WO2021008009A1 - 单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置和测试方法 - Google Patents
单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置和测试方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention belongs to the research field of dynamic shearing mechanical properties and fracture laws of solid materials or structural surfaces. More specifically, it relates to a uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic load dynamic shear test device and a test method used for the study of the dynamic shear strength and dynamic shear failure law of solid materials such as rock, concrete, polymer, etc. or structural surfaces.
- the concentric cylindrical specimen is used to develop the rock
- the shear surface is located inside the sample, so the dynamic shear failure process of the rock cannot be observed in real time with high-speed photography equipment.
- the technical problems in the study of dynamic shear mechanical characteristics and shear failure laws under loading conditions The present invention proposes a uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device and test method, which can effectively compensate for the existing Hope The flaws of the rock dynamic shear experimental research carried out by Jinsen pressure bar.
- a single-axis bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device includes a supporting platform, a loading rod system, an electromagnetic pulse emission system, a normal pressure servo control loading system, and a data monitoring and acquisition system.
- the supporting platform provides the function of a basic supporting platform for the entire test device, and undertakes the weight of the entire device and the impact of dynamic and static loads during testing.
- the loading rod system includes the left and right stress wave loading rods of the same material and size and processing accuracy that meet different test requirements, which can transmit and apply dynamic shear load to the test specimen.
- the electromagnetic pulse emission system includes the left and right electromagnetic pulse excitation chambers of the same material, model and processing accuracy, and the electromagnetic pulse emission control system, which plays a role in providing dynamic shear pulse load for the test specimen.
- the normal pressure servo control loading system includes a hydraulic loading cylinder, an actuator, a base, and a normal pressure servo control system, which plays a role in providing a constant normal pressure for the test sample.
- the function of the normal pressure servo control loading system is to programmatically control the loading, maintenance and unloading of the oil source system, which can ensure that the normal static pressure remains constant during the dynamic shearing process.
- the data monitoring and acquisition system includes strain gauges, Wheatstone bridges, strain signal amplifiers, multi-channel high-speed synchronous recorders and computers, which play a role in real-time monitoring, recording and storage of shear dynamic response data during the testing process.
- the present invention provides a uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device, which includes a support platform, a left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, a left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, and a left stress Wave loading rod, stress wave loading rod support, right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, right stress wave loading rod, bottom plate, top plate, support column, hydraulic loading device, actuator, base Seat, test specimen and strain gauge;
- the test device is centered on the test sample and arranged on its left and right sides.
- the left dynamic shear loading device includes the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, the left stress wave loading rod and the stress wave loading Rod support, where the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity is placed on the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity and the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support can move and move along the axial direction of the loading rod on the support platform Fixed at a position that meets the test requirements; the left stress wave loading rod is placed flat in the slot of the stress wave loading rod support, and can slide freely left and right in the support slot; the incident of the left stress wave loading rod The end is in free contact with the right stress wave output end surface of the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, and the stress wave is transmitted to the left stress wave loading rod, and then the stress wave propagates along the rod axis to the test specimen and moves it from the left Apply dynamic shear load to the right;
- the right dynamic shear loading device includes the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, the right stress wave loading rod, and the stress wave loading rod support.
- the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity is placed on the right electromagnetic On the pulse excitation cavity support, the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity and the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support can move axially along the loading rod on the supporting platform and be fixed at a position that meets the test requirements;
- the right stress wave loading rod is flat Placed in the slot of the stress wave loading rod support, and can slide freely left and right in the slot of the support;
- the incident end of the stress wave loading rod on the right and the left stress wave output end of the electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity on the right are free Contact, the stress wave is transmitted to the stress wave loading rod on the right, and then the stress wave propagates to the test specimen along the rod axis direction and applies dynamic shear load to it from right to left;
- the normal pressure servo-controlled loading system includes a bottom plate, a top plate, a support column, a hydraulic loading device, an actuator, and a base.
- the bottom plate and the top plate are connected by the support column to form the loading frame system of the normal pressure servo-controlled loading device.
- Hydraulic loading The device is fixed on the top plate, the actuator is connected with the hydraulic loading device, and is used to transmit the oil pressure provided by the hydraulic loading device to the upper surface of the test specimen.
- the base is located on the bottom plate for placing the test specimen, and the base Together with the actuator, it forms a set of force and reaction force structures, which respectively apply static normal pressure to the test specimen from the lower surface and the upper surface;
- strain gauges are respectively pasted on the upper and lower surfaces of the left stress wave loading rod and the right stress wave loading rod.
- the present invention also includes a signal amplifier, a data recorder and a computer.
- the strain gage passes the strain signal monitored on the left stress wave loading rod and the right stress wave loading rod through the shielded wire. It is transmitted to the signal amplifier via the Wheatstone bridge, the strain signal is amplified by the signal amplifier and then output to the data recorder through the shielded wire for recording and storage. Finally, the strain signal data is output from the data recorder to the computer for analysis and processing through the data cable.
- the bottom plate and the top plate are connected by four cylindrical support columns to form the loading frame system of the normal pressure servo-controlled loading device.
- the hydraulic loading device is fixed at the center of the top plate, and the base is located in the center of the bottom plate.
- the strain gauges are respectively attached to the center positions of the upper and lower surfaces of the left stress wave loading rod and the right stress wave loading rod.
- the single-axis two-way synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test test method uses the test device described in any one of the above to perform the following operations:
- the electromagnetic pulse excitation control system is operated to drive the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity and the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity to synchronously excite and output the incident stress wave with the set amplitude and duration of the experiment.
- the incident stress wave then follows the left and right sides.
- the loading rod propagates to the test specimen and performs dynamic shear loading on it;
- the strain gauges attached to the left and right loading rods are used to monitor the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal in the rod in real time.
- the strain signal data monitored by the strain gauges are used to display the test specimen with a single joint surface during the dynamic shearing process
- the dynamic shear load applied on the left and right ends is basically the same, it is considered that the dynamic shear process of the granite with a single joint surface has reached a stress equilibrium state.
- the strain data monitored by the strain gauges are used according to the following Calculate with the above formula to obtain the dynamic shear strength ⁇ (t) of the test specimen under the test set normal pressure:
- E and A are the elastic modulus of the stress wave loaded rod and the cross-sectional area of the rod, respectively;
- ⁇ left incident and ⁇ left reflection are the stress waves loaded by the strain gauge from the left
- the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal monitored on the rod
- ⁇ right incident and ⁇ right reflection are the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal monitored by the strain gauge from the right stress wave loading rod, respectively.
- the normal static pressure remains constant under the control of the normal hydraulic loading servo control system, thereby realizing a dynamic shear loading test with a constant normal pressure.
- test sample is placed in the center of the surface of the base.
- the dynamic shear loading process uses an ultra-high-speed camera to shoot 10 to 1 million frames of photos per second to take real-time shots of the joint surface dynamic shear failure process of the joint surface of the test sample. It is used to analyze the dynamic shear fracture law of the test specimen.
- the loading process monitors the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal in the rod in real time through strain gauges pasted at the center of the loading rod on the left and right sides, and transmits them to the signal amplifier through the shielded wire via the Wheatstone bridge After the strain signal is amplified by the signal amplifier, it is output to the data recorder for recording and storage through the shielded wire, and finally the strain signal data is output from the data recorder to the computer for analysis and processing through the data line.
- the stress wave loading rod of the uniaxial two-way synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device is a rectangular cross-section rod, equipped with different sizes of stress wave loading rods, which can be used to develop complete rock samples of different sizes or contain a single joint
- the dynamic shear test of the rock joint sample made up for the defect that the existing device cannot carry out the research on the dynamic shear mechanical properties and failure law of the larger-size rock sample.
- the electromagnetic pulse stress wave excitation system of the uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device can accurately control and repeatedly generate incident stress waves of different amplitudes and durations, which solves the existing dynamics based on the traditional Hopkinson bar device It is difficult to accurately control and repeatedly generate incident stress waves in shear tests, and the two-way electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity simultaneously excites and loads incident stress waves, which not only ensures that the load on both ends of the specimen is equal during the dynamic shear process, but also greatly shortens the test. The sample test process reaches the dynamic shear stress equilibrium time, which makes the test result more reliable.
- test specimens used in the uniaxial two-way synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device and test method are rectangular or cubic, and the test specimens can be complete rock specimens or jointed rock specimens with a single joint plane, dynamic shear
- the front and rear surfaces of the sample ie, the shearing side
- High-speed photography equipment can be used to capture the dynamic shear crack initiation, propagation and penetration process of the shearing side in real time, which solves the problem of the traditional concentric cylinder sample. Monitor the defects of shear crack propagation law.
- the normal pressure servo control loading system of the uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device and test method can realize the normal static pressure servo control loading and can realize the dynamic shear test of the constant normal stress under different normal stress conditions , which makes up for the inability of the existing dynamic shear device to carry out the dynamic shear test with constant normal stress, making the dynamic shear test research of rock specimens closer to the real working conditions.
- Figure 1 Three-dimensional diagram of a uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device
- Figure 2 The front view of the uniaxial bidirectional synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device
- Figure 3 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation under uniaxial bidirectional electromagnetic control synchronous loading
- Figure 4 Three-dimensional diagram of the stress wave loading rod support
- Figure 5 The three-dimensional diagram of the contact between the stress wave loading rod and the loading end of the complete shear specimen
- Figure 6 The three-dimensional diagram of the contact between the stress wave loading rod and the loading end surface of a shear specimen with a single joint surface.
- 1-support platform 2-left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity, 3-left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, 4-left stress wave loading rod, 5-stress wave loading rod support, 6-right electromagnetic pulse excitation Cavity, 7-right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support, 8-right stress wave loading rod, 9-bottom plate, 10-top plate, 11-support column, 12-hydraulic loading device, 13-actuator, 14-base Seat, 15-test specimen, 16-strain gauge.
- Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a single-axis two-way synchronous control electromagnetic loading dynamic shear test device, including a supporting platform, a loading rod system, an electromagnetic pulse emission system, a normal pressure servo control loading system, and a data monitoring and acquisition system.
- the testing device is centered on the test sample 15 and arranged on its left and right sides.
- the left dynamic shear loading device includes the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2, the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 3, and the left stress wave loading rod 4 And stress wave loading rod support 5, where the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2 is placed on the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 3, the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2 and the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 3 can be supported
- the platform 1 moves axially along the loading rod and is fixed at a position that meets the requirements of the test; the left stress wave loading rod 4 lies flat in the slot of the stress wave loading rod support 5, and can be free in the support slot
- the incident end of the left stress wave loading rod 4 ie the left end face of the rod
- the stress wave is transferred to the left stress wave loading
- the right dynamic shear loading device includes the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 6, the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 7, the right stress wave loading rod 8 and the stress wave loading rod support 5.
- the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 6 Placed on the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 7, the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 6 and the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity support 7 can be moved on the supporting platform 1 along the axial direction of the loading rod and fixed in a position that meets the test requirements
- the right stress wave loading rod 8 is placed flat in the slot of the stress wave loading rod support 5, and can slide freely left and right in the support slot; the incident end of the right stress wave loading rod 8 (ie the rod The right end surface) is in free contact with the left stress wave output end surface of the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 6, and the stress wave is transmitted to the right stress wave loading rod, and then the stress wave propagates to the test sample along the rod axis direction. It applies dynamic shear load from right to left.
- the normal pressure servo control loading system includes a bottom plate 9, a top plate 10, a support column 11, a hydraulic loading device 12, an actuator 13, and a base 14.
- the bottom plate 9 and the top plate 10 are connected by four cylindrical support columns 11 to form a method
- the hydraulic loading device 12 is fixed at the center of the top plate 10, and the two are welded into an integral structure.
- the actuator 13 is connected with the hydraulic loading device 12 to provide the hydraulic loading device.
- the oil pressure is transmitted to the upper surface of the test sample 15.
- the base 14 is located in the center of the bottom plate 9 for placing the test sample 15, and together with the actuator 13, it forms a set of force and reaction force structures, respectively
- the sample 15 applies static normal pressure from the lower surface and the upper surface.
- the data monitoring and acquisition system includes strain gauges 16 (such as resistance strain gauges), signal amplifiers, data recorders and computers.
- the strain gauges 16 are respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the left stress wave loading rod 4 and the right stress wave loading rod 8.
- the strain gauge 16 transmits the strain signals monitored on the left and right stress wave loading bars 4 and 8 respectively through the shielded wire to the signal amplifier through the Wheatstone bridge, and the strain signal is transmitted through the signal After the amplifier is amplified, it is output to the data recorder for recording and storage through the shielded wire, and finally the strain signal data is output from the data recorder to the computer for analysis and processing through the data cable.
- the stress balance state can be calculated using the strain data monitored by the strain gauge 16 according to the following formula to obtain the dynamic shear strength ⁇ (t) of the rock-like material under the test set normal pressure.
- E and A are the elastic modulus and the cross-sectional area of the rod loaded by the stress wave respectively;
- a s is the shear surface area of the test specimen;
- ⁇ left incident and ⁇ left reflection are the stress waves from the left side of the strain gauge, respectively.
- the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal monitored on the loading rod, ⁇ right incidence and ⁇ right reflection are the incident strain signal and reflected strain signal monitored by the strain gauge from the right stress wave loading rod, in which the uniaxial bidirectional electromagnetic control synchronous loading
- the schematic diagram of stress wave propagation is shown in Figure 3.
- test sample 15 Place the processed and polished cubic red sandstone (test sample 15) of 100mm in length, width and height on the center of the surface of the base 14.
- TC21 titanium alloy with a length of 2m, a width of 100mm and a height of 50mm, respectively
- the left stress wave loading bar 4 is placed flat in the slot of the stress wave loading bar support 5, and the left stress wave loading bar 4 can slide freely in the slot, and then the left stress wave loading bar 4
- the right loading end surface of the red sandstone cube ie test sample 15 is aligned with the lower half of the dynamic shear loading surface on the left side and fully fitted together.
- the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2 is placed on the left electromagnetic Pulse excitation cavity support 3, and adjust the two to the end of the left stress wave loading rod 4, so that the right stress wave output end surface of the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2 is incident on the left stress wave loading rod 4
- the stress wave loading end faces are aligned and fully fit together; in the same way, the TC21 titanium alloy right stress wave loading rod 8 with a length of 2m, a width and a height of 100mm and 50mm, respectively, is placed flat on the stress wave loading rod support 5.
- the hydraulic loading device 12 is adjusted by the normal hydraulic loading servo control system to drive the actuator 13 to apply a static normal pressure on the upper surface of the test specimen 15 according to the set loading rate, until the normal pressure reaches the set After setting and maintaining a stable value, operate
- the strain signal is amplified by the signal amplifier and output to the data recorder through the shielded wire for recording and storage, and finally through the data Wire the strain signal data from the data recorder to the computer for analysis and processing; in addition, the dynamic shear loading process can also use ultra-high-speed camera (E.g. Kirana05M ultra-high-speed camera) at a rate of 100,000 to 1 million frames per second to take real-time shooting of the side of the shear surface of the cube red sandstone (i.e. test specimen 15). Dynamic shear crack initiation, propagation and penetration. , And used it to analyze the dynamic shear fracture law of red sandstone.
- ultra-high-speed camera E.g. Kirana05M ultra-high-speed camera
- the dynamic shearing process of the cube red sandstone can be considered The stress equilibrium state is reached.
- using the strain data monitored by the strain gauge 16 can be calculated according to the following formula to obtain the dynamics of the red sandstone material under the test set normal pressure (for example, 5MPa) Shear strength ⁇ (t).
- E and A are the elastic modulus (107.8GPa) of the stress wave loaded rod and the cross-sectional area of the rod (5000mm 2 );
- a s is the shear surface area of the test sample (10000mm 2 , the edge of the red sandstone sample Length is 100mm);
- ⁇ left incidence and ⁇ left reflection are the incident strain signal and reflected strain signal monitored by the strain gauge from the stress wave loading rod on the left,
- ⁇ right incidence and ⁇ right reflection are the stress waves of the strain gauge from the right The incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal monitored on the loading rod.
- the electromagnetic pulse excitation control system After the normal pressure reaches the set value and remains stable, operate the electromagnetic pulse excitation control system to drive the left electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 2 and the right electromagnetic pulse excitation cavity 6 Simultaneously excite and output an incident stress wave with a set amplitude (e.g. 300MPa) and duration (e.g. 200 ⁇ s) for the test.
- a set amplitude e.g. 300MPa
- duration e.g. 200 ⁇ s
- the incident stress wave then propagates along the left and right loading rods to the granite with a single joint plane (ie test sample 15) And carry out dynamic shear loading; it needs to be explained that in the dynamic shear loading process, the normal static pressure remains constant under the control of the normal hydraulic loading servo control system, so as to realize the dynamic shear with constant normal pressure Loading test; during the loading process, the strain gage 16 pasted on the center of the loading rod on the left and right sides can monitor the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal in the rod in real time, and transmit it to the signal amplifier through the shielded wire through the Wheatstone bridge.
- the strain signal is amplified by the signal amplifier and then output to the data logger for recording and storage through the shielded wire, and finally the strain signal data is transferred through the data cable Output from the data recorder to the computer for analysis and processing;
- the dynamic shear loading process can also use ultra-high-speed camera (such as Kirana05M ultra-high-speed camera) to capture 100,000 to 1 million frames per second.
- the shear surface side of the granite with a single joint surface (test sample 15) was photographed in real time for the dynamic shear failure process of the joint surface, and it was used to analyze the dynamic shear fracture law of the granite with a single joint surface.
- the strain signal data monitored by the strain gauge 16 shows that the dynamic shear load applied to the left and right ends of the granite with a single joint surface (test sample 15) during the dynamic shear process is basically the same, it can be considered that there is a single joint surface
- the strain data monitored by the strain gauge 16 can be used to calculate according to the following formula to obtain a granite sample with a single joint surface.
- E and A are the elastic modulus (107.8GPa) of the stress wave loaded rod and the cross-sectional area of the rod (5000mm 2 );
- a s is the shear surface area of the test specimen (20000mm 2 , with a single joint surface The length and width of the granite shear plane are 200mm and 100mm respectively);
- ⁇ left incidence and ⁇ left reflection are the incident strain signal and reflected strain signal monitored by the strain gauge from the left stress wave loading rod, ⁇ right incidence and ⁇ right reflection They are the incident strain signal and the reflected strain signal monitored by the strain gauge from the stress wave loading rod on the right.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置,其特征在于:包括支撑平台(1)、左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)、左侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(3)、左侧应力波加载杆(4)、应力波加载杆支座(5)、右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)、右侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(7)、右侧应力波加载杆(8)、底板(9)、顶板(10)、支撑柱(11)、液压加载装置(12)、作动器(13)、基座(14)、测试试样(15)及应变片(16);试验装置以测试试样(15)为中心,布置于其左右两侧,左侧动态剪切加载装置包括左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)、左侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(3)、左侧应力波加载杆(4)和应力波加载杆支座(5),其中左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)安置于左侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(3)上,左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)和左侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(3)能够在支撑平台(1)上沿加载杆轴向移动并固定在满足试验需求的位置处;左侧应力波加载杆(4)平放在应力波加载杆支座(5)的卡槽内,并能够在支座卡槽内自由的左右滑动;左侧应力波加载杆(4)的入射端与左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)的右侧应力波输出端面自由接触,将应力波传入至左侧应力波加载杆,随后应力波沿着杆轴线方向向测试试样传播并对其进行从左往右施加动态剪切荷载;右侧动态剪切加载装置包括右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)、右侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(7)、右侧应力波加载杆(8)以及应力波加载杆支座(5),其中右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)安置于右侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(7)上,右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)和右侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(7)能够在支撑平台(1)上沿加载杆轴向移动并固定在满足试验需求的位置处;右侧应力波加载杆(8)平放在应力波加载杆支座(5)的卡槽内,并能够在支座卡槽内自由的左右滑动;右侧应力波加载杆(8)的入射端与右侧电磁脉冲激发 腔(6)的左侧应力波输出端面自由接触,将应力波传入至右侧应力波加载杆,随后应力波沿着杆轴线方向向测试试样传播并对其进行从右往左施加动态剪切荷载;法向压力伺服控制加载系统包括底板(9)、顶板(10)、支撑柱(11)、液压加载装置(12)、作动器(13)和基座(14),其中底板(9)和顶板(10)通过支撑柱(11)连接起来构成法向压力伺服控制加载装置的加载框架系统,液压加载装置(12)固定在顶板(10)上,作动器(13)与液压加载装置(12)连接,用于将液压加载装置提供的油压传递至测试试样(15)的上表面,基座(14)位于底板(9)上,用于安放测试试样(15),并且基座(14)与作动器(13)一起构成一组作用力和反作用力结构,分别对测试试样(15)从下表面和上表面施加静态法向压力;所述应变片(16)分别粘贴于左侧应力波加载杆(4)和右侧应力波加载杆(8)的上下表面。
- 根据权利要求1所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置,其特征在于:还包括信号放大器、数据记录仪和计算机,动态剪切测试时,应变片(16)将左侧应力波加载杆(4)和右侧应力波加载杆(8)上分别监测到的应变信号通过屏蔽导线经由惠斯通电桥传输至信号放大器,应变信号经由信号放大器放大后通过屏蔽导线输出至数据记录仪进行记录和存储,最终通过数据线将应变信号数据由数据记录仪输出至计算机上进行分析处理。
- 根据权利要求1所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置,其特征在于:其中底板(9)和顶板(10)通过四根圆柱状支撑柱(11)连接起来构成法向压力伺服控制加载装置的加载框架系统。
- 根据权利要求1所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置,其特征在于: 液压加载装置(12)固定在顶板(10)的中心位置,基座(14)位于底板(9)的正中央。
- 根据权利要求1所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验装置,其特征在于:所述应变片(16)分别粘贴于左侧应力波加载杆(4)和右侧应力波加载杆(8)的上下表面中心位置处。
- 单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验测试方法,其特征在于:其利用权利要求1至5任意一项所述的试验装置,进行以下操作:将加工并打磨好的测试试样(15)安置于基座(14)上,将左侧应力波加载杆(4)平放在加载杆支座(5)的卡槽内,并确保左侧应力波加载杆(4)可在卡槽内自由的左右滑动,随后将左侧应力波加载杆(4)的右侧加载端面与带测试试样(15)左侧动态剪切加载面的下半截面对齐并充分贴合在一起,同时将左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)安置于左侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(3)上,并将二者调节至左侧应力波加载杆(4)的末端,以使左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)的右侧应力波输出端面与左侧应力波加载杆(4)的入射应力波加载端面对齐并充分贴合在一起;将右侧应力波加载杆(8)平放在加载杆支座(5)的卡槽内,并确保右侧应力波加载杆(8)可在卡槽内自由的左右滑动,随后将右侧应力波加载杆(8)的左侧加载端面与测试试样(15)右侧动态剪切加载面的上半截面对齐并充分贴合在一起,同时将右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)安置于右侧电磁脉冲激发腔支座(7)上,并将二者调节至右侧应力波加载杆(8)的末端,以使右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(8)的左侧应力波输出端面与右侧应力波加载杆(8)的入射应力波加载端面对齐并充分贴合在一起;根据试验设定法向压力值,通过法向液压加载伺服控制系统调节液压加载装置(12) 驱动作动器(13)在测试试样(15)上表面根据设定加载速率施加静态法向压力,待法向压力达到设定值并保持稳定后,操作电磁脉冲激发控制系统驱动左侧电磁脉冲激发腔(2)和右侧电磁脉冲激发腔(6)同步激发并输出试验设定幅值和持续时长的入射应力波,入射应力波随后沿左右两侧加载杆向测试试样(15)传播并对其进行动态剪切加载;加载过程通过粘贴在左右两侧加载杆的应变片(16),实时监测杆中入射应变信号和反射应变信号,当利用应变片(16)所监测到的应变信号数据显示动态剪切过程带单一节理面的测试试样(15)左右两端面所施加的动态剪切荷载基本一致时,认为带单一节理面的花岗岩动态剪切过程达到了应力平衡状态,根据一维应力波传播理论,利用应变片(16)所监测的应变数据,按照下述公式进行计算,获取测试试样在试验设定法向压力下的动态剪切强度τ(t):其中,E和A分别为应力波加载杆的弹性模量与杆的横截面面积;A s为测试试样的剪切面面积,ε 左入射和ε 左反射分别为应变片从左侧应力波加载杆上监测的入射应变信号和反射应变信号,ε 右入射和ε 右反射分别为应变片从右侧应力波加载杆上监测的入射应变信号和反射应变信号。
- 根据权利要求6所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验测试方法,其特征在于:所述动态剪切加载过程,法向静态压力在法向液压加载伺服控制系统的调控下保持恒定不变,从而实现恒定法向压力的动态剪切加载试验。
- 根据权利要求6所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验测试方法,其特征在于:测试试样(15)安置于基座(14)的表面正中心。
- 根据权利要求6所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验测试方法,其特征 在于:动态剪切加载过程,利用超高速摄像仪以每秒拍摄10至100万帧相片的速率对测试试样(15)剪切面侧面进行实时拍摄节理面动态剪切破坏过程,将其用于分析测试试样(15)的动态剪切破裂规律。
- 根据权利要求6所述的单轴双向同步控制电磁加载动态剪切试验测试方法,其特征在于:加载过程通过粘贴在左右两侧加载杆中心位置处的应变片(16)实时监测杆中入射应变信号和反射应变信号,并将其通过屏蔽导线经由惠斯通电桥传输至信号放大器,应变信号经由信号放大器放大后通过屏蔽导线输出至数据记录仪进行记录和存储,最终再通过数据线将应变信号数据由数据记录仪输出至计算机上进行分析处理。
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