WO2020254220A1 - ADDITIVMISCHUNG FÜR FORMSTOFFMISCHUNGEN ZUR HERSTELLUNG WASSERGLASGEBUNDENER GIEßEREIFORMEN UND GIEßEREIKERNE - Google Patents
ADDITIVMISCHUNG FÜR FORMSTOFFMISCHUNGEN ZUR HERSTELLUNG WASSERGLASGEBUNDENER GIEßEREIFORMEN UND GIEßEREIKERNE Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020254220A1 WO2020254220A1 PCT/EP2020/066428 EP2020066428W WO2020254220A1 WO 2020254220 A1 WO2020254220 A1 WO 2020254220A1 EP 2020066428 W EP2020066428 W EP 2020066428W WO 2020254220 A1 WO2020254220 A1 WO 2020254220A1
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- molding material
- mixture
- silicon dioxide
- molding
- binder system
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
- B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/16—Acids or salts thereof containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0042—Powdery mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
- C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00939—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- an additive mixture (A) for combination with a solution or dispersion (B) comprising water glass for the production of a molding material mixture for producing articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores is described; a multicomponent binder system comprising (A) such an additive mixture and (B) a solution or dispersion comprising waterglass; a molding material mixture comprising a molding base material (C) and components (A) and (B) of such a multicomponent binder system; a method for producing an article from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores; Articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores and the use of such an article for metal casting, preferably for light metal casting, in particular for aluminum casting.
- Foundry molds and foundry cores are made from molding material mixtures.
- the basic components of a molding mixture are a refractory granular molding base and a binding agent.
- the particles of the refractory basic mold material are bound to one another by the binding agent, so that the foundry mold or the foundry core receives the required mechanical stability.
- a foundry mold contains a cavity that, when it is cast, with the Molten metal is filled, so that the casting to be produced results. During the production of the foundry mold, the cavity is shaped into the molding material mixture by means of a model of the casting to be produced. Any inner contours of the casting that may be present are formed by cores inserted into the mold.
- Both organic and inorganic binders for foundry molds and foundry cores are known. Inorganic binders have the advantage that emissions that are harmful to the environment and health are avoided.
- No. 4,162,238 discloses molding mixtures with an inorganic binder containing water glass and amorphous particulate silicon dioxide. It is known in the prior art to use waterglass-based binders of the above Adding kind of additives to optimize the properties of foundry molds and foundry cores made with them.
- WO 2006/024540 A2 discloses molding material mixtures with a water-glass-based binder of the above Kind which also contain an organic additive which has a melting point in the range from 40 to 180 ° C., preferably 50 to 175 ° C., that is to say is solid at room temperature.
- Organic additives are understood to mean compounds whose molecular structure is predominantly made up of carbon atoms, for example organic polymers. By adding the organic additives, the quality of the surface of the casting should be further improved.
- WO 2008/046651 A1 discloses molding material mixtures with a waterglass-based binder of the above-mentioned Kind, which still contain a carbohydrate. The addition of carbohydrate to the molding material mixture is also intended to further improve the quality of the surface of the casting.
- WO 2008/046653 A1 discloses molding material mixtures with a water-glass-based binder of the type mentioned above, which also contain a phosphorus-containing compound.
- the addition of a phosphorus-containing compound is intended to increase the strength of the foundry mold, so that thin-walled sections can also be produced that do not experience any deformation during metal casting.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably in the form of a phosphate or phosphorus oxide.
- the phosphate can be in the form of an alkali metal phosphate or an alkaline earth metal phosphate, with alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts being particularly preferred.
- WO 2013/182186 A2 discloses molding material mixtures with a waterglass-based binder, which also contain barium sulfate. The addition of barium sulfate is intended to reduce sand buildup, sand burn-in, penetrations and roughness on the surface of the castings.
- DE 10 2012 1 13073 A1 discloses molding material mixtures with a water-glass-based binder which also contain a particulate metal oxide, which
- At least one aluminum / silicon mixed oxide with the exception of aluminum / silicon mixed oxides with a layered silicate structure
- the addition of the particulate metal oxide is intended to improve the surface of castings.
- DE 15 08 633 C discloses a molding compound for producing soluble molds and cores for metal casting from a calcium phosphate-containing compound, characterized by a content of at least 40 percent by weight calcium phosphate with a Ca content of 25 to 45 percent by weight and a P content of 12 to 30 Weight percent. Further prior art is DE 103 23 079 A1 and DE 10 2016 205 729 A1.
- a multicomponent binder system comprising (A) an additive mixture to be used according to the invention and (B) a solution or dispersion comprising waterglass; a molding material mixture comprising a molding base material (C) and components (A) and (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention; a method for producing an article from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores; Articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores and the use of such an article for metal casting, preferably for light metal casting, in particular for aluminum casting.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an additive mixture (A) for combination with a solution or dispersion (B) comprising water glass, for the production of a molding material mixture for the production of articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores,
- additive mixture comprises (A)
- the additive mixture is a solid mixture or a suspension.
- the additive mixture (A) to be used according to the invention is intended for combination with a solution or dispersion (B) comprising water glass for the production of a molding material mixture for the production of articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores. That is, when producing such a molding material mixture, both the above-defined additive mixture (A) and a solution or a dispersion (B) comprising waterglass are added to the molding base material. Details are described below.
- castings which have been produced by casting foundry molds or cores from a waterglass-bound molding material mixture containing the additive mixture to be used according to the invention comprising a salt (A-2) as defined above have a smoother surface and less sand buildup compared to castings that were manufactured under identical conditions by casting foundry molds or cores of identical geometry from a waterglass-bound molding material mixture with an identical composition except for the lack of salt (A-2).
- A-2 a salt
- Sand buildup here is generally understood to mean the buildup of particles of the basic molding material, regardless of the type of basic molding material (for details, see below).
- the alkaline earth metal M is preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium and barium.
- the salt (A-2) to be used according to the invention is not identical to ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2 .
- the commercially available products referred to as “bone ash” also do not correspond to the salt to be used according to the invention (A-2).
- This determination of the particle size distribution by means of laser scattering is based on the relationship between the size of a particle on the one hand and the angle and the intensity of the light scattered by this particle on the other. From the measured angles and intensities of the laser radiation, which is scattered by the particles contained in the sample, information about the particle sizes can be obtained by means of an algorithm based on the Mie scattering theory.
- the diffraction of the incident light on the particle surface essentially contributes to light scattering. Therefore, the method for determining the particle size based on the measurement of the angle and intensity of the scattered light - as described above - is often referred to as the "laser diffraction method". In the case of particles with a size of less than about 20 ⁇ m, however, in addition to the diffraction of the incident light on the particle surface, the refraction of the light radiation passing through the particles also contributes significantly to the light scattering. Therefore, the refractive index of the sample material must be taken into account in the algorithm for calculating the particle size distribution.
- the method is referred to here as "Determination of the particle size distribution using laser scattering".
- laser diffraction method is often used even when both diffraction and refraction of the laser radiation are taken into account.
- the particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) is preferably selected from
- particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide which has at least carbon as a minor component, the proportion of silicon dioxide being 90% or more, based on the total mass of the particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide and the minor components, preferably producible by reducing quartz in an electric arc furnace;
- particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide which has oxides of zirconium as a secondary component, preferably producible by thermal decomposition of ZrSiO4;
- particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide producible by the oxidation of metallic silicon by means of an oxygen-containing gas
- particulate refers to a solid powder (including dust) or a granulate that is preferably free-flowing and can therefore also be sieved.
- Synthetically produced particulate amorphous silicon dioxide means in the context of the present text that the amorphous silicon dioxide
- particulate amorphous silicon dioxide is the flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride.
- the particulate amorphous S1O2 (“silicon dioxide”) produced by this process is also referred to as “pyrogenic S1O2" ("fumed silicon dioxide”) or as fumed silica or “fumed silica” (CAS RN 1 12945-52-5).
- reaction process in which particulate amorphous silicon dioxide is formed as a by-product is the reduction of quartz with z. B. coke in the electric arc furnace for the production of silicon or ferrosilicon as the target product.
- the particulate amorphous S1O2 (“silicon dioxide”) formed is also referred to as silica dust, silicon dioxide dust or Si0 2 smoke condensate or as “silica fume” or microsilica (CAS RN 69012-64-2).
- Another reaction process in which particulate amorphous silicon dioxide is synthetically produced is the thermal decomposition of ZrSi0 4 to ZrÜ2 and S1O2.
- Particulate amorphous silicon dioxide can also be obtained by oxidizing metallic silicon by means of an oxygen-containing gas (for details see DE 10 2012 020 510 A1) and by quenching a silicon dioxide melt.
- an oxygen-containing gas for details see DE 10 2012 020 510 A1
- both the amorphous silicon dioxide formed by flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride and the amorphous silicon dioxide formed as a by-product during the reduction of quartz with, for example, coke in an electric arc furnace as well as the amorphous silicon dioxide formed by thermal decomposition of ZrSiÜ 4 as "pyrogenic S1O2"(" fumed silica ") or as fumed silica.
- Particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide of the type produced by reducing quartz with carbon (e.g. coke) in an electric arc (in the production of ferrosilicon and silicon) has carbon as a minor constituent for production reasons, the proportion of silicon dioxide being 90% or more on the total mass of the particulate synthetic
- Particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide of the type produced by the thermal decomposition of ZrSi0 4 has oxides of zirconium, in particular zirconium dioxide, as a secondary component due to the manufacturing process.
- Particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide can be produced by oxidation of metallic silicon by means of an oxygen-containing gas, and particulate synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide produced by quenching a silicon dioxide melt is very pure S1O2 with only very few unavoidable (i.e. production-related) impurities.
- particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide to be used with particular preference comprises those types of particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide which are designated with the CAS RN 69012-64-2 or with the CAS RN 112945-52-5. These are available as indicated above.
- the "CAS RN” stands for the CAS registration number and CAS registration number.
- CAS Registry Number, CAS Chemical Abstracts Service.
- S1O2 produced from ZrSiÜ 4 by thermal decomposition of ZrSiÜ 4 to ZrÜ2 and S1O2 obtained by flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride.
- Particulate amorphous silicon dioxide with a particle size distribution with a median (d 50 value) in the range from 0.7 to 1.5 ⁇ m, determined by means of laser scattering (for details, see the exemplary embodiments) is preferred.
- the salt (A-2) is Ca 5 (P0 4 ) 30H and that the particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) is selected from the alternatives mentioned above, in particular the preferred alternatives mentioned above.
- the ratio of the mass of particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) to the mass of salt (A-2) is preferably in the range from 1: 3 to 40: 1, particularly preferably particularly preferably 2: 1 to 20: 1, very particularly preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1 and ideally in the range between 4: 1 and 7: 1
- the ratio of the mass of particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) to the mass of Ca5 (PC> 4 ) 30H is in the range from 1: 3 to 40: 1, preferably particularly preferably 2: 1 up to 20: 1, very particularly preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1 and ideally in the range between 4: 1 and 7: 1
- an additive mixture to be used according to the invention consists of constituents (A-1) and (A-2), that is to say it does not comprise any further constituents.
- Such an additive mixture is in the form of a powder mixture.
- an additive mixture to be used according to the invention contains further constituents in addition to the constituents (A-1) and (A-2) defined above.
- the additive mixture is in the form of a powder mixture or a suspension.
- liquid suspension medium preferably water:
- surface-active substances in particular surfactants, defoamers and wetting agents
- particulate inorganic materials see below for details
- organosilicon compounds such as silanes, silicones and siloxanes
- Carbohydrates the carbohydrates preferably being selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, starch and dextrin.
- oligosaccharides polysaccharides and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, starch and dextrin.
- particulate inorganic materials are also additives, the addition of which to molding mixtures with waterglass as a binder is known to the person skilled in the art; see also the prior art cited above.
- Particulate inorganic materials are preferably selected from the group consisting of
- Aluminum oxide preferably in the alpha phase; Bauxite; Aluminum / silicon mixed oxides;
- phosphorus-containing compounds which are not salts (A-2), the phosphorus-containing compounds preferably being selected from the group of alkali metal phosphates;
- oxidic boron compounds preferably selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids, boric acid anhydrides, borosilicates, borophosphates and borophosphosilicates.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a multicomponent binder system
- Water glass is understood to mean alkali metal silicates which e.g. by fusing quartz sand with sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate at 1400 to 1500 ° C, or by hydrothermal processes. These alkali metal silicates are typically water-soluble.
- the water glass to be used according to the invention preferably contains cations of one or more alkali metals from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, particularly preferably cations of one or both alkali metals from the group consisting of sodium and potassium.
- the molar modulus S1O2 / M2O of the water glass is preferably in the range from 1.6 to 4.0, where M2O denotes the total amount of oxides of alkali metals M.
- Component (B) preferably has an alkali metal silicate content in the range from 20% to 60%, preferably in the range from 25% to 55%, based on the total mass of component (B).
- components (A) and (B) are separate from one another, ie they are in separate containers.
- the reaction of the water glass of component (B) with the particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide of component (A) should only occur when the two components (A) and (B) have been combined with a basic molding material and, optionally, further constituents the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores.
- component (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention consists of water and waterglass dissolved and / or dispersed therein, that is to say it does not comprise any further constituents.
- component (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention contains further constituents in addition to water and waterglass dissolved and / or dispersed therein.
- oxidic boron compounds preferably selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids, and boric acid anhydrides.
- borates preferably selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids, and boric acid anhydrides.
- boric acid anhydrides preferably selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids, and boric acid anhydrides.
- Component (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention preferably contains not only water and waterglass dissolved and / or dispersed therein but also one or more surface-active substances, preferably from the group of surfactants, defoamers and wetting agents.
- Component (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention particularly preferably contains not only water and waterglass dissolved and / or dispersed therein but also one or more surfactants.
- component (B) of the binder according to the invention contains constituents from the group consisting of oxidic boron compounds and alkali metal phosphates, these are dissolved in the solution or dispersion of water glass.
- Oxidic boron compounds and alkali metal phosphates are preferably selected which have a solubility of 1 g / l solvent.
- the solvent here is the liquid phase of the solution or dispersion forming component (B), in each case without the constituent to be dissolved therein from the group consisting of oxidic boron compounds and alkali metal phosphates.
- Component (A) of the binder according to the invention is preferably selected from preferred additive mixtures as described above.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a molding material mixture comprising (C) a molding base material
- the molding material mixture containing salts (A-2) in a concentration of 0.01% to 5% based on the total mass of the molding base material in a concentration of 0.01% to 5% based on the total mass of the molding base material.
- castings produced by casting foundry molds or cores formed from a molding material mixture according to the invention have a smoother surface and less sand buildup compared to castings which were produced under identical conditions by casting foundry molds or cores of identical geometry, which were formed from a molding material mixture which was identical except for the lack of salt (A-2).
- preferred components (A) and (B) of the multicomponent binder system according to the invention the above statements apply.
- basic molding material encompasses both individual materials suitable as basic molding material and mixtures of different materials suitable as basic molding material.
- All basic mold materials commonly used for the production of foundry molds and foundry cores are suitable as basic mold materials, e.g. Quartz sand and special sands.
- the term special sand includes natural mineral sands as well as sintered and melted products that are manufactured in granular form or converted into granular form by crushing, grinding and classifying processes, or inorganic mineral sands produced by other physical-chemical processes that are used as basic molding materials with foundry - Common binders are used for the production of risers, cores and molds.
- Special sands include, among others
- Aluminum silicates in the form of technical sintered ceramics such as Chamotte and cerabeads,
- the basic molding material is preferably a fireproof basic molding material.
- “refractory” refers to masses, materials and minerals that can withstand the temperature load during casting or solidification of a molten metal, at least for a short time.
- Suitable basic molding materials are natural and artificial basic molding materials, for example quartz, zirconium or chrome ore sand, olivine, vermiculite, bauxite or chamotte.
- the basic molding material (C) preferably contains quartz sand.
- the molding base material (C) quartz sand is particularly preferred.
- the basic molding material preferably makes up more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 95% by weight, of the total mass of the molding material mixture according to the invention (as defined above).
- the basic molding material preferably has a free-flowing state.
- the molding base material to be used according to the invention is accordingly preferably granular or particulate.
- the concentration of the particulate, amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) is preferably 0.05% to 3.0%, more preferably 0.1% to 2.0%, particularly preferably 0.3% to 1.5 %, based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- the total concentration of the salts (A-2) is 0.01% to 5%, preferably 0.02% to 2%, particularly preferably 0.05% to 1%.
- the molding material mixture preferably contains as salt (A-2) Ca5 (P0 4 ) 30H in a concentration of 0.01% to 5%, more preferably 0.02% to 2%, particularly preferably 0.05% to 1% based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- the total concentration of the water glass is preferably 0.2% to 3%, particularly preferably 0.3% to 2%, based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- a molding material mixture according to the invention particularly preferably contains
- amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) in a concentration of 0.05% to 3.0%, preferably 0.1% to 2.0%, particularly preferably 0.3% to 1.5%
- Water glass in a concentration of 0.2% to 3%, preferably 0.3 to 2%, each based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- a molding material mixture according to the invention particularly preferably contains
- amorphous silicon dioxide (A-1) in a concentration of 0.05% to 3.0%, preferably 0.1% to 2.0%, particularly preferably 0.3% to 1.5%
- a molding material mixture according to the invention preferably contains calcium phosphates (ie Ca5 (P0 4 ) 30H and other calcium phosphates such as ß-tricalcium phosphate Ca3 (P04) 2 ) in a total amount of 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, particularly preferably 6 % or less, in each case based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- calcium phosphates ie Ca5 (P0 4 ) 30H and other calcium phosphates such as ß-tricalcium phosphate Ca3 (P04) 2
- a molding material mixture according to the invention preferably contains alkaline earth metal phosphates (ie salts (A-2) as defined above and those alkaline earth metal phosphates which are not salts (A-2)) in a total amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 8% by weight or less, particularly preferably 6% by weight or less, in each case based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- a molding material mixture according to the invention preferably does not contain any alkaline earth metal phosphates which are not salts (A-2) as defined above.
- a molding material mixture according to the invention is preferably in a free-flowing form, so that it is easily poured into a molding tool for shaping and compacted there. can.
- the compression of the molding material mixture in the molding tool serves to increase the strength of foundry molds or foundry cores produced from the molding material mixture.
- a molding material mixture according to the invention can be produced by a method comprising the steps
- the spatially separate components (A) and (B) of the multicomponent binder system are mixed into the molding base material (C) simultaneously or one after the other.
- an additive mixture (A) is first mixed into the basic molding material (C) so that a premix comprising the basic molding material (C) and the additive mixture (A) is formed as described above, and into the one thus obtained
- Premix a solution or dispersion (B) comprising water glass is mixed in, so that the molding material mixture is obtained.
- a solution or dispersion (B) comprising water glass is mixed into the molding base material (C), so that a premix comprising the molding base material (C) and water glass is formed, and an additive mixture is added to the premix obtained in this way (A) is mixed in as described above.
- Another aspect comprises a method for producing an article from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores, wherein the article is made by combining a basic mold material (C) with components (A) and (B) of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention as defined above and thermal curing of the binder is formed.
- the combination of the molding base material (C) with the components (A) and (B) of the multicomponent binder system according to the invention can be completed as defined above before the binder system is thermally cured, that is, a molded molding material mixture is first formed and in the molded Molding mixture, the binder system is thermally hardened.
- the molding base material (C) is combined with components (A) and (B) of the multicomponent binder system according to the invention such as defined above and the thermal hardening of the binder system in a large number of successive cycles, wherein in each cycle mold base material (C) is combined with components (A) and (B) of the multicomponent binder system according to the invention as defined above and the binder system is thermally hardened .
- the article from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores is built up in layers.
- thermal curing means that the binder system is exposed to temperatures of over 100 ° C., preferably temperatures of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C., particularly preferably temperatures of 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., during hardening.
- the thermal hardening of the binder system takes place through chemical reaction of components of the binder system with one another, so that the foundry shape or the foundry core results.
- the main reason for the thermal hardening of the binder system is the condensation of the water glass, i.e. the linkage of the silicate units of the water glass with one another (the reaction mechanism has been extensively described in the specialist literature). For this purpose, water is removed from the binder system by the thermal treatment.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of producing a molding material mixture according to the invention as defined above. Shaping the molding material mixture, preferably by means of a molding tool - thermal curing of the binder system in the molded molding material mixture.
- the molding material mixture is preferably introduced into the molding tool by means of compressed air.
- the heating of the molded molding material mixture for thermal hardening of the binder system can take place, for example, in a molding tool which has temperatures of over 100.degree. C., preferably temperatures of 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., particularly preferably temperatures of 120.degree. C. to 250.degree .
- the thermal curing of the binder system in the molded molding material mixture is preferably carried out completely or at least partially in a conventional molding tool for the industrial production of molded bodies.
- the thermal hardening of the binder system in the molded molding material mixture can take place in suitable systems and / or using suitable apparatus (such as lines, pumps, etc.), in which the thermal hardening is carried out by targeted gassing molded molding material mixture is supported with tempered air.
- the air is preferably heated to 100.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., particularly preferably 110.degree. C. to 180.degree.
- air contains carbon dioxide, this does not correspond in the sense of the present invention to curing according to the CO2 method known from the prior art for curing water glass, which requires the targeted gassing of the molded molding mixture with a CC> 2-rich gas, in particular in suitable systems and / or using suitable equipment (such as pipes, pumps, etc.).
- the formed molding material mixture is fumigated with a gas which contains CO2 in a concentration that is higher than its concentration in air, preferably not in the context of the thermal hardening provided according to the invention or in combination therewith.
- the period of time for thermal curing i.e. also the period of time for heating and targeted gassing of the molded molding mixture with tempered air, can be varied according to the needs of the individual case and depend, for example, on the size and geometric nature of the molded molding mixture.
- the flow rate and / or volume flow of the temperature-controlled air during the targeted gassing of the molded molding material mixture are preferably set in such a way that the molded molding material mixture is sufficiently hardened for further processing or use within a period of time that is acceptable for industrial use, preferably very short ( for details see below).
- a period of less than 5 minutes is preferred in the context of the present invention, particularly preferably less than 2 minutes. In the case of very large molds or cores, however, longer periods of time may also be necessary, depending on the requirements of the individual case.
- the molded molding material mixture can already be largely cured in the molding tool.
- the method according to the invention does not require that the binder system be completely cured within the thermal curing step.
- “Thermal curing” in the sense of the method according to the invention as described above thus also includes the incomplete curing of the binder.
- the person skilled in the art knows, for example, the phenomenon of post-curing of the (for example thermally cured) binder system in a foundry mold or a foundry core.
- the binder system in the molding tool only in an edge region of the molded molding mixture so that sufficient strength (green strength) is achieved to allow the molded molding mixture to be removed from the molding tool.
- the formed molding material mixture can then be further hardened by removing further water (for example in an oven or by evaporating the water under reduced pressure or in a microwave oven).
- the thermal curing can also be brought about or supported by the action of microwaves or by the action of electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, on the molded molding material mixture.
- the thermal hardening can also be effected or assisted by passing electrical current through the molded molding material mixture, preferably uniform and particularly preferably also uniform passing current or by a preferably uniform and particularly preferably uniform application of an electromagnetic field through or to the molded molding material mixture .
- electrical current through the molded molding material mixture
- the molding material mixture is heated, preferably heated uniformly, and thereby cured particularly uniformly and as a result of high quality. Details are disclosed in DE 10 2017 217098 B3 and the literature cited therein.
- An article according to the invention from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores as described above can also be obtained by building up layers by means of 3D printing. Corresponding methods are known, for example, from DE 10 2014 1 18 577 A1 and DE 10 201 1 105 688 A1.
- a method according to the invention which represents a further development of the method known from DE 10 2014 1 18 577 A1 for building up bodies in layers, comprises the following steps:
- the cured areas are cured after 1 to 10 printed layers have been built up, preferably by the action of microwaves or by the action of electromagnetic radiation.
- a premix comprising a molding base material (C), the above-described additive mixture (A) and water glass (in the form of a spray-dried Alkali silicate solution) applied in layers and selectively thermally cured (according to the geometry of the article to be manufactured), and these steps are repeated until the desired article is obtained, the selective hardening comprising activating the hardening by means of a solution comprising water and drying.
- the solution comprising water for selective hardening is preferably applied with an inkjet print head, preferably with piezo technology, and / or the hardening is accelerated by thermal convection and / or thermal radiation.
- An article according to the invention can be produced by a method according to the invention as described above and / or comprises a molding base material (C) which is bound by the curing product of the binder according to the invention as described above and salts (A 2) in a concentration of 0.01% contains up to 5% based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- the article preferably contains Ca5 (P0 4 ) 30H in a concentration of 0.01% to 5%, based on the total mass of the basic molding material.
- Castings produced with foundry molds or foundry cores according to the invention have a high quality of the cast surface, in particular roughness and sand deposits occur only to a very small extent. This applies in particular to foundry molds or foundry cores according to the invention whose basic mold material is quartz sand.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an article according to the invention from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores for metal casting, preferably for light metal casting, in particular for aluminum casting.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an additive mixture (A) as described above as a component of a multicomponent binder system according to the invention as described above or a molding material mixture according to the invention as described above for the production of articles from the group consisting of foundry molds and foundry cores.
- castings which have been produced by casting foundry molds or cores from a waterglass-bound molding material mixture containing the additive mixture to be used according to the invention comprising a salt (A-2) as defined above have a smoother surface and less sand buildup compared to castings which were produced under identical conditions by casting foundry molds or cores of identical geometry from a waterglass-bonded molding material mixture with an identical composition except for the absence of the salt (A-2).
- A-2 a salt
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of
- the salt Ca5 (PC> 4 ) 30H is preferably used.
- surfactant e.g. Wetting agents, e.g. Sodium 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate EHS 40 (supplier: Hoesch)
- the shot time was 3 s, followed by a curing time of 30 s (delay time 3 s).
- Three bending bars measuring 22.4 mm x 22.4 mm x 186 mm were produced per shot.
- the different types of Ca5 (PC> 4 ) 30H (A-2) according to the invention differ with regard to their particle size.
- the medians (dso) of the particle size distribution of the additives of mixtures B and DF, determined by means of laser scattering, are given in Table 1a.
- the optimal duration of the ultrasound treatment was determined by carrying out a series of measurements with several samples for each species, in which the duration of the ultrasound treatment was varied.
- the duration of the ultrasound treatment starting from 10 seconds, was extended for each additional sample and immediately after the end of the ultrasound treatment the particle size distribution was determined by means of laser scattering (LA-960), as described below.
- LA-960 laser scattering
- the duration of the ultrasound treatment after which the smallest median of the particle size distribution was obtained is the optimal duration of the ultrasound treatment.
- the optimal duration of the ultrasound treatment is 240 seconds.
- the optimum duration of the ultrasonic treatment for the individual phosphate additives is given in Table 1 a.
- the particle size distribution was determined with a Horiba LA-960 measuring device (hereinafter LA-960).
- LA-960 Horiba LA-960 measuring device
- the circulation speed was set to 6, the stirring speed to 8, the data acquisition of the sample to 30,000, the convergence factor to 15, the type of distribution by volume and the refractive index (R) for particulate amorphous silica to 1.50-0.01 i (1.33 for the dispersing medium deionized water) and the refractive index (B) set to 1.50-0.01 i (1.33 for the dispersing medium deionized water).
- the setting of the refractive index (R) and (B) (both identical) for the phosphate additives is given in Table 1a.
- the laser scattering measurements were carried out at room temperature (20 ° C to 25 ° C).
- the measuring chamber of the LA-960 was three quarters filled with deionized water (fully demineralized water) (highest filling level). The stirrer was then started with the specified setting, the circulation was switched on and the water was degassed. A zero measurement was then carried out with the specified parameters.
- a volume of 0.5-3.0 mL was taken centrally from the samples prepared as described above using a disposable pipette. The entire contents of the pipette were then placed in the measuring chamber so that the transmission of the red laser was between 80% and 90% and the transmission of the blue laser was between 70% and 90%. Then the measurement was started. The measurements were evaluated automatically on the basis of the specified parameters.
- a median (dso) of the particle size distribution of 0.84 ⁇ m was determined using the method described above (the duration of the ultrasonic treatment corresponds to the optimum value given above).
- the phosphate additives those using the method described above (with the duration of the ultrasonic treatment in each case as given in Table 1a The optimal value corresponds to) determined medians (dso) of the particle size distribution given in Table 1 a.
- test bars produced were placed in a Georg Fischer strength tester equipped with a 3-point bending device (Multiserw), and the force which led to the breakage of the test bars was measured.
- the flexural strengths were measured 15 s (hot strengths) or 1 hour (cold strengths) after removal from the Ferming tool.
- the measured values obtained are given in the rim as median of 3 measurements, rounded to whole numbers divisible by 10.
- the core weight was determined using a commercially available Lab scale and is given as the median of 9 measurements.
- the casting surfaces that were in contact with the cores were rated from 1 to 6 with regard to sand adhesion (1 is the best quality, ie very little sand adhesion, 6 the lowest quality, ie very much sand adhesion), and the sum of all three forms.
- the evaluation became independent carried out by 2 people (1) and (2) and then the mean of the sums is formed.
- the amount of sand adhering was specifically assessed in comparison to the castings made with cores from mixture A (without additive).
- the core weights and flexural strengths determined can be found in Table 2.
- Mixture A (without additive) is used as a reference.
- the results show that the core weight due to the addition of both the additive (A-2) to be used according to the invention and the additives not according to the invention ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate (mixture E) or Alodur ZK SF (powdery by-product of zirconium corundum production, Treibacher Abrasive, mixture F) decreases slightly.
- the hot strength which is important for practical use, is not influenced (the fluctuations of ⁇ 10 N / cm 2 are within the scope of the measurement accuracy). Only the cold strength decreases by approx. 100 N / cm 2 . However, the cold strengths achieved are easily sufficient for the use of cores in series production.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BR112021025154A BR112021025154A2 (pt) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | Sistema aglutinante multicomponente, mistura de material de moldagem, método para produzir um artigo, artigo, uso de um artigo, uso de uma mistura de aditivos e uso de um sal m5(po4)3oh |
KR1020227001274A KR20220024547A (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | 물유리 결합된 캐스팅 몰드 및 캐스팅 코어 제조를 위한 몰딩 재료 혼합물용 첨가제 혼합물 |
EP20732885.7A EP3983150A1 (de) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | ADDITIVMISCHUNG FÜR FORMSTOFFMISCHUNGEN ZUR HERSTELLUNG WASSERGLASGEBUNDENER GIEßEREIFORMEN UND GIEßEREIKERNE |
EA202290058A EA202290058A1 (ru) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | Смесь присадок для формовочных смесей для изготовления литейных форм и литейных стержней на связующем из жидкого стекла |
CN202080043896.5A CN113966254A (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | 用于制备水玻璃结合的铸模和铸芯的模制材料混合物的添加剂混合物 |
US17/619,861 US20220355366A1 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | Additive mixture for moulding material mixtures for the production of water-glass-bonded casting moulds and casting cores |
JP2021575512A JP2022537753A (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | 水ガラス結合鋳物用鋳型及び中子を製造するための鋳型材料混合物のための添加剤混合物 |
MX2021015959A MX2021015959A (es) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-15 | Mezcla de aditivos para mezclas de materiales de moldeo para la produccion de moldes de fundicion y machos o nucleos de fundicion unidos por vidrio soluble. |
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DE102019116406.0A DE102019116406A1 (de) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Additivmischung für Formstoffmischungen zur Herstellung wasserglasgebundener Gießereiformen und Gießereikerne |
DE102019116406.0 | 2019-06-17 |
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EP (1) | EP3983150A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2022537753A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220024547A (de) |
CN (1) | CN113966254A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112021025154A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019116406A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA202290058A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2021015959A (de) |
TW (1) | TW202112703A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020254220A1 (de) |
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- 2020-06-15 MX MX2021015959A patent/MX2021015959A/es unknown
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KR20220024547A (ko) | 2022-03-03 |
CN113966254A (zh) | 2022-01-21 |
TW202112703A (zh) | 2021-04-01 |
BR112021025154A2 (pt) | 2022-01-25 |
EP3983150A1 (de) | 2022-04-20 |
DE102019116406A1 (de) | 2020-12-17 |
MX2021015959A (es) | 2022-02-03 |
US20220355366A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
JP2022537753A (ja) | 2022-08-29 |
EA202290058A1 (ru) | 2022-03-18 |
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