base material during burning can be suppressed,
• the hydrated water is not contained in the content of the dimer or higher phosphate.
• the liquid composition may further contain a film forming binder containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a water glass and an organic resin.
• the liquid composition containing the film forming binder can form the fireproof layer excellent in strength, heat resistance or cold resistance, adhesion to a base material, adhesion to a material disposed on the fireproof layer, and the like.
• the water glass is condensed during the formation of the fireproof layer to form a silicate coating film, and serves as a clay binder, in particular, as a heat resistant binder. Since the silicate coating film itself also has the oxygen barrier property, the nonflammable performance of the fireproof layer can be further enhanced.
• the water glass may react with the clay to form a geopolymer, which can effectively suppress the falling of the clay from the fireproof layer.
• the water glass examples include lithium silicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate.
• the lithium silicate can be advantageously used in terms of water resistance.
• the water glass is contained in the liquid composition in amounts of about 0.1% by mass or greater, about 0.5% by mass or greater, or about 1% by mass or greater, and about 70% by mass or less, about 65% by mass or less, or about 60% by mass or less based on the solid content of the liquid composition. It is possible to improve fire resistance by setting the content of the water glass to be about 0.1% by mass or greater. By setting the content of the water glass to be about 70% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the viscosity of the liquid composition from excessively increasing over time and enhance the storage stability of the liquid composition.
• organic resin examples include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, an oxazoline group-containing polymer and the like.
• the organic resin is contained in the liquid composition in amounts of about 2% by mass or greater, about 5% by mass or greater, or about 10% by mass or greater, and about 55% by mass or less, about 50% by mass or less, or about 45% by mass or less based on the solid content of the liquid composition. It is possible to improve the adhesion by setting the content of the organic resin to be about 2% by mass or greater. It is possible to improve the flame retardancy by setting the content of the organic resin to be about 55% by mass or less.
• the liquid composition contains a combination of the water glass and the organic resin as the film forming binder.
• the liquid composition may contain water, an organic solvent, or a combination thereof as a solvent.
• the liquid composition is an aqueous composition.
• the aqueous composition can be suitably used for interior applications where the work environment or construction period is restricted.
• the solid content of the liquid composition is about 1% by mass or greater, about 3% by mass or greater, or about 5% by mass or greater, and about 45% by mass or less, about 40% by mass or less, or about 35% by mass or less. It is possible to enhance the coating suitability by setting the solid content of the liquid composition to be about 45% by mass or less.
• the viscosity of the liquid composition can be about 1 mPa-s or greater, about 10 mPa-s or greater, or about 20 mPa-s or greater, and about 5500 mPa-s or less, about 5000 mPa-s or less, or about 4500 mPa-s or less, when measured using a rheometer (DISCOVERY HR-2, TA Instruments Japan Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan).
• the liquid composition can be used as a primer composition.
• the decorative film or the sheet having the adhesive layer can be attached on the fireproof layer formed using the liquid composition.
• the fireproof layer includes: clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate; and a dimer or higher phosphate.
• the clay and the dimer or higher phosphate are as described for the liquid composition.
• the fireproof layer can block oxygen to suppress the burning of the base material or the like covered by the fireproof layer and the heat generation by the burning.
• the fireproof layer can be formed using the liquid composition.
• the fireproof layer can be formed by applying the liquid composition to the surface of the base material by, for example, spraying, coating, immersion and the like, removing a solvent by air drying or heating as necessary, and heating reactive components such as the water glass to make the reactive components react with each other when containing the reactive components.
• the heating temperature can generally be from about 40°C to about 150°C.
• the heating time can generally be from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.
• a laminated structure includes a fireproof layer and a film disposed on the fireproof layer.
• the film may be a decorative film having a base material film layer and an adhesive layer on a back surface thereof, and may have a decorative layer, such as a printed layer, on a base material film layer directly or through another layer or between the base material film layer and the adhesive layer.
• the decorative film may be used for an interior or an exterior of a building.
• the base material film layer examples include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, a vinyl chloride- vinyl acetate copolymer, an acrylic resin, cellulose, and a fluorine resin.
• the base material film layer may be a single layer or a laminate of a plurality of layers.
• acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive contains tacky homopolymers of monomers or tacky copolymers of two or more of these monomers selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide,
• the laminated structure may further contain a base material, such as a wall material of a building, and the fireproof layer may be disposed on the base material.
• a laminated structure 100 illustrated in schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 has a fireproof layer 10 disposed on a base material 30, and a film 20 is disposed on the fireproof layer 10.
• the base material 30 is shown as one in which both sides of plasterboard 32 are coated with paper 34.
• the fireproof layer 10 is disposed on the base material 30 in FIG. 1, a component of the fireproof layer may penetrate and spread into a part of a surface layer portion of the base material or the entire area of the base material, and a boundary of the fireproof layer are not necessarily clear.
• the base material examples include plasterboard, mortar, cement, concrete, wood, stone, paper, cloth, glass, plastic, porous ceramics, rock wool acoustic board, calcium silicate board and the like.
• the base material is the plasterboard.
• the plasterboard may have one side or both sides coated with paper.
• the base material is not limited to a plate like shape such as a wall material, but the shape and material thereof is not limited as long as it is an object, such as a linear shape, a film shape, a spherical shape, an indeterminate shape, or a three-dimensional shape, to which a liquid composition can be applied.
• a sum of total heat values measured for 20 minutes in accordance with the ISO 5660-1 cone calorimeter test for the laminated structure can be set to be, for example, about 8 MJ/m 2 or less, about 7.2 MJ/m 2 or less, or about 6.5 MJ/m 2 or less.
• a sum of a total time for which a heat generation rate measured in accordance with the ISO 5660-1 cone calorimeter test for the laminated structure exceeds 200 kW/ m 2 can be set to be about 10 seconds or less, about 8 seconds or less, or about 5 seconds or less.
• a material in which the sum of the total heat values measured for 20 minutes is 8 MJ/m 2 or less and the sum of the total time for which the heat generation rate exceeds 200 kW/m 2 is 10 seconds or less are classified as an nonflammable material.
• an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive composition 38% by mass of solution of an acrylic copolymer was prepared as an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive composition by copolymerizing a monomer mixture of butyl acrylate/acrylate in ethyl acetate.
• the resulting pressure sensitive adhesive composition was applied to an embossed PVC film (3M Japan Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan) using a knife coat so that the thickness after drying was 40 pm, thereby preparing the applied decorative sheet.
• VINYBLAN 715 was mixed to obtain a coating liquid. 1.1 g (0.25 g of solid content) of the resulting coating liquid was applied to plasterboard, naturally dried, and then stuck to a decorative sheet to obtain a sample for evaluation.
• 0.020 g of sodium diphosphate decahydrate was added to 6.0 g of aqueous dispersion of KUNIPIA-G having 5.6% by mass of solid content, and the mixture was sufficiently mixed. Thereafter, 0.73 g of VINYBLAN 715 was mixed to obtain a coating liquid. 3.3 g (0.26 g of solid content) of the resulting coating liquid was applied to plasterboard GB-R, naturally dried, and then stuck to a decorative sheet to obtain a sample for evaluation.
• aqueous dispersion of SOMASIF ME-100 having 11% by mass of solid content and 0.045 g of sodium diphosphate decahydrate were added to 6.0 g of aqueous dispersion of KUNIPIA-G having 5.6% by mass of solid content, and the mixture was sufficiently mixed. Thereafter, 1.6 g of VINYBLAN 715 was mixed to obtain a coating liquid. 2.5 g (0.25 g of solid content) of the resulting coating liquid was applied to plasterboard GB-R, naturally dried, and then stuck to a decorative sheet to obtain a sample for evaluation.
• Example 10 While 255 g of distilled water was stirred, 45 g of LAPONITE-JS was slowly added and sufficiently stirred. After the mixture was left at room temperature for 12 hours or more, an aqueous dispersion having 15% by mass of solid content was obtained. 0.056 g of sodium diphosphate decahydrate was added to 5.0 g of the resulting aqueous dispersion, and the mixture was sufficiently mixed. Next, 0.3 g of KUNIPIA-G powder, 1.5 g of VINYBLAN 715, and 0.12 g of OLFINE EXP. 4123 were sufficiently mixed. Thereafter, 0.1 g of lithium silicate 75 was mixed to obtain a coating liquid. 1.2 g (0.26 g of solid content) of the resulting coating liquid was applied to plasterboard GB-R, naturally dried, and then stuck to a decorative sheet to obtain a sample for evaluation.
• Example 10 Example 10
• Tests were conducted in accordance with the ISO 5660-1 cone calorimeter test.
• a heat generation rate (kW/m 2 ) and a total heat value (MJ/m 2 ) as parameters were measured using the cone calorimeter (Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan).
• the test was conducted for 20 minutes in the state where a test piece (10 cm x 10 cm) was horizontally disposed on the sample installation portion of the cone calorimeter, and was applied with a radiant heat of 50 kW/m 2 from above the test piece given by a cone type electric heater to be ignited by a fire of an electric spark.
• the heat value was determined based on oxygen consumption by combustion gas analysis.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-07-22 JP JP2019134603A patent/JP7796466B2/ja active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-07-21 WO PCT/IB2020/056859 patent/WO2021014361A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2020-07-21 CN CN202080052800.1A patent/CN114144500B/zh active Active
  • 2020-07-21 US US17/628,613 patent/US20220325182A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2020-07-21 EP EP20843447.2A patent/EP4004146A4/en active Pending
• 2024
  • 2024-04-16 JP JP2024065830A patent/JP7818646B2/ja active Active
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