WO2021004148A1 - 一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021004148A1
WO2021004148A1 PCT/CN2020/089525 CN2020089525W WO2021004148A1 WO 2021004148 A1 WO2021004148 A1 WO 2021004148A1 CN 2020089525 W CN2020089525 W CN 2020089525W WO 2021004148 A1 WO2021004148 A1 WO 2021004148A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
electronic device
effective diameter
refractive index
object side
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/089525
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林威智
叶海水
葛洪
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to BR112022000042A priority Critical patent/BR112022000042A2/pt
Priority to EP20836482.8A priority patent/EP3985422B1/en
Priority to JP2022500985A priority patent/JP7375157B2/ja
Priority to US17/623,154 priority patent/US20220365322A1/en
Priority to KR1020227003236A priority patent/KR20220025050A/ko
Publication of WO2021004148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021004148A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • H04M1/0264—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a camera module assembly
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/021—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses for more than one lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/022—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses lens and mount having complementary engagement means, e.g. screw/thread
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/12—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B29/00—Combinations of cameras, projectors or photographic printing apparatus with non-photographic non-optical apparatus, e.g. clocks or weapons; Cameras having the shape of other objects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/90—Arrangement of cameras or camera modules, e.g. multiple cameras in TV studios or sports stadiums

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of terminal technology, and in particular, to a lens, a camera, and an electronic device.
  • the shooting function is already an indispensable function for electronic devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, etc.).
  • electronic devices In order to obtain good image quality and camera effects, electronic devices will install multiple cameras to provide a wide range of photography functions.
  • the camera device mainly includes a front camera and a rear camera.
  • the front camera is set on the side facing the display screen of the electronic device, and the rear camera is set on the side facing the back cover of the electronic device.
  • the front camera mainly includes: lens, support base, filter, photosensitive element and flexible circuit board (FPC).
  • FPC flexible circuit board
  • the lens includes a lens barrel 1 and arranged in the lens barrel 1 in sequence: a first lens G1, a first light shielding sheet M1, a second lens G2, a second light shielding sheet M2, The third lens G3, the third shading sheet M3, the first spacer S11, the fourth shading sheet M4, the fourth lens G4, the fifth shading sheet M5, the second spacer S12, the sixth shading sheet M6, and the fifth lens G5 ⁇ 2.
  • the head of the above-mentioned lens is larger, which causes a larger opening on the display screen and reduces the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen.
  • the present application provides a lens, a camera and an electronic device, which reduce the size of the head of the lens, so that the openings for placing the camera on the display screen are reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen is increased.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a display screen, a middle frame, a back cover, and at least one camera, the display screen and the back cover are located on both sides of the middle frame, and the cameras are provided at all sides. On the middle frame and one end of the camera faces the display screen.
  • the camera includes at least a lens, a bracket, a photosensitive element, and a flexible board.
  • the bracket is located between the lens and the flexible board, and the photosensitive element is located on an end of the flexible board opposite to the lens.
  • An opening is formed on the display screen, and the end of the lens facing the image side extends into the opening.
  • the lens includes: a lens barrel and a lens group arranged in the lens barrel, the end of the lens barrel facing the object side has a shoulder; the lens near the object side in the lens group has a convex surface, the convex surface Protruding the shoulders.
  • the convex surface protrudes behind the shoulder of the lens barrel, so that the head of the lens can be reduced without affecting the maximum field of view of the lens, making the head of the lens more compact Therefore, the size of the opening on the display screen is reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen is increased.
  • the maximum distance that the convex surface protrudes from the shoulder is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm.
  • the head of the lens tends to be miniaturized, which makes the opening on the display screen smaller.
  • the hole size is reduced to increase the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen.
  • the lens near the object side in the lens group includes: an effective diameter area and a non-effective diameter area, the non-effective diameter area is surrounded by the outer edge of the effective diameter area, so The surface of the effective diameter area facing the object side is the convex surface;
  • the ratio of the central thickness of the effective diameter area to the thickness of the non-effective diameter area is 2.5 to 3.5.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the effective diameter area to the central thickness of the effective diameter area is greater than 3.
  • the effective diameter of the lens can be obtained.
  • the top wall thickness of the lens barrel is 0.1-0.25 mm. In this way, the top wall thickness of the lens barrel can be reduced to 0.1mm, the size of the lens head is smaller, and the opening of the display screen can be further reduced.
  • the lens group includes at least: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens.
  • the first lens is close to the object side
  • the fifth lens The lens is close to the image side, and the convex surface is located on the side of the first lens facing the object side.
  • the first lens and the fourth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55 plastic lens.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens is a plastic lens made of resin material, and the melt index of the resin material is greater than 20 g/10 min.
  • the first lens is a glass lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the fourth lens is a plastic lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the third lens, and the The fourth lens is a plastic lens with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens has positive refractive power
  • the fourth lens has negative refractive power
  • the first lens has a light-gathering function
  • the fourth lens has a diffusing function, so that the lens group can shorten the optical path difference and increase the ability of the lens group to deflect light beams.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens and the fourth lens are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are greater than 40.
  • the lens group includes at least: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens, and the first lens is close to the object side, The sixth lens is close to the image side, and the convex surface is located on the side of the first lens facing the object side.
  • the first lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the six lenses are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens is a glass lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the third lens and the fifth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the The fourth lens and the sixth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens has positive refractive power
  • the third lens has negative refractive power
  • the fifth lens has positive refractive power
  • the first lens has a condensing function
  • the third lens has a diffusing function
  • the fifth lens has a condensing function, so that the lens group can shorten the optical path difference, and can increase the light beam refracting ability of the lens group.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens, the fourth lens and the sixth lens The dispersion coefficient is greater than 40.
  • it further includes: a protection structure: the protection structure is provided on the shoulder, and one end of the protection structure extends to an end of the convex surface close to the shoulder.
  • the protective structure Through the protective structure, the convex outer edge of the lens can be protected.
  • the protective structure can be blackened (for example, the inner side of the protective structure and the side facing the display screen are blacked), brightened or sandblasted to achieve shielding The effect of stray light.
  • the protective structure can also play a decorative role on the shoulder of the lens barrel, making the shoulder of the lens barrel darker in appearance.
  • the display screen includes: a transparent protective cover and a display module, and a position corresponding to the lens of the display module is provided with the opening.
  • the display module is an OLED display module, or the display module is a liquid crystal display module.
  • the liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight element, the liquid crystal panel is located between the lens protection cover and the backlight element, the backlight element is provided with the opening, or the backlight element and the backlight element The connected openings are provided on the liquid crystal panel.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a lens, which includes a lens barrel and a lens group arranged in the lens barrel, and the end of the lens barrel facing the object side has a shoulder.
  • the lens on the object side in the lens group has a convex surface, and the convex surface protrudes from the shoulder.
  • the convex surface protrudes behind the shoulder of the lens barrel, so that the head of the lens can be reduced without affecting the maximum field of view of the lens, making the head of the lens more compact Therefore, the size of the opening on the display screen is reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen is increased.
  • the maximum distance that the convex surface protrudes from the shoulder is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm.
  • the head of the lens tends to be miniaturized, which makes the opening on the display screen smaller.
  • the hole size is reduced to increase the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen.
  • the lens near the object side in the lens group includes: an effective diameter area and a non-effective diameter area, the non-effective diameter area is surrounded by the outer edge of the effective diameter area, so The surface of the effective diameter area facing the object side is the convex surface;
  • the ratio of the central thickness of the effective diameter area to the thickness of the non-effective diameter area is 2.5 to 3.5.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the effective diameter area to the central thickness of the effective diameter area is greater than 3.
  • the effective diameter of the lens can be obtained.
  • the top wall thickness of the lens barrel is 0.1-0.25 mm.
  • the top wall thickness of the lens barrel can be reduced to 0.1mm, the size of the lens head is smaller, and the opening of the display screen can be further reduced.
  • the lens group includes at least: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens.
  • the first lens is close to the object side
  • the fifth lens The lens is close to the image side, and the convex surface is located on the side of the first lens facing the object side.
  • the first lens and the fourth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55 plastic lens.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens is a plastic lens made of resin material, and the melt index of the resin material is greater than 20 g/10 min.
  • the first lens is a glass lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the fourth lens is a plastic lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the third lens, and the The fourth lens is a plastic lens with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens has positive refractive power
  • the fourth lens has negative refractive power
  • the first lens has a light-gathering function
  • the fourth lens has a diffusing function, so that the lens group can shorten the optical path difference and increase the ability of the lens group to deflect light beams.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens and the fourth lens are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are greater than 40.
  • the lens group includes at least: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens, and the first lens is close to the object side, The sixth lens is close to the image side, and the convex surface is located on the side of the first lens facing the object side.
  • the first lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the six lenses are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens is a glass lens with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the third lens and the fifth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index greater than 1.6
  • the second lens, the The fourth lens and the sixth lens are plastic lenses with a refractive index less than 1.55.
  • the lens group orientation is shortened.
  • the distance between the surface on the object side and the photosensitive element reduces the height of the camera formed in this way, and when applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the electronic equipment can be reduced.
  • the first lens has positive refractive power
  • the third lens has negative refractive power
  • the fifth lens has positive refractive power
  • the first lens has a condensing function
  • the third lens has a diffusing function
  • the fifth lens has a condensing function, so that the lens group can shorten the optical path difference, and can increase the light beam refracting ability of the lens group.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens, the third lens and the fifth lens are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens, the fourth lens and the sixth lens The dispersion coefficient is greater than 40.
  • it further includes: a protection structure: the protection structure is provided on the shoulder, and one end of the protection structure extends to an end of the convex surface close to the shoulder.
  • the protective structure Through the protective structure, the convex outer edge of the lens can be protected.
  • the protective structure can be blackened (for example, the inner side of the protective structure and the side facing the display screen are blacked), brightened or sandblasted to achieve shielding The effect of stray light.
  • the protective structure can also play a decorative role on the shoulder of the lens barrel, making the shoulder of the lens barrel darker in appearance.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a camera, which at least includes: any one of the above-mentioned lens, a bracket, a photosensitive element, and a flexible board, the bracket is located between the lens and the flexible board, and the photosensitive element Located on the opposite end of the flexible board and the lens.
  • the lens in the lens group close to the object side has a convex surface, which protrudes from the shoulder of the lens barrel, so that the head of the lens can be reduced without affecting the maximum field of view of the lens, making the lens
  • the head tends to be miniaturized, so that the size of the opening on the display screen is reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen is increased.
  • the camera is a front camera, or the camera is a rear camera.
  • the camera is used as a front camera, which can reduce the size of the opening on the display for placing the lens.
  • the size of the lens head is reduced, so that the rear cover is placed on the rear camera.
  • the openings are reduced, the appearance of the back cover is more beautiful, and the strength of the back cover is better.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a conventional lens
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the transparent protective cover and the display module in the display screen of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the transparent protective cover, the liquid crystal panel, and the backlight element in the display screen of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a front camera in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a front camera, a display screen, a frame, and a back cover in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a front camera, a display screen, a middle frame, and a back cover of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a lens in a front camera of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure between the first lens in the lens and the liquid crystal panel
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure between the first lens and the liquid crystal panel in the lens provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first lens in a front camera of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of assembling the lens barrel and the first lens in the front camera of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a front camera, a liquid crystal panel, and a transparent protective cover of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application;
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the front camera lens group, filter and photosensitive element 24 of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a front camera lens group, a filter, and a photosensitive element 24 of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • An electronic device may include, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPC), handheld computers, walkie-talkies, netbooks, POS machines, and personal computers.
  • Mobile or fixed terminals with shooting functions such as personal digital assistant (PDA), driving recorder, and security equipment.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the mobile phone is the above electronic device as an example for description.
  • Figures 2 and 3 respectively show the overall and split structure of the mobile phone. See Figure 2 for the display of the mobile phone 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the screen can be a water drop screen, a notch screen or a hole-digging screen.
  • the following description takes the hole-digging screen as an example.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include a display screen 10 and a back cover 60, and a middle frame 30, a circuit board 40 and a battery 50 may be arranged between the display screen 10 and the back cover 60.
  • the circuit board 40 and the battery 50 may be arranged on the middle frame 30, for example, the circuit board 40 and the battery 50 may be arranged on the side of the middle frame 30 facing the back cover 60, or the circuit board 40 and the battery 50 may be arranged on the middle frame 30 The side facing the display screen 10.
  • the battery 50 can be connected to the charging management module and the circuit board 40 through the power management module.
  • the power management module receives input from the battery 50 and/or the charging management module, and is a processor, internal memory, external memory, display 10, camera, and communication Modules and other power supply.
  • the power management module can also be used to monitor the capacity of the battery 50, the number of cycles of the battery 50, and the health status of the battery 50 (leakage, impedance) and other parameters.
  • the power management module may also be provided in the processor of the circuit board 40.
  • the power management module and the charging management module may also be provided in the same device.
  • the display screen 10 may be an organic light-emitting diode (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED) display or a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD).
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the back cover 60 may be a metal back cover, a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or a ceramic back cover.
  • the material of the back cover 60 is not limited.
  • the middle frame 30 may include a metal middle plate 32 and a frame 31.
  • the frame 31 is arranged one round around the outer circumference of the metal middle plate 32.
  • the frame 31 may include a top frame, a bottom frame, a left frame, and a right frame.
  • the top frame, the bottom frame, the left frame, and the right frame enclose the frame 31 in a square ring structure.
  • the metal middle plate 32 may be an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy.
  • the frame 31 may be a metal frame or a ceramic frame.
  • the metal middle frame 30 and the frame 31 can be clamped, welded, bonded or integrally formed, or the metal middle frame 30 and the frame 31 are fixedly connected by injection molding.
  • the back cover 60 of the mobile phone 100 may be connected with the frame 31 to form a unibody back cover.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include: a display screen 10, a metal middle plate 32, and a battery cover. It may be a back cover formed by a unibody formed by the frame 31 and the back cover 60. In this way, the circuit board 40 and the battery 50 are located in the space enclosed by the metal middle frame 30 and the battery cover.
  • the mobile phone 100 may further include a camera and a flash (not shown), and the camera may include a front camera and a rear camera (not shown).
  • the rear camera and the flash can be arranged on the side of the metal middle plate 32 facing the rear cover 60, and the rear cover 60 is provided with mounting holes for the flash and a part of the rear camera.
  • the front camera may be provided on the side of the metal middle plate 32 facing the display screen 10.
  • the setting positions of the front camera and the rear camera include but are not limited to the above description.
  • the number of front cameras and rear cameras provided in the mobile phone 100 may be 1 or N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the mobile phone 100.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange different components.
  • the illustrated components can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the display screen 10 may include a transparent protective cover 12 and a display module 13.
  • the transparent protective cover 12 may be, for example, a glass cover or a sapphire cover.
  • the opening 11 may be provided on the display module 13 of the display screen 10.
  • the display module 13 may be an OLED display module, or the display module 13 may be a liquid crystal display module.
  • the liquid crystal display module may include a liquid crystal panel 132 and a backlight element 131.
  • the backlight element 131 is provided under the liquid crystal panel 132 for providing the liquid crystal panel 132 with A backlight source.
  • the opening 11 when the opening 11 is provided on the liquid crystal display module, the opening 11 may be a through hole or a blind hole.
  • an opening 11 may be provided on the backlight element 131, and the liquid crystal panel 132 does not have a hole. In this way, the opening 11 formed on the liquid crystal display module is a blind hole.
  • both the liquid crystal panel 132 and the backlight element 131 are provided with openings 11, so that the openings 11 formed on the liquid crystal display module are through holes.
  • the size of the opening 11 is set according to the size of the lens 21 of the front camera 20.
  • the display screen 10 may also include a touch panel (TP), and the touch panel (not shown) may be arranged between the display module 13 and the transparent protective cover 12 (ie, TP on cell), Or the touchpad may be arranged in the film layer of the display module 13 (ie TP in cell), the display module 13 is used to output display content to the user, and the touchpad is used to receive touch events input by the user on the display 10 .
  • TP touch panel
  • the touch panel may be arranged between the display module 13 and the transparent protective cover 12 (ie, TP on cell)
  • the touchpad may be arranged in the film layer of the display module 13 (ie TP in cell)
  • the display module 13 is used to output display content to the user
  • the touchpad is used to receive touch events input by the user on the display 10 .
  • the front camera 20 may include: a lens 21, a filter 22 (Filter), a holder 23 (Holder), a photosensitive element 24, and a flexible printed circuit 25 (FPC)
  • the lens 21 is connected to one end of the bracket 23, the other end of the bracket 23 is fixed on one end of the flexible board 25, the connector 26 is fixed on the other end of the flexible board 25, and the connector 26 connects the flexible board 25 with the circuit
  • the board 40 is electrically connected.
  • the bracket 23 and the bottom end of the lens 21 can be connected by welding, clamping, gluing or screwing.
  • the bracket 23 and the flexible circuit board 40 are fixedly connected by adhesion, clamping or welding.
  • the material of the bracket 23 can be plastic or metal.
  • the front camera 20 shown in FIG. 5 is a camera with a fixed focal length.
  • the front camera 20 may also include a focus module (not shown).
  • a focus motor the focus motor may be provided on the bracket 23.
  • the filter 22 may be located between the lens 21 and the bracket 23.
  • the filter 22 may be installed in the hollow area of the bracket 23, the photosensitive element 24 is provided on one end of the flexible board 25, and the photosensitive element 24 and the flexible board 25 are electrically connected to each other.
  • the support 23 is arranged around the outer edge of the photosensitive element 24.
  • the filter 22 may be an infrared cut filter (IRcut Filter, IRCF), and the filter 22 may filter infrared light to prevent the infrared light from entering the lens 21 and affecting imaging.
  • IRcut Filter IRcut Filter
  • the photosensitive element 24 may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor.
  • the connector 26 is used to electrically connect the flexible board 25 and the image processing unit (ISP) on the circuit board 40, and the image processing unit (ISP) and the digital processing unit (DSP) are electrically connected.
  • the image processing unit (ISP) and the digital processing unit (DSP) can be separately provided on the circuit board 40, or the image processing unit (ISP) and the digital processing unit (DSP) can be integrated together and provided on the circuit board 40.
  • the shutter when taking a picture, the shutter is opened, the light passes through the lens 21 and passes through the filter 22 to the photosensitive element 24, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the photosensitive element 24 transmits the electrical signal to the ISP through the flexible board 25 and the connector 26.
  • ISP converts electrical signals into digital image signals
  • ISP outputs digital image signals to DSP for processing
  • DSP converts digital image signals into standard RGB, YUV and other format image signals.
  • the head 21a of the lens 21 of the front camera 20 may be located in the opening 11.
  • L1 is 1/2 of the width of the head 21a of the lens
  • L2 is 1/2 of the width of the bottom 21b of the lens
  • L3 is the gap reserved for assembly width. Therefore, in order to reduce the width L of the opening 11, in the embodiment of the present application, the width of the head 21a of the lens 21 is reduced.
  • the width L of the opening 11 is reduced. Small, so that the area of the opening 11 on the display screen 10 is reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio increases. See the following description for specific implementation.
  • the front camera 20 is arranged on the metal middle plate 32, one end of the front camera 20 faces the opening 11 and extends in, and the other end is located on the metal middle plate 32 facing the rear cover 60.
  • the circuit board 40 is fixed on the side of the metal middle plate 32 facing the back cover 60, and the connector 26 of the front camera 20 is electrically connected to the circuit board 40.
  • the lens 21 may include a lens barrel 210 and a lens group provided in the lens barrel 210.
  • the lens group may include multiple lenses, for example, may include 5 lenses or 6 lenses.
  • the lens group includes 5 lenses as an example for description.
  • the lens group from the object side to the image side may sequentially include: a first lens 211, a second lens 212, a third lens 213, a fourth lens 214, and a fifth lens 215, for example
  • the first lens 211 is close to the object side
  • the fifth lens 215 is close to the image side
  • the object side is the side of the subject
  • the image side is the imaging side.
  • Each lens can be a plastic lens (Plastic), or It may be a glass lens, or some of the lenses in the lens group may be plastic lenses, and some of the lenses may be glass lenses.
  • a spacer (not shown) may also be arranged between some adjacent lenses to separate two adjacent lenses by a predetermined distance.
  • the outer edge of each lens may be provided with a light-shielding sheet or the outer edge of each lens may be blacked out to shield the stray light in the lens barrel 210.
  • the end of the lens barrel 210 facing the object side has a shoulder 2101, and the side of the first lens 211 facing the object side is The convex surface 211a protrudes from the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210.
  • the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 protrudes from the inside of the lens barrel 210 to the outside of the lens barrel 210, and the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 is exposed outside the lens barrel 210.
  • the angle a2 formed when the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 protrudes from the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210 is greater than the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 does not protrude from the shoulder of the lens barrel 210 2101 (shown by the solid line in FIG. 10) at an angle a1.
  • the distance between the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the liquid crystal panel 132 h2 decreases, so that the angle formed between the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the opening 11 increases.
  • the effective diameter of the first lens 211 is reduced from D to D1.
  • the head of the lens 21 The size of 21a is reduced.
  • the size of the head 21a of the lens 21 is reduced (that is, L1 in FIG. 7 is reduced)
  • the width L of the opening 11 is reduced, so that the opening 11 is reduced.
  • the angle a2 formed between the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the opening 11 and the angle a1 formed when the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 does not protrude from the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210 remain the same.
  • the head 21a of the lens 21 can be reduced without affecting the maximum field of view of the lens 21, so that the lens
  • the head 21a of 21 tends to be miniaturized, so that the size of the opening 11 on the display screen is reduced, and the screen-to-body ratio of the display screen is increased.
  • the maximum distance h1 that the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 protrudes from the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, for example, the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the lens barrel
  • the maximum distance h1 between the shoulders 2101 of 210 may be 0.3 mm, or the maximum distance h1 between the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the shoulders 2101 of the lens barrel 210 may be 0.4 mm.
  • the first lens 211 includes an effective diameter area 2111 and a non-effective diameter area 2112.
  • the non-effective diameter area 2112 is surrounded by the effective diameter area 2111.
  • the outer edge, the non-effective diameter area 2112 is used to support the lens barrel 210 and the adjacent second lens 212 or the light shield when the first lens 211 is assembled in the lens barrel 210.
  • the ineffective path area can be blacked out to prevent stray light from affecting imaging.
  • the thickness of the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 is increased. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the first lens The ratio of the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter area 2111 of the 211 to the thickness h4 of the non-effective diameter area 2112 is 2.5-3.5, for example, the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 and the thickness h4 of the non-effective diameter area 2112 The ratio can be 3, or the ratio of the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 to the thickness h4 of the non-effective diameter area 2112 can be 3.3, which can ensure that the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 can protrude from the lens barrel 210 ⁇ 2101.
  • the ratio of the effective diameter of the first lens 211 (that is, the diameter of the effective diameter area 2111) D1 to the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 is greater than 3.
  • the ratio of the effective diameter D1 of the first lens 211 to the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 may be 3.5, or the effective diameter D1 of the first lens 211 and the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211
  • the ratio of the central thickness h3 of the first lens 211 may be 4, so that the effective diameter D1 of the first lens 211 can be obtained after the central thickness h3 of the effective diameter region 2111 of the first lens 211 is determined.
  • the width d of the non-effective diameter area 2112 of the first lens 211 is sufficient for the first lens 211 to bear in the lens barrel 210.
  • the width d of the non-effective diameter area 2112 of the first lens 211 may be It is 0.2-0.5 mm.
  • the width d of the non-effective diameter area 2112 of the first lens 211 may be 0.25 mm, or the width d of the non-effective diameter area 2112 of the first lens 211 may be 0.4 mm.
  • the inner wall of the lens barrel 210 is provided with a plurality of supporting portions (for example, a stepped structure in the lens barrel 210) for supporting each lens.
  • a plurality of supporting portions for example, a stepped structure in the lens barrel 210 for supporting each lens.
  • the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 protrudes from the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210, the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 is located in the opening 2104 enclosed by the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210 during assembly.
  • a first support portion 2103 is formed in the lens barrel 210 near the inner wall of the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210, so that when the first lens 211 is assembled, the non-effective diameter area 2112 of the first lens 211 can be supported At the first supporting portion 2103, the effective diameter area 2111 of the first lens 211 is located in the opening 2104.
  • the first supporting portion 2103 is arranged close to the inner wall of the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210, it is avoided that the supporting portion is formed on the inner wall of the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210, and the first lens in FIG. 1), the top end of the lens barrel in FIG. 1 has a larger wall thickness.
  • the wall thickness H of the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210 can be reduced.
  • the wall thickness H of the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210 can be 0.1-0.25 mm.
  • the wall thickness H of the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210 can be Alternatively, the wall thickness H of the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210 may be 0.20 mm. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the wall thickness H of the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210 can be reduced to 0.1 mm, so that the size of the head 21a of the lens 21 is smaller, and the opening 11 of the display screen can be further reduced.
  • the lens barrel 210 when the wall thickness H of the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210 is reduced to 0.1 mm, in order to enhance the strength of the top end 2102 of the lens barrel 210, the lens barrel 210 can be made of resin material.
  • the glass fiber is added to increase the strength of the lens barrel 210 through the glass fiber to avoid damage to the top 2102 of the lens barrel 210 when the head 21a of the lens 21 is squeezed, and to ensure the reliability of the head 21a of the lens 21.
  • the shoulder portion 2101 of the first lens 211 is provided with a protective structure 14, and the protective structure 14 may extend to an end of the convex surface 211a near the shoulder portion 2101.
  • the protection structure 14 can protect the outer edge of the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211.
  • the protective structure 14 can be blackened (for example, the inner side of the protective structure 14 and the side facing the display screen are blackened), brightened, or sandblasted to block stray light. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the protective structure 14 can also serve as a decoration for the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210, so that the shoulder 2101 of the lens barrel 210 is darker in appearance.
  • the convex surface 211a of the first lens 211 and the image-side surface of the first lens 211 may be aspherical
  • the second lens 212, the third lens 213, and the fourth lens Both surfaces of the 214 and the fifth lens 215 facing the image side and the object side may be aspherical surfaces.
  • the aspheric surface of each lens can be designed according to the following curve equation:
  • z is the point on the aspheric surface from the optical axis r, and the relative distance between it and the tangent plane of the intersection on the aspheric optical axis; r is the vertical distance between the point on the aspheric curve and the optical axis; c is the curvature; k is Cone coefficient; a i is the aspheric coefficient of order i, and ⁇ 2i is the spherical coordinate of each order.
  • the first lens 211 is made of a resin material, and the melt index (MFR) of the resin material is greater than 20g/10min, which can improve the lens molding with a large ratio of center thickness to edge thickness
  • MFR melt index
  • the filling rate ensures the optical quality of the first lens 211 and improves the imaging clarity of the camera with the extremely small head 21a.
  • the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 are plastic lenses made of resin material (Plastic), and the first lens 211 has a positive focal
  • the fourth lens 214 has negative refractive power, the refractive index of the first lens 211 and the fourth lens 214 is greater than 1.6, and the refractive index of the second lens 212, the third lens 213 and the fifth lens 215 is less than 1.55, for example,
  • the refractive indices of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 can be 1.6688, 1.535, 1.5443, 1.66, 1.535, respectively, which can increase the deflected beam
  • the imaging position is moved from the photosensitive element 24 shown by the dotted line in Fig. 15 to the photosensitive element 24 shown by the solid line.
  • the height of the front camera formed in this way is reduced, and the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced when it is applied to an electronic device.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211 and the fourth lens 214 are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens 212, the third lens 213 and the fifth lens 215 are greater than 40, for example:
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 may be 19.51, 55.764, 55.865, 20.402, 55.764, respectively.
  • the conditions for achromatic aberration of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 are:
  • h i is the height of the parallel incident light on the lens
  • Vd i is the dispersion coefficient
  • the above-mentioned lens 21 may also be used as a lens of a rear camera.
  • the electronic device may also include a rear camera, and the rear camera may include the above-mentioned lens 21, bracket 24, photosensitive element 25, and flexible
  • the rear camera can be arranged on the side of the metal middle plate 32 facing the rear cover 60, the lens 21 of the rear camera faces the rear cover 60, the rear cover 60 has an opening, and the head of the lens 21 is mounted on the rear Among the openings on the cover 60, in the embodiment of the present application, due to the reduction in the size of the head of the lens 21, the openings on the back cover 60 are reduced, the appearance of the back cover 60 is more beautiful, and the strength of the back cover 60 is stronger. good.
  • the first lens 211 in the lens group is a glass lens (Glass), and the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 are plastic lenses made of resin material (Plastic) .
  • the first lens 211 has positive refractive power
  • the fourth lens 214 has negative refractive power.
  • the refractive index of the first lens 211 and the fourth lens 214 is greater than 1.6.
  • the second lens 212, the third lens 213 and the fifth lens 215 The refractive index of is less than 1.55.
  • the refractive indices of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 may be 1.7147, 1.535, 1.5446, 1.66, 1.535, respectively. This can increase the refracting beam capability of the lens group. After testing, it is found that the distance between the surface of the first lens 211 facing the object side and the imaging surface of the photosensitive element 24 on the optical axis is shortened by 0.2 mm.
  • the first lens 211 uses a high refractive index glass lens
  • the fourth lens 214 uses a high refractive index plastic lens
  • the first lens 211 has positive refractive power
  • the fourth lens 214 has negative refractive power, shortening the first lens.
  • the distance between the lens 211 and the photosensitive element 24 reduces the height of the front camera formed in this way. When applied to an electronic device, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced.
  • the two surfaces of the first lens 211 may be designed as spherical surfaces, which reduces the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the glass lens.
  • the glass lens may also be an aspheric design.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211 and the fourth lens 214 are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens 212, the third lens 213 and the fifth lens 215 are greater than 40, for example:
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 may be 29.51, 55.764, 55.865, 20.402, 55.764, respectively.
  • the conditions for achromatic aberration of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 are:
  • h i is the height of the parallel incident light on the lens
  • Vd i is the dispersion coefficient
  • the lens group includes 6 lenses, namely: a first lens 211, a second lens 212, a third lens 213, a fourth lens 214, a fifth lens 215, and a sixth lens 216.
  • the surface of the sixth lens 216 facing the image side and the object side may be aspherical.
  • the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, the fifth lens 215, and the sixth lens 216 may be plastic lenses made of resin materials.
  • the first lens 211 may also be a glass lens.
  • the refractive index of the first lens 211, the third lens 213, and the fifth lens 215 is greater than 1.6, the first lens 211 has positive refractive power, and the third lens 213 has negative refractive power. Degree, the fifth lens 215 has a positive refractive power.
  • the refractive indices of the second lens 212, the fourth lens 214, and the sixth lens 216 are less than 1.55.
  • the refractive indices of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, the fifth lens 215, and the sixth lens 216 may be 1.6688, 1.535, 1.66, 1.5445, 1.66, 1.535, respectively.
  • the imaging position is moved from the photosensitive element 24 shown by the dotted line in FIG. 16 to the photosensitive element 24 shown by the solid line, and the first lens 211 faces
  • the first lens 211 has positive refractive power
  • the third lens 213 has negative refractive power
  • the fifth lens 215 has positive refractive power, shortening
  • the distance between the first lens 211 and the photosensitive element 24 reduces the height of the front camera formed in this way. When applied to an electronic device, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211, the third lens 213, and the fifth lens 215 are less than 30, and the dispersion coefficients of the second lens 212, the fourth lens 214 and the sixth lens 216 are greater than 40.
  • the dispersion coefficients of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, and the fifth lens 215 may be 19.453, 55.764, 20.402, 55.987, 20.402, 55.764, respectively.
  • the conditions for achromatic aberration of the first lens 211, the second lens 212, the third lens 213, the fourth lens 214, the fifth lens 215, and the sixth lens 216 are:
  • h i is the height of the parallel incident light on the lens
  • Vd i is the dispersion coefficient
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or Indirect connection through an intermediate medium can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction between two elements.
  • connection should be understood according to specific circumstances.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备，电子设备可以包括手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、对讲机、上网本、POS机、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、可穿戴设备、虚拟现实设备、无线U盘、蓝牙音响/耳机、或车载前装等拍摄的移动或固定终端，通过将透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，凸面突出镜筒的肩部后，这样在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以减小镜头的头部，使得镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。

Description

一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备
本申请要求在2019年7月11日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910627999.5的中国专利申请的优先权，发明名称为“一种小型化头部直径的镜头、摄像装置与电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，在2019年9月30日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910944877.9的中国专利申请的优先权，发明名称为“一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及终端技术领域，特别涉及一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备。
背景技术
拍摄功能对于电子设备(例如手机、平板等)来说已经是不可或缺的功能，为了得到良好的影像品质及摄像效果，电子设备会安装多个摄像头来提供广泛的摄影功能。
目前，摄像装置主要包括前置摄像头和后置摄像头，前置摄像头朝向电子设备显示屏的一面设置，后置摄像头朝向电子设备后盖的一面设置。其中，前置摄像头主要包括：镜头、支撑座、滤光片、感光元件和柔性电路板(FPC)。镜头的结构如图1和图2所示，镜头包括镜筒1和设置在镜筒1内依次排列的：第一透镜G1、第一遮光片M1、第二透镜G2、第二遮光片M2、第三透镜G3、第三遮光片M3、第一隔片S11、第四遮光片M4、第四透镜G4、第五遮光片M5、第二隔片S12、第六遮光片M6、第五透镜G5和压圈2。
然后，上述镜头的头部较大，这样造成显示屏上的开孔较大，降低了显示屏的屏占比。
发明内容
本申请提供一种镜头、摄像头和电子设备，减小了镜头的头部尺寸，使得显示屏上为放置摄像头而开设的开孔减小，提高了显示屏的屏占比。
本申请第一方面提供一种电子设备，包括：显示屏、中框、后盖和至少一个摄像头，所述显示屏和所述后盖位于所述中框的两侧，所述摄像头设在所述中框上且所述摄像头的一端朝向所述显示屏。
所述摄像头至少包括：镜头、支架、感光元件和柔性板，所述支架位于所述镜头和所述柔性板之间，所述感光元件位于所述柔性板与所述镜头相对的一端上。
所述显示屏上开设开孔，所述镜头朝向像方侧的一端伸入所述开孔中。
所述镜头包括：镜筒以及设在所述镜筒内的透镜组，所述镜筒朝向物方侧的一端具有肩部；所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，所述凸面突出所述肩部。
通过将透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，凸面突出镜筒的肩部后，这样在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以减小镜头的头部，使得镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述凸面突出所述肩部的最大距离大于等于0.3mm。
这样使得凸面与显示屏之间的距离更小，使得在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以进一 步的减小镜头的头部，镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜包括：有效径区域和非有效径区域，所述非有效径区域围设在所述有效径区域的外边缘，所述有效径区域朝向物方侧的一面为所述凸面；
所述有效径区域的中心厚度与所述非有效径区域的厚度的比值为2.5～3.5。
这样可以确保透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜的凸面可以突出镜筒的肩部。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效径区域的直径与所述有效径区域的中心厚度的比值大于3。
这样当透镜的有效径区域的中心厚度确定后，可以获得透镜的有效径。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述镜筒的顶端壁厚为0.1-0.25mm。这样使得镜筒的顶端壁厚可以减薄至0.1mm，镜头的头部尺寸更小，显示屏的开孔可以进一步的减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第五透镜靠近像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为采用树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜，所述树脂材料的熔融指数大于20g/10min。
这样可以提高中心厚度与边缘厚度比值较大的透镜成型填充率，保证透镜的光学质量，提高极小头部摄像头的成像清晰度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，所述第四透镜具有负光焦度。
这样使得第一透镜具有聚光作用，第四透镜具有扩散作用，使得透镜组可以缩短光程差，可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数大于40。
这样可以消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(LoCA)<5um。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜、第五透镜和第六透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第六透镜靠近所述像方侧， 所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，第三透镜具有负光焦度，第五透镜具有正光焦度。
这样使得第一透镜具有聚光作用，第三透镜具有扩散作用，第五透镜具有聚光作用，使得透镜组可以缩短光程差，可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜的色散系数大于40。
这样可以消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(LoCA)<5um。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：保护结构：所述保护结构设在所述肩部上，且所述保护结构的一端延伸到所述凸面靠近所述肩部的一端上。
通过保护结构，可以对透镜的凸面外边缘起到保护作用，另外，保护结构可以进行增黑(例如保护结构的内侧面和朝向显示屏的一面涂黑)、艳消或喷砂处理以达到遮挡杂散光的作用。保护结构还可以起到对镜筒肩部进行装饰作用，使得镜筒的肩部在外观上更黑。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述显示屏包括：透明保护盖板和显示模组，所述显示模组与所述镜头对应的位置开设所述开孔。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述显示模组为OLED显示模组，或者所述显示模组为液晶显示模组。
所述液晶显示模组包括液晶面板和背光元件，所述液晶面板位于所述透镜保护盖板和所述背光元件之间，所述背光元件上开设所述开孔，或者所述背光元件和所述液晶面板上均开设相连通的所述开孔。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种镜头，包括：镜筒以及设在所述镜筒内的透镜组，所述镜筒朝向物方侧的一端具有肩部。
所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，所述凸面突出所述肩部。
通过将透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，凸面突出镜筒的肩部后，这样在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以减小镜头的头部，使得镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述凸面突出所述肩部的最大距离大于等于0.3mm。
这样使得凸面与显示屏之间的距离更小，使得在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以进一步的减小镜头的头部，镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜包括：有效径区域和非有效径区域，所述非有效径区域围设在所述有效径区域的外边缘，所述有效径区域朝向物方侧的一面为所述凸面；
所述有效径区域的中心厚度与所述非有效径区域的厚度的比值为2.5～3.5。
这样可以确保透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜的凸面可以突出镜筒的肩部。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述有效径区域的直径与所述有效径区域的中心厚度的比值大于3。
这样当透镜的有效径区域的中心厚度确定后，可以获得透镜的有效径。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述镜筒的顶端壁厚为0.1-0.25mm。
这样使得镜筒的顶端壁厚可以减薄至0.1mm，镜头的头部尺寸更小，显示屏的开孔可以进一步的减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第五透镜靠近像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为采用树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜，所述树脂材料的熔融指数大于20g/10min。
这样可以提高中心厚度与边缘厚度比值较大的透镜成型填充率，保证透镜的光学质量，提高极小头部摄像头的成像清晰度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，所述第四透镜具有负光焦度。
这样使得第一透镜具有聚光作用，第四透镜具有扩散作用，使得透镜组可以缩短光程差，可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数大于40。
这样可以消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(LoCA) <5um。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜、第五透镜和第六透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第六透镜靠近所述像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，透镜组朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了透镜组朝向物方侧的一面与感光元件之间的距离，这样形成的摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，第三透镜具有负光焦度，第五透镜具有正光焦度。
这样使得第一透镜具有聚光作用，第三透镜具有扩散作用，第五透镜具有聚光作用，使得透镜组可以缩短光程差，可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜的色散系数大于40。
这样可以消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(LoCA)<5um。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：保护结构：所述保护结构设在所述肩部上，且所述保护结构的一端延伸到所述凸面靠近所述肩部的一端上。
通过保护结构，可以对透镜的凸面外边缘起到保护作用，另外，保护结构可以进行增黑(例如保护结构的内侧面和朝向显示屏的一面涂黑)、艳消或喷砂处理以达到遮挡杂散光的作用。保护结构还可以起到对镜筒肩部进行装饰作用，使得镜筒的肩部在外观上更黑。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种摄像头，至少包括：上述任一所述的镜头、支架、感光元件和柔性板，所述支架位于所述镜头和所述柔性板之间，所述感光元件位于所述柔性板与所述镜头相对的一端上。
通过包括上述镜头，镜头中将透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，凸面突出镜筒的肩部后，这样在不影响镜头的最大视场前提下可以减小镜头的头部，使得镜头的头部趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述摄像头为前置摄像头，或者，所述摄像头为后置摄像头。
这样摄像头作为前置摄像头，可以使得显示屏上为放置镜头而开设的开孔尺寸减小，当摄像头为后置摄像头时，这样镜头的头部尺寸减小，使得后盖上而放置后置摄像头而开设的开孔减小，后盖外观更美观以及后盖的强度更佳。
附图说明
图1为现有的镜头的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的爆炸结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的显示屏中透明保护盖板和显示模组的拆分结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的显示屏中透明保护盖板、液晶面板和背光元件的拆分结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备中前置摄像头的爆炸结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备中前置摄像头与显示屏、边框和后盖的部分剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备中前置摄像头与显示屏、中框和后盖的部分剖面结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头中镜头的爆炸结构示意图；
图10为镜头中的第一透镜与液晶面板之间的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一实施例提供的镜头中的第一透镜与液晶面板之间的结构示意图；
图12为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头中第一透镜的结构示意图；
图13为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头中镜筒与第一透镜的装配示意图；
图14为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头与液晶面板和透明保护盖板的示意图；
图15为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头透镜组与滤光片和感光元件24的结构示意图；
图16为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的前置摄像头透镜组与滤光片和感光元件24的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-手机；10-显示屏；11-开孔；12-透明保护盖板；13-显示模组；131-背光元件；132-液晶面板；14-保护结构；20-前置摄像头；21-镜头；21a-头部；21b-底部；210-镜筒；2101-肩部；2102-顶端；2103-第一承靠部；2104-开口；211-第一透镜；211a-凸面；2111-有效径区域；2112-非有效径区域；212-第二透镜；213-第三透镜；214-第四透镜；215-第五透镜；216-第六透镜；22-滤光片；23-支架；24-感光元件；25-柔性板；26-连接器；30-中框；31-边框；32-金属中板；40-电路板；50-电池；60-后盖。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请，下面将结合附图对本申请实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备，可以包括但不限于为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、对讲机、上网本、POS机、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、行车记录仪、安防设备等具有 拍摄功能的移动或固定终端。
本申请实施例中，以手机为上述电子设备为例进行说明，图2和图3分别示出了手机的整体和拆分结构，参见图2所示，本申请实施例提供的手机100的显示屏可以为水滴屏、刘海屏或挖孔屏，下述描述以挖孔屏为例进行说明。参见图3所示，手机100可以包括：显示屏10和后盖60，显示屏10与后盖60之间可以设置中框30、电路板40和电池50。其中，电路板40和电池50可以设置在中框30上，例如，电路板40与电池50设置在中框30朝向后盖60的一面上，或者电路板40与电池50可以设置在中框30朝向显示屏10的一面上。
电池50可以通过电源管理模块与充电管理模块和电路板40相连，电源管理模块接收电池50和/或充电管理模块的输入，并为处理器、内部存储器、外部存储器、显示屏10、摄像头以及通信模块等供电。电源管理模块还可以用于监测电池50容量，电池50循环次数，电池50健康状态(漏电，阻抗)等参数。在其他一些实施例中，电源管理模块也可以设置于电路板40的处理器中。在另一些实施例中，电源管理模块和充电管理模块也可以设置于同一个器件中。
显示屏10可以为有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)显示屏，也可以为液晶显示屏(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)。
后盖60可以为金属后盖，也可以为玻璃后盖，还可以为塑料后盖，或者，还可以为陶瓷后盖，本申请实施例中，对后盖60材质不作限定。
中框30可以包括金属中板32和边框31。边框31围绕金属中板32的外周设置一周。一般常说，边框31可以包括顶边框、底边框、左侧边框和右侧边框，顶边框、底边框、左侧边框和右侧边框围成方环结构的边框31。其中，金属中板32可以为铝板，也可以为铝合金，还可以为镁合金。边框31可以为金属边框，也可以为陶瓷边框。其中，金属中框30和边框31之间可以卡接、焊接、粘合或一体成型，或者金属中框30与边框31之间通过注塑固定相连。
需要说明的是，在一些示例中，手机100的后盖60可以与边框31相连形成一体成型(Unibody)后盖，例如手机100可以包括：显示屏10、金属中板32和电池盖，电池盖可以为边框31和后盖60一体成型(Unibody)形成的后盖。这样电路板40和电池50位于金属中框30和电池盖围成的空间中。
其中，为了实现拍摄功能，手机100还可以包括：摄像头和闪光灯(未示出)，摄像头可以包括前置摄像头和后置摄像头(未示出)。其中，后置摄像头以及闪光灯可以设置在金属中板32朝向后盖60的一面上，后盖60上开设可供闪光灯和后置摄像头的部分区域安装的安装孔。前置摄像头可以设在金属中板32朝向显示屏10的一面上。本申请实施例中，前置摄像头和后置摄像头的设置位置包括但不限于上述描述。其中，在一些实施例中，手机100内设置的前置摄像头和后置摄像头的数量可以为1个或N个，N为大于1的正整数。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对手机100的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，手机100可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
基于上述描述，本申请实施例中，以手机100内设置前置摄像头20的场景为例进行说明。
场景一
本申请实施例中，参见图3所示，为了实现前置摄像头20的拍摄，显示屏10上开设与前置摄像头20的镜头21匹配的开孔11，这样外界光线可以进入前置摄像头20中实现拍摄。应当理解的是，如图4所示，显示屏10可以包括透明保护盖板12和显示模组13，透明保护 盖板12例如可以为玻璃盖板或蓝宝石盖板。显示屏10上开设开孔11时，可以在显示屏10的显示模组13上开设开孔11。
本申请实施例中，显示模组13可以为OLED显示模组，或者显示模组13可以为液晶显示模组。当显示模组13为液晶显示模组时，如图5所示，液晶显示模组可以包括液晶面板132和背光元件131，背光元件131设在液晶面板132的下方，用于为液晶面板132提供一个背光源。
其中，液晶显示模组上开设开孔11时，开孔11可以为通孔，也可以为盲孔，例如图4所示，可以在背光元件131上开设开孔11，液晶面板132不开孔，这样液晶显示模组上形成的开孔11为盲孔。或者，在其他示例中，液晶面板132和背光元件131上均开设开孔11，这样液晶显示模组上形成的开孔11为通孔。开孔11的大小根据前置摄像头20的镜头21大小进行设定。
一般来说，显示屏10还可以包括触控板(Touch Panel，TP)，触控板(未示出)可以设在显示模组13和透明保护盖板12之间(即TP on cell)，或者触控板可以设置在显示模组13的膜层中(即TP in cell)，显示模组13用于向用户输出显示内容，触控板用于接收用户在显示屏10上输入的触摸事件。
本申请实施例中，参见图6所示，前置摄像头20可以包括：镜头21、滤光片22(Filter)、支架23(Holder)、感光元件24、柔性板25(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC)和连接器26，镜头21与支架23的一端相连，支架23的另一端固定在柔性板25的一端上，连接器26固定在柔性板25的另一端上，连接器26将柔性板25与电路板40电性相连。支架23与镜头21的底端可以通过焊接、卡接、粘合或螺纹连接。支架23和柔性电路板40之间通过粘合、卡接或焊接方式固定相连。支架23的材料可以为塑胶或者金属材料。需要说明是，图5示出的前置摄像头20为焦距固定的摄像头，当前置摄像头20为焦距可变的摄像头时，前置摄像头20还可以包括对焦模组(未示出)，对焦模组例如对焦马达，对焦马达可以设在支架23上。
滤光片22可以位于镜头21与支架23之间，例如滤光片22可以安装在支架23的镂空区域，感光元件24设在柔性板25的一端上，感光元件24与柔性板25之间电性相连，支架23围设在感光元件24的外边缘。
本申请实施例中，滤光片22可以为红外截止滤光片(IR cut Filter，IRCF)，滤光片22可以将红外光线进行滤除，防止红外光线进入镜头21对成像造成影响。
感光元件24可以是电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor，CMOS)光电晶体管。连接器26用于将柔性板25与电路板40上的图像处理单元(Image Signal Processing，ISP)电连接，图像处理单元(ISP)与数字处理单元(Digital Signal Processing，DSP)电连接。其中，图像处理单元(ISP)和数字处理单元(DSP)可以单独设置在电路板40上，或者，图像处理单元(ISP)和数字处理单元(DSP)可以集成在一起设在电路板40上。例如，拍照时，打开快门，光线通过镜头21并经过滤光片22传递到感光元件24上，光信号转换为电信号，感光元件24将电信号通过柔性板25和连接器26传递给ISP处理，ISP将电信号转换成数字图像信号，ISP将数字图像信号输出到DSP加工处理，DSP将数字图像信号转换成标准的RGB、YUV等格式的图像信号。
本申请实施例中，前置摄像头20在手机10内设置时，如图7所示，前置摄像头20的镜头21的头部21a可以位于开孔11中。其中，开孔11的宽度L＝L1+L2+L3，L1为镜头21的头部21a宽度的1/2，L2为镜头21的底部21b的宽度的1/2，L3为装配预留的间隙宽。所以，为了减小开孔11的宽度L，本申请实施例中，将镜头21的头部21a宽度进行减小，当 镜头21的头部21a宽度减小后，这样开孔11的宽度L减小，使得显示屏10上开孔11的面积减小，屏占比增加。具体实现方式参见下述描述。
本申请实施例中，如图8所示，前置摄像头20设置在金属中板32上，前置摄像头20的一端朝向开孔11并伸入，另一端位于金属中板32朝向后盖60的一侧，电路板40固定在金属中板32朝向后盖60的一面上，前置摄像头20的连接器26与电路板40电性相连。
本申请实施例中，如图9所示，镜头21可以包括：镜筒210和设在镜筒210内的透镜组。其中，透镜组可以包括多个透镜，例如，可以包括5个透镜或6个透镜。本申请实施例中，以透镜组包括5个透镜为例进行说明。
示例性的，如图9所示，透镜组从物方侧到像方侧可以依次包括：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215，例如，第一透镜211靠近物方侧，第五透镜215靠近像方侧，物方侧为被拍摄对象的一侧，像方侧为成像的一侧，各个透镜可以为塑胶透镜(Plastic)，也可以为玻璃透镜(Glass)，或者，透镜组中的部分透镜为塑胶透镜，部分透镜可以为玻璃透镜。部分相邻透镜之间还可以设置隔片(未示出)以将相邻两个透镜隔开预设距离。各个透镜的外边缘可以设置遮光片或者各个透镜的外边缘涂黑处理，以对镜筒210内的杂散光进行遮挡。
本申请实施例中，为了减小镜头21的头部21a的尺寸，如图9所示，镜筒210朝向物方侧的一端具有肩部2101，第一透镜211朝向物方一侧的一面为凸面211a，该凸面211a突出镜筒210的肩部2101，例如，第一透镜211的凸面211a从镜筒210内向镜筒210外突出，第一透镜211的凸面211a裸露在镜筒210外。这样第一透镜211的凸面211a与液晶面板132之间的距离h2减小，而第一透镜211的凸面211a与液晶面板132之间的距离h2减小时，如图10所示，在开孔11不变的前提下，第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210的肩部2101(即图10中虚线所示)时形成的角度a2大于第一透镜211的凸面211a未突出镜筒210肩部2101(即图10中实线所示)时形成的角度a1，所以，第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210肩部2101后，第一透镜211的凸面211a与液晶面板132之间的距离h2减小，这样使得第一透镜211的凸面211a与开孔11之间形成的角度增大。但是本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210肩部2101时，第一透镜211与开孔11之间形成的角度保持不变，例如，a1＝a2，此时，如图11所示，将第一透镜211的有效径减小，例如，第一透镜211的有效径由D减小到D1，当第一透镜211的有效径减小后，这样镜头21的头部21a尺寸减小，当镜头21的头部21a尺寸减小(即图7中的L1减小)，这样开孔11的宽度L(图7所示)减小，使得开孔11减小，此时，第一透镜211的凸面211a与开孔11之间形成的角度a2与第一透镜211的凸面211a未突出镜筒210肩部2101时形成的角度a1保持相同。所以，本申请实施例中，通过将第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210的肩部2101后，在不影响镜头21的最大视场前提下可以减小镜头21的头部21a，使得镜头21的头部21a趋于小型化，从而使得显示屏上的开孔11尺寸减小，提高显示屏的屏占比。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210肩部2101的最大距离h1大于等于0.3mm，例如，第一透镜211的凸面211a与镜筒210肩部2101之间的最大距离h1可以为0.3mm，或者第一透镜211的凸面211a与镜筒210肩部2101之间的最大距离h1可以为0.4mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例中，如图12所示，第一透镜211包括有效径区域2111和非有效径区域2112，非有效径区域2112围设在有效径区域2111的外边缘，非有效径区域2112用于在第一透镜211在镜筒210内组立时与镜筒210以及相邻的第二透镜212或 者遮光片进行承靠。在一些示例中，非有效径区域可以进行涂黑处理，避免杂散光影响成像。
本申请实施例中，为了使得第一透镜211的凸面211a突出镜筒210的肩部2101，所以将第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的厚度加大，所以本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3与非有效径区域2112的厚度h4的比值为2.5-3.5，例如，第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3与非有效径区域2112的厚度h4的比值可以为3，或者第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3与非有效径区域2112的厚度h4的比值可以为3.3，这样可以确保第一透镜211的凸面211a可以突出镜筒210的肩部2101。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的有效径(即有效径区域2111的直径)D1与第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3的比值大于3，例如，第一透镜211的有效径D1与第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3的比值可以为3.5，或者第一透镜211的有效径D1与第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3的比值可以为4，这样当第一透镜211的有效径区域2111的中心厚度h3确定后，可以获得第一透镜211的有效径D1。本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的非有效径区域2112的宽度d满足第一透镜211在镜筒210内承靠即可，例如，第一透镜211的非有效径区域2112的宽度d可以为0.2-0.5mm，例如，第一透镜211的非有效径区域2112的宽度d可以为0.25mm，或者，第一透镜211的非有效径区域2112的宽度d可以为0.4mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，如图13所示，镜筒210的内壁上设有多个可供各个透镜承靠的承靠部(例如镜筒210内呈台阶状的结构)。本申请实施例中，由于第一透镜211的凸面211a凸出镜筒210肩部2101，所以装配时，第一透镜211的有效径区域2111位于镜筒210顶端2102围成的开口2104中，为了实现第一透镜211的承靠，镜筒210内靠近镜筒210顶端2102内壁处形成第一承靠部2103，这样第一透镜211装配时，第一透镜211的非有效径区域2112可以承靠在第一承靠部2103处，第一透镜211的有效径区域2111位于开口2104中。而当第一承靠部2103靠近镜筒210顶端2102的内壁设置时，避免了在镜筒210顶端2102内壁上形成承靠部，而图1中的第一透镜承靠在镜筒顶端的内壁处(参见图1)，所以图1中的镜筒顶端壁厚较大，与图1相比，本申请实施例中，由于镜筒210的顶端2102内壁不需要形成第一承靠部2103，所以镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H可以减薄，例如，本申请实施例中，镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H可以为0.1-0.25mm，例如，镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H可以为0.15mm，或者，镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H可以为0.20mm。所以，本申请实施例中，镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H可以减薄至0.1mm，这样镜头21的头部21a尺寸更小，显示屏的开孔11可以进一步的减小。
在一些其他实施例中，当镜筒210的顶端2102壁厚H减薄至0.1mm时，为了增强镜筒210顶端2102的强度，所以镜筒210采用树脂材料制成时，可以在树脂材料中增加玻璃纤维，通过玻璃纤维增加镜筒210强度，避免镜头21头部21a挤压时镜筒210顶端2102发生损坏，确保镜头21头部21a的可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例中，如图14所示，第一透镜211的肩部2101设有保护结构14，保护结构14可以延伸到凸面211a靠近肩部2101的一端上，保护结构14可以对第一透镜211的凸面211a外边缘起到保护作用。另外，保护结构14可以进行增黑(例如保护结构14的内侧面和朝向显示屏的一面涂黑)、艳消或喷砂处理以达到遮挡杂散光的作用。所以，本申请实施例中，保护结构14还可以起到对镜筒210肩部2101进行装饰作用，使得镜筒210的肩部2101在外观上更黑。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例中，第一透镜211的凸面211a和第一透镜211 朝向像方的一面可以为非球面，第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215朝向像方和物方的两面可以均为非球面。其中，各个透镜的非球面可以根据下述曲线方程进行设计：
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000001
其中，z是非球面上距离光轴为r的点，其与相切于非球面光轴上交点切面的相对距离；r是非球面曲线上的点与光轴的垂直距离；c为曲率；k为锥面系数；a i是第i阶非球面系数，ρ 2i是各阶球坐标。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一透镜211采用树脂材料制成，树脂材料的熔融指数(Melt Flow Rate，MFR)大于20g/10min，这样可以提高中心厚度与边缘厚度比值较大的透镜成型填充率，保证第一透镜211的光学质量，提高极小头部21a摄像头的成像清晰度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，为了降低前置摄像头的高度，例如，可以降低第一透镜211朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件24的成像面在光轴上的距离(即TTL)，所以，本申请实施例中，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215为树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜(Plastic)，第一透镜211具有正光焦度，第四透镜214具有负光焦度，第一透镜211和第四透镜214的折射率大于1.6，第二透镜212、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的折射率小于1.55，例如，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215的折射率可以分别为：1.6688、1.535、1.5443、1.66、1.535，这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，经过测试发现：如图15所示，成像位置由图15中虚线所示的感光元件24移动实线所示的感光元件24，第一透镜211朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件24的成像面在光轴上的距离由H2减小为H1，缩短了0.2mm(即H2-H1＝0.2mm)，所以，本申请实施例中，缩短了第一透镜211与感光元件24之间的距离，这样形成的前置摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
其中，本申请实施例中，为了消除综合色差，第一透镜211和第四透镜214的色散系数小于30，第二透镜212、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的色散系数大于40，例如：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215的色散系数可以分别为：19.51、55.764、55.865、20.402、55.764。本申请实施例中，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215消色差的条件为：
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000002
其中，h i为平行入射光线在透镜的高度，Vd i为色散系数，
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000003
为光焦度，所以本申请实施例中，根据折射率和色散系数分配各个透镜的光焦度，使得∑φ ih i 2/Vd i＝min。分配时，增大第一透镜211和第四透镜214的光焦度占比，这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，缩短摄像头的高度，消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(Lateral Chromatic Aberration，LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration，LoCA)<5um。
在一些其他示例中，上述镜头21还可以作为后置摄像头的镜头，例如，电子设备还可以包括：后置摄像头，后置摄像头可以包括上述所述的镜头21、支架24、感光元件25和柔性 板26，该后置摄像头可以设置在金属中板32朝向后盖60的一面上，该后置摄像头的镜头21朝向后盖60，后盖60上开设开孔，镜头21的头部安装在后盖60上开设的开孔中，本申请实施例中，由于镜头21的头部尺寸减小，这样后盖60上开设的开孔减小，后盖60外观更美观以及后盖60的强度更佳。
场景二
本申请实施例中，透镜组中第一透镜211为玻璃透镜(Glass)，第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215为树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜(Plastic)。第一透镜211具有正光焦度，第四透镜214具有负光焦度，其中，第一透镜211和第四透镜214的折射率大于1.6，第二透镜212、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的折射率小于1.55，例如，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215的折射率可以分别为：1.7147、1.535、1.5446、1.66、1.535。这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，经过测试发现：第一透镜211朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件24的成像面在光轴上的距离缩短了0.2mm，所以，本申请实施例中，通过第一透镜211采用高折射率的玻璃透镜，第四透镜214采用高折射率的塑胶透镜，第一透镜211具有正光焦度，第四透镜214具有负光焦度，缩短了第一透镜211与感光元件24之间的距离，这样形成的前置摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
其中，本申请实施例中，第一透镜211为玻璃透镜时，第一透镜211的两个表面可以为球面设计，这样降低玻璃透镜的加工难度和制造成本。当然，第一透镜211为玻璃透镜时，玻璃透镜也可以为非球面设计。
其中，本申请实施例中，为了消除综合色差，第一透镜211和第四透镜214的色散系数小于30，第二透镜212、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的色散系数大于40，例如：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215的色散系数可以分别为：29.51、55.764、55.865、20.402、55.764。本申请实施例中，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215消色差的条件为：
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000004
其中，h i为平行入射光线在透镜的高度，Vd i为色散系数，
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000005
为光焦度，所以本申请实施例中，根据折射率和色散系数分配各个透镜的光焦度，使得∑φ ih i 2/Vd i＝min。分配时，增大第一透镜211和第四透镜214的光焦度占比，这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，缩短摄像头的高度，消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(Lateral Chromatic Aberration，LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration，LoCA)<5um。
场景三
本申请实施例中，如图16所示，透镜组包括6个透镜，分别为：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214、第五透镜215和第六透镜216，第六透镜216朝向像方和物方的表面可以为非球面。第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214、第五透镜215和第六透镜216可以为树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜。当然，第一透镜211也可以 为玻璃透镜。
为了降低前置摄像头的高度，申请实施例中，第一透镜211、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的折射率大于1.6，第一透镜211具有正光焦度，第三透镜213具有负光焦度，第五透镜215具有正光焦度。第二透镜212、第四透镜214和第六透镜216的折射率小于1.55。例如：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214、第五透镜215和第六透镜216的折射率可以分别为：1.6688、1.535、1.66、1.5445、1.66、1.535。这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，经过测试发现：如图16所示，成像位置由图16中虚线所示的感光元件24移动实线所示的感光元件24，第一透镜211朝向物方侧的表面与感光元件24的成像面在光轴上的距离由H4减小为H3，缩短了0.2mm(即H4-H3＝0.2mm)，所以，本申请实施例中，通过第一透镜211、第三透镜213和第五透镜215采用高折射率的塑胶透镜，第一透镜211具有正光焦度，第三透镜213具有负光焦度，第五透镜215具有正光焦度，缩短了第一透镜211与感光元件24之间的距离，这样形成的前置摄像头的高度降低，应用到电子设备中时，电子设备的厚度可以减薄。
本申请实施例中，为了消除综合色差，第一透镜211、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的色散系数小于30，第二透镜212、第四透镜214和第六透镜216的色散系数大于40，例如：第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214和第五透镜215的色散系数可以分别为：19.453、55.764、20.402、55.987、20.402、55.764。本申请实施例中，第一透镜211、第二透镜212、第三透镜213、第四透镜214、第五透镜215和第六透镜216消色差的条件为：
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000006
其中，h i为平行入射光线在透镜的高度，Vd i为色散系数，
Figure PCTCN2020089525-appb-000007
为光焦度，所以本申请实施例中，根据折射率和色散系数分配各个透镜的光焦度，使得∑φ ih i 2/Vd i＝min。分配时，增大第一透镜211、第三透镜213和第五透镜215的光焦度占比，这样可以增大透镜组的折转光束能力，缩短摄像头的高度，消除综合色差，使得垂轴(横向)色差(Lateral Chromatic Aberration，LCA)小于1μm，轴向色差(Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration，LoCA)<5um。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请实施例进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：显示屏、中框、后盖和至少一个摄像头，所述显示屏和所述后盖位于所述中框的两侧，所述摄像头设在所述中框上且所述摄像头的一端朝向所述显示屏；
    所述摄像头至少包括：镜头、支架、感光元件和柔性板，所述支架位于所述镜头和所述柔性板之间，所述感光元件位于所述柔性板与所述镜头相对的一端上；
    所述显示屏上开设开孔，所述镜头朝向像方侧的一端伸入所述开孔中；
    所述镜头包括：镜筒以及设在所述镜筒内的透镜组，所述镜筒朝向物方侧的一端具有肩部；
    所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，所述凸面突出所述肩部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述凸面突出所述肩部的最大距离大于等于0.3mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜包括：有效径区域和非有效径区域，所述非有效径区域围设在所述有效径区域的外边缘，所述有效径区域朝向物方侧的一面为所述凸面；
    所述有效径区域的中心厚度与所述非有效径区域的厚度的比值为2.5～3.5。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述有效径区域的直径与所述有效径区域的中心厚度的比值大于3。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述镜筒的顶端壁厚为0.1-0.25mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第五透镜靠近像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为采用树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜，所述树脂材料的熔融指数大于20g/10min。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，所述第四透镜具有负光焦度。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数大于40。
  12. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜、第五透镜和第六透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第六透镜靠近所述像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为 折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，第三透镜具有负光焦度，第五透镜具有正光焦度。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜的色散系数大于40。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，还包括：保护结构：所述保护结构设在所述肩部上，且所述保护结构的一端延伸到所述凸面靠近所述肩部的一端上。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述显示屏包括：透明保护盖板和显示模组，所述显示模组与所述镜头对应的位置开设所述开孔。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述显示模组为有机发光二极管OLED显示模组，或者所述显示模组为液晶显示模组；
    所述液晶显示模组包括液晶面板和背光元件，所述液晶面板位于所述透镜保护盖板和所述背光元件之间，所述背光元件上开设所述开孔，或者所述背光元件和所述液晶面板上均开设相连通的所述开孔。
  20. 一种镜头，其特征在于，包括：镜筒以及设在所述镜筒内的透镜组，所述镜筒朝向物方侧的一端具有肩部；
    所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜具有凸面，所述凸面突出所述肩部。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述凸面突出所述肩部的最大距离大于等于0.3mm。
  22. 根据权利要求20或21所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述透镜组中靠近物方侧的透镜包括：有效径区域和非有效径区域，所述非有效径区域围设在所述有效径区域的外边缘，所述有效径区域朝向物方侧的一面为所述凸面；
    所述有效径区域的中心厚度与所述非有效径区域的厚度的比值为2.5～3.5。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述有效径区域的直径与所述有效径区域的中心厚度的比值大于3。
  24. 根据权利要求20-23任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述镜筒的顶端壁厚为0.1-0.25mm。
  25. 根据权利要求20-24任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第五透镜靠近像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为采用树脂材料制成的塑胶透镜，所述树脂材料的熔融指数大于20g/10min。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第四透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  29. 根据权利要求25-28任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，所述第四透镜具有负光焦度。
  30. 根据权利要求25-29任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜和所述第四透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数大于40。
  31. 根据权利要求20-24任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述透镜组至少包括：第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜、第五透镜和第六透镜，所述第一透镜靠近物方侧，所述第六透镜靠近所述像方侧，所述凸面位于所述第一透镜朝向物方侧的一面。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  33. 根据权利要求31所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为折射率大于1.6的玻璃透镜，所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜为折射率大于1.6的塑胶透镜，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜为折射率小于1.55的塑胶透镜。
  34. 根据权利要求31-33任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜具有正光焦度，第三透镜具有负光焦度，第五透镜具有正光焦度。
  35. 根据权利要求31-34任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、所述第三透镜和所述第五透镜的色散系数小于30，所述第二透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第六透镜的色散系数大于40。
  36. 根据权利要求20-35任一所述的镜头，其特征在于，还包括：保护结构：所述保护结构设在所述肩部上，且所述保护结构的一端延伸到所述凸面靠近所述肩部的一端上。
  37. 一种摄像头，其特征在于，至少包括：上述权利要求20-36任一所述的镜头、支架、感光元件和柔性板，所述支架位于所述镜头和所述柔性板之间，所述感光元件位于所述柔性板与所述镜头相对的一端上。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的摄像头，其特征在于，所述摄像头为前置摄像头，或者，所述摄像头为后置摄像头。
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